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Petitjean SJL, Eeckhout S, Delguste M, Zhang Q, Durlet K, Alsteens D. Heparin-Induced Allosteric Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Facilitate ACE2 Binding and Viral Entry. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11678-11684. [PMID: 38055954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells is crucial in the battle against COVID-19. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we probed the interaction between the virus's spike protein and heparan sulfate (HS) as a potential attachment factor. Our AFM studies revealed a moderate-affinity interaction between the spike protein and HS on both model surfaces and living cells, highlighting HS's role in early viral attachment. Remarkably, we observed an interplay between HS and the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), with HS engagement resulting in enhanced ACE2 binding and subsequent viral entry. Our research furthers our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and reveals potential interventions targeting viral entry. These insights are valuable as we navigate the evolving landscape of viral threats and seek effective strategies to combat emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J L Petitjean
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant 1348, Belgium
| | - Savannah Eeckhout
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant 1348, Belgium
| | - Martin Delguste
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant 1348, Belgium
| | - Qingrong Zhang
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant 1348, Belgium
| | - Kimberley Durlet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant 1348, Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant 1348, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Walloon Brabant 1300, Belgium
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2
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Zuo J, Chen H, Li H. Two molecule force spectroscopy on ligand-receptor interactions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16581-16589. [PMID: 37740375 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Many biological processes involve the rupture of multiple ligand-receptors or multivalent ligand-receptors. It is challenging to study the rupture of such parallelly arranged multiple ligand-receptors due to the difficulties in engineering such systems in a well-controlled fashion. Here we report the use of two-molecule force spectroscopy to investigate the rupture of two parallelly arranged monomeric streptavidin (mSA)-biotin complexes. By using SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry, we successfully engineered a molecular twin of biotin, in which two biotins are arranged in parallel. By reacting mSA with twin biotin, we constructed parallelly arranged two mSA-biotin complexes for force spectroscopy experiments. The incorporation of single molecule fingerprint domains into our mSA-biotin dimers allowed us to identify and assign the rupture events of the parallelly arranged mSA-biotin complexes without any ambiguity in the two-molecule force spectroscopy experiments. Our results revealed that the rupture force of the parallel dimer mSA-biotin is 172 pN at a pulling speed of 400 nm s-1, which is about 1.6 times of that of single mSA-biotin (105 pN). Furthermore, our findings indicate that the two mSA-biotin behave as non-interacting, independent ligand-receptors. The strategy we demonstrated here can be extended to other ligand-receptors and may open up an avenue toward rigorously testing the theoretic predictions proposed in various models regarding the rupture of multiple parallel ligand-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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3
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Simpson JD, Ray A, Koehler M, Mohammed D, Alsteens D. Atomic force microscopy applied to interrogate nanoscale cellular chemistry and supramolecular bond dynamics for biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5072-5087. [PMID: 35315846 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07200e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding biological interactions at a molecular level grants valuable information relevant to improving medical treatments and outcomes. Among the suite of technologies available, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is unique in its ability to quantitatively probe forces and receptor-ligand interactions in real-time. The ability to assess the formation of supramolecular bonds and intermediates in real-time on surfaces and living cells generates important information relevant to understanding biological phenomena. Combining AFM with fluorescence-based techniques allows for an unprecedented level of insight not only concerning the formation and rupture of bonds, but understanding medically relevant interactions at a molecular level. As the ability of AFM to probe cells and more complex models improves, being able to assess binding kinetics, chemical topographies, and garner spectroscopic information will likely become key to developing further improvements in fields such as cancer, nanomaterials, and virology. The rapid response to the COVID-19 crisis, producing information regarding not just receptor affinities, but also strain-dependent efficacy of neutralizing nanobodies, demonstrates just how viable and integral to the pre-clinical development of information AFM techniques are in this era of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Simpson
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Ankita Ray
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Melanie Koehler
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Danahe Mohammed
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
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Lipke PN, Rauceo JM, Viljoen A. Cell-Cell Mating Interactions: Overview and Potential of Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031110. [PMID: 35163034 PMCID: PMC8835621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is an understatement that mating and DNA transfer are key events for living organisms. Among the traits needed to facilitate mating, cell adhesion between gametes is a universal requirement. Thus, there should be specific properties for the adhesion proteins involved in mating. Biochemical and biophysical studies have revealed structural information about mating adhesins, as well as their specificities and affinities, leading to some ideas about these specialized adhesion proteins. Recently, single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) has added important findings. In SCFS, mating cells are brought into contact in an atomic force microscope (AFM), and the adhesive forces are monitored through the course of mating. The results have shown some remarkable characteristics of mating adhesins and add knowledge about the design and evolution of mating adhesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Lipke
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Correspondence: (P.N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Jason M. Rauceo
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10019, USA;
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4–5, bte L7.07.07, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Correspondence: (P.N.L.); (A.V.)
