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Song H, Li H, Shen X, Liu K, Feng H, Cui J, Wei W, Sun X, Fan Q, Bao W, Zhou H, Qian L, Nie H, Cheng X, Du Z. A pH-responsive cetuximab-conjugated DMAKO-20 nano-delivery system for overcoming K-ras mutations and drug resistance in colorectal carcinoma. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:456-471. [PMID: 38331131 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cetuximab (Cet) and oxaliplatin (OXA) are used as first-line drugs for patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). In fact, the heterogeneity of CRC, mainly caused by K-ras mutations and drug resistance, undermines the effectiveness of drugs. Recently, a hydrophobic prodrug, (1E,4E)-6-((S)-1-(isopentyloxy)-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4‑dione dioxime (DMAKO-20), has been shown to undergo tumor-specific CYP1B1-catalyzed bioactivation. This process results in the production of nitric oxide and active naphthoquinone mono-oximes, which exhibit specific antitumor activity against drug-resistant CRC. In this study, a Cet-conjugated bioresponsive DMAKO-20/PCL-PEOz-targeted nanocodelivery system (DMAKO@PCL-PEOz-Cet) was constructed to address the issue of DMAKO-20 dissolution and achieve multitargeted delivery of the cargoes to different subtypes of CRC cells to overcome K-ras mutations and drug resistance in CRC. The experimental results demonstrated that DMAKO@PCL-PEOz-Cet efficiently delivered DMAKO-20 to both K-ras mutant and wild-type CRC cells by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It exhibited a higher anticancer effect than OXA in K-ras mutant cells and drug-resistant cells. Additionally, it was observed that DMAKO@PCL-PEOz-Cet reduced the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in CRC cells and significantly inhibited the growth of heterogeneous HCT-116 subcutaneous tumors and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) model tumors. This work provides a new strategy for the development of safe and effective approaches for treating CRC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) Significance: This work reports a new approach for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using the bioresponsible Cet-conjugated PCL-PEOz/DMAKO-20 nanodelivery system (DMAKO@PCL-PEOz-Cet) prepared with Cet and PCL-PEOz for the targeted transfer of DMAKO-20, which is an anticancer multitarget drug that can even prevent drug resistance, to wild-type and K-ras mutant CRC cells. DMAKO@PCL-PEOz-Cet, in the form of nanocrystal micelles, maintained stability in peripheral blood and efficiently transported DMAKO-20 to various subtypes of colorectal carcinoma cells, overcoming the challenges posed by K-ras mutations and drug resistance. The system's secure and effective delivery capabilities have also been confirmed in organoid and PDX models. (2) This is the first report demonstrating that this approach simultaneously overcomes the K-ras mutation and drug resistance of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Song
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haosheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaonan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kuai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiong Fan
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Liheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huizhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Zixiu Du
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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3
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Cai C, Qian J, Xiang S, Wang C, Ji Y, Cui J, Jia J. A cytotoxicity and mechanistic investigation of mono- and di-chloro naphthalenes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141004. [PMID: 38141682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were characterized as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that were widely distributed in the environment. Although the striking in vivo toxicity of these pollutants towards both animals and humans was well documented, their cytotoxicity and mechanism of action have not been extensively investigated. In this study, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of mono- and di-chloronaphthalenes as representative PCNs were evaluated and the results indicated strong growth inhibitory effects against mammalian cells, especially the human breast MCF-10A cell and human hepatic HL-7702 cells. 2-Chloronaphthalene with the most potent antiproliferative effects within the tested PCNs, which showed IC50 values ranging from 0.3 mM to 1.5 mM against selected human cell lines, was investigated for its working mechanisms. It promoted cellular apoptosis of MCF-10A cells upon the concentration of 200 μM. It also induced the autophagy of MCF-10A cells in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in cell death via the interaction of autophagy and apoptosis. Thus, these findings supported the theoretical foundation for interventional treatment of PCNs toxicity and also provided implications for the use of chemopreventive agents against the toxic chlorinated naphthalenes in the environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Cai
