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Wu R, Zhang H, Ma H, Zhao B, Li W, Chen Y, Liu J, Liang J, Qin Q, Qi W, Chen L, Li J, Li B, Duan X. Synthesis, Modulation, and Application of Two-Dimensional TMD Heterostructures. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39189449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures have attracted a lot of attention due to their rich material diversity and stack geometry, precise controllability of structure and properties, and potential practical applications. These heterostructures not only overcome the inherent limitations of individual materials but also enable the realization of new properties through appropriate combinations, establishing a platform to explore new physical and chemical properties at micro-nano-pico scales. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest research progress in the synthesis, modulation, and application of 2D TMD heterostructures. We first introduce the latest techniques for fabricating 2D TMD heterostructures, examining the rationale, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of each strategy. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of characteristic modulation in 2D TMD heterostructures and discuss some approaches to achieve novel functionalities. Then, we summarize the representative applications of 2D TMD heterostructures. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives in the synthesis and device fabrication of 2D TMD heterostructures and provide some feasible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Wu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huifang Ma
- Innovation Center for Gallium Oxide Semiconductor (IC-GAO), National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technologies, College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianteng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jingyi Liang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiuyin Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weixu Qi
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bo Li
- Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xidong Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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2
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Santosh R, Chandra S, Kumar V, Tripathi BMM, Kumar P. The structural, stability, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of MoX 2 (X= S, Se, and Te) under hydrostatic pressures: a plasmon approach and first-principle study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:99. [PMID: 38462593 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The new equations have been developed for the structural and electronic properties using the plasmon calculations for the first time for 2-D MoX2 structures. Literature shows still an extensive study is required on the stability and optical properties of MoX2 under different hydrostatic pressures and thermal properties under different temperatures using the first principles, for electronic industrial applications. The stability is analyzed using binding energy and phonon calculations. The phase transition of metallization of MoX2 is discussed using band structure calculations under different hydrostatic pressures. The calculated work function shows the photoemission starts from the threshold frequency of 4.189×104 cm-1, 3.184×104 cm-1, and 3.651×104 cm-1, respectively, for MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 materials. The optical properties such as refractive index n(0), and static dielectric permittivity ε(0) for three successive materials are calculated under different hydrostatic pressures, applicable for optoelectronic applications. The calculated theoretical and computational values agree well with each other and also agree with reported and experimental values. Some of the values are calculated for the first time. METHODS The theoretical equations are derived using the molecular weight, effective valence electrons, and density of molecule of MoX2 structures. The simulation work is performed using GGA-PBE approximation in the CASTEP simulation package with DFT+D semi-empirical dispersion correction. An ultra-soft pseudopotential representation calculates the electronic and optical properties with a finite basis set kinetic energy cut-off of 381.0 eV. Each geometry has been optimized using Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfarb, and Shanno's (BFGS) algorithm for 100 iterations with a fixed basis quality variable cell method and finite electronic minimization parameters. The phonon calculations were performed using TDFT with a kinetic energy cut of 460 eV in a norm-conserving linear response method. The interpolation with a finite dispersion quality and q-vector grid spacing is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santosh
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha College of Engineering, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India.
- Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jonnada, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, 535005, India.
| | - S Chandra
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, India
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - B M M Tripathi
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha College of Engineering, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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3
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Ra HS, Lee SH, Jeong SJ, Cho S, Lee JS. Advances in Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Devices: Materials, Properties, Conduction Mechanisms, Device Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300245. [PMID: 37330655 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently been spotlighted for next-generation electronic and photoelectric device applications. TMD materials with high carrier mobility have superior electronic properties different from bulk semiconductor materials. 0D quantum dots (QDs) possess the ability to tune their bandgap by composition, diameter, and morphology, which allows for a control of their light absorbance and emission wavelength. However, QDs exhibit a low charge carrier mobility and the presence of surface trap states, making it difficult to apply them to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, 0D/2D hybrid structures are considered as functional materials with complementary advantages that may not be realized with a single component. Such advantages allow them to be used as both transport and active layers in next-generation optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors, image sensors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. Here, recent discoveries related to multicomponent hybrid materials are highlighted. Research trends in electronic and optoelectronic devices based on hybrid heterogeneous materials are also introduced and the issues to be solved from the perspective of the materials and devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Ra
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering and Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sang-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering and Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Jin Jeong
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering and Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinyoung Cho
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering and Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering and Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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4
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Soni A, Kushavah D, Lu LS, Chang WH, Pal SK. Efficient Multiple Exciton Generation in Monolayer MoS 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2965-2972. [PMID: 36939637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of the excess energy of photoexcitation that is otherwise lost as thermal effects can improve the efficiency of next-generation light-harvesting devices. Multiple exciton generation (MEG) in semiconducting materials yields two or more excitons by absorbing a single high-energy photon, which can break the Shockley-Queisser limit for the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Recently, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as promising light-harvesting materials because of their high absorption coefficient. Here, we report efficient MEGs with low threshold energy and high (86%) efficiency in a van der Waals (vdW) layered material, MoS2. Through different experimental approaches, we demonstrate the signature of exciton multiplication and discuss the possible origin of decisive MEG in monolayer MoS2. Our results reveal that vdW-layered materials could be a potential candidate for developing mechanically flexible and highly efficient next-generation solar cells and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Soni
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dushyant Kushavah
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Li-Syuan Lu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
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5
