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Hilpert F, Liao PC, Franz E, Koch VM, Fromm L, Topraksal E, Görling A, Smith ASA, Barr MKS, Bachmann J, Brummel O, Libuda J. Mechanistic Insight into Solution-Based Atomic Layer Deposition of CuSCN Provided by In Situ and Ex Situ Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19536-19544. [PMID: 37017296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solution-based atomic layer deposition (sALD) processes enable the preparation of thin films on nanostructured surfaces while controlling the film thickness down to a monolayer and preserving the homogeneity of the film. In sALD, a similar operation principle as in gas-phase ALD is used, however, with a broader range of accessible materials and without requiring expensive vacuum equipment. In this work, a sALD process was developed to prepare CuSCN on a Si substrate using the precursors CuOAc and LiSCN. The film growth was studied by ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), analyzed by a neural network (NN) approach, ellipsometry, and a newly developed in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy experiment in combination with density functional theory (DFT). In the self-limiting sALD process, CuSCN grows on top of an initially formed two-dimensional (2D) layer as three-dimensional spherical nanoparticles with an average size of ∼25 nm and a narrow particle size distribution. With increasing cycle number, the particle density increases and larger particles form via Ostwald ripening and coalescence. The film grows preferentially in the β-CuSCN phase. Additionally, a small fraction of the α-CuSCN phase and defect sites form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hilpert
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evanie Franz
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa M Koch
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Fromm
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ece Topraksal
- PULS Group Physik Department, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Germany Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bos̆ković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana-Sunc Ana Smith
- PULS Group Physik Department, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Germany Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bos̆ković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Santinacci L. Atomic layer deposition: an efficient tool for corrosion protection. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Barr MKS, Nadiri S, Chen DH, Weidler PG, Bochmann S, Baumgart H, Bachmann J, Redel E. Solution Atomic Layer Deposition of Smooth, Continuous, Crystalline Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:9836-9843. [PMID: 36439317 PMCID: PMC9686130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a procedure has been established for the growth of surface-anchored metal-organic framework (SURMOF) copper(II) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (Cu-BDC) thin films of thickness control with single molecule accuracy. For this, we exploit the novel method solution atomic layer deposition (sALD). The sALD growth rate has been determined at 4.5 Å per cycle. The compact and dense SURMOF films grown at room temperature by sALD possess a vastly superior film thickness uniformity than those deposited by conventional solution-based techniques, such as dipping and spraying while featuring clear crystallinity from 100 nm thickness. The highly controlled layer-by-layer growth mechanism of sALD proves crucial to prevent unwanted side reactions such as Ostwald ripening or detrimental island growth, ensuring continuous Cu-BDC film coverage. This successful demonstration of sALD-grown compact continuous Cu-BDC SURMOF films is a paradigm change and provides a key advancement enabling a multitude of applications that require continuous and ultrathin coatings while maintaining tight film thickness specifications, which were previously unattainable with conventional solution-based growth methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïssa K. S. Barr
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Soheila Nadiri
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter G. Weidler
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bochmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Baumgart
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
- Applied
Research Center at Jefferson Labs, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Engelbert Redel
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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4
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Tolstoy VP, Golubeva AA, Kolomina EO, Navolotskaya DV, Ermakov SS. New Chemoresistive Gas Sensors with Active Elements Prepared by Layer-by-Layer Chemical Assembly with the Participation of Reagent Solutions and Their Analytical Capabilities. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Ko BG, Nguyen CT, Gu B, Khan MR, Park K, Oh H, Park J, Shong B, Lee HBR. Growth modulation of atomic layer deposition of HfO 2 by combinations of H 2O and O 3 reactants. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17935-17944. [PMID: 34821888 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin film deposition technique based on self-saturated reactions between a precursor and reactant vacuum conditions. A typical ALD reaction consists of the first half-reaction of the precursor and the second half-reaction of the counter reactant, in which the terminal groups on the surface change after each half-reaction. In this study, the effects of counter reactants on the surface termination and growth characteristics of ALD HfO2 thin films formed on Si substrates using tetrakis(dimethylamino)-hafnium (TDMAH) as a precursor were investigated. Two counter reactants, H2O and O3, were individually employed, as well as in combination with consecutive exposure by H2O-O3 and O3-H2O. The film growth behaviors and properties differed when the sequence of exposure of the substrate to the reactants was varied. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the changes are attributed to the effects of the surface terminations formed from different counter reactant combinations. The knowledge from this work could provide insight for precisely tuning the growth and properties of ALD films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Guk Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Chi Thang Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Bonwook Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Kunwoo Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, Korea
