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Zhang X, Zhang F, Yi R, Wang N, Su Z, Zhang M, Zhao B, Li Z, Qu J, M Cairney J, Lu Y, Zhao J, Gan X, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Fu L. Telecom-band multiwavelength vertical emitting quantum well nanowire laser arrays. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:230. [PMID: 39227364 PMCID: PMC11372134 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Highly integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems underpin the development of next-generation advanced optical and quantum communication technologies, which require compact, multiwavelength laser sources at the telecom band. Here, we report on-substrate vertical emitting lasing from ordered InGaAs/InP multi-quantum well core-shell nanowire array epitaxially grown on InP substrate by selective area epitaxy. To reduce optical loss and tailor the cavity mode, a new nanowire facet engineering approach has been developed to achieve controlled quantum well nanowire dimensions with uniform morphology and high crystal quality. Owing to the strong quantum confinement effect of InGaAs quantum wells and the successful formation of a vertical Fabry-Pérot cavity between the top nanowire facet and bottom nanowire/SiO2 mask interface, stimulated emissions of the EH11a/b mode from single vertical nanowires from an on-substrate nanowire array have been demonstrated with a lasing threshold of ~28.2 μJ cm-2 per pulse and a high characteristic temperature of ~128 K. By fine-tuning the In composition of the quantum wells, room temperature, single-mode lasing is achieved in the vertical direction across a broad near-infrared spectral range, spanning from 940 nm to the telecommunication O and C bands. Our research indicates that through a carefully designed facet engineering strategy, highly ordered, uniform nanowire arrays with precise dimension control can be achieved to simultaneously deliver thousands of nanolasers with multiple wavelengths on the same substrate, paving a promising and scalable pathway towards future advanced optoelectronic and photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanlu Zhang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Ruixuan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Naiyin Wang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Su
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Mingwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Bijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Qu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Julie M Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuetao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
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Jansson M, Nosenko VV, Torigoe Y, Nakama K, Yukimune M, Higo A, Ishikawa F, Chen WM, Buyanova IA. High-Performance Multiwavelength GaNAs Single Nanowire Lasers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1477-1484. [PMID: 38166147 PMCID: PMC10795468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report a significant enhancement in the performance of GaNAs-based single nanowire lasers through optimization of growth conditions, leading to a lower lasing threshold and higher operation temperatures. Our analysis reveals that these improvements in the laser performance can be attributed to a decrease in the density of localized states within the material. Furthermore, we demonstrate that owing to their excellent nonlinear optical properties, these nanowires support self-frequency conversion of the stimulated emission through second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG), providing coherent light emission in the cyan-green range. Mode-specific differences in the self-conversion efficiency are revealed and explained by differences in the light extraction efficiency of the converted light caused by the electric field distribution of the fundamental modes. Our work, therefore, facilitates the design and development of multiwavelength coherent light generation and higher-temperature operation of GaNAs nanowire lasers, which will be useful in the fields of optical communications, sensing, and nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Jansson
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping
University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Valentyna V. Nosenko
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping
University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yuto Torigoe
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime
University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kaito Nakama
- Research
Center for Integrated Quantum Electronics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Yukimune
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime
University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Akio Higo
- Systems
Design Lab (d.lab), School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Fumitaro Ishikawa
- Research
Center for Integrated Quantum Electronics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Weimin M. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping
University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Irina A. Buyanova
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping
University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Yue J, Sun X, Wang C, Zhang S, Han L, Wang J, Cui Z, Shi Z, Zhang D, Chen C. Triple-layered optical interconnecting integrated waveguide chip based on epoxy cross-linking fluorinated polymer photonic platform. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19415-19427. [PMID: 37381357 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a triple-layered optical interconnecting integrated waveguide chip was designed and fabricated using an epoxy cross-linking polymer photonic platform. Fluorinated photopolymers FSU-8 and AF-Z-PC EP were self-synthesized as waveguide cores and cladding materials, respectively. The triple-layered optical interconnecting waveguide device comprised 4 × 4 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) -based wavelength-selective switching (WSS) arrays, 4 × 4 multi-mode interference (MMI) -cascaded channel-selective switching (CSS) arrays, and 3 × 3 direct-coupling (DC) interlayered switching arrays. The overall optical polymer waveguide module was fabricated by direct UV writing. For the multilayered WSS arrays, the wavelength-shifting sensitivity was ∼0.48 nm/°C. For the multilayered CSS arrays, the average switching time was ∼280 µs, and the maximum power consumption was <30 mW. For interlayered switching arrays, the extinction ratio approximated 15.2 dB. The transmission loss for the triple-layered optical waveguide chip was measured as 10.0-12.1 dB. The flexible multilayered photonic integrated circuits (PIC) can be used in high-density integrated optical interconnecting systems with a large-volume optical information transmission capacity.
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Zhang X, Yi R, Zhao B, Li C, Li L, Li Z, Zhang F, Wang N, Zhang M, Fang L, Zhao J, Chen P, Lu W, Fu L, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Gan X. Vertical Emitting Nanowire Vector Beam Lasers. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37191338 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the peculiar structured light field with spatially variant polarizations on the same wavefront, vector beams (VBs) have sparked research enthusiasm in developing advanced super-resolution imaging and optical communications techniques. A compact VB nanolaser is intriguing for VB applications in miniaturized photonic integrated circuits. However, determined by the diffraction limit of light, it is a challenge to realize a VB nanolaser in the subwavelength scale because the VB lasing modes should have laterally structured distributions. Here, we demonstrate a VB nanolaser made from a 300 nm thick InGaAs/GaAs nanowire (NW). To select the high-order VB lasing mode, a standing NW as-grown from the selective-area-epitaxial (SAE) growth process is utilized, which has a bottom donut-shaped interface with the silicon oxide growth substrate. With this donut-shaped interface as one of the reflective mirrors of the nanolaser cavity, the VB lasing mode has the lowest threshold. Experimentally, a single-mode VB lasing mode with a donut-shaped amplitude and azimuthally cylindrical polarization distribution is obtained. Together with the high yield and uniformity of the SAE-grown NWs, our work provides a straightforward and scalable path toward cost-effective co-integration of VB nanolasers on potential photonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ruixuan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Bijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Fanlu Zhang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Naiyin Wang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mingwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xuetao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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