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Askari MB, Salarizadeh P, Veisi P, Samiei E, Saeidfirozeh H, Tourchi Moghadam MT, Di Bartolomeo A. Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides in Electrochemical Batteries and Solar Cells. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:691. [PMID: 36985098 PMCID: PMC10058047 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The advent of new nanomaterials has resulted in dramatic developments in the field of energy production and storage. Due to their unique structure and properties, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are the most promising from the list of materials recently introduced in the field. The amazing progress in the use TMDs for energy storage and production inspired us to review the recent research on TMD-based catalysts and electrode materials. In this report, we examine TMDs in a variety of electrochemical batteries and solar cells with special focus on MoS2 as the most studied and used TMD material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Askari
- Department of Semiconductor, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman P.O. Box 7631818356, Iran
| | - Parisa Salarizadeh
- High-Temperature Fuel Cell Research Department, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan P.O. Box 7718897111, Iran
| | - Payam Veisi
- Applied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan P.O. Box 45195-313, Iran
| | - Elham Samiei
- Department of Photonics, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman P.O. Box 7631818356, Iran
| | - Homa Saeidfirozeh
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Physics “E. R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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6
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Giri A, Park G, Jeong U. Layer-Structured Anisotropic Metal Chalcogenides: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modulation, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3329-3442. [PMID: 36719999 PMCID: PMC10103142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unique electronic and catalytic properties emerging from low symmetry anisotropic (1D and 2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) have generated tremendous interest for use in next generation electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical energy storage devices, and chemical sensing devices. Despite many proof-of-concept demonstrations so far, the full potential of anisotropic chalcogenides has yet to be investigated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, property modulation strategies, and applications of the anisotropic chalcogenides. It begins with an introduction to the basic crystal structures, and then the unique physical and chemical properties of 1D and 2D MCs. Controlled synthetic routes for anisotropic MC crystals are summarized with example advances in the solution-phase synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and exfoliation. Several important approaches to modulate dimensions, phases, compositions, defects, and heterostructures of anisotropic MCs are discussed. Recent significant advances in applications are highlighted for electronics, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing platforms, and thermoelectric devices. The article ends with prospects for future opportunities and challenges to be addressed in the academic research and practical engineering of anisotropic MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP-211002, India
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea.,Functional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwahakdanji-ro 137-41, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea
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7
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Kangsabanik J, Svendsen MK, Taghizadeh A, Crovetto A, Thygesen KS. Indirect Band Gap Semiconductors for Thin-Film Photovoltaics: High-Throughput Calculation of Phonon-Assisted Absorption. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19872-19883. [PMID: 36270007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of high-performance materials remains one of the most active areas in photovoltaics (PV) research. Indirect band gap materials form the largest part of the semiconductor chemical space, but predicting their suitability for PV applications from first-principles calculations remains challenging. Here, we propose a computationally efficient method to account for phonon-assisted absorption across the indirect band gap and use it to screen 127 experimentally known binary semiconductors for their potential as thin-film PV absorbers. Using screening descriptors for absorption, carrier transport, and nonradiative recombination, we identify 28 potential candidate materials. The list, which contains 20 indirect band gap semiconductors, comprises well-established (3), emerging (16), and previously unexplored (9) absorber materials. Most of the new compounds are anion-rich chalcogenides (TiS3 and Ga2Te5) and phosphides (PdP2, CdP4, MgP4, and BaP3) containing homoelemental bonds and represent a new frontier in PV materials research. Our work highlights the previously underexplored potential of indirect band gap materials for optoelectronic thin-film technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiban Kangsabanik
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mark Kamper Svendsen
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alireza Taghizadeh
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Crovetto
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian S Thygesen
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Zhang L, Cui Z. Strain Effects on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Blue Phosphorene. Front Chem 2022; 10:951870. [PMID: 35873045 PMCID: PMC9300916 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.951870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolayer blue phosphorene (BlueP) systems were investigated under biaxial strain range from −10% to +10%. All these systems exhibit excellent stability, accompanying changes in the electronic and optical properties. BlueP becomes metallic at −10% strain and transforms into a direct semiconductor at 10% strain while maintaining indirect semiconductor behaviors at −8% to +8% strain. The bandgap of BlueP decreases linearly with strain, and tensile strain exhibits a more moderate bandgap modulation than compressive strain. The real part of the dielectric function of BlueP is enhanced under compressive strain, while the optical absorption in the visible and the infrared light regions increases significantly under tensile strain. The maximum absorption coefficient of 0.52 ×105/cm occurs at 530 nm with the 10% strain. Our analysis indicates that the semiconductor–metal transition and the indirect–direct bandgap transition are the competition results of the energy states near the Fermi level under a massive strain. The potent compressive strain leads the py orbitals of the conduction band to move downward and pass through the Fermi level at the K point. The robust tensile strain guides the energy states at the Γ point to approach the Fermi level and become the band edges. Our results suggest that the energy storage capacity of BlueP can be significantly improved by compressive strain, while the visible light photocatalytic performance is enhanced by tensile strains of less than 8%. Our works provide a reference for the practical applications of BlueP in photocatalyst, photovoltaic cells, and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Cui,
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9
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Fabrication of near-invisible solar cell with monolayer WS 2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11315. [PMID: 35787666 PMCID: PMC9253307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed a near-invisible solar cell through a precise control of the contact barrier between an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2), grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The contact barrier between WS2 and ITO was controlled by coating various thin metals on top of ITO (Mx/ITO) and inserting a thin layer of WO3 between Mx/ITO and the monolayer WS2, which resulted in a drastic increase in the Schottky barrier height (up to 220 meV); this could increase the efficiency of the charge carrier separation in our Schottky-type solar cell. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell with the optimized electrode (WO3/Mx/ITO) was more than 1000 times that of a device using a normal ITO electrode. Large-scale fabrication of the solar cell was also investigated, which revealed that a simple size expansion with large WS2 crystals and parallel long electrodes could not improve the total power (PT) obtained from the complete device even with an increase in the device area; this can be explained by the percolation theory. This problem was addressed by reducing the aspect ratio (width/channel length) of the unit device structure to a value lower than a critical threshold. By repeating the experiments on this optimized unit device with an appropriate number of series and parallel connections, PT could be increased up to 420 pW from a 1-cm2 solar cell with a very high value (79%) of average visible transmission (AVT).