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyan Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Ji
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinping Jia
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang C, Hu Y, Sun Y, Xiang S, Qian J, Liu Z, Ji Y, Cai C, Sun G, Cui J. Anti-Cancer Activity of Synthesized 5-Benzyl juglone on Selected Human Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:845-852. [PMID: 36165520 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220926110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a malignant disease that causes millions of deaths each year worldwide. As one of the cancer therapeutic strategies, chemotherapy is a means to destroy rapidly dividing cells. The main problem with cancer chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, leading to toxicity towards normal cells. Therefore, the discovery of anti-cancer agents with selectivity for fast-growing cancer cells is desirable. OBJECTIVE In this study, we report the synthesis and identification of synthesized 5-benzyl juglone as a potential anticancer agent with selectivity toward certain cancer cell lines. METHODS An efficient synthetic method for 5-benzyl juglone was established. The proliferation of cancer cell lines and a normal cell line treated by the target compound was studied using an MTT assay. In addition, the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Based on the Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction between 3,6-dimethoxy benzyne intermediate and furan, further acid-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement, and CAN-mediated oxidation, a convenient synthesis of 5-benzyl juglone was achieved with high overall yield. The results from in vitro biological evaluation indicated that the juglone derivative exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against HCT-15 human colorectal cancer cells with an IC50 value of 12.27 μM. It exerted high inhibitory activity toward MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and, to a much lesser extent, to corresponding MCF-10A human breast epithelial normal cells with an IC50 ratio (IC50 in MCF-7 divided by IC50 in MCF-10A) of 0.62. CONCLUSION The mechanistic investigations indicated that 5-benzyl juglone could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and promote apoptosis of HCT-15 cells. The apoptotic effects possibly contributed to its higher selectivity toward cancer cells than normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyan Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhuo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chenglin Cai
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gege Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Li Y, Xiang S, Hu L, Qian J, Liu S, Jia J, Cui J. In vitro metabolism of triclosan and chemoprevention against its cytotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139708. [PMID: 37536533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antibacterial chemical, has been extensively used in personal daily care items, household commodities, and clinical medications; therefore, humans are at risk of being exposed to TCS in their daily lives. This chemical also accumulated in food chains, and potential risks were associated with its metabolism in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in metabolic profile of TCS by hepatic P450 enzymes and extrahepatic P450s, and also identify chemical structures of its metabolites. The results showed that RLM mediated the hydroxylation and cleavage of the ether moiety of TCS, resulting in phenolic metabolites that are more polar than the parent compound, including 4-chlorocatechol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and monohydroxylated triclosan. The major metabolite of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mediated TCS metabolism is 4-chlorochol. We also performed molecular docking experiments to investigate possible binding modes of TCS in the active sites of human CYP1B1, CYP1A1, and CYP3A4. In addition to in vitro experiments, we further examined the cytotoxic effects of TCS on HepG2 cells expressing hepatic P450 and MCF-7/1B1 cells expressing CYP1B1. It exhibited significant cytotoxicity on HepG2, MCF-10A and MCF-7/1B1 cells, with IC50 values of 70 ± 10 μM, 20 ± 10 μM and 60 ± 20 μM, respectively. The co-incubation of TCS with glutathione (GSH) as a chemopreventive agent could reduce the cytotoxicity of TCS in vitro. The chemopreventive effects of GSH might be ascribed to the promotion of TCS efflux mediated by membrane transporter MRP1 and also its antioxidant property, which partially neutralized the oxidative stress of TCS on mammalian cells. This study contributed to our understanding of the relationship between the P450 metabolism and the toxicity of TCS. It also had implications for the use of specific chemopreventive agents against the toxicity of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubei Li
