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Lou X, Li Y, Lei H, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Shi E, Zhu H. Robust and Efficient Out-of-Plane Exciton Transport in Two-Dimensional Perovskites via Ultrafast Förster Energy Transfer. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39041395 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, comprising inorganic semiconductor layers separated by organic spacers, hold promise for light harvesting and optoelectronic applications. Exciton transport in these materials is pivotal for device performance, often necessitating deliberate alignment of the inorganic layers with respect to the contacting layers to facilitate exciton transport. While much attention has focused on in-plane exciton transport, little has been paid to out-of-plane interlayer transport, which presumably is sluggish and unfavorable. Herein, by time-resolved photoluminescence, we unveil surprisingly efficient out-of-plane exciton transport in 2D perovskites, with diffusion coefficients (up to ∼0.1 cm2 s-1) and lengths (∼100 nm) merely a few times smaller or comparable to their in-plane counterparts. We unambiguously confirm that the out-of-plane exciton diffusion coefficient corresponds to a subpicosecond interlayer exciton transfer, governed by the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. Intriguingly, in contrast to temperature-sensitive intralayer band-like transport, the interlayer exciton transport exhibits negligible temperature dependence, implying a lowest-lying bright exciton state in 2D perovskites, irrespective of spacer molecules. The robust and ultrafast interlayer exciton transport alleviates the constraints on crystal orientation that are crucial for the design of 2D perovskite-based light harvesting and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Haixin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
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2
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Muth D, Anhäuser S, Bischof D, Krüger A, Witte G, Gerhard M. Transport, trapping, triplet fusion: thermally retarded exciton migration in tetracene single crystals. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13471-13482. [PMID: 38938080 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01086h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Efficient exciton migration is crucial for optoelectronic organic devices. While the transport of triplet excitons is generally slow compared to singlet excitons, triplet exciton migration in certain molecular semiconductors with endothermic singlet fission appears to be enhanced by a time-delayed regeneration of the more mobile singlet species via triplet fusion. This combined transport mechanism could be exploited for devices, but the interplay between singlet fission and triplet fusion, as well as the role of trap states is not yet well understood. Here, we study the spatiotemporal exciton dynamics in the singlet fission material tetracene by means of time resolved photoluminescence micro-spectroscopy on crystalline samples of different quality. Varying the temperature allows us to modify the dynamic equilibrium between singlet, triplet and trapped excitons. Supported by a kinetic model, we find that thermally activated dissociation of triplet pairs into free triplet excitons can account for an increase of the diffusion length below room temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate that trapping competes efficiently with exciton migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Muth
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Semiconductor Spectroscopy Group, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7a, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Anhäuser
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Molecular Solids Group, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Bischof
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Molecular Solids Group, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Anton Krüger
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Semiconductor Spectroscopy Group, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7a, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gregor Witte
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Molecular Solids Group, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Semiconductor Spectroscopy Group, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7a, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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3
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Ou Z, Wang C, Tao ZG, Li Y, Li Z, Zeng Y, Li Y, Shi E, Chu W, Wang T, Xu H. Organic Ligand Engineering for Tailoring Electron-Phonon Coupling in 2D Hybrid Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5975-5983. [PMID: 38726841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In the emerging two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, the electronic structures and carrier behaviors are strongly impacted by intrinsic electron-phonon interactions, which have received inadequate attention. In this study, we report an intriguing phenomenon of negative carrier diffusion induced by electron-phonon coupling in (2T)2PbI4. Theoretical calculations reveal that the electron-phonon coupling drives the band alignment in (2T)2PbI4 to alternate between type I and type II heterostructures. As a consequence, photoexcited holes undergo transitions between the organic ligands and inorganic layers, resulting in abnormal carrier transport behavior compared to other two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of electron-phonon coupling in shaping the band alignments and carrier behaviors in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. They also open up exciting avenues for designing and fabricating functional semiconductor heterostructures with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Ou
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Weibin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ti Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
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4
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Jin L, Mora Perez C, Gao Y, Ma K, Park JY, Li S, Guo P, Dou L, Prezhdo O, Huang L. Superior Phonon-Limited Exciton Mobility in Lead-Free Two-Dimensional Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3638-3646. [PMID: 38498912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tin-based two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are emerging as lead-free alternatives in halide perovskite materials, yet their exciton dynamics and transport remain less understood due to defect scattering. Addressing this, we employed temperature-dependent transient photoluminescence (PL) microscopy to investigate intrinsic exciton transport in three structurally analogous Sn- and Pb-based 2D perovskites. Employing conjugated ligands, we synthesized high-quality crystals with enhanced phase stability at various temperatures. Our results revealed phonon-limited exciton transport in Sn perovskites, with diffusion constants increasing from 0.2 cm2 s-1 at room temperature to 0.6 cm2 s-1 at 40 K, and a narrowing PL line width. Notably, Sn-based perovskites exhibited greater exciton mobility than their Pb-based equivalents, which is attributed to lighter effective masses. Thermally activated optical phonon scattering was observed in Sn-based compounds but was absent in Pb-based materials. These findings, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrate that the phonon scattering mechanism in Sn-based halide perovskites can be distinct from their Pb counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carlos Mora Perez
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ke Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jee Yung Park
