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Abd El-Emam MM, Behairy A, Mostafa M, Khamis T, Osman NMS, Alsemeh AE, Mansour MF. Chrysin-loaded PEGylated liposomes protect against alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats: the interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Biol Res 2024; 57:45. [PMID: 38982468 PMCID: PMC11232158 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is recognized as a significant complication arising from diabetes mellitus (DM). Pathogenesis of DN is accelerated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which inhibits autophagy and contributes to disease progression. Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism crucial in mitigating cell death induced by ER stress. Chrysin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, can be found abundantly in honey, propolis, and various plant extracts. Despite possessing advantageous attributes such as being an antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anticancer agent, chrysin exhibits limited bioavailability. The current study aimed to produce a more bioavailable form of chrysin and discover how administering chrysin could alter the neuropathy induced by Alloxan in male rats. METHODS Chrysin was formulated using PEGylated liposomes to boost its bioavailability and formulation. Chrysin PEGylated liposomes (Chr-PLs) were characterized for particle size diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy, and in vitro drug release. Rats were divided into four groups: control, Alloxan, metformin, and Chr-PLs. In order to determine Chr- PLs' antidiabetic activity and, by extension, its capacity to ameliorate DN, several experiments were carried out. These included measuring acetylcholinesterase, fasting blood glucose, insulin, genes dependent on autophagy or stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, and histopathological analysis. RESULTS According to the results, the prepared Chr-PLs exhibited an average particle size of approximately 134 nm. They displayed even distribution of particle sizes. The maximum entrapment efficiency of 90.48 ± 7.75% was achieved. Chr-PLs effectively decreased blood glucose levels by 67.7% and elevated serum acetylcholinesterase levels by 40% compared to diabetic rats. Additionally, Chr-PLs suppressed the expression of ER stress-related genes (ATF-6, CHOP, XBP-1, BiP, JNK, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR by 33%, 39.5%, 32.2%, 44.4%, 40.4%, 39.2%, 39%, and 35.9%, respectively). They also upregulated the miR-301a-5p expression levels by 513% and downregulated miR-301a-5p expression levels by 65%. They also boosted the expression of autophagic markers (AMPK, ULK1, Beclin 1, and LC3-II by 90.3%, 181%, 109%, and 78%, respectively) in the sciatic nerve. The histopathological analysis also showed that Chr-PLs inhibited sciatic nerve degeneration. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that Chr-PLs may be helpful in the protection against DN via regulation of ER stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Noura M S Osman
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Egypt, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fouad Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Sardarabadi H, Darvishi MH, Zohrab F, Javadi H. Nanophytomedicine: A promising practical approach in phytotherapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3607-3644. [PMID: 38725270 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The long and rich history of herbal therapeutic nutrients is fascinating. It is incredible to think about how ancient civilizations used plants and herbs to treat various ailments and diseases. One group of bioactive phytochemicals that has gained significant attention recently is dietary polyphenols. These compounds are commonly found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts, drinks, legumes, and grains. Despite their incredible therapeutic properties, one challenge with polyphenols is their poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This means that they are not easily absorbed by the body when consumed in essential diets. Because of structural complexity, polyphenols with high molecular weight cannot be absorbed in the small intestine and after arriving in the colon, they are metabolized by gut microbiota. However, researchers are constantly working on finding solutions to enhance the bioavailability and absorption of these compounds. This study aims to address this issue by applying nanotechnology approaches to overcome the challenges of the therapeutic application of dietary polyphenols. This combination of nanotechnology and phytochemicals could cause a completely new field called nanophytomedicine or herbal nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sardarabadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Darvishi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zohrab
- Department of Medical Science, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Javadi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Elhoseny SM, Saleh NM, Meshali MM. Self-Nanoemulsion Intrigues the Gold Phytopharmaceutical Chrysin: In Vitro Assessment and Intrinsic Analgesic Effect. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:54. [PMID: 38443653 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of bioactivities. Only a few investigations have assessed the analgesic activity of chrysin. The lipophilicity of chrysin reduces its aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Hence, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were designed to overcome this problem. Kollisolv GTA, Tween 80, and Transcutol HP were selected as oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. SNEDDS A, B, and C were prepared, loaded with chrysin (0.1%w/w), and extensively evaluated. The optimized formula (B) encompasses 25% Kollisolv GTA, 18.75% Tween 80, and 56.25% Transcutol HP was further assessed. TEM, in vitro release, and biocompatibility towards the normal oral epithelial cell line (OEC) were estimated. Brain targeting and acetic acid-induced writhing in a mouse model were studied. After testing several adsorbents, powdered SNEDDS B was formulated and evaluated. The surfactant/cosurfactant (S/CoS) ratio of 1:3 w/w was appropriate for the preparation of SNEDDS. Formula B exhibited instant self-emulsification, spherical nanoscaled droplets of 155.4 ± 32.02 nm, and a zeta potential of - 12.5 ± 3.40 mV. The in vitro release proved the superiority of formula B over chrysin suspension (56.16 ± 10.23 and 9.26 ± 1.67%, respectively). The biocompatibility of formula B towards OEC was duplicated (5.69 ± 0.03 µg/mL). The nociceptive pain was mitigated by formula B more efficiently than chrysin suspension as the writhing numbers reduced from 8.33 ± 0.96 to 0 after 60 min of oral administration. Aerosil R972 was selected as an adsorbent, and its chemical compatibility was confirmed. In conclusion, our findings prove the therapeutic efficacy of chrysin self-nanoemulsion as a potential targeting platform to combat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Mohamed Elhoseny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mahasen Mohamed Meshali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Lavania K, Garg A. Ion-activated In Situ Gel of Gellan Gum Containing Chrysin for Nasal Administration in Parkinson's Disease. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2024; 18:35-49. [PMID: 38058093 DOI: 10.2174/0126673878279656231204103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study focused on creating an innovative treatment approach for Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of specific neurons in the brain. AIM The research aimed to develop a nasal gel using gellan gum containing a complex of chrysin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to enhance the drug's solubility and stability. METHOD The formulation process involved utilizing central composite design (CCD) to optimize the concentrations of gellan gum and HPMC E5, with viscosity and mucoadhesive strength as key factors. The resulting optimized In Situ gel comprised 0.7% w/v gellan gum and 0.6% w/v HPMC E5, exhibiting desirable viscosity levels for both sol and gel states, along with robust mucoadhesive properties. The formulated gel underwent comprehensive evaluation, including assessments for gelation, drug content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, and histopathology. RESULT The findings demonstrated superior drug release from the In Situ gel compared to standalone chrysin. Ex vivo studies revealed effective drug permeation through nasal mucosa without causing harm. Moreover, experiments on neuronal cells exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2- induced) showcased significant neuroprotection conferred by chrysin and its formulations. These treatments exhibited notable enhancements in cell viability and reduced instances of apoptosis and necrosis, compared to the control group. The formulations exhibited neuroprotective properties by mitigating oxidative damage through mechanisms, like free radical scavenging and restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this developed In situ gel formulation presents a promising novel nasal delivery system for PD therapy. By addressing challenges related to drug properties and administration route, it holds the potential to enhance treatment outcomes and improve the quality of life for individuals with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Lavania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.), India
| | - Anuj Garg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.), India
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Naseri A, Taymouri S, Hosseini Sharifabadi A, Varshosaz J. Chrysin loaded bilosomes improve the hepatoprotective effects of chrysin against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:509-526. [PMID: 37632164 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, chrysin loaded bilosomes were formulated, characterized and evaluated to enhance the hepatoprotective activity of drug. Accordingly, chrysin loaded bilosomes were prepared by applying the thin film hydration method; also, fractional factorial design was used to optimize the production conditions of nanoformulations. The prepared formulations were subjected to different methods of characterization; then the hepatoprotective activity of the optimized one was evaluated in the CCl4 hepatointoxicated mice model. Optimized chrysin loaded bilosomes showed a spherical shape with a particle size of 232.97 ± 23 nm, the polydispersity index of 0.35 ± 0.01, the zeta potential of -44.5 ± 1.27 mv, the entrapment efficiency of 96.77 ± 0.18%, the drug loading % of 6.46 ± 0.01 and the release efficiency of 42.25 ± 1.04 during 48 h. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay demonstrated the superiority of the anti-oxidant potential of chrysin loaded bilosomes, as compared to pure chrysin. This was in agreement with histopathological investigations, showing significant improvement in serum hepatic biomarkers of CCl4 intoxicated mice treated with chrysin loaded bilosomes, as compared with free chrysin. These results, thus, showed the potential use of bilosomes to enhance the hepatoprotective activity of chrysin via oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Naseri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Taymouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini Sharifabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang C, Liu X, Zhao R, Yang M, Liu W, Dai Q, Bao X, Chen Y, Ma J. The Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Chrysin in Plasdone ® S630 Demonstrates Improved Oral Bioavailability and Antihyperlipidemic Performance in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2378. [PMID: 37896138 PMCID: PMC10610386 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a flavonoid with various biological activities. However, its low water solubility and strong metabolism render its oral bioavailability rather poor. This study aimed to develop a stable solid dispersion formulation of chrysin to improve the dissolution of chrysin, so as to increase its oral bioavailability and improve its antihyperlipidemic activities. A solid dispersion of chrysin was prepared using a solvent evaporation method, with Plasdone® S630 as the hydrophilic carrier. The formulations were characterized via X-ray diffraction, in vitro dissolution studies, and stability studies. An in-situ perfusion model was used to evaluate the absorption rates. Plasma pharmacokinetics and antihyperlipidemic performance after the oral administration of the chrysin formulations were investigated in rats. It was found that the solid dispersion of chrysin prepared using the drug-polymer mass ratio of 1:6 can form the optimized formulation. X-ray diffraction results showed that the chrysin was in an amorphous state in this optimized formulation. The cumulative release percentage of the optimized solid dispersion of chrysin at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 was elevated to above 90% within 24 h, indicating that the formulation could enhance the dissolution rates of chrysin. Stability studies showed that the optimized formulation presented acceptable long-term storage stability, but it was susceptible to high temperature and humidity. The solid dispersion of chrysin showed higher absorption rates in the in-situ perfusion model. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that Cmax and AUC after the intragastric administration of solid dispersion of chrysin were appreciably higher than those resulting from chrysin suspension. The oral bioavailability of the solid dispersion of chrysin was 41 times higher than that of chrysin suspension. Pharmacological studies suggested that the solid dispersion of chrysin was more powerful than chrysin raw material in improving biochemical indicators in the hyperlipidemic model in rats. This study reveals the potential use of a novel oral formulation of chrysin to reduce the currently required high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ruihan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Meiqing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiuyang Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shenzhen Wanhe Pharmaceutical Company & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microecological Preparations, 7 Huitong Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Tew WY, Tan CS, Yan CS, Loh HW, Wen X, Wei X, Yam MF. Evaluation of vasodilatory effect and antihypertensive effect of chrysin through in vitro and sub-chronic in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114020. [PMID: 36469968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin, a bioflavonoid belonging to the flavone, occurs naturally in plants such as the passionflower, honey and propolis. Few studies have demonstrated that chrysin can promote vasorelaxant activities in rats' aorta and mesenteric arteries. To date, no research has explored the signalling system routes that chrysin may utilise to produce its vasorelaxant action. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in chrysin-induced vasorelaxant in rats' aortic rings and assess the antihypertensive effect of chrysin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The findings revealed that chrysin utilised both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The presence of L-NAME (endothelial NO synthase inhibitor), ODQ (sGC inhibitor), methylene blue (cGMP lowering agent), 4-AP (voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor), atropine (muscarinic receptors inhibitor) and propranolol (β-adrenergic receptors inhibitor) significantly reduced the chrysin's vasorelaxant action. Furthermore, chrysin can reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels by limiting the extracellular intake of Ca2+ through voltage-operated calcium channels and blocking the intracellular release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the IP3 receptor. These indicate that chrysin-induced vasorelaxants involved NO/sGC/cGMP signalling cascade, muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors, also the potassium and calcium channels. Although chrysin had vasorelaxant effects in in vitro studies, the in vivo antihypertensive experiment discovered chrysin does not significantly reduce the blood pressure of SHRs following 21 days of oral treatment. This study proved that chrysin utilised multiple signalling pathways to produce its vasorelaxant effect in the thoracic aorta of rats; however, it had no antihypertensive effect on SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yin Tew