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Jayan K D. High‐Efficiency Non‐Toxic 2‐Terminal and 4‐Terminal Perovskite‐Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Tandem Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Jayan K
- Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous) Rajagiri Valley Kakkanad Kochi Kerala 682039 India
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11
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Ra HS, Ahn J, Jang J, Kim TW, Song SH, Jeong MH, Lee SH, Yoon T, Yoon TW, Kim S, Taniguch T, Watanabe K, Song YJ, Lee JS, Hwang DK. An Asymmetry Field-Effect Phototransistor for Solving Large Exciton Binding Energy of 2D TMDCs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107468. [PMID: 34865265 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The probing of fundamental photophysics is a key prerequisite for the construction of diverse optoelectronic devices and circuits. To date, though, photocarrier dynamics in 2D materials remains unclear, plagued primarily by two issues: a large exciton binding energy, and the lack of a suitable system that enables the manipulation of excitons. Here, a WSe2 -based phototransistor with an asymmetric split-gate configuration is demonstrated, which is named the "asymmetry field-effect phototransistor" (AFEPT). This structure allows for the effective modulation of the electric-field profile across the channel, thereby providing a standard device platform for exploring the photocarrier dynamics of the intrinsic WSe2 layer. By controlling the electric field, this work the spatial evolution of the photocurrent is observed, notably with a strong signal over the entire WSe2 channel. Using photocurrent and optical spectroscopy measurements, the physical origin of the novel photocurrent behavior is clarified and a room-temperature exciton binding energy of 210 meV is determined with the device. In the phototransistor geometry, lateral p-n junctions serve as a simultaneous pathway for both photogenerated electrons and holes, reducing their recombination rate and thus enhancing photodetection. The study establishes a new device platform for both fundamental studies and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Ra
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Jang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Jeong
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegeun Yoon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tea Woong Yoon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Taniguch
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Young Jae Song
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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12
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Sett S, Parappurath A, Gill NK, Chauhan N, Ghosh A. Engineering sensitivity and spectral range of photodetection in van der Waals materials and hybrids. NANO EXPRESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac46b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Exploration of van der Waals heterostructures in the field of optoelectronics has produced photodetectors with very high bandwidth as well as ultra-high sensitivity. Appropriate engineering of these heterostructures allows us to exploit multiple light-to-electricity conversion mechanisms, ranging from photovoltaic, photoconductive to photogating processes. These mechanisms manifest in different sensitivity and speed of photoresponse. In addition, integrating graphene-based hybrid structures with photonic platforms provides a high gain-bandwidth product, with bandwidths ≫1 GHz. In this review, we discuss the progression in the field of photodetection in 2D hybrids. We emphasize the physical mechanisms at play in diverse architectures and discuss the origin of enhanced photoresponse in hybrids. Recent developments in 2D photodetectors based on room temperature detection, photon-counting ability, integration with Si and other pressing issues, that need to be addressed for these materials to be integrated with industrial standards have been discussed.
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High-specific-power flexible transition metal dichalcogenide solar cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7034. [PMID: 34887383 PMCID: PMC8660876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for flexible high-specific-power photovoltaics due to their ultrahigh optical absorption coefficients, desirable band gaps and self-passivated surfaces. However, challenges such as Fermi-level pinning at the metal contact–TMD interface and the inapplicability of traditional doping schemes have prevented most TMD solar cells from exceeding 2% power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, fabrication on flexible substrates tends to contaminate or damage TMD interfaces, further reducing performance. Here, we address these fundamental issues by employing: (1) transparent graphene contacts to mitigate Fermi-level pinning, (2) MoOx capping for doping, passivation and anti-reflection, and (3) a clean, non-damaging direct transfer method to realize devices on lightweight flexible polyimide substrates. These lead to record PCE of 5.1% and record specific power of 4.4 W g−1 for flexible TMD (WSe2) solar cells, the latter on par with prevailing thin-film solar technologies cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, amorphous silicon and III-Vs. We further project that TMD solar cells could achieve specific power up to 46 W g−1, creating unprecedented opportunities in a broad range of industries from aerospace to wearable and implantable electronics. Ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold promise for next-generation lightweight photovoltaics. Here, the authors demonstrate the first flexible high power-per-weight TMD solar cells with notably improved power conversion efficiency.