| | - Hongjun Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, Korea
| | - Bonggeun Shong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
| | - Han-Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
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Cao Y, Zhu S, Bachmann J. HfS 2 thin films deposited at room temperature by an emerging technique, solution atomic layer deposition. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13066-13072. [PMID: 34581330 PMCID: PMC8477444 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01232k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a member of the two-dimensional metal dichalcogenide family, HfS2 has emerged as a promising material for various optoelectronic applications. Atomic layer deposition is widely used in microelectronics manufacturing with unique properties in terms of accurate thickness control and high conformality. In this work, a simple and versatile method based on the atomic layer deposition principles is presented to generate hafnium disulfide from the solution phase ('solution ALD' or sALD). For ease of comparison with the traditional gaseous atomic layer deposition (gALD) method, the same precursors are used, namely tetrakis-(dimethylamido) hafnium(IV) and H2S. The deposit is characterized on several different oxide substrates by spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the saturated regime, the growth rate depends on the substrate nature and is between 0.4 and 0.6 Å per sALD cycle. This growth rate determined at room temperature is lower than with the gALD process reported at 100 °C recently. At those low deposition temperatures, the films remain in an amorphous state. This success in sALD expands the range of material classes available by the new method, adding transition metal dichalcogenides to the list containing oxides, cubic sulfides, hydrides, and organics so far. It promises to overcome the precursor constraints associated with the traditional gALD method, in particular the volatility requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), Interdisciplinary Center of Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sha Zhu
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), Interdisciplinary Center of Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), Interdisciplinary Center of Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
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7
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Graniel O, Puigmartí-Luis J, Muñoz-Rojas D. Liquid atomic layer deposition as emergent technology for the fabrication of thin films. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6373-6381. [PMID: 34002750 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is widely recognized as a unique chemical vapor deposition technique for the fabrication of thin films with high conformality and precise thickness control down to the Ångstrom level, thereby allowing surface and interface nanoengineering. However, several challenges such as the availability of chemical precursors for ALD and the use of vacuum conditions have hampered its widespread adoption and scalability for mass production. In recent years, the liquid phase homolog of ALD, liquid atomic layer deposition (LALD), has emerged as a much simpler and versatile strategy to overcome some of the current constraints of ALD. This perspective describes the different strategies that have been explored to achieve conformality and sub-nanometer thickness control with LALD, as well as the current challenges it faces to become a part of the thin-film community toolbox, in particular its automation and compatibility with different types of substrates. In this regard, the important role of LALD as complementary technology to ALD is emphasized by comparing the different pathways to deposit the same material and the precursors used to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Graniel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, 08028 Barcelona, Spain and ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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8
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Zhao Y, Lu R, Wang X, Huai X, Wang C, Wang Y, Chen S. Visible light-induced antibacterial and osteogenic cell proliferation properties of hydrogenated TiO 2 nanotubes/Ti foil composite. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:195101. [PMID: 33513586 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We successfully fabricated the hydrogenated TiO2 nanotubes/Ti foil (H-TNTs/f-Ti) composite via one-step anodization and two-step annealing. H-TNTs/f-Ti composite had a higher visible light-induced photoelectric response and more hydroxyl functional groups compared with Ti foil and unmodified TiO2 nanotubes/Ti foil composite, which contributed to limiting the proliferation of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, promoting the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cell on the hydroxylated surface, and improving the biocompatibility with osteogenic cells. Our study provides a simple and effective method for significantly improving dental implant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Lu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Huai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuji Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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9