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Oleg Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Gong Y, Yue S, Liang Y, Du W, Bian T, Jiang C, Bao X, Zhang S, Long M, Zhou G, Yin J, Deng S, Zhang Q, Wu B, Liu X. Boosting exciton mobility approaching Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites by anchoring the organic cation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1893. [PMID: 38424438 PMCID: PMC10904778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton transport in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite plays a pivotal role for their optoelectronic performance. However, a clear photophysical picture of exciton transport is still lacking due to strong confinement effects and intricate exciton-phonon interactions in an organic-inorganic hybrid lattice. Herein, we present a systematical study on exciton transport in (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites using time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy. We reveal that the free exciton mobilities in exfoliated thin flakes can be improved from around 8 cm2 V-1 s-1 to 280 cm2V-1s-1 by anchoring the soft butyl ammonium cation with a polymethyl methacrylate network at the surface. The mobility of the latter is close to the theoretical limit of Mott-Ioffe-Regel criterion. Combining optical measurements and theoretical studies, it is unveiled that the polymethyl methacrylate network significantly improve the lattice rigidity resulting in the decrease of deformation potential scattering and lattice fluctuation at the surface few layers. Our work elucidates the origin of high exciton mobility in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites and opens up avenues to regulate exciton transport in two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Gong
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tieyuan Bian
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Long
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Shibin Deng
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Wu
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
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6
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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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7
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Shcherbakov-Wu W, Saris S, Sheehan TJ, Wong NN, Powers ER, Krieg F, Kovalenko MV, Willard AP, Tisdale WA. Persistent enhancement of exciton diffusivity in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystal solids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj2630. [PMID: 38381813 PMCID: PMC10881049 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In semiconductors, exciton or charge carrier diffusivity is typically described as an inherent material property. Here, we show that the transport of excitons among CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) depends markedly on how recently those NCs were occupied by a previous exciton. Using transient photoluminescence microscopy, we observe a striking dependence of the apparent exciton diffusivity on excitation laser power that does not arise from nonlinear exciton-exciton interactions or thermal heating. We interpret our observations with a model in which excitons cause NCs to transition to a long-lived metastable configuration that markedly increases exciton transport. The exciton diffusivity observed here (>0.15 square centimeters per second) is considerably higher than that observed in other NC systems, revealing unusually strong excitonic coupling between NCs. The finding of a persistent enhancement in excitonic coupling may help explain other photophysical behaviors observed in CsPbBr3 NCs, such as superfluorescence, and inform the design of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi Shcherbakov-Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seryio Saris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Thomas John Sheehan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Narumi Nagaya Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric R. Powers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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Wietek E, Florian M, Göser J, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Högele A, Glazov MM, Steinhoff A, Chernikov A. Nonlinear and Negative Effective Diffusivity of Interlayer Excitons in Moiré-Free Heterobilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:016202. [PMID: 38242648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.016202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Interlayer exciton diffusion is studied in atomically reconstructed MoSe_{2}/WSe_{2} heterobilayers with suppressed disorder. Local atomic registry is confirmed by characteristic optical absorption, circularly polarized photoluminescence, and g-factor measurements. Using transient microscopy we observe propagation properties of interlayer excitons that are independent from trapping at moiré- or disorder-induced local potentials. Confirmed by characteristic temperature dependence for free particles, linear diffusion coefficients of interlayer excitons at liquid helium temperature and low excitation densities are almost 1000 times higher than in previous observations. We further show that exciton-exciton repulsion and annihilation contribute nearly equally to nonlinear propagation by disentangling the two processes in the experiment and simulations. Finally, we demonstrate effective shrinking of the light emission area over time across several hundreds of picoseconds at the transition from exciton- to the plasma-dominated regimes. Supported by microscopic calculations for band gap renormalization to identify the Mott threshold, this indicates transient crossing between rapidly expanding, short-lived electron-hole plasma and slower, long-lived exciton populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Wietek
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jonas Göser
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Steinhoff
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Universität Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Kurilovich AA, Mantsevich VN, Chechkin AV, Palyulin VV. Negative diffusion of excitons in quasi-two-dimensional systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:922-935. [PMID: 38088027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03521b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
We show how two different mobile-immobile type models explain the observation of negative diffusion of excitons reported in experimental studies in quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor systems. The main reason for the effect is the initial trapping and a delayed release of free excitons in the area close to the original excitation spot. The density of trapped excitons is not registered experimentally. Hence, the signal from the free excitons alone includes the delayed release of not diffusing trapped particles. This is seen as the narrowing of the exciton density profile or decrease of mean-squared displacement which is then interpreted as a negative diffusion. The effect is enhanced with the increase of recombination intensity as well as the rate of the exciton-exciton binary interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Kurilovich
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Mantsevich
- Chair of Semiconductors and Cryoelectronics, Physics department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei V Chechkin
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Hugo Steinhaus Center, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Akhiezer Institute for Theoretical Physics National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology", 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir V Palyulin
- Applied AI centre, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Moscow, 121205, Russia.