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Ahn J, Ko K, Kyhm JH, Ra HS, Bae H, Hong S, Kim DY, Jang J, Kim TW, Choi S, Kang JH, Kwon N, Park S, Ju BK, Poon TC, Park MC, Im S, Hwang DK. Near-Infrared Self-Powered Linearly Polarized Photodetection and Digital Incoherent Holography Using WSe 2/ReSe 2 van der Waals Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17917-17925. [PMID: 34677045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive photodetection has attracted considerable attention as an emerging technology for future optoelectronic applications such as three-dimensional (3D) imaging, quantum optics, and encryption. However, traditional photodetectors based on Si or III-V InGaAs semiconductors cannot directly detect polarized light without additional optical components. Herein, we demonstrate a self-powered linear-polarization-sensitive near-infrared (NIR) photodetector using a two-dimensional WSe2/ReSe2 van der Waals heterostructure. The WSe2/ReSe2 heterojunction photodiode with semivertical geometry exhibits excellent performance: an ideality factor of 1.67, a broad spectral photoresponse of 405-980 nm with a significant photovoltaic effect, outstanding linearity with a linear dynamic range wider than 100 dB, and rapid photoswitching behavior with a cutoff frequency up to 100 kHz. Strongly polarized excitonic transitions around the band edge in ReSe2 lead to significant 980 nm NIR linear-polarization-dependent photocurrent. This linear polarization sensitivity remains stable even after exposure to air for longer than five months. Furthermore, by leveraging the NIR (980 nm)-selective linear polarization detection of this photodiode under photovoltaic operation, we demonstrate digital incoherent holographic 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongtae Ahn
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyul Ko
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kyhm
- Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Ra
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Bae
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Hong
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Kim
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Jang
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kim
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Choi
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Namhee Kwon
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting-Chung Poon
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongil Im
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Kolokoto T, Mashindi V, Kadzutu-Sithole R, Machogo-Phao LFE, Ndala ZB, Shumbula NP, Nkabinde SS, Ngubeni GN, Gqoba SS, Mubiayi KP, Moloto N. The effect of the metal and selenium precursors on the properties of NbSe 2 and Nb 2Se 9 nanostructures and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31159-31173. [PMID: 35496842 PMCID: PMC9041314 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10894d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on the effect of the precursors on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of niobium selenide using the heat-up colloidal method. The metal precursor was varied from the conventional NbCl5 to NbF5 whilst Se, SeO2, and selenourea were used as the selenium precursors. The NbCl5 and NbF5 resulted in the formation of NbSe2 and Nb2Se9 respectively. While maintaining the two different metal precursors and varying the selenium precursor from Se, SeO2 to selenourea, the properties of NbSe2 and Nb2Se9 changed slightly, however the effect of changing the selenium precursor was less pronounced than changing the metal precursors. From the XRD and XPS, the NbSe2 nanostructures were more susceptible to oxidation than Nb2Se9 as Nb2O5 was observed in the XRD and the percentage of M-O in the XPS was much higher in NbSe2. NbSe2 formed nanoflowers whilst Nb2Se9 formed rods with 3.29 eV and 2.43 eV band-gaps, respectively. Also, the band-gaps were red-shifted as the selenium precursors were varied. The NbSe2 nanoflowers and Nb2Se9 nanorods were used as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Two methods were used to fabricate the counter electrodes i.e. spin coating and drop casting. The electrochemical properties of the spin coated counter electrodes were better than the drop casted ones; hence, they were employed in dye-sensitized solar cells. The spin coated NbSe2 nanoflowers had the highest efficiency of 6.84%, attributed to the nanoflower morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kolokoto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - V Mashindi
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - R Kadzutu-Sithole
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - Lerato F E Machogo-Phao
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
- Analytical Services Division, Mintek 200 Malibongwe Drive, Randburg South Africa
| | - Z B Ndala
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - N P Shumbula
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - S S Nkabinde
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - G N Ngubeni
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - S S Gqoba
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - K P Mubiayi
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
| | - N Moloto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 South Africa +27 11 717 6720 +27 11 717 6774
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Nassiri Nazif K, Kumar A, Hong J, Lee N, Islam R, McClellan CJ, Karni O, van de Groep J, Heinz TF, Pop E, Brongersma ML, Saraswat KC. High-Performance p-n Junction Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Photovoltaic Cells Enabled by MoO x Doping and Passivation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3443-3450. [PMID: 33852295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for high-specific-power photovoltaics due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, in practice, contacts to TMDs have poor charge carrier selectivity, while imperfect surfaces cause recombination, leading to a low open-circuit voltage (VOC) and therefore limited power conversion efficiency (PCE) in TMD photovoltaics. Here, we simultaneously address these fundamental issues with a simple MoOx (x ≈ 3) surface charge-transfer doping and passivation method, applying it to multilayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) Schottky-junction solar cells with initially near-zero VOC. Doping and passivation turn these into lateral p-n junction photovoltaic cells with a record VOC of 681 mV under AM 1.5G illumination, the highest among all p-n junction TMD solar cells with a practical design. The enhanced VOC also leads to record PCE in ultrathin (<90 nm) WS2 photovoltaics. This easily scalable doping and passivation scheme is expected to enable further advances in TMD electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Nassiri Nazif
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aravindh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jiho Hong
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nayeun Lee
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Raisul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Connor J McClellan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ouri Karni
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Krishna C Saraswat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Wang F, Pei K, Li Y, Li H, Zhai T. 2D Homojunctions for Electronics and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005303. [PMID: 33644885 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the post-Moore era, 2D materials with rich physical properties have attracted widespread attention from the scientific and industrial communities. Among 2D materials, the 2D homojunctions are of great promise in designing novel electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique geometries and properties such as homogeneous components, perfect lattice matching, and efficient charge transfer at the interface. In this article, a pioneering review focusing on the structural design and device application of 2D homojunctions such as p-n homojunctions, heterophase homojunctions, and layer-engineered homojunctions is provided. The preparation strategies to construct 2D homojunctions including vapor-phase deposition, lithium intercalation, laser irradiation, chemical doping, electrostatic doping, and photodoping are summarized in detail. Specifically, a careful review on the applications of the 2D homojunctions in electronics (e.g., field-effect transistors, rectifiers, and inverters) and optoelectronics (e.g., light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and photodetectors) is provided. Eventually, the current challenges and future perspectives are commented for promoting the rapid development of 2D homojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ke Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Xu J, Luo X, Hu S, Zhang X, Mei D, Liu F, Han N, Liu D, Gan X, Cheng Y, Huang W. Tunable Linearity of High-Performance Vertical Dual-Gate vdW Phototransistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008080. [PMID: 33694214 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered 2D semiconductors have been widely exploited in photodetectors due to their excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties. To improve their performance, photogating, photoconductive, photovoltaic, photothermoelectric, and