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyan Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuyin Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuoguo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Singh RD, Avadhesh A, Sharma G, Dholariya S, Shah RB, Goyal B, Gupta SC. Potential of cytochrome P450, a family of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, in cancer therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 38:853-876. [PMID: 36242099 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Targeted cancer therapy with minimal off-target consequences has shown promise for some cancer types. Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) consists of 18 families, CYP1-4 families play key role in metabolizing xenobiotics and cancer drugs. This eventually affects the process of carcinogenesis, treatment outcome, and cancer drug resistance. Differential overexpression of CYPs in transformed cells, together with phenotypic alterations in tumors, presents a potential for therapeutic intervention. RECENT ADVANCES Recent advances in molecular tools and information technology have helped utilize CYPs as cancer targets. The precise expression in various tumors, X-ray crystal structures, improved understanding of the structure-activity relationship, and new approaches in the development of prodrugs have supported the ongoing efforts to develop CYPs-based drugs with a better therapeutic index. CRITICAL ISSUES Narrow therapeutic index, off-target effects, drug resistance, and tumor heterogeneity limit the benefits of CYP-based conventional cancer therapies. In this review, we address the CYP1-4 families as druggable targets in cancer. An emphasis is given to the CYP expression, function, and the possible mechanisms that drive expression and activity in normal and transformed tissues. The strategies that inhibit or activate CYPs for therapeutic benefits are also discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Efforts are needed to develop more selective tools that will help comprehend molecular and metabolic alterations in tumor tissues with biological end-points in relation to CYPs. This will eventually translate to developing more specific CYP inhibitors/inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini D Singh
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Biochemistry, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | - Avadhesh Avadhesh
- Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Biochemistry, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Physiology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | | | - Rima B Shah
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Pharmacology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | - Bela Goyal
- AIIMS Rishikesh, 442339, Biochemistry, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 221005;
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Bossard E, Tsafantakis N, Aligiannis N, Fokialakis N. A Development Strategy of Tailor-made Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Enhanced Extraction of Hydroxynaphthoquinones from Alkanna tinctoria Roots. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:826-837. [PMID: 35021247 DOI: 10.1055/a-1738-5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural hydroxynaphthoquinone enantiomers (HNQs) are well-described pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical agents especially present in the roots of Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch, a species native to the Mediterranean region. In this work, eco-friendly natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) were developed for the selective extraction of these compounds. An extensive screening was performed using more than sixty tailor-made NaDESs. The impact of the intrinsic physicochemical properties on the HNQs extraction efficiency as well as the specificity towards the different enantiomeric pairs was thoroughly investigated. As a result of a multivariate analysis and of the one factor-a-time solvent optimization, the eutectic mixture composed of levulinic acid and glucose (LeG) using a molar ratio of 5 : 1 (molHBA : molHBD) and 20% of water (w/w) was found as the most appropriate mixture for the highest extraction efficiency of HNQs. Further optimization of the extraction process was attained by response surface methodology, using a temperature of 45 °C, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 30 mg/mL, and an extraction time of 50 min. A maximum extraction output of 41.72 ± 1.04 mg/g was reached for HNQs, comparable to that of the commonly used organic solvents. A solid-phase extraction step was also proposed for the recovery of HNQs and for NaDESs recycling. Our results revealed NaDESs as a highly customizable class of green solvents with remarkable capabilities for the extraction of HNQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bossard
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsafantakis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Fokialakis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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8