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10
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Baxter JM, Koay CS, Xu D, Cheng SW, Tulyagankhodjaev JA, Shih P, Roy X, Delor M. Coexistence of Incoherent and Ultrafast Coherent Exciton Transport in a Two-Dimensional Superatomic Semiconductor. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10249-10256. [PMID: 37938804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fully leveraging the remarkable properties of low-dimensional semiconductors requires developing a deep understanding of how their structure and disorder affect the flow of electronic energy. Here, we study exciton transport in single crystals of the two-dimensional superatomic semiconductor CsRe6Se8I3, which straddles a photophysically rich yet elusive intermediate electronic-coupling regime. Using femtosecond scattering microscopy to directly image exciton transport in CsRe6Se8I3, we reveal the rare coexistence of coherent and incoherent exciton transport, leading to either persistent or transient electronic delocalization depending on temperature. Notably, coherent excitons exhibit ballistic transport at speeds approaching an extraordinary 1600 km/s over 300 fs. Such fast transport is mediated by J-aggregate-like superradiance, owing to the anisotropic structure and long-range order of CsRe6Se8I3. Our results establish superatomic crystals as ideal platforms for studying the intermediate electronic-coupling regime in highly ordered environments, in this case displaying long-range electronic delocalization, ultrafast energy flow, and a tunable dual transport regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christie S Koay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Petra Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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11
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Yang C, Wei Q, Gong Y, Long M, Zhou G, Xing G, Wu B. Correlated Self-Trapped Excitons and Free Excitons with Intermediate Exciton-Phonon Coupling in 2D Mixed-Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10046-10053. [PMID: 37910791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional lead halides have attracted increasing attention due to their potential application as single-component white-light emitters. These materials exhibit a complex emission spectral structure, ranging from free exciton narrowband emissions to self-trapped exciton broadband emissions. However, there is still no consensus for the underlying physical mechanism, especially in the spectrum with both narrowband and broadband emissions. Here we aim to elucidate the correlation between the emission spectrum and the exciton-phonon coupling in the mixed halide perovskite BA2Pb(BrxCl1-x)4. Our findings reveal that the interplay between exciton localization and delocalization results in an intermediate exciton-phonon coupling, leading to line shapes beyond the Huang-Rhys model for the self-trapped exciton. By incorporating the exciton motional effect, we establish a unified photophysical model describing the emission spectrum from the self-trapped exciton type to the free exciton type. These results provide essential insights into the mechanisms governing exciton-phonon interactions and offer ways to control white-light emission in two-dimensional perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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12
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Wu B, Wang A, Fu J, Zhang Y, Yang C, Gong Y, Jiang C, Long M, Zhou G, Yue S, Ma W, Liu X. Uncovering the mechanisms of efficient upconversion in two-dimensional perovskites with anti-Stokes shift up to 220 meV. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9347. [PMID: 37774031 PMCID: PMC10541006 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted photon upconversion holds great potential for numerous applications, e.g., optical refrigeration. However, traditional semiconductors face energy gain limitations due to thermal energy, typically achieving only ~25 milli-electron volts at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate that quasi-two-dimensional perovskites, with a soft hybrid organic-inorganic lattice, can efficiently upconvert photons with an anti-Stokes shift exceeding 200 milli-electron volts. By using microscopic transient absorption measurements and density functional theory calculations, we explicate that the giant energy gain stems from strong lattice fluctuation leading to a picosecond timescale transient band energy renormalization with a large energy variation of around ±180 milli-electron volts at room temperature. The motion of organic molecules drives the deformation of inorganic framework, providing energy and local states necessary for efficient upconversion within a time constant of around 1 ps. These results establish a deep understanding of perovskite-based photon upconversion and offer previously unknown insights into the development of various upconversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Aocheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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13
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Magdaleno AJ, Cutler MM, Suurmond JJ, Meléndez M, Delgado-Buscalioni R, Seitz M, Prins F. Boosting the efficiency of transient photoluminescence microscopy using cylindrical lenses. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14831-14836. [PMID: 37664969 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Transient Photoluminescence Microscopy (TPLM) allows for the direct visualization of carrier transport in semiconductor materials with sub nanosecond and few nanometer resolution. The technique is based on measuring changes in the spatial distribution of a diffraction limited population of carriers using spatiotemporal detection of the radiative decay of the carriers. The spatial resolution of TPLM is therefore primarily determined by the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). Here we present a method using cylindrical lenses to boost the signal acquisition in TPLM experiments. The resulting asymmetric magnification of the photoluminescence emission of the diffraction limited spot can increase the collection efficiency by more than a factor of 10, significantly reducing acquisition times and further boosting spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro J Magdaleno
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercy M Cutler
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesse J Suurmond