other effects have been used in phototransistors and photodiodes made with 2D semiconductors or hybrid structures. However, it is difficult to achieve the desired high responsivity and linear photoresponse simultaneously in a monopolar conduction channel or a p-n junction. Here, dual-channel conduction with ambipolar multilayer WSe2 is presented by employing the device concept of dual-gate phototransistor, where p-type and n-type channels are produced in the same semiconductor using opposite dual-gating. It is possible to tune the photoconductive gain using a vertical electric field, so that the gain is constant with respect to the light intensity-a linear photoresponse, with a high responsivity of ≈2.5 × 104 A W-1 . Additionally, the 1/f noise of the device is kept at a low level under the opposite dual-gating due to the reduction of current and carrier fluctuation, resulting in a high detectivity of ≈2 × 1013 Jones in the linear photoresponse regime. The linear photoresponse and high performance of the dual-gate WSe2 phototransistor offer the possibility of achieving high-resolution and quantitative light detection with layered 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Xiaoguang Luo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Dong Mei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Xuetao Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Yingchun Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Hossain M, Qin B, Sen SK. Chemical Synthesis and Substrate Temperature Effect on Morphology of 2D Vanadium Disulfide. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mongur Hossain
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two‐Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Biao Qin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two‐Dimensional Materials, Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Sapan Kumar Sen
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka 1349 Bangladesh
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Ndala Z, Shumbula N, Nkabinde S, Kolokoto T, Nchoe O, Shumbula P, Tetana ZN, Linganiso EC, Gqoba SS, Moloto N. Evaluating the Effect of Varying the Metal Precursor in the Colloidal Synthesis of MoSe 2 Nanomaterials and Their Application as Electrodes in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091786. [PMID: 32916877 PMCID: PMC7557751 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the use of different metal precursors in the synthesis of MoSe2 nanomaterials in order to control their morphology. The use of Mo(CO)6 as the metal precursor resulted in the formation of wrinkled few-layer nanosheets, while the use of H2MoO4 as the metal precursor resulted in the formation of nanoflowers. To investigate the effect of the morphologies on their performance as catalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction, electrochemical characterization was done using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The MoSe2 nanoflowers were found to have superior electrochemical performance towards the hydrogen evolution reaction with a lower Tafel slope, on-set potential, and overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 compared to the wrinkled few-layer nanosheets. This was found to be due to the higher effective electrochemical surface area of the nanoflowers compared to the nanosheets which suggests a higher number of exposed edge sites in the nanoflowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakhele Ndala
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Ndivhuwo Shumbula
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Siyabonga Nkabinde
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Tshwarela Kolokoto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Obakeng Nchoe
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Poslet Shumbula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo Private Bag x1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Zikhona N. Tetana
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Ella C. Linganiso
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Siziwe S. Gqoba
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.G.); (N.M.); Tel.: +27-11-7176-774 or +27-11-7176-756 (S.S.G.); Fax: +27-11-7176-749 (N.M.)
| | - Nosipho Moloto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; (Z.N.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (T.K.); (O.N.); (Z.N.T.); (E.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.G.); (N.M.); Tel.: +27-11-7176-774 or +27-11-7176-756 (S.S.G.); Fax: +27-11-7176-749 (N.M.)
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Carbone MR, Mayers MZ, Reichman DR. Microscopic model of the doping dependence of linewidths in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194705. [PMID: 33687247 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A fully microscopic model of the doping-dependent exciton and trion linewidths in the absorption spectra of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides in the low temperature and low-doping regime is explored. The approach is based on perturbation theory and avoids the use of phenomenological parameters. In the low-doping regime, we find that the trion linewidth is relatively insensitive to doping levels, while the exciton linewidth increases monotonically with doping. On the other hand, we argue that the trion linewidth shows a somewhat stronger temperature dependence. The magnitudes of the linewidths are likely to be masked by phonon scattering for T ≥ 20 K in encapsulated samples in the low-doping regime. We discuss the breakdown of perturbation theory, which should occur at relatively low-doping levels and low temperatures. Our work also paves the way toward understanding a variety of related scattering processes, including impact ionization and Auger scattering in clean 2D samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Carbone
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Matthew Z Mayers
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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22
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Liu H, Huang Z, Wu P, Xue W, He C, Qi X, Zhong J. Band offsets engineering in asymmetric Janus bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:035502. [PMID: 31553961 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab47a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using the first-principles calculation, we systematically studied the electronic properties of the bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) with replacing one, two, three or four layers of X atoms as Y atoms (X ≠ Y = S, Se, Te). By comparison, it is found that when the inner two layers of chalcogenide atoms are different, the system has both valence band offset (VBO) and conduction band offset (CBO). Among them, values of the band offsets reach maxima when the inner one layer of X atoms is replaced by Y atoms, namely forming the asymmetric Janus bilayer XMX/YMX. We take SMoS/SeMoS as an example to analyze the formation of the band offsets and the improvement of optoelectronic properties. Importantly, it is also found that both external electric field and biaxial strain can regulate electronic structures of asymmetric Janus bilayer TMDs with noticeable modulation of the values of band offsets. When the external electric field changes from negative to positive continually, CBO decreases and VBO increases. While when the biaxial strain changes from compression to stretch continually, CBO increases and VBO decreases. These findings enrich the study of bilayer TMDs that can be used as optoelectronic, nanoelectronic and valleytronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
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23
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Sahoo PK, Memaran S, Nugera FA, Xin Y, Díaz Márquez T, Lu Z, Zheng W, Zhigadlo ND, Smirnov D, Balicas L, Gutiérrez HR. Bilayer Lateral Heterostructures of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides and Their Optoelectronic Response. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12372-12384. [PMID: 31532628 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional lateral heterojunctions based on monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received increasing attention given that their direct band gap makes them very attractive for optoelectronic applications. Although bilayer TMDs present an indirect band gap, their electrical properties are expected to be less susceptible to ambient conditions, with higher mobilities and density of states when compared to monolayers. Bilayers and few-layers single domain devices have already demonstrated higher performance in radio frequency and photosensing applications. Despite these advantages, lateral heterostructures based on bilayer domains have been less explored. Here, we report the controlled synthesis of multi-junction bilayer lateral heterostructures based on MoS2-WS2 and MoSe2-WSe2 monodomains. The heterojunctions are created via sequential lateral edge-epitaxy that happens simultaneously in both the first and the second layers. A phenomenological mechanism is proposed to explain the growth mode with self-limited thickness that happens within a certain window of growth conditions. With respect to their as-grown monolayer counterparts, bilayer lateral heterostructures yield nearly 1 order of magnitude higher rectification currents. They also display a clear photovoltaic response, with short circuit currents ∼103 times larger than those extracted from the as-grown monolayers, in addition to room-temperature electroluminescence. The improved performance of bilayer heterostructures significantly expands the potential of two-dimensional materials for optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasana Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Physics , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Shahriar Memaran
