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Olson KP, Marks LD. What Puts the "Tribo" in Triboelectricity? NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:12299-12306. [PMID: 39288099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
An enduring question in science has been why sliding plays a major role in the triboelectric generation of static electricity-the "tribo" in triboelectricity. We provide here a general explanation which is rooted in established science. When sliding is taking place, there is symmetry breaking due to elastic shear, so the front of the sliding body experiences different elastic strains from the back. Consequently the polarization and associated charges at the front and back are not the same, and the difference between the two leads to current flow similar to the difference in air pressure above and below a plane's wing leading to lift. Specific calculations are provided which show good agreement with prior experimental measurements of size and shape dependencies, and reasonable quantitative agreement with experimental current measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Olson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States of America
| | - Laurence D Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States of America
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2
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Marks LD, Olson KP. Flexoelectricity, Triboelectricity, and Free Interfacial Charges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310546. [PMID: 39183520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectricity has been a topic of some confusion for many years, probably because it is very diverse and some of the fundamental science has not been clear. This is now starting to change. A few years ago, the importance of flexoelectricity at asperities is pointed out. That paper exploited the established physics of compensation of bound surface or interfacial charges without going into detail. The purpose of this paper is to expand further on this, mapping from the established physics of electrostatics with contact potentials and Maxwell's displacement field to the underlying fundamentals of charge transfer in triboelectricity. Examples from the published literature are used to illustrate this. In the discussion, some of the open questions and challenges to the community are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - K P Olson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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3
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Sobarzo JC, Waitukaitis S. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L032108. [PMID: 38632754 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l032108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The tendency of materials to order in triboelectric series has prompted suggestions that contact electrification might have a single, unified underlying description. However, the possibility of "triboelectric cycles," i.e., series that loop back onto themselves, is seemingly at odds with such a coherent description. In this work, we propose that if multiple charge carrying species are at play, both triboelectric series and cycles are possible. We show how series arise naturally if only a single charge carrier species is involved and if the driving mechanism is approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium, and simultaneously, that cycles are forbidden under such conditions. Suspecting multiple carriers might relax the situation, we affirm this is the case by explicit construction of a cycle involving two carriers, and then extend this to show how more complex cycles emerge. Our work highlights the importance of series and cycles towards determining the underlying mechanism(s) and carrier(s) in contact electrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Sobarzo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Scott Waitukaitis
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Cho S, Gaponenko I, Cordero-Edwards K, Barceló-Mercader J, Arias I, Kim D, Lichtensteiger C, Yeom J, Musy L, Kim H, Han SM, Catalan G, Paruch P, Hong S. Switchable tribology of ferroelectrics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:387. [PMID: 38195614 PMCID: PMC10776724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Switchable tribological properties of ferroelectrics offer an alternative route to visualize and control ferroelectric domains. Here, we observe the switchable friction and wear behavior of ferroelectrics using a nanoscale scanning probe-down domains have lower friction coefficients and show slower wear rates than up domains and can be used as smart masks. This asymmetry is enabled by flexoelectrically coupled polarization in the up and down domains under a sufficiently high contact force. Moreover, we determine that this polarization-sensitive tribological asymmetry is widely applicable across various ferroelectrics with different chemical compositions and crystalline symmetry. Finally, using this switchable tribology and multi-pass patterning with a domain-based dynamic smart mask, we demonstrate three-dimensional nanostructuring exploiting the asymmetric wear rates of up and down domains, which can, furthermore, be scaled up to technologically relevant (mm-cm) size. These findings demonstrate that ferroelectrics are electrically tunable tribological materials at the nanoscale for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwoo Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Iaroslav Gaponenko
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States of America
| | | | - Jordi Barceló-Mercader
- LaCàN - Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Irene Arias
- LaCàN - Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Céline Lichtensteiger
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jiwon Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Loïc Musy
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gustau Catalan
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Catalonia
| | - Patrycja Paruch