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marc Meléndez
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Department of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado-Buscalioni
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Department of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Seitz
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ferry Prins
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Ziegler JD, Cho Y, Terres S, Menahem M, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Yaffe O, Berkelbach TC, Chernikov A. Mobile Trions in Electrically Tunable 2D Hybrid Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210221. [PMID: 36811916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
2D hybrid perovskites are currently in the spotlight of material research for light-harvesting and -emitting applications. It remains extremely challenging, however, to externally control their optical response due to the difficulties of introducing electrical doping. Here, an approach of interfacing ultrathin sheets of perovskites with few-layer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride into gate-tunable, hybrid heterostructures, is demonstrated. It allows for bipolar, continuous tuning of light emission and absorption in 2D perovskites by electrically injecting carriers to densities as high as 1012 cm-2 . This reveals the emergence of both negatively and positively charged excitons, or trions, with binding energies up to 46 meV, among the highest measured for 2D systems. Trions are shown to dominate light emission and propagate with mobilities reaching 200 cm2 V-1 s-1 at elevated temperatures. The findings introduce the physics of interacting mixtures of optical and electrical excitations to the broad family of 2D inorganic-organic nanostructures. The presented strategy to electrically control the optical response of 2D perovskites highlights it as a promising material platform toward electrically modulated light-emitters, externally guided charged exciton currents, and exciton transistors based on layered, hybrid semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D Ziegler
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yeongsu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Sophia Terres
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matan Menahem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, 10010, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Canet-Albiach R, Kreĉmarová M, Bailach JB, Gualdrón-Reyes AF, Rodríguez-Romero J, Gorji S, Pashaei-Adl H, Mora-Seró I, Martínez Pastor JP, Sánchez-Royo JF, Muñoz-Matutano G. Revealing Giant Exciton Fine-Structure Splitting in Two-Dimensional Perovskites Using van der Waals Passivation. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7621-7627. [PMID: 36074722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic layered perovskites are currently some of the most promising 2D van der Waals materials. Low crystal quality usually broadens the exciton line width, obscuring the fine structure of the exciton in conventional photoluminescence experiments. Here, we propose a mechanical approach to reducing the effect of spectral diffusion by means of hBN capping on layered perovskites, revealing the exciton fine structure. We used a stochastic model to link the reduction of the spectral line width with the population of charge fluctuation centers present in the organic spacer. van der Waals forces between both lattices cause the partial clamping of the perovskite organic spacer molecules, and hence the amplitude of the overall spectral diffusion effect is reduced. Our work provides a low-cost solution to the problem of accessing important fine-structure excitonic state information, along with an explanation of the important carrier dynamics present in the organic spacer that affect the quality of the optical emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Canet-Albiach
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie Kreĉmarová
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Bosch Bailach
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés F Gualdrón-Reyes
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Romero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Setatira Gorji
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Hamid Pashaei-Adl
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan P Martínez Pastor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), 46071 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Li XZ, Aihemaiti N, Fang HH, Huang GY, Zhou YK, Wang XJ, Zhang Y, Xing R, Peng S, Bai B, Sun HB. Optical Visualization of Photoexcitation Diffusion in All-Inorganic Perovskite at High Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7645-7652. [PMID: 35959945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic halide perovskites are promising candidates for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices because of their good thermal stability and remarkable optoelectronic properties. Among those properties, carrier transport properties are critical as they inherently dominate the device performance. The transport properties of perovskites have been widely studied at room and lower temperatures, but their high-temperature (i.e., tens of degrees above room temperature) characteristics are not fully understood. Here, the photoexcitation diffusion is optically visualized by transient photoluminescence microscopy (TPLM), through which the temperature-dependent transport characteristics from room temperature to 80 °C are studied in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 single-crystalline microplates. We reveal the decreasing trend of diffusion coefficient and the almost unchanged trend of diffusion length when heating the sample to high temperature. The phonon scattering in combination with the variation of effective mass is proposed for the explanation of the temperature-dependent diffusion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Hong-Hua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guan-Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun-Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Renhao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Benfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Lu J, Zhou C, Chen W, Wang X, Jia B, Wen X. Origin and physical effects of edge states in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites. iScience 2022; 25:104420. [PMID: 35663014 PMCID: PMC9157205 