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
- Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Florence Ann Nugera
- Department of Physics , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Yan Xin
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Tania Díaz Márquez
- Department of Physics , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Zhengguang Lu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
- Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Wenkai Zheng
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
- Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Nikolai D Zhigadlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Bern 3012 , Switzerland
- CrystMat Company , Zurich 8046 , Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
- Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
- Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
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24
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Shifa TA, Wang F, Liu Y, He J. Heterostructures Based on 2D Materials: A Versatile Platform for Efficient Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804828. [PMID: 30378188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The unique structural and electronic properties of 2D materials, including the metal and metal-free ones, have prompted intense exploration in the search for new catalysts. The construction of different heterostructures based on 2D materials offers great opportunities for boosting the catalytic activity in electo(photo)chemical reactions. Particularly, the merits resulting from the synergism of the constituent components and the fascinating properties at the interface are tremendously interesting. This scenario has now become the state-of-the-art point in the development of active catalysts for assisting energy conversion reactions including water splitting and CO2 reduction. Here, starting from the theoretical background of the fundamental concepts, the progressive developments in the design and applications of heterostructures based on 2D materials are traced. Furthermore, a personal perspective on the exploration of 2D heterostructures for further potential application in catalysis is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofik Ahmed Shifa
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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25
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Krayev A, Bailey CS, Jo K, Wang S, Singh A, Darlington T, Liu GY, Gradecak S, Schuck PJ, Pop E, Jariwala D. Dry Transfer of van der Waals Crystals to Noble Metal Surfaces To Enable Characterization of Buried Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38218-38225. [PMID: 31512847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been explored for many optoelectronic applications. Most of these applications require them to be on insulating substrates. However, for many fundamental property characterizations, such as mapping surface potential or conductance, insulating substrates are nonideal as they lead to charging and doping effects or impose the inhomogeneity of their charge environment on the atomically thin 2D layers. Here, we report a simple method of residue-free dry transfer of 2D TMDC crystal layers. This method is enabled via noble-metal (gold, silver) thin films and allows comprehensive nanoscale characterization of transferred TMDC crystals with multiple scanning probe microscopy techniques. In particular, intimate contact with underlying metal allows efficient tip-enhanced Raman scattering characterization, providing high spatial resolution (<20 nm) for Raman spectroscopy. Further, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy allows high-resolution mapping of surface potential on transferred crystals, revealing their spatially varying structural and electronic properties. The layer-dependent contact potential difference is clearly observed and explained by charge transfer from contacts with Au and Ag. The demonstrated sample preparation technique can be generalized to probe many different 2D material surfaces and has broad implications in understanding of the metal contacts and buried interfaces in 2D material-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Krayev
- Horiba Scientific , Novato , California 94949 , United States
| | - Connor S Bailey
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Akshay Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Thomas Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Silvija Gradecak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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26
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Ren K, Ren C, Luo Y, Xu Y, Yu J, Tang W, Sun M. Using van der Waals heterostructures based on two-dimensional blue phosphorus and XC (X = Ge, Si) for water-splitting photocatalysis: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9949-9956. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07680d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BlueP/SiC and BlueP/GeC vdW heterostructures are high-efficiency photocatalysts for water-splitting at pH 0 and 7, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Chongdan Ren
- Department of Physics
- Zunyi Normal College
- Zunyi 563002
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yujing Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wencheng Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Minglei Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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27
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Huo N, Konstantatos G. Recent Progress and Future Prospects of 2D-Based Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801164. [PMID: 30066409 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional semiconductors such as silicon- and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs)-based photodetectors have encountered a bottleneck in modern electronics and photonics in terms of spectral coverage, low resolution, nontransparency, nonflexibility, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) incompatibility. New emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and their hybrid systems thereof, however, can circumvent all these issues benefitting from mechanically flexibility, extraordinary electronic and optical properties, as well as wafer-scale production and integration. Heterojunction-based photodiodes based on 2D materials offer ultrafast and broadband response from the visible to far-infrared range. Phototransistors based on 2D hybrid systems combined with other material platforms such as quantum dots, perovskites, organic materials, or plasmonic nanostructures yield ultrasensitive and broadband light-detection capabilities. Notably the facile integration of 2D photodetectors on silicon photonics or CMOS platforms paves the way toward high-performance, low-cost, broadband sensing and imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengjie Huo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerasimos Konstantatos
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Pu J, Takenobu T. Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Light Sources. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707627. [PMID: 29900597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the dimensions of materials is one of the key approaches to discovering novel optical phenomena. The recent emergence of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has provided a promising platform for exploring new optoelectronic device applications, with their tunable electronic properties, structural controllability, and unique spin valley-coupled systems. This progress report provides an overview of recent advances in TMDC-based light-emitting devices discussed from several aspects in terms of device concepts, material designs, device fabrication, and their diverse functionalities. First, the advantages of TMDCs used in light-emitting devices and their possible functionalities are presented. Second, conventional approaches for fabricating TMDC light-emitting devices are emphasized, followed by introducing a newly established, versatile method for generating light emission in TMDCs. Third, current growing technologies for heterostructure fabrication, in which distinct TMDCs are vertically stacked or laterally stitched, are explained as a possible means for designing high-performance light-emitting devices. Finally, utilizing the topological features of TMDCs, the challenges for controlling circularly polarized light emission and its device applications are discussed from both theoretical and experimental points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Taishi Takenobu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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29