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Seungbum Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Fatti G, Kim H, Sohn C, Park M, Lim YW, Li Z, Park KI, Szlufarska I, Ko H, Jeong CK, Cho SB. Uncertainty and Irreproducibility of Triboelectricity Based on Interface Mechanochemistry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:166201. [PMID: 37925700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.166201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectrification mechanism is still not understood, despite centuries of investigations. Here, we propose a model showing that mechanochemistry is key to elucidate triboelectrification fundamental properties. Studying contact between gold and silicate glasses, we observe that the experimental triboelectric output is subject to large variations and polarity inversions. First principles analysis shows that electronic transfer is activated by mechanochemistry and the tribopolarity is determined by the termination exposed to contact, depending on the material composition, which can result in different charging at the macroscale. The electron transfer mechanism is driven by the interface barrier dynamics, regulated by mechanical forces. The model provides a unified framework to explain several experimental observations, including the systematic variations in the triboelectric output and the mixed positive-negative "mosaic" charging patterns, and paves the way to the theoretical prediction of the triboelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fatti
- Center of Materials Digitalization, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET), Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwan Sohn
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Won Lim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhuohan Li
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kwi-Il Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Izabela Szlufarska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1595, USA
| | - Hyunseok Ko
- Center of Materials Digitalization, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET), Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Beom Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
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Hou Y, Dong X, Tang W, Li D. Electron Transfer in Contact Electrification under Different Atmospheres Packaged inside TENG. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4970. [PMID: 37512246 PMCID: PMC10382056 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Contact electrification (CE), a common physical phenomenon, is worth discussing. However, there are few reports on the influence of atmosphere on CE, or on the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), based on CE by encapsulating gas inside. Here, we propose physical processes of electron transfer to interpret the impact of the gaseous atmosphere on CE. An atmosphere-filled triboelectric nanogenerator (AF-TENG) encapsulated five different gas-components of air based on the vertical contact separation mode was prepared. The sensitivity (1.02 V·N-1) and the power density (9.63 μW·m-2) of the oxygen-atmosphere-filled AF-TENG were 229.03% and 157.81% higher than these (0.31 V·N-1 and 3.84 μW·m-2) of the nitrogen-atmosphere-filled AF-TENG. As the oxygen atom possesses more atomic energy levels than other atoms, this could act as a "bridge" for more electrons to directly transfer between the two materials. The device package under different atmospheres could not only strengthen understanding of CE and improve the performance of TENG, but also be potentially applicable to prevent and control unnecessary damage caused by static electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Xuanli Dong
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ding Li
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Salvadores Fernandez C, Jaufuraully S, Bagchi B, Chen W, Datta P, Gupta P, David AL, Siassakos D, Desjardins A, Tiwari MK. A Triboelectric Nanocomposite for Sterile Sensing, Energy Harvesting, and Haptic Diagnostics in Interventional Procedures from Surgical Gloves. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202673. [PMID: 36849872 PMCID: PMC10614699 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced interfacial engineering has the potential to enable the successful realization of three features that are particularly important for a variety of healthcare applications: wettability control, antimicrobial activity to reduce infection risks, and sensing of physiological parameters. Here, a sprayable multifunctional triboelectric coating is exploited as a nontoxic, ultrathin tactile sensor that can be integrated directly on the fingertips of surgical gloves. The coating is based on a polymer blend mixed with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, which enables antifouling and antibacterial properties. Additionally, the nanocomposite is superhydrophobic (self-cleaning) and is not cytotoxic. The coating is also triboelectric and can be applied directly onto surgical gloves with printed electrodes. The sensorized gloves so obtained enable mechanical energy harvesting, force sensing, and detection of materials stiffness changes directly from fingertip, which may complement proprioceptive feedback for clinicians. Just as importantly, the sensors also work with a second glove on top offering better reassurance regarding sterility in interventional procedures. As a case study of clinical use for stiffness detection, the sensors demonstrate successful detection of pig anal sphincter injury ex vivo. This may lead to improving the accuracy of diagnosing obstetric anal sphincter injury, resulting in prompt repair, fewer complications, and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Salvadores Fernandez
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Shireen Jaufuraully
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Biswajoy Bagchi
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Priyankan Datta
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Priya Gupta
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Anna L. David
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLLondonW1T 7DNUK
| | - Dimitrios Siassakos
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLLondonW1T 7DNUK
| | - Adrien Desjardins
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Manish K. Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
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Lyu X, Ciampi S. Improving the performances of direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators with surface chemistry. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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