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Valipour M. Recent advances of antitumor shikonin/alkannin derivatives: A comprehensive overview focusing on structural classification, synthetic approaches, and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sun Q, Gong T, Liu M, Ren S, Yang H, Zeng S, Zhao H, Chen L, Ming T, Meng X, Xu H. Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153805. [PMID: 34749177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin is one of the major phytochemical components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell), which is a type of medicinal herb broadly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. It is well established that shikonin possesses remarkable therapeutic actions on various diseases, with the underlying mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects elusive. Also, the clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE The present review aimed to systematically summarize the updated knowledge regarding the therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicological effects, clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin. METHODS The information contained in this review article were retrieved from some authoritative databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and so on, till August 2021. RESULTS Shikonin exerts multiple therapeutic efficacies, such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, anti-microbiomes, analgesia, anti-obesity, brain protection, and so on, mainly by regulating the NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPKs, Akt/mTOR, TGF-β, GSK3β, TLR4/Akt signaling pathways, NLRP3 inflammasome, reactive oxygen stress, Bax/Bcl-2, etc. In terms of pharmacokinetics, shikonin has an unfavorable oral bioavailability, 64.6% of the binding rate of plasma protein, and enhances some metabolic enzymes, particularly including cytochrome P450. In regard to the toxicological effects, shikonin may potentially cause nephrotoxicity and skin allergy. The above pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of shikonin have been validated by few clinical trials. In addition, pharmaceutical innovation of shikonin with novel drug delivery system such as nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, nanogel, cyclodextrin complexes, micelles and polymers are beneficial to the development of shikonin-based drugs. CONCLUSIONS Shikonin is a promising phytochemical for drug candidates. Extensive and intensive explorations on shikonin are warranted to expedite the utilization of shikonin-based drugs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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10
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Han H, He C, Chen X, Luo Y, Yang M, Wen Z, Hu J, Lin F, Han M, Yin T, Yang R, Lin H, Qi J, Yang Y. Shikonin N-benzyl matrinic acid ester derivatives as novel telomerase inhibitors with potent activity against lung cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 57:128503. [PMID: 34922028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel shikonin N-benzyl matrinic acid ester derivatives (PMMB-299-PMMB-310) were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. Compared with shikonin and matrine, some of the ester derivatives were found to exhibit better anti-proliferative activity against seven different cancer cell lines, with less cytotoxicity toward non-cancerous cells. The strongest anti-proliferative activity was exhibited by PMMB-302, which had an IC50 value of 2.71 μM against A549 cells. The compound caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Effects on the expression of apoptosis-related molecules such as Bcl2, Bcl-XL, caspase-3, caspase-9 and FADD suggested that PMMB-302 has tumor suppressive roles in lung cancer cells. In addition, PMMB-302 inhibited expression of telomerase core proteins, dyskerin and NHP2, and telomerase reverse transcriptase RNA. Moreover, molecular docking of PMMB-302 was subsequently conducted to determine the probable binding mode with telomerase. Taken together, the results indicate that PMMB-302 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer cells by negatively regulating telomerase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cong He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuelin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Faxiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rongwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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11
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Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an extrahepatic heme-containing monooxygenase. CYP1B1 contributes to the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, drugs, and endogenous substrates like melatonin, fatty acids, steroid hormones, and retinoids, which are involved in diverse critical cellular functions. CYP1B1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, hormone-related cancers and is responsible for anti-cancer drug resistance. Inhibition of CYP1B1 activity is considered as an approach in cancer chemoprevention and cancer chemotherapy. CYP1B1 can activate anti-cancer prodrugs in tumor cells which display overexpression of CYP1B1 in comparison to normal cells. CYP1B1 involvement in carcinogenesis and cancer progression encourages investigation of CYP1B1 interactions with its ligands: substrates and inhibitors. Computational methods, with a simulation of molecular dynamics (MD), allow the observation of molecular interactions at the binding site of CYP1B1, which are essential in relation to the enzyme’s functions.