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Cai Z, Liu B, Zou X, Cheng HM. Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth and Applications of Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Heterostructures. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6091-6133. [PMID: 29384374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted increasing research interest because of the abundant choice of materials with diverse and tunable electronic, optical, and chemical properties. Moreover, 2D material based heterostructures combining several individual 2D materials provide unique platforms to create an almost infinite number of materials and show exotic physical phenomena as well as new properties and applications. To achieve these high expectations, methods for the scalable preparation of 2D materials and 2D heterostructures of high quality and low cost must be developed. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a powerful method which may meet the above requirements, and has been extensively used to grow 2D materials and their heterostructures in recent years, despite several challenges remaining. In this review of the challenges in the CVD growth of 2D materials, we highlight recent advances in the controlled growth of single crystal 2D materials, with an emphasis on semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. We provide insight into the growth mechanisms of single crystal 2D domains and the key technologies used to realize wafer-scale growth of continuous and homogeneous 2D films which are important for practical applications. Meanwhile, strategies to design and grow various kinds of 2D material based heterostructures are thoroughly discussed. The applications of CVD-grown 2D materials and their heterostructures in electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, flexible devices, and electrocatalysis are also discussed. Finally, we suggest solutions to these challenges and ideas concerning future developments in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Cai
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI) , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bilu Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI) , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Zou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI) , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI) , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , People's Republic of China.,Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Sciences, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , Liaoning 110016 , People's Republic of China.,Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES) , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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30
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Li C, Cao Q, Wang F, Xiao Y, Li Y, Delaunay JJ, Zhu H. Engineering graphene and TMDs based van der Waals heterostructures for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4981-5037. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a systematic overview of the integration, surface, and interfacial engineering of 2D/3D and 2D/2D homo/heterojunctions for PV and PEC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Qi Cao
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Faze Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yequan Xiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | | | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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31
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Ko S, Na J, Moon YS, Zschieschang U, Acharya R, Klauk H, Kim GT, Burghard M, Kern K. Few-Layer WSe 2 Schottky Junction-Based Photovoltaic Devices through Site-Selective Dual Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42912-42918. [PMID: 29200255 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin sheets of two-dimensional (2D) materials like transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted strong attention as components of high-performance light-harvesting devices. Here, we report the implementation of Schottky junction-based photovoltaic devices through site-selective surface doping of few-layer WSe2 in lateral contact configuration. Specifically, whereas the drain region is covered by a strong molecular p-type dopant (NDP-9) to achieve an Ohmic contact, the source region is coated with an Al2O3 layer, which causes local n-type doping and correspondingly an increase of the Schottky barrier at the contact. By scanning photocurrent microscopy using green laser light, it could be confirmed that photocurent generation is restricted to the region around the source contact. The local photoinduced charge separation is associated with a photoresponsivity of up to 20 mA W-1 and an external quantum efficiency of up to 1.3%. The demonstrated device concept should be easily transferrable to other van der Waals 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungpil Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , 136-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Na
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Young-Sun Moon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , 136-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rachana Acharya
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gyu-Tae Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , 136-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marko Burghard
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Akama T, Okita W, Nagai R, Li C, Kaneko T, Kato T. Schottky solar cell using few-layered transition metal dichalcogenides toward large-scale fabrication of semitransparent and flexible power generator. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11967. [PMID: 28931950 PMCID: PMC5607301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few-layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are known as true two-dimensional materials, with excellent semiconducting properties and strong light–matter interaction. Thus, TMDs are attractive materials for semitransparent and flexible solar cells for use in various applications. Hoewver, despite the recent progress, the development of a scalable method to fabricate semitransparent and flexible solar cells with mono- or few-layered TMDs remains a crucial challenge. Here, we show easy and scalable fabrication of a few-layered TMD solar cell using a Schottky-type configuration to obtain a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approximately 0.7%, which is the highest value reported with few-layered TMDs. Clear power generation was also observed for a device fabricated on a large SiO2 and flexible substrate, demonstrating that our method has high potential for scalable production. In addition, systematic investigation revealed that the PCE and external quantum efficiency (EQE) strongly depended on the type of photogenerated excitons (A, B, and C) because of different carrier dynamics. Because high solar cell performance along with excellent scalability can be achieved through the proposed process, our fabrication method will contribute to accelerating the industrial use of TMDs as semitransparent and flexible solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Akama
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Wakana Okita
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Reito Nagai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kaneko
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kato
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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33
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Pradhan NR, Talapatra S, Terrones M, Ajayan PM, Balicas L. Optoelectronic Properties of Heterostructures: The Most Recent Developments Based on Graphene and Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2017.2676185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Slow cooling and efficient extraction of C-exciton hot carriers in MoS 2 monolayer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13906. [PMID: 28054546 PMCID: PMC5227064 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In emerging optoelectronic applications, such as water photolysis, exciton fission and novel photovoltaics involving low-dimensional nanomaterials, hot-carrier relaxation and extraction mechanisms play an indispensable and intriguing role in their photo-electron conversion processes. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted much attention in above fields recently; however, insight into the relaxation mechanism of hot electron-hole pairs in the band nesting region denoted as C-excitons, remains elusive. Using MoS2 monolayers as a model two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide system, here we report a slower hot-carrier cooling for C-excitons, in comparison with band-edge excitons. We deduce that this effect arises from the favourable band alignment and transient excited-state Coulomb environment, rather than solely on quantum confinement in two-dimension systems. We identify the screening-sensitive bandgap renormalization for MoS2 monolayer/graphene heterostructures, and confirm the initial hot-carrier extraction for the C-exciton state with an unprecedented efficiency of 80%, accompanied by a twofold reduction in the exciton binding energy. Light-matter interaction in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides is dominated by excitonic effects and hot-carrier relaxation/extraction mechanisms. Here, the authors report that the C exciton in two-dimensional MoS2 exhibits a slower hot-carrier cooling than band-edge excitons.