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Mohammed D, Koehler M, Dumitru AC, Aravamudhan P, Sutherland DM, Dermody TS, Alsteens D. Altered Glycan Expression on Breast Cancer Cells Facilitates Infection by T3 Seroptype Oncolytic Reovirus. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9720-9728. [PMID: 34762801 PMCID: PMC8631336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Although current therapies have increased survival rates for some breast cancer types, other aggressive invasive breast cancers remain difficult to treat. As the onset of breast cancer is often associated with the appearance of extracellular markers, these could be used to better target therapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrated by nanobiophysical approaches that overexpression of α-sialylated glycans in breast cancer provides an opportunity to combat cancer cells with oncolytic reoviruses. Notably, a correlation between cellular glycan expression and the mechanical properties of reovirus attachment and infection is observed in a serotype-dependent manner. Furthermore, we enhance the infectivity of reoviruses in malignant cells by the coinjection of α-sialylated glycans. In conclusion, this study supports both the use of reoviruses as an oncolytic agent in nanomedicine and the role of α-sialylated glycans as adjuvants in oncolysis, offering new perspective in oncolytic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danahe Mohammed
- Louvain
Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Melanie Koehler
- Louvain
Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andra C. Dumitru
- Louvain
Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pavithra Aravamudhan
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, 4401
Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15224 Pennsylvania United States
- Institute
of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15224 Pennsylvania United States
| | - Danica M. Sutherland
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, 4401
Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15224 Pennsylvania United States
- Institute
of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15224 Pennsylvania United States
| | - Terence S. Dermody
- Department
of Pediatrics and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15224 Pennsylvania United States
- Institute
of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15224 Pennsylvania United States
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain
Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Walloon
Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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6
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Nie J, Tian F, Zheng B, Wang Z, Zheng P. Exploration of Metal-Ligand Coordination Bonds in Proteins by Single-molecule Force Spectroscopy. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
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Li M, Xi N, Liu L. Peak force tapping atomic force microscopy for advancing cell and molecular biology. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8358-8375. [PMID: 33913463 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides an exciting tool to detect molecular and cellular behaviors under aqueous conditions. AFM is able to not only visualize the surface topography of the specimens, but also can quantify the mechanical properties of the specimens by force spectroscopy assay. Nevertheless, integrating AFM topographic imaging with force spectroscopy assay has long been limited due to the low spatiotemporal resolution. In recent years, the appearance of a new AFM imaging mode called peak force tapping (PFT) has shattered this limit. PFT allows AFM to simultaneously acquire the topography and mechanical properties of biological samples with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. The practical applications of PFT in the field of life sciences in the past decade have demonstrated the excellent capabilities of PFT in characterizing the fine structures and mechanics of living biological systems in their native states, offering novel possibilities to reveal the underlying mechanisms guiding physiological/pathological activities. In this paper, the recent progress in cell and molecular biology that has been made with the utilization of PFT is summarized, and future perspectives for further progression and biomedical applications of PFT are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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