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Cui J, Zhou X, Huang J, Cui J, Chen J. Selective Antitumor Effect of Shikonin Derived DMAKO-20 on Melanoma through CYP1B1. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 21:CCDT-EPUB-111521. [PMID: 33200710 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201116112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP1B1 is recognized as a valuable target for chemotherapy. It catalyzes the bioactivation of naphthoquinone oximes within certain cancer cell lines. However, the expression level of CYP1B1 in melanoma and the functional role regulating the activity of DMAKO-20 as a representative naphthoquinone oxime against skin carcinoma is still unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the expression level of CYP1B1 in melanoma and explore the molecular mechanism behind the anticancer effects of DMAKO-20 in melanoma. METHODS CYP1B1 expression levels in paraffin specimens taken from melanoma patients, and its expression levels in B16/F10 cancer cells were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. The molecular mechanisms behind DMAKO20 activity against melanoma was investigated by using cytotoxicity, cell scratching, apoptotic, and immunoblotting assays. RESULTS CYP1B1, the P450 isoform was expressed at high levels in melanoma tissues and cultured B16/F10 cells, but was undetectable in normal tissues or fibroblasts. In cell proliferation assays, the shikonin oxime DMAKO-20 exhibited potent and selective antiproliferative effects against B16/F10 melanoma cells and inhibited migration. Several mechanisms for the anticancer effects of DMAKO-20 have been identified in B16/F10 melanoma cells, including apoptosis, upregulation of mitochondrial apoptotic Bax proteins and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. The results from these mechanistic investigations indicated that DMAKO-20 underwent CYP1B1-mediated metabolic activation to activate anticancer metabolites within melanoma cells. CONCLUSION DMAKO-20 exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells through CYP1B1-mediated activation. Using DMAKO-20 as a lead compound, further structural optimization may provide new drug entities for the treatments of malignant skin carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Cui
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
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13
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Sun T, Ding Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Zhang GP, Liang D, Yu K, Chu Y, Chen Q, Jiang C. Carry-On Nitric-Oxide Luggage for Enhanced Chemotherapeutic Efficacy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5275-5283. [PMID: 32421336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a carry-on nitric-oxide (NO) luggage strategy for enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy. A stimuli-responsive NO-releasing polypeptide was prepared as the building block to assemble into a micelle as a chemodrug-carrier. The micelle was anchored with cRGD peptide with the aim of targeting to tumors' neoangiogenesis. In situ generation of NO at the tumor site can promote the neovascularization to recruit more chemotherapeutics. Besides, the introduced exogenous NO can directly induce apoptosis, synergistically with the chemotherapeutics. A specific near-infrared-region (NIR) NO-probe was also developed to be coloaded to the micelle to report the in situ NO-release. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to demonstrate the targeting capability, increased accumulation, real-time NO-release reporting phenomenon, improved antitumor efficacy, and favorable biosafety. Embedding NO into drug cargo as carry-on luggage for enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy, hopefully, can cast new lights and build a basic principle in the future clinical translation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunhui Ding
- Shanghai SPH Zhongxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai Pharma, Shanghai 201806, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Donghui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kunjiao Yu
- Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd., Shanghai 20020, China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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14
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Zhang WY, Wang YJ, Du F, He M, Gu YY, Bai L, Yang LL, Liu YJ. Evaluation of anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo of iridium(III) complexes on gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:401-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Introduction: Prodrugs have been used to improve the selectivity and efficacy of cancer therapy by targeting unique abnormal markers that are overexpressed by cancer cells and are absent in normal tissues. In this context, different strategies have been exploited and new ones are being developed each year. Areas covered: In this review, an integrated view of the potential use of prodrugs in targeted cancer therapy is provided. Passive and active strategies are discussed in light of the advantages of each one and some successful examples are provided, as well as the clinical status of several prodrugs. Among them, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most commonly used. However, several drawbacks, including limited prodrug uptake, poor pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity problems, difficulties in selective targeting and gene expression, and optimized bystander effects limit their clinical applications. Expert opinion: Despite the efforts of different companies and research groups, several drawbacks, such as the lack of relevant in vivo models, complexity of the human metabolism, and economic limitations, have hampered the development of new prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy. As a result, we believe that the combination of prodrugs with cancer nanotechnology and other newly developed approaches, such as aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials, are efficient strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Souza
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- b Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Hybrid Materials , Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP , Diadema , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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Discovery and synthesis of sulfur-containing 6-substituted 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone oxime derivatives as new and potential anti-MDR cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:160-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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