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Taniguchi A, Kubota Y, Matsushita N, Ishii K, Uchikoshi T. Solution-mediated nanometric growth of α-Fe 2O 3 with electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3933-3941. [PMID: 36132758 PMCID: PMC9417511 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a simple, low-temperature, and environmentally friendly aqueous route for the layer-by-layer nanometric growth of crystalline α-Fe2O3. The formation mechanism involves alternative sequences of the electrostatic adsorption of Fe2+ ions on the surface and the subsequent onsite oxidation to Fe3+. A combination analysis of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that α-Fe2O3 is directly formed without post-growth annealing via designed chemical reactions with a growth rate of ca. 1.7 nm per deposition cycle. The obtained α-Fe2O3 layer exhibits electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation and, at the same time, insignificant photo-electrocatalytic response, indicating its defective nature. The electrocatalytic activity was tailored by annealing up to 500 °C in air, where thermal diffusion of Sn4+ into the α-Fe2O3 lattice from the substrate probably provides an increased electrical conductivity. The subsequent surface-modification with Ni(OH)2 lowers the overpotential (250 mV at 0.5 mA cm-2) in a 1 M KOH solution. These findings open direct growth pathways to functional metal oxide nanolayers via liquid phase atomic layer deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Yuta Kubota
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Matsushita
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Kento Ishii
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Uchikoshi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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10
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De Coster V, Poelman H, Dendooven J, Detavernier C, Galvita VV. Designing Nanoparticles and Nanoalloys for Gas-Phase Catalysis with Controlled Surface Reactivity Using Colloidal Synthesis and Atomic Layer Deposition. Molecules 2020; 25:E3735. [PMID: 32824236 PMCID: PMC7464189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported nanoparticles are commonly applied in heterogeneous catalysis. The catalytic performance of these solid catalysts is, for a given support, dependent on the nanoparticle size, shape, and composition, thus necessitating synthesis techniques that allow for preparing these materials with fine control over those properties. Such control can be exploited to deconvolute their effects on the catalyst's performance, which is the basis for knowledge-driven catalyst design. In this regard, bottom-up synthesis procedures based on colloidal chemistry or atomic layer deposition (ALD) have proven successful in achieving the desired level of control for a variety of fundamental studies. This review aims to give an account of recent progress made in the two aforementioned synthesis techniques for the application of controlled catalytic materials in gas-phase catalysis. For each technique, the focus goes to mono- and bimetallic materials, as well as to recent efforts in enhancing their performance by embedding colloidal templates in porous oxide phases or by the deposition of oxide overlayers via ALD. As a recent extension to the latter, the concept of area-selective ALD for advanced atomic-scale catalyst design is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentijn De Coster
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (V.D.C.); (H.P.)
| | - Hilde Poelman
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (V.D.C.); (H.P.)
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (V.D.C.); (H.P.)
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11
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Le Monnier BP, Wells F, Talebkeikhah F, Luterbacher JS. Atomic Layer Deposition on Dispersed Materials in Liquid Phase by Stoichiometrically Limited Injections. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904276. [PMID: 31709633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a well-established vapor-phase technique for depositing thin films with high conformality and atomically precise control over thickness. Its industrial development has been largely confined to wafers and low-surface-area materials because deposition on high-surface-area materials and powders remains extremely challenging. Challenges with such materials include long deposition times, extensive purging cycles, and requirements for large excesses of precursors and expensive low-pressure equipment. Here, a simple solution-phase deposition process based on subsequent injections of stoichiometric quantities of precursor is performed using common laboratory synthesis equipment. Precisely measured precursor stoichiometries avoid any unwanted reactions in solution and ensure layer-by-layer growth with the same precision as gas-phase ALD, without any excess precursor or purging required. Identical coating qualities are achieved when comparing this technique to Al2 O3 deposition by fluidized-bed reactor ALD (FBR-ALD). The process is easily scaled up to coat >150 g of material using the same inexpensive laboratory glassware without any loss in coating quality. This technique is extended to sulfides and phosphates and can achieve coatings that are not possible using classic gas-phase ALD, including the deposition of phosphates with inexpensive but nonvolatile phosphoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Le Monnier
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederick Wells
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Talebkeikhah
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy S Luterbacher
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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She Y, Goodman ED, Lee J, Diroll BT, Cargnello M, Shevchenko EV, Berman D. Block-Co-polymer-Assisted Synthesis of All Inorganic Highly Porous Heterostructures with Highly Accessible Thermally Stable Functional Centers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30154-30162. [PMID: 31353888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a simple approach for the design of highly porous multicomponent heterostructures by infiltration of block-co-polymer templates with inorganic precursors in swelling solvents followed by gas-phase sequential infiltration synthesis and thermal annealing. This approach can prepare conformal coatings, free-standing membranes, and powders consisting of uniformly sized metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) well dispersed in a porous oxide matrix. We employed this new, versatile synthetic concept to synthesize catalytically active heterostructures of uniformly dispersed ∼4.3 nm PdO nanoparticles accessible through three-dimensional pore networks of the alumina support. Importantly, such materials reveal high resistance against sintering at 800 °C, even at relatively high loadings of NPs (∼10 wt %). At the same time, such heterostructures enable high mass transport due to highly interconnected nature of the pores. The surface of synthesized nanoparticles in the porous matrix is highly accessible, which enables their good catalytic performance in methane and carbon monoxide oxidation. In addition, we demonstrate that this approach can be utilized to synthesize heterostructures consisting of different types of NPs on a highly porous support. Our results show that swelling-based infiltration provides a promising route toward the robust and scalable synthesis of multicomponent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong She