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The edge region of two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites exhibits anomalous properties from the bulk region, including low energy emission and superior capability of dissociating exciton, which is highly beneficial for the optoelectronic devices like solar cells and photodetectors, denoted as “edge states”. In this review, we introduce the recent progress on the edge states that have been focused on the origin and the optoelectronic properties of edge states in 2D RP perovskites. By providing theoretical frameworks and experimental observations, we elucidate the origin of the edge states from two aspects, intrinsic electronic properties and extrinsic structure distortions. Besides, we introduce the physical properties of the edge states and current debating on this topic. Finally, we present an outlook on future research about the edge states of 2D RP perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Lu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia.,South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024 China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia.,Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xin Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
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18
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Karpińska M, Jasiński J, Kempt R, Ziegler JD, Sansom H, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Snaith HJ, Surrente A, Dyksik M, Maude DK, Kłopotowski Ł, Chernikov A, Kuc A, Baranowski M, Plochocka P. Interlayer excitons in MoSe 2/2D perovskite hybrid heterostructures - the interplay between charge and energy transfer. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8085-8095. [PMID: 35611659 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals crystals have opened a new and exciting chapter in heterostructure research, removing the lattice matching constraint characteristics of epitaxial semiconductors. They provide unprecedented flexibility for heterostructure design. Combining two-dimensional (2D) perovskites with other 2D materials, in particular transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), has recently emerged as an intriguing way to design hybrid opto-electronic devices. However, the excitation transfer mechanism between the layers (charge or energy transfer) remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate PEA2PbI4/MoSe2 and (BA)2PbI4/MoSe2 heterostructures by combining optical spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that band alignment facilitates charge transfer. Namely, holes are transferred from TMDs to 2D perovskites, while the electron transfer is blocked, resulting in the formation of interlayer excitons. Moreover, we show that the energy transfer mechanism can be turned on by an appropriate alignment of the excitonic states, providing a rule of thumb for the deterministic control of the excitation transfer mechanism in TMD/2D-perovskite heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karpińska
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jasiński
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - R Kempt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - J D Ziegler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - H Sansom
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - H J Snaith
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - M Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - D K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
| | - Ł Kłopotowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chernikov
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - M Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - P Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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19
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Kurilovich AA, Mantsevich VN, Mardoukhi Y, Stevenson KJ, Chechkin AV, Palyulin VV. Non-Markovian diffusion of excitons in layered perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13941-13950. [PMID: 35621272 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00557c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of excitons in perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides shows clear anomalous, subdiffusive behaviour in experiments. In this paper we develop a non-Markovian mobile-immobile model which provides an explanation of this behaviour through paired theoretical and simulation approaches. The simulation model is based on a random walk on a 2D lattice with randomly distributed deep traps such that the trapping time distribution involves slowly decaying power-law asymptotics. The theoretical model uses coupled diffusion and rate equations for free and trapped excitons, respectively, with an integral term responsible for trapping. The model provides a good fitting of the experimental data, thus, showing a way for quantifying the exciton diffusion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Kurilovich
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Mantsevich
- Chair of Semiconductors and Cryoelectronics & Quantum Technology Center, Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yousof Mardoukhi
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Keith J Stevenson
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei V Chechkin
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Hugo Steinhaus Center, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.,Akhiezer Institute for Theoretical Physics National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology", 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir V Palyulin
- RAIC Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Yu ZG. Omnidirectional exciton diffusion in quasi-2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124706. [PMID: 35364870 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton transport plays a central role in optoelectronic and photonic devices. In quasi-two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs), tightly bound excitons are found to diffuse within 2D layers rapidly with a non-monotonic temperature dependence. Surprisingly, the interlayer exciton diffusion is quite effective as well despite the large interlayer distance. This is in sharp contrast to electron transport, where the interlayer mobility is several orders of magnitude smaller than the intralayer one. Here, we show that the unusual exciton diffusion behaviors can be systematically modeled via the excitonic band structure arising from a long-range dipolar coupling. Coherent exciton motion is interrupted by scattering of impurities at low temperatures and of acoustic/optical phonons at high temperatures. Acoustic and optical phonons modulate the dipole-dipole distance and the dipole orientation, respectively. The ratio of intralayer and interlayer diffusion constants, Dxx/Dzz, is comparable to az/ax with az and ax being the interlayer and intralayer lattice constants of 2D HOIPs, respectively. The efficient and omnidirectional exciton diffusion suggests a great potential of 2D HOIPs in novel excitonic and polaritonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yu
