1
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Ye Y, Liu S, Lei H, Lv L, Qin H, Fang W, Peng X. Suppressed Magnitude of Spectral Diffusion in Cube-Shaped CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Exceedingly Stable Photoluminescence. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2712-2718. [PMID: 38407061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are promising candidates for quantum light sources, yet their application has been impeded by photoluminescence instability due to blinking and spectral diffusion. This study introduces a new category of cube-shaped CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with exceptionally stable photoluminescence characteristics. Under continuous excitation, the emissive quantum state remained consistent without alterations of the charge state for 4000 s, and the average photon energy variation stayed within the bounds of spectral resolution throughout this extended duration. Systematic examination of single-nanocrystal photoluminescence, upon variation of the core and shell dimensions, revealed that a thicker CdS shell and increased core edge length significantly curtail spectral diffusion, considering that the nanocrystals possess well-controlled CdSe-CdS and facet-ligand interfaces. This study advances the optimization of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals as high-performance quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Ye
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haixin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liulin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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2
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Lubotzky B, Nazarov A, Abudayyeh H, Antoniuk L, Lettner N, Agafonov V, Bennett AV, Majumder S, Chandrasekaran V, Bowes EG, Htoon H, Hollingsworth JA, Kubanek A, Rapaport R. Room-Temperature Fiber-Coupled Single-Photon Sources based on Colloidal Quantum Dots and SiV Centers in Back-Excited Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:640-648