- Materials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Emmett D Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jihyung Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Elena V Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Diana Berman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
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Kundrata I, Fröhlich K, Vančo L, Mičušík M, Bachmann J. Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1443-1451. [PMID: 31431856 PMCID: PMC6664408 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithiated thin films are necessary for the fabrication of novel solid-state batteries, including the electrodes and solid electrolytes. Physical vapour deposition and chemical vapour deposition can be used to deposit lithiated films. However, the issue of conformality on non-planar substrates with large surface area makes them impractical for nanobatteries the capacity of which scales with surface area. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) avoids these issues and is able to deposit conformal films on 3D substrates. However, ALD is limited in the range of chemical reactions, due to the required volatility of the precursors. Moreover, relatively high temperatures are necessary (above 100 °C), which can be detrimental to electrode layers and substrates, for example to silicon into which the lithium can easily diffuse. In addition, several highly reactive precursors, such as Grignard reagents or n-butyllithium (BuLi) are only usable in solution. In theory, it is possible to use BuLi and water in solution to produce thin films of LiH. This theoretical reaction is self-saturating and, therefore, follows the principles of solution atomic layer deposition (sALD). Therefore, in this work the sALD technique and principles have been employed to experimentally prove the possibility of LiH deposition. The formation of homogeneous air-sensitive thin films, characterized by using ellipsometry, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), in situ quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning electron microscopy, was observed. Lithium hydride diffraction peaks have been observed in as-deposited films by GIXRD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger spectroscopy analysis show the chemical identity of the decomposing air-sensitive films. Despite the air sensitivity of BuLi and LiH, making many standard measurements difficult, this work establishes the use of sALD to deposit LiH, a material inaccessible to conventional ALD, from precursors and at temperatures not suitable for conventional ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kundrata
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept. Chemie and Pharmacy, Chair ”Chemistry of Thin Film Materials”, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Application SAS, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Fröhlich
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Application SAS, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Vančo
- STU Centre for Nanodiagnostics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Vazovova 5, 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept. Chemie and Pharmacy, Chair ”Chemistry of Thin Film Materials”, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Remarkable improvement in low temperature performance of model three-way catalysts through solution atomic layer deposition. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wu HC, Chen CS, Yang CM, Tsai MC, Lee JF. Decomposition of Large Cu Crystals into Ultrasmall Particles Using Chemical Vapor Deposition and Their Application in Selective Propylene Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38547-38557. [PMID: 30360110 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel application of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in which the calcination and reduction of Cu(thd)2 deposited onto 4.9 wt % Cu/SiO2 induces significant decomposition of 28 nm crystalline Cu into ultrasmall ∼2 nm particles (5.1 wt % Cu/SiO2). The Cu loading slightly increased, but the particle size dramatically decreased. The deposition of Cu(thd)2 onto the Cu surface can initially affect the size reduction of the metallic Cu particles due to charge transfer between Cu(thd)2 and the Cu surface. Thermal treatments, including calcination in air and reduction in H2, can further influence the Cu particle decomposition. The mechanism of change in the Cu particle decomposition was investigated by a variety of experiments, such as X-ray diffraction and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. CVD treatment of Cu/SiO2 can create Cu-rich sites, which effectively enhance the conversion and acrolein yield in selective propylene oxidation. The intermediate associated with propylene oxidation on the Cu catalysts was also examined by IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Wu
- Center for General Education , Chang Gung University , 259, Wen-Hua 1st Road , Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302 , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Shiun Chen
- Center for General Education , Chang Gung University , 259, Wen-Hua 1st Road , Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302 , Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou, 5 Fusing Street , Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302 , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Min Yang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan, Republic of China
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