- Sivananthan Laboratories, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, USA
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21
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Otero-Martínez C, Ye J, Sung J, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Xia Z, Rao A, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. Colloidal Metal-Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Thickness-Controlled Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107105. [PMID: 34775643 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) are gaining significant attention for a wide range of optoelectronics applications owing to their exciting properties, such as defect tolerance, near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range. Although the optical properties of MHP NCs are easily tunable through their halide composition, they suffer from light-induced halide phase segregation that limits their use in devices. However, MHPs can be synthesized in the form of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPls) with monolayer (ML)-level thickness control, exhibiting strong quantum confinement effects, and thus enabling tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range by controlling the thickness of bromide or iodide-based lead-halide perovskite NPls. In addition, the NPls exhibit narrow emission peaks, have high exciton binding energies, and a higher fraction of radiative recombination compared to their bulk counterparts, making them ideal candidates for applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This review discusses the state-of-the-art in colloidal MHP NPls: synthetic routes, thickness-controlled synthesis of both organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic MHP NPls, their linear and nonlinear optical properties (including charge-carrier dynamics), and their performance in LEDs. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their thickness-controlled synthesis, environmental and thermal stability, and their application in making efficient LEDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero-Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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22
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Polishchuk S, Puppin M, Crepaldi A, Gatti G, Dirin DN, Nazarenko O, Colonna N, Marzari N, Kovalenko MV, Grioni M, Chergui M. Nanoscale-Resolved Surface-to-Bulk Electron Transport in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1067-1074. [PMID: 35044784 PMCID: PMC8832496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Describing the nanoscale charge carrier transport at surfaces and interfaces is fundamental for designing high-performance optoelectronic devices. To achieve this, we employ time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with ultraviolet pump and extreme ultraviolet probe pulses. The resulting high surface sensitivity reveals an ultrafast carrier population decay associated with surface-to-bulk transport, which was tracked with a sub-nanometer spatial resolution normal to the surface, and on a femtosecond time scale, in the case of the inorganic CsPbBr3 lead halide perovskite. The decay time exhibits a pronounced carrier density dependence, which is attributed via modeling to enhanced diffusive transport and concurrent recombination. The transport is found to approach an ordinary diffusive regime, limited by electron-hole scattering, at the highest excitation fluences. This approach constitutes an important milestone in our capability to probe hot-carrier transport at solid interfaces with sub-nanometer resolution in a theoretically and experimentally challenging, yet technologically relevant, high-carrier-density regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Polishchuk
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Puppin
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Crepaldi
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Gatti
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Olga Nazarenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Grioni
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Seitz M, Meléndez M, York P, Kurtz DA, Magdaleno AJ, Alcázar-Cano N, Kshirsagar AS, Gangishetty MK, Delgado-Buscalioni R, Congreve DN, Prins F. Halide Mixing Inhibits Exciton Transport in Two-dimensional Perovskites Despite Phase Purity. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2022; 7:358-365. [PMID: 35059502 PMCID: PMC8762701 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide mixing is one of the most powerful techniques to tune the optical bandgap of metal-halide perovskites. However, halide mixing has commonly been observed to result in phase segregation, which reduces excited-state transport and limits device performance. While the current emphasis lies on the development of strategies to prevent phase segregation, it remains unclear how halide mixing may affect excited-state transport even if phase purity is maintained. Here, we study exciton transport in phase pure mixed-halide 2D perovskites of (PEA)2Pb(I1-x Br x )4. Using transient photoluminescence microscopy, we show that, despite phase purity, halide mixing inhibits exciton transport. We find a significant reduction even for relatively low alloying concentrations. By performing Brownian dynamics simulations, we are able to reproduce our experimental results and attribute the decrease in diffusivity to the energetically disordered potential landscape that arises due to the intrinsic random distribution of alloying sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seitz
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Rowland
Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marc Meléndez
- Department
of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peyton York
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Daniel A. Kurtz
- Rowland
Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alvaro J. Magdaleno
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Alcázar-Cano
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anuraj S. Kshirsagar
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Gangishetty
- Rowland
Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Rafael Delgado-Buscalioni
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel N. Congreve
- Rowland
Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ferry Prins
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Autonomous
University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Sun Z, Ciarrocchi A, Tagarelli F, Marin JFG, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kis A. Excitonic transport driven by repulsive dipolar interaction in a van der Waals heterostructure. NATURE PHOTONICS 2022; 16:79-85. [PMID: 34992677 PMCID: PMC7612161 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-021-00908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar bosonic gases are currently the focus of intensive research due to their interesting many-body physics in the quantum regime. Their experimental embodiments range from Rydberg atoms to GaAs double quantum wells and van der Waals heterostructures built from transition metal dichalcogenides. Although quantum gases are very dilute, mutual interactions between particles could lead to exotic many-body phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation and high-temperature superfluidity. Here, we report the effect of repulsive dipolar interactions on the dynamics of interlayer excitons in the dilute regime. By using spatial and time-resolved photoluminescence imaging, we observe the dynamics of exciton transport, enabling a direct estimation of the exciton mobility. The presence of interactions significantly modifies the diffusive transport of excitons, effectively acting as a source of drift force and enhancing the diffusion coefficient by one order of magnitude. The repulsive dipolar interactions combined with the electrical control of interlayer excitons opens up appealing new perspectives for excitonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Zhe Sun () and Andras Kis ()
| | - Alberto Ciarrocchi
- Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fedele Tagarelli
- Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan Francisco Gonzalez Marin
- Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Andras Kis
- Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Zhe Sun () and Andras Kis ()
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25
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Wagner K, Zipfel J, Rosati R, Wietek E, Ziegler JD, Brem S, Perea-Causín R, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Glazov MM, Malic E, Chernikov A. Nonclassical Exciton Diffusion in Monolayer WSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:076801. [PMID: 34459627 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.076801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate time-resolved exciton propagation in a monolayer semiconductor at cryogenic temperatures. Monitoring phonon-assisted recombination of dark states, we find a highly unusual case of exciton diffusion. While at 5 K the diffusivity is intrinsically limited by acoustic phonon scattering, we observe a pronounced decrease of the diffusion coefficient with increasing temperature, far below the activation threshold of higher-energy phonon modes. This behavior corresponds neither to well-known regimes of semiclassical free-particle transport nor to the thermally activated hopping in systems with strong localization. Its origin is discussed in the framework of both microscopic numerical and semiphenomenological analytical models illustrating the observed characteristics of nonclassical propagation. Challenging the established description of mobile excitons in monolayer semiconductors, these results open up avenues to study quantum transport phenomena for excitonic quasiparticles in atomically thin van der Waals materials and their heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koloman Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Jonas Zipfel
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Roberto Rosati
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Edith Wietek
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Jonas D Ziegler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Samuel Brem
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Raül Perea-Causín
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgården 1, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | | | - Ermin Malic
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, Marburg D-35032, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgården 1, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Liang M, Lin W, Zhao Q, Zou X, Lan Z, Meng J, Shi Q, Castelli IE, Canton SE, Pullerits T, Zheng K. Free Carriers versus Self-Trapped Excitons at Different Facets of Ruddlesden-Popper Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4965-4971. [PMID: 34014103 PMCID: PMC8279734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical origin of sub-band gap photoluminescence in Ruddlesden-Poppers two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites (LHPs) is still under debate. In this paper, we studied the photoluminescence features from two different facets of 2D LHP single crystals: the in-plane facet (IF) containing the 2D inorganic layers and the facet perpendicular to the 2D layers (PF). At the IF, the free carriers (FCs) dominate due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in a symmetric lattice. At the PF, the strain accumulation along the 2D layers enhances the electron-phonon coupling and facilitates self-trapped exciton (STE) formation. The time-resolved PL studies indicate that free carriers (FCs) at the IF can move freely and display the trapping by the intrinsic defects. The STEs at the PF are not likely trapped by the defects due to the reduced mobility. However, with increasing STE density, the STE transport is promoted, enabling the trapping of STE by the intrinsic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Weihua Lin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhenyun Lan
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qi Shi
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ivano E. Castelli
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Tönu Pullerits
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- (K.Z.)