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Yi SG, Kim SH, Park S, Oh D, Choi HY, Lee N, Choi YJ, Yoo KH. Mo 1-xW xSe 2-Based Schottky Junction Photovoltaic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33811-33820. [PMID: 27960385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed Schottky junction photovoltaic cells based on multilayer Mo1-xWxSe2 with x = 0, 0.5, and 1. To generate built-in potentials, Pd and Al were used as the source and drain electrodes in a lateral structure, and Pd and graphene were used as the bottom and top electrodes in a vertical structure. These devices exhibited gate-tunable diode-like current rectification and photovoltaic responses. Mo0.5W0.5Se2 Schottky diodes with Pd and Al electrodes exhibited higher photovoltaic efficiency than MoSe2 and WSe2 devices with Pd and Al electrodes, likely because of the greater adjusted band alignment in Mo0.5W0.5Se2 devices. Furthermore, we showed that Mo0.5W0.5Se2-based vertical Schottky diodes yield a power conversion efficiency of ∼16% under 532 nm light and ∼13% under a standard air mass 1.5 spectrum, demonstrating their remarkable potential for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sum-Gyun Yi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggun Oh
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Young Choi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jai Choi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Yoo
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Shastry TA, Balla I, Bergeron H, Amsterdam SH, Marks TJ, Hersam MC. Mutual Photoluminescence Quenching and Photovoltaic Effect in Large-Area Single-Layer MoS 2-Polymer Heterojunctions. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10573-10579. [PMID: 27783505 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently attracted attention due to their superlative optical and electronic properties. In particular, their extraordinary optical absorption and semiconducting band gap have enabled demonstrations of photovoltaic response from heterostructures composed of TMDCs and other organic or inorganic materials. However, these early studies were limited to devices at the micrometer scale and/or failed to exploit the unique optical absorption properties of single-layer TMDCs. Here we present an experimental realization of a large-area type-II photovoltaic heterojunction using single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the primary absorber, by coupling it to the organic π-donor polymer PTB7. This TMDC-polymer heterojunction exhibits photoluminescence intensity that is tunable as a function of the thickness of the polymer layer, ultimately enabling complete quenching of the TMDC photoluminescence. The strong optical absorption in the TMDC-polymer heterojunction produces an internal quantum efficiency exceeding 40% for an overall cell thickness of less than 20 nm, resulting in exceptional current density per absorbing thickness in comparison to other organic and inorganic solar cells. Furthermore, this work provides insight into the recombination processes in type-II TMDC-polymer heterojunctions and thus provides quantitative guidance to ongoing efforts to realize efficient TMDC-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas A Shastry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Itamar Balla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hadallia Bergeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel H Amsterdam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Wang Z, Wang F, Yin L, Huang Y, Xu K, Wang F, Zhan X, He J. Electrostatically tunable lateral MoTe2 p-n junction for use in high-performance optoelectronics. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13245-13250. [PMID: 27335271 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of their ultimate thickness, layered structure and high flexibility, pn junctions based on layered two-dimensional semiconductors have been attracting increasing attention recently. In this study, for the first time, we fabricated lateral pn junctions (LPNJs) based on ultrathin MoTe2 by introducing two separated electrostatic back gates, and investigated their electronic and photovoltaic performance. Pn, np, nn, and pp junctions can be easily realized by modulating the conductive channel type using gate voltages with different polarities. Strong rectification effects were observed in the pn and np junctions and the rectification ratio reached ∼5 × 10(4). Importantly, we find a unique phenomenon that the parameters for MoTe2 LPNJs experience abrupt changes during the transition from p to n or n to p. Furthermore, a high performance photovoltaic device with a filling factor of above 51% and electrical conversion efficiency (η) of around 0.5% is achieved. Our findings are of importance to comprehensively understand the electronic and optoelectronic properties of MoTe2 and may further open up novel electronic and optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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Optoelectronic Devices Based on Atomically Thin Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Huang S, Liang L, Ling X, Puretzky AA, Geohegan DB, Sumpter BG, Kong J, Meunier V, Dresselhaus MS. Low-Frequency Interlayer Raman Modes to Probe Interface of Twisted Bilayer MoS2. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1435-44. [PMID: 26797083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals homo- and heterostructures assembled by stamping monolayers together present optoelectronic properties suitable for diverse applications. Understanding the details of the interlayer stacking and resulting coupling is crucial for tuning these properties. We investigated the low-frequency interlayer shear and breathing Raman modes (<50 cm(-1)) in twisted bilayer MoS2 by Raman spectroscopy and first-principles modeling. Twisting significantly alters the interlayer stacking and coupling, leading to notable frequency and intensity changes of low-frequency modes. The frequency variation can be up to 8 cm(-1) and the intensity can vary by a factor of ∼5 for twisting angles near 0° and 60°, where the stacking is a mixture of high-symmetry stacking patterns and is thus sensitive to twisting. For twisting angles between 20° and 40°, the interlayer coupling is nearly constant because the stacking results in mismatched lattices over the entire sample. It follows that the Raman signature is relatively uniform. Note that for some samples, multiple breathing mode peaks appear, indicating nonuniform coupling across the interface. In contrast to the low-frequency interlayer modes, high-frequency intralayer Raman modes are much less sensitive to interlayer stacking and coupling. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of low-frequency Raman modes for probing the interfacial coupling and environment of twisted bilayer MoS2 and potentially other two-dimensional materials and heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Mildred S Dresselhaus
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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