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chong Seng Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Wei Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xu Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Pharmacokinetic modulation of substrate drugs via the inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters using pharmaceutical excipients. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Colletti A, Fratter A, Pellizzato M, Cravotto G. Nutraceutical Approaches to Dyslipidaemia: The Main Formulative Issues Preventing Efficacy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224769. [PMID: 36432457 PMCID: PMC9696395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the nutraceutical approach to treat dyslipidaemia is increasing in use, and in many cases is used by physicians as the first choice in the treatment of patients with borderline values. Nutraceuticals represent an excellent opportunity to treat the preliminary conditions not yet showing the pathological signs of dyslipidaemia. Their general safety, the patient's confidence, the convincing proof of efficacy and the reasonable costs prompted the market of new preparations. Despite this premise, many nutraceutical products are poorly formulated and do not meet the minimum requirements to ensure efficacy in normalizing blood lipid profiles, promoting cardiovascular protection, and normalizing disorders of glycemic metabolism. In this context, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the active compounds is a crucial issue. Little attention is paid to the proper formulations needed to improve the overall bioavailability of the active molecules. According to these data, many products prove to be insufficient to ensure full enteric absorption. The present review analysed the literature in the field of nutraceuticals for the treatment of dyslipidemia, focusing on resveratrol, red yeast rice, berberine, and plant sterols, which are among the nutraceuticals with the greatest formulation problems, highlighting bioavailability and the most suitable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Italian Society of Nutraceutical Formulators (SIFNut), 31033 Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Fratter
- Italian Society of Nutraceutical Formulators (SIFNut), 31033 Treviso, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Marzia Pellizzato
- Italian Society of Nutraceutical Formulators (SIFNut), 31033 Treviso, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Italian Society of Nutraceutical Formulators (SIFNut), 31033 Treviso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-7103
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Enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotective effect of silymarin by preparing silymarin-loaded solid dispersion formulation using freeze-drying method. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:743-760. [PMID: 36178580 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a solid dispersion formulation of silymarin (Silymarin-SD) using freeze-drying method to enhance its oral bioavailability (BA) by inhibiting the intestinal first-pass effect and increasing its solubility and permeability. Silymarin-SD formulation (i.e., silymarin:tween 80:hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) = 1:1:3 (w/w/w) significantly increased silymarin permeability in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum by decreasing the efflux ratio of silymarin and by inhibiting silymarin-glucuronidation activity, in which tween 80 played a crucial role. As a result, orally administered Silymarin-SD formulation increased plasma silymarin concentrations and decreased silymarin-glucuronide in rats compared with silymarin alone and silymmarin:D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (1:1, w/w) formulation. In addition to modulating intestinal first-pass effect, Silymarin-SD formulation showed a significantly higher cumulative dissolution for 120 min compared with that of silymarin from the physical mixture (PM) of the same composition as Silymarin-SD and silymarin alone; the relative BA of silymarin-SD increased to 215% and 589% compared with silymarin-PM and silymarin alone, respectively. This could be attributed to the amorphous status of the Silymarin-SD formulation without chemical interaction with excipients, such as tween 80 and HPC. Moreover, the hepatoprotective effect of Silymarin-SD in acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity, as estimated from the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase values, was superior to that of silymarin. In conclusion, the increase in the dissolution rate and intestinal permeability of silymarin, and the inhibition of silymarin-glucuronidation by the Silymarin-SD formulation, prepared using tween 80 and HPC, increased its plasma concentration and resulted in a superior hepatoprotective effect compared to silymarin.
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Rathod S, Arya S, Kanike S, Shah SA, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Advances on nanoformulation approaches for delivering plant-derived antioxidants: A case of quercetin. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122093. [PMID: 35952801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in tumorigenic, cardiovascular, neuro-, and age-related degenerative changes. Antioxidants minimize the oxidative damage through neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other causative agents. Ever since the emergence of COVID-19, plant-derived antioxidants have received enormous attention, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Quercetin (QCT), a bio-flavonoid, exists in the glycosylated form in fruits, berries and vegetables. The antioxidant potential of QCT analogs relates to the number of free hydroxyl groups in their structure. Despite presence of these groups, QCT exhibits substantial hydrophobicity. Formulation scientists have tested nanotechnology-based approaches for its improved solubilization and delivery to the intended site of action. By the virtue of its hydrophobicity, QCT gets encapsulated in nanocarriers carrying hydrophobic domains. Apart from passive accumulation, active uptake of such formulations into the target cells can be facilitated through well-studied functionalization strategies. In this review, we have discussed the approaches of improving solubilization and bioavailability of QCT with the use of nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rathod
- UKA Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Shristi Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Shirisha Kanike
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Shailesh A Shah
- UKA Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India.
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Jangid A, Solanki R, Patel S, Medicherla K, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Improving Anticancer Activity of Chrysin using Tumor Microenvironment pH-Responsive and Self-Assembled Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15919-15928. [PMID: 35571829 PMCID: PMC9096951 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural bioactive compound with potential biological activities. However, unfavorable physicochemical properties of native chrysin make it difficult to achieve good therapeutic efficacies. In this study, poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG4000)-conjugated chrysin nanoparticles were prepared. The PEG4000 was conjugated to chrysin through cis-aconityl and succinoyl linkers to achieve tumor microenvironment-specific drug release from PEGylated nanoparticles. The conjugation of PEG and chrysin via succinoyl (PCNP-1) and cis-aconityl (PCNP-2) linkers was confirmed by the 1H NMR and FTIR analysis. The nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, and DSC analysis. Comparatively, PCNP-2 showed a better drug release profile and higher anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells than chrysin or PCNP-1. The apoptosis studies and colony formation inhibition assay revealed that the PCNP-2 induced more apoptosis and more greatly controlled the growth of human breast cancer cells than pure chrysin. Thus, the use of PCNPs may help to overcome the issues of chrysin and could be a better therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok
Kumar Jangid
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Raghu Solanki
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Kanakaraju Medicherla
- Department
of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- School
of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences
University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
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14
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Wang Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu H, Li X, Qiao H, Wang L, Chen J, Chen X, Li J. Extra virgin olive oil-based phospholipid complex/self-microemulsion enhances oral absorption of salvianolic acid B through inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase-mediated metabolism. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121330. [PMID: 34864120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of many phenolic acid drugs is severely limited due to the high hydrophilicity and extensive first-pass effect induced by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolism. The present study investigated the inhibitory activity of the pharmaceutical excipients of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) against COMT and evaluated the potential of a self-microemulsion loaded with a phospholipid complex containing EVOO for oral absorption enhancement of salvianolic acid B (SAB), a model phenolic acid. In vitro COMT assay showed that EVOO could effectively inhibit enzyme activity in the rat liver cytosol. Next, the SAB phospholipid complex/self-microemulsion containing EVOO (named SP-SME1) was prepared and characterized (particle size, 243.60 ± 6.96 nm and zeta potential, -23.67 ± -1.36 mV). The phospholipid complex/self-microemulsion containing ethyl oleate (EO) (named SP-SME2) was taken as the control group. Compared with free SAB, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp value) of the two SP-SMEs significantly increased (12.0-fold and 10.90-fold). Pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the AUC0-∞ value of SAB for the SP-SME1 group significantly increased by 4.72 and 2.82 times compared to those for free SAB (p < 0.001) and SP-SME2 (p < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, the AUC0-∞ value of monomethyl-SAB (metabolite of SAB, MMS) for the SP-SME1 group decreased by 0.83 times compared to that for SP-SME2. In conclusion, the EVOO-based phospholipid complex/self-microemulsion greatly enhanced the oral absorption of SAB, which was mainly attributed to the inhibition of COMT activity induced by EVOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xitong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Junsong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Borase HP, Borkar MR, Chaturvedi KK, Kar Mahapatra D, Chalikwar SS, Dangre PV. Design and evaluation of natural deep eutectic solvents system for chrysin to elicit its solubility, stability, and bioactivity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Elmeligy S, Hathout RM, Khalifa SA, El-Seedi HR, Farag MA. Pharmaceutical manipulation of citrus flavonoids towards improvement of its bioavailability and stability. A mini review and a meta-analysis study. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Choi SS, Park HR, Lee KA. A Comparative Study of Rutin and Rutin Glycoside: Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Effect, Effect on Platelet Aggregation and Blood Coagulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111696. [PMID: 34829567 PMCID: PMC8614652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of rutin and rutin glycoside with different solubility were compared on antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and the effects on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro and in vivo. Rutin glycoside (consisting of rutin mono-glucoside and rutin di-glucoside) was prepared via enzymatic transglycosylation from rutin. Rutin glycoside showed a higher effect than rutin on radical scavenging activity in antioxidant assays. Rutin showed a higher toxicity than rutin glycoside in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. They had similar effects on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E (PGE) 2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6) in the cells. Both rutin and rutin glycosides similarly reduced the rate of platelet aggregation compared to controls in vitro. They also similarly delayed prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in an in vitro blood coagulation test. The effect of repeated administration of rutin and rutin glycoside was evaluated in vivo using SD rats. The platelet aggregation rate of rutin and the rutin glycoside administered group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group. On the other hand, PT and APTT of rutin and rutin glycoside group were not significantly delayed in vivo blood coagulation test. In conclusion, rutin and rutin glycoside showed differences in antioxidant activities in vitro, while they were similar in the reduction of NO, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 in vitro. Rutin and rutin glycoside also showed similar platelet aggregation rates, and blood coagulation both in vitro and in vivo condition. Comparing in vitro and in vivo, rutin and rutin glycoside were effective on platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo, but only in vitro on blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01370, Korea;
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Ae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Anyang University, Anyang 14028, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-5183-2101
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18
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Mishra A, Mishra PS, Bandopadhyay R, Khurana N, Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C. Neuroprotective Potential of Chrysin: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:6456. [PMID: 34770864 PMCID: PMC8588021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin, a herbal bioactive molecule, exerts a plethora of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the emerging role of chrysin in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and brain tumors. Based on the results of recent pre-clinical studies and evidence from studies in humans, this review is focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of chrysin in different neurological diseases. In addition, the potential challenges, and opportunities of chrysin's inclusion in the neurotherapeutics repertoire are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Pragya Shakti Mishra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ritam Bandopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Navneet Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
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19
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Ibrahim SS, Abo Elseoud OG, Mohamedy MH, Amer MM, Mohamed YY, Elmansy SA, Kadry MM, Attia AA, Fanous RA, Kamel MS, Solyman YA, Shehata MS, George MY. Nose-to-brain delivery of chrysin transfersomal and composite vesicles in doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment in rats: Insights on formulation, oxidative stress and TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathways. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108738. [PMID: 34339751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer survivors suffer from chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment known as 'Chemobrain'. Doxorubicin -topoisomerase II inhibitor- is widely used in breast cancer, hematological cancers and other neoplasms. However, it is reported to precipitate cognitive impairment in cancer patients via inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Chrysin -5,7 dihydroxyflavone- has promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, but suffers low bioavailability owing to its poor solubility and extensive metabolism. In the present study, chrysin was successfully formulated as transfersomal lipid vesicles and chitosan composite vesicles (CCV) exhibiting a nanometric size range, high drug entrapment efficiency, and controlled release over a 72h period. Intranasal administration of optimized chrysin formulations at a reduced dose of 0.5 mg/kg improved doxorubicin-induced memory impairment in rats evidenced by behavioral testing, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress markers; catalase, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide. This could reduce caspase-3 expression inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, chrysin formulations were able to inhibit doxorubicin-induced Tol-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) protein expression which in turn, reduced procaspase-1, Cysteinyl Aspartate Protease-1 (caspase-1) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) protein expression via inhibiting Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Collectively, our findings suggest the enhanced therapeutic potential of chrysin when formulated as transfersomes and CCV against chemotherapy-induced chemobrain via hindering acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress and TLR4-NF-kB(p65)-NLRP3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar G Abo Elseoud
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mohamedy
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Amer
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Youssef Y Mohamed
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shehab A Elmansy
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kadry
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Attia
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ragy A Fanous
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Kamel
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Youssef A Solyman
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mazen S Shehata
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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20
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Gao S, Siddiqui N, Etim I, Du T, Zhang Y, Liang D. Developing nutritional component chrysin as a therapeutic agent: Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics consideration, and ADME mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112080. [PMID: 34449320 PMCID: PMC8653576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a promising naturally occurring flavonoid mainly found in honey and propolis. Although chrysin's biological activities have been demonstrated and the mechanism of actions has been determined using in vitro and in vivo models, results from the current clinical studies were largely negative. A potential reason for chrysin's low efficacy in humans is poor oral bioavailability. In this paper, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics studies of chrysin and analyzed the mechanism of poor in vivo efficacy with emphasis on its bioavailability and ADME mechanism. Low aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism mediated by UGTs and SULT, efficient excretion through efflux transporters including BCRP and MRP2 are the major reasons causing poor systemic bioavailability for chrysin. However, because of efficient enterohepatic recycling facilitated by phase II metabolism and efflux, chrysin's bioavailability in the low GI tract is high. Thus, chrysin can be ideal for treating diseases in the terminal ileum and colon (e.g., carcinoma, local infection) since it is localized in the lower GI tract with limited delivery to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004.
| | - Nyma Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Imoh Etim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA 77004
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21
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Assessing CYP2C8-Mediated Pharmaceutical Excipient-Drug Interaction Potential: A Case Study of Tween 80 and Cremophor EL-35. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091492. [PMID: 34575568 PMCID: PMC8467590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical excipients (PEs) are substances included in drug formulations. Recent studies have revealed that some PEs can affect the activity of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters; however, the effects of PEs on CYP2C8 and its interaction potential with drugs remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Tween 80 and EL−35 on CYP2C8 in vitro and further investigated their impacts on the PK of paclitaxel (PTX) in rats after single or multiple doses. The in vitro study indicated that Tween 80 and EL−35 inhibited CYP2C8 activity in human and rat liver microsomes. EL−35 also decreased the expression of CYP2C8 in HepG2 cells. In the in vivo study, Tween 80 did not alter the PK of PTX after single or multiple doses, whereas EL−35 administered for 14 days significantly increased the AUC and MRT of PTX. Further analysis indicated that multiple-dose EL−35 reduced the expression of Cyp2c22 and production of 6-OH-PTX in the rat liver. Our study suggested that short-term exposure to both PEs did not affect the PK of PTX in rats, but multiple doses of EL−35 increased the AUC and MRT of PTX by downregulating the hepatic expression of Cyp2c22. Such effects should be taken into consideration during drug formulation and administration.
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22
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Tan OJ, Loo HL, Thiagarajah G, Palanisamy UD, Sundralingam U. Improving oral bioavailability of medicinal herbal compounds through lipid-based formulations - A Scoping Review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153651. [PMID: 34340903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous medicinal herbal compounds demonstrate promising therapeutic potential, their clinical application is often limited by their poor oral bioavailability. To circumvent this barrier, various lipid-based herbal formulations have been developed and trialled with promising experimental results. PURPOSE This scoping review aims to describe the effect of lipid-based formulations on the oral bioavailability of herbal compounds. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across three electronic databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library) between January 2010 and January 2021 to identify relevant studies. The articles were rigorously screened for eligibility. Data from eligible studies were then extracted and collated for synthesis and descriptive analysis using Covidence. RESULTS A total of 109 studies were included in the present review: 105 animal studies and four clinical trials. Among the formulations investigated, 50% were emulsions, 34% lipid particulate systems, 12% vesicular systems, and 4% were other types of lipid-based formulations. Within the emulsion system classification, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were observed to produce the best improvements in oral bioavailability, followed by mixed micellar formulations. The introduction of composite lipid-based formulations and the use of uncommon surfactants such as sodium oleate in emulsion preparation was shown to consistently enhance the bioavailability of herbal compounds with poor oral absorption. Interestingly, the lipid-based formulations of magnesium lithospermate B and Pulsatilla chinensis produced an absolute bioavailability greater than 100% indicating the possibility of prolonged systemic circulation. With respect to chemical conjugation, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) was the most frequently used and significantly improved the bioavailability of its phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is no distinct lipid-based formulation superior to the other. Bioavailability improvements were largely dependent on the nature of the phytoconstituents. This scoping review, however, provided a detailed summary of the most up-to-date evidence on phytoconstituents formulated into lipid preparations and their oral bioavailability. We conclude that a systematic review and meta-analysis between bioavailability improvements of individual phytoconstituents (such as kaempferol, morin and myricetin) in various lipid-based formulations will provide a more detailed association. Such a review will be highly beneficial for both researchers and herbal manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Jin Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Leong Loo
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Gayathiri Thiagarajah
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Usha Sundralingam
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
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Development of Chrysin Loaded Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion for Improving Bioaccessibility. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081912. [PMID: 34441689 PMCID: PMC8392734 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a remarkable flavonoid exhibiting many health-promoting activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, chrysin has been addressed regarding its limited applications, due to low bioaccessibility. Therefore, to improve chrysin bioaccessibility, a colloidal delivery system involving nanoemulsion was developed as chrysin nanoemulsion (chrysin-NE) using an oil-in-water system. Our results show that chrysin can be loaded by approximately 174.21 µg/g nanoemulsion (100.29 ± 0.53% w/w) when medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil was used as an oil phase. The nanocolloidal size, polydispersity index, and surface charge of chrysin-NE were approximately 161 nm, 0.21, and -32 mV, respectively. These properties were stable for at least five weeks at room temperature. Furthermore, in vitro chrysin bioactivities regarding antioxidant and anti-AD were maintained as pure chrysin, suggesting that multistep formulation could not affect chrysin properties. Interestingly, the developed chrysin-NE was more tolerant of gastrointestinal digestion and significantly absorbed by the human intestinal cells (Caco-2) than pure chrysin. These findings demonstrate that the encapsulation of chrysin using oil-in-water nanoemulsion could enhance the bioaccessibility of chrysin, which might be subsequently applied to food and nutraceutical industries.
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Li H, Li M, Fu J, Ao H, Wang W, Wang X. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of quercetin by metabolic inhibitory nanosuspensions compared to conventional nanosuspensions. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1226-1236. [PMID: 34142631 PMCID: PMC8218931 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1927244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin-loaded nanosuspensions (Que-NSps) added metabolic inhibitors were evaluated as drug delivery system to promote the oral bioavailability of quercetin. Que-NSps were prepared respectively using d-alpha tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) or Soybean Lecithin (SPC) as stabilizer. On the basis, Piperine (Pip) or sodium oleate (SO) was, respectively, encapsulated in Que-NSps as phase II metabolic inhibitors. The resulting Que-NSps all displayed a mean particle size of about 200 nm and drug loading content was in the range of 22.3–27.8%. The release of quercetin from Que-NSps was slow and sustained. After oral administration of 50 mg/kg different Que-NSps, the levels of free quercetin in plasma were significantly promoted, the concentration of quercetin metabolites (isorhamnetin and quercetin 3-O-β-d-Glucuronide) were decreased. The absolute bioavailability was, respectively 15.55%, 6.93%, 12.38%, and 23.58% for TPGS-Que-NSps, TPGS-SO-Que-NSps, SPC-Que-NSps, and SPC-Pip-Que-NSps, and 3.61% for quercetin water suspension. SPC-Pip-Que-NSps turned out to an ideal nanocarrier combined nano drug delivery system together with metabolic inhibitor to promote oral absorption of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Manzhen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingxin Fu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Ao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
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Abou Assi R, Abdulbaqi IM, Siok Yee C. The Evaluation of Drug Delivery Nanocarrier Development and Pharmacological Briefing for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:215. [PMID: 33806527 PMCID: PMC8001129 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research indicates that the next silent epidemic will be linked to chronic liver diseases, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was renamed as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. Globally, MAFLD mortality is on the rise. The etiology of MAFLD is multifactorial and still incompletely understood, but includes the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, alterations in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes. The available MAFLD treatment, therefore, relies on improving the patient's lifestyle and multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic options, whereas the option of surgery is useless without managing the comorbidities of the MAFLD. Nanotechnology is an emerging approach addressing MAFLD, where nanoformulations are suggested to improve the safety and physicochemical properties of conventional drugs/herbal medicines, physical, chemical, and physiological stability, and liver-targeting properties. A wide variety of liver nanosystems were constructed and delivered to the liver, only those that addressed the MAFLD were discussed in this review in terms of the nanocarrier classes, particle size, shape, zeta potential and offered dissolution rate(s), the suitable preparation method(s), excipients (with synergistic effects), and the suitable drug/compound for loading. The advantages and challenges of each nanocarrier and the focus on potential promising perspectives in the production of MAFLD nanomedicine were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Abou Assi
- Thoughts Formulation Laboratory, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun-Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq;
| | - Ibrahim M. Abdulbaqi
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun-Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq;
- Pharmaceutical Design and Simulation (PhDS) Lab, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chan Siok Yee
- Thoughts Formulation Laboratory, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
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Sharma T, Katare OP, Jain A, Jain S, Chaudhari D, Borges B, Singh B. QbD-Steered Development of Biotin-Conjugated Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Oral Delivery of Chrysin: Role of Surface Modification for Improving Biopharmaceutical Performance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 197:111429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Huang T, Li H, Fu J, Ao H, Lu L, Han M, Guo Y, Yue F, Wang X. Hydrous icaritin nanorods with excellent stability improves the in vitro and in vivo activity against breast cancer. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:228-237. [PMID: 32003229 PMCID: PMC7034031 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1716877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their various biological activities that are beneficial to human health and antitumor effect, flavonoid compounds have attracted much attention in recent years. Hydrous icaritin (HICT) was such a flavonoid that can inhibit the growth of breast cancer and cancer stem cells. In order to overcome the insolubility problem, HICT was fabricated into nanorods (NRs) through anti-solvent precipitation in this paper using D-α tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol succinate and sodium oleate as a co-stabilizer meanwhile using the mixture of ethanol and acetone (1:2, v/v) as the organic solvent. The obtained HICT NRs showed an average particle size 222.0 nm with a small polydispersity index value of 0.124 and a high zeta potential of – 49.5 mV. HICT NRs could maintain similar particle size in various physiological medium and could be directly lyophilized without the addition of any cytoprotectants and then reconstituted into a colloidal system of similar size. The resultant HICT NRs had a high drug loading content of 55.6% and released HICT in a steady and constant pattern. MTT assay indicated NRs enhanced HICT’s antitumor activity to ninefold against MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. In vivo studies demonstrated oral administration free HICT had almost no tumor inhibitory effect while HICT NRs showed a tumor inhibition rate of 47.8%. When intravenously injected, HICT NRs displayed similar therapeutic efficacy to paclitaxel injections (70.4% vs. 74.5%, TIR). This may be partly due to the high accumulation of the injected HICT NRs in tumor ranking only second to that in the liver but much higher than in other organs. These results demonstrated that HICT NRs could be a promising antitumor agent for the treatment of breast cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tiantian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Haowen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingxin Fu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Ao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Likang Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Yue
- Guangdong Jiabo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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Yang FF, Ji CY, Cong ZQ, Ma SQ, Liu CY, Pan RL, Chang Q, Ji YB, Liao YH. Enhancing in vivo oral bioavailability of cajaninstilbene acid using UDP-glucuronosyl transferase inhibitory excipient containing self-microemulsion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Roy S, Manna K, Jha T, Saha KD. Chrysin-loaded PLGA attenuates OVA-induced allergic asthma by modulating TLR/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 30:102292. [PMID: 32853785 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, one of the significant public health problems, is triggered by certain inflammatory processes in the airways that are not addressed propitiously by current therapies. Though pieces of evidence on allergic asthma mitigation by the anti-inflammatory bioflavonoid chrysin (CHR) are accumulating, poor bioavailability, and low solubility curtail drug development. To overcome these shortcomings, CHR loaded nanoparticle (CHR-NP) was formulated, and its salutary effect in preclinical murine allergic asthma model via the peroral route was evaluated. The spherical nanosized particles showed slow, sustained release in vitro. Moreover, CHR-NP dramatically reduced the serum IgE, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung histological alteration, as well as Th2 (T-helper 2) cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It also suppressed the elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and their upstream TLR/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation in lung superior to CHR and almost identical to dexamethasone (DEX). Thus this study suggests the potentiality of CHR-NP in ameliorating allergic asthma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Roy
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activities of Six Flavonoids with Similar Structures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080732. [PMID: 32796543 PMCID: PMC7465758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of six flavonoids with similar structures, including epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), procyanidin B2 (P), quercetin (Q), taxifolin (T), and rutin (R) were compared. The structures of the six flavonoids and their scavenging activities for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radicals were closely related. The flavonoids decreased serum contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and increased serum total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels to different degrees in d-galactose-treated mice. The changes in mRNA expression of liver GSH-Px1, CAT, SOD1, and SOD2 by d-galactose were dissimilarly restored by the six flavonoids. Moreover, the six flavonoids differentially prevented the inflammatory response caused by oxidative stress by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, and restoring IL-10 levels. These six flavonoids from two subclasses revealed the following antioxidant capability: P > EC, EGC > EC, Q > T, Q > R. Our results indicate that (1) the pyrogallol, dimerization, and C2=C3 double bonds of flavonoids enhanced antioxidant activity and (2) the C3 glycosylation of flavonoids attenuated antioxidant capacity.
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Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Ungvári O, Bakos É, Kuffa K, Bencsik T, Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C, Telbisz Á, Özvegy-Laczka C, Poór M. Effects of Chrysin and Its Major Conjugated Metabolites Chrysin-7-Sulfate and Chrysin-7-Glucuronide on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and on OATP, P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2 Transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1064-1073. [PMID: 32661014 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is an abundant flavonoid in nature, and it is also contained by several dietary supplements. Chrysin is highly biotransformed in the body, during which conjugated metabolites chrysin-7-sulfate and chrysin-7-glucuronide are formed. These conjugates appear at considerably higher concentrations in the circulation than the parent compound. Based on previous studies, chrysin can interact with biotransformation enzymes and transporters; however, the interactions of its metabolites have been barely examined. In this in vitro study, the effects of chrysin, chrysin-7-sulfate, and chrysin-7-glucuronide on cytochrome P450 enzymes (2C9, 2C19, 3A4, and 2D6) as well as on organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs; 1A2, 1B1, 1B3, and 2B1) and ATP binding cassette [P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] transporters were investigated. Our observations revealed that chrysin conjugates are strong inhibitors of certain biotransformation enzymes (e.g., CYP2C9) and transporters (e.g., OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and BCRP) examined. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of chrysin-containing dietary supplements with medications needs to be carefully considered due to the possible development of pharmacokinetic interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Chrysin-7-sulfate and chrysin-7-glucuronide are the major metabolites of flavonoid chrysin. In this study, we examined the effects of chrysin and its conjugates on cytochrome P450 enzymes and on organic anion-transporting polypeptides and ATP binding cassette transporters (P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2). Our results demonstrate that chrysin and/or its conjugates can significantly inhibit some of these proteins. Since chrysin is also contained by dietary supplements, high intake of chrysin may interrupt the transport and/or the biotransformation of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kuffa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Telbisz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Komath S, Garg A, Wahajuddin M. Development and evaluation of Chrysin-Phospholipid complex loaded solid lipid nanoparticles - storage stability and in vitro anti-cancer activity. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:600-617. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1559369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahadali Komath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Divisions of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Izgelov D, Cherniakov I, Aldouby Bier G, Domb AJ, Hoffman A. The Effect of Piperine Pro-Nano Lipospheres on Direct Intestinal Phase II Metabolism: The Raloxifene Paradigm of Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. Mol Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29537855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phase II biotransformation reactions have been gaining more attention due to their acknowledged significance in drug bioavailability, drug development, and drug-drug interactions. However, the predominant role of phase I metabolism has always overshadowed phase II metabolism, resulting in insufficient data regarding its mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate the effect of an advanced lipid based formulation on the phase II metabolism process of glucuronidation, occuring in the enterocytes monolayer. The investigated formulation is a self-emulsifying drug delivery system, termed pro-nano lipospheres, which contains the natural absorption enhancer piperine. To evaluate the effect of this formulation on direct glucuronidation we chose the model molecule raloxifene. First, glucuronidation is the main clearance pathway of this compound without involvement of preceding mechanisms. Second, raloxifene's extensive glucuronidation site is primarily at the intestine. Raloxifene's oral bioavailability was determined in a series of pharmacokinetic experiments using the freely moving rat model. In order to test the effect of the formulation on the relevant UGT enzymes reported in the clinic, we used the in vitro method of UGT-Glo Assay. Coadministration of raloxifene and piperine pro-nano lipospheres to rats resulted in a 2-fold increase in the relative oral bioavailability of raloxifene. However, coadministration of raloxifene with blank pro-nano lipospheres had no effect on its oral bioavailability. In contrast to the difference found in vivo between the two vehicles, both formulations extended an inhibitory effect on UGT enzymes in vitro. Ultimately, these findings prove the ability of the formulation to diminish intestinal direct phase II metabolism which serves as an absorption obstacle for many of today's marketed drugs. Pro-nano lipospheres is a formulation that serves as a platform for the simultaneous delivery of the absorption enhancer and a required drug. The discrepancy found between the in vivo and in vitro models demonstrates that the in vitro method may not be sensitive enough to distinguish the difference between the formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvora Izgelov
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Irina Cherniakov
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Gefen Aldouby Bier
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
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Shoieb SM, Esmat A, Khalifa AE, Abdel-Naim AB. Chrysin attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:650-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Improving oral bioavailability of resveratrol by a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitory excipient-based self-microemulsion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 114:303-309. [PMID: 29292019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-microemulsifying (SME) drug delivery system has been developed to increase oral bioavailabilities, and inhibitory excipients are capable of improving oral bioavailability by inhibiting enzyme mediated intestinal metabolism. However, the potential of enzyme inhibitory excipients containing SME in boosting resveratrol bioavailability remains largely uninvestigated. In this study, we set out to prepare SME-1 with UGT inhibitory excipients (excipients without inhibitory activities named SME-2 as control) to increase the bioavailability of RES by inhibiting intestinal metabolism. Results demonstrated that similar physicochemical properties such as size, polydistribution index and in vitro release, cellular uptake and permeability in Caco-2 cells as well as in vivo lymphatic distribution between inhibitory SME-1 and non-inhibitory SME-2 were observed. In vivo study demonstrated that the molar ratios of RES-G/RES were 7.25±0.48 and 5.06±2.42 for free drug and SME-2, respectively, and the molar ratio decreased to 0.36±0.10 in SME-1 group. Pharmacokinetic study confirmed that the inhibitory excipients containing SME demonstrated potential in increasing bioavailability of RES from 6.5% for the free RES and 12.9% for SME-2 to 76.1% in SME-1 through modulating the glucuronidation by UGT inhibitory excipients.
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Yuan X, Xie Q, Su K, Li Z, Dong D, Wu B. Systemic delivery of the anticancer agent arenobufagin using polymeric nanomicelles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4981-4989. [PMID: 28761339 PMCID: PMC5516778 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s139128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arenobufagin (ABG) is a major active component of toad venom, a traditional Chinese medicine used for cancer therapy. However, poor aqueous solubility limits its pharmacological studies in vivo due to administration difficulties. In this study, we aimed to develop a polymeric nanomicelle (PN) system to enhance the solubility of ABG for effective intravenous delivery. ABG-loaded PNs (ABG-PNs) were prepared with methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA) using the solvent-diffusion technique. The obtained ABG-PNs were 105 nm in size with a small polydispersity index of 0.08. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were 71.9% and 4.58%, respectively. Cellular uptake of ABG-PNs was controlled by specific clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, ABG-PNs showed improved drug pharmacokinetics with an increased area under the curve value (a 1.73-fold increase) and a decreased elimination clearance (37.8% decrease). The nanomicelles showed increased drug concentrations in the liver and lung. In contrast, drug concentrations in both heart and brain were decreased. Moreover, the nanomicelles enhanced the anticancer effect of the pure drug probably via increased cellular uptake of drug molecules. In conclusion, the mPEG-PLGA-based nanomicelle system is a satisfactory carrier for the systemic delivery of ABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
| | - Qian Xie
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy
| | - Keyu Su
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
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