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27
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Baldwin A, Delport G, Leng K, Chahbazian R, Galkowski K, Loh KP, Stranks SD. Local Energy Landscape Drives Long-Range Exciton Diffusion in Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskite Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4003-4011. [PMID: 33877840 PMCID: PMC8154849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are versatile semiconductors with applications including photovoltaics and light-emitting devices, having modular optoelectronic properties realizable through composition and dimensionality tuning. Layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are particularly interesting due to their unique 2D character and charge carrier dynamics. However, long-range energy transport through exciton diffusion in these materials is not understood or realized. Here, local time-resolved luminescence mapping techniques are employed to visualize exciton transport in exfoliated flakes of the BA2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 perovskite family. Two distinct transport regimes are uncovered, depending on the temperature range. Above 100 K, diffusion is mediated by thermally activated hopping processes between localized states. At lower temperatures, a nonuniform energy landscape emerges in which transport is dominated by downhill energy transfer to lower-energy states, leading to long-range transport over hundreds of nanometers. Efficient, long-range, and switchable downhill transfer offers exciting possibilities for controlled directional long-range transport in these 2D materials for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Kai Leng
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosemonde Chahbazian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Fifth Grudziadzka St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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28
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Gan Z, Cheng Y, Chen W, Loh KP, Jia B, Wen X. Photophysics of 2D Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites: Progress, Debates, and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001843. [PMID: 33747717 PMCID: PMC7967069 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2D organic-inorganic hybrid Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have recently attracted increasing attention due to their excellent environmental stability, high degree of electronic tunability, and natural multiquantum-well structures. Although there is a rapid development of photoelectronic applications in solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers based on 2D RPPs, the state-of-the-art performance is far inferior to that of the existing devices because of the limited understanding on fundamental physics, especially special photophysics in carrier dynamics, excitonic fine structures, excitonic quasiparticles, and spin-related effect. Thus, there is still plenty of room to improve the performances of photoelectronic devices based on 2D RPPs by enhancing knowledge on fundamental photophysics. This review highlights the special photophysics of 2D RPPs that is fundamentally different from the conventional 3D congeners. It also provides the most recent progress, debates, challenges, prospects, and in-depth understanding of photophysics in 2D perovskites, which is significant for not only boosting performance of solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, but also future development of applications in lasers, spintronics, quantum information, and integrated photonic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Gan
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional MaterialsSchool of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial IntelligenceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Yingchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Centre for Translational AtomaterialsFaculty of ScienceEngineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyJohn StreetHawthornVIC3122Australia
- Australian Centre for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistryand Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research CentreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational AtomaterialsFaculty of ScienceEngineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyJohn StreetHawthornVIC3122Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational AtomaterialsFaculty of ScienceEngineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyJohn StreetHawthornVIC3122Australia
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29
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Magdaleno AJ, Seitz M, Frising M, Herranz de la Cruz A, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Prins F. Efficient interlayer exciton transport in two-dimensional metal-halide perovskites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:639-644. [PMID: 34821281 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01723j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal-halide perovskites are attractive for use in light harvesting and light emitting devices, presenting improved stability as compared to the more conventional three-dimensional perovskite phases. Significant attention has been paid to influencing the layer orientation of 2D perovskite phases, with the charge-carrier transport through the plane of the material being orders of magnitude more efficient than the interlayer transport. Importantly though, the thinnest members of the 2D perovskite family exhibit strong exciton binding energies, suggesting that interlayer energy transport mediated by dipole-dipole coupling may be relevant. We present transient microscopy measurements of the interlayer energy transport in the (PEA)2PbI4 perovskite. We find efficient interlayer exciton transport (0.06 cm2 s-1), which translates into a diffusion length that exceeds 100 nm and a sub-ps timescale for energy transfer. While still slower than the in-plane exciton transport (0.2 cm2 s-1), our results show that excitonic energy transport is considerably less anisotropic than charge-carrier transport for 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro J Magdaleno
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Feldstein D, Perea-Causín R, Wang S, Dyksik M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Plochocka P, Malic E. Microscopic Picture of Electron-Phonon Interaction in Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9975-9982. [PMID: 33180499 PMCID: PMC7735742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites have attracted much attention due to their remarkable optical properties. While it is well established that excitons dominate their optical response, the impact of higher excitonic states and formation of phonon sidebands in optical spectra still need to be better understood. Here, we perform a theoretical study of excitonic properties of monolayered hybrid organic perovskites-supported by temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Solving the Wannier equation, we obtain microscopic access to the Rydberg-like series of excitonic states including their wave functions and binding energies. Exploiting the generalized Elliot formula, we calculate the photoluminescence spectra demonstrating a pronounced contribution of a phonon sideband for temperatures up to 50 K, in agreement with experimental measurements. Finally, we predict temperature-dependent line widths of the three energetically lowest excitonic transitions and identify the underlying phonon-driven scattering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feldstein
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Campus
Nord, Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Raül Perea-Causín
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Shuli Wang
- UPR
3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National
des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- UPR
3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National
des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- UPR
3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National
des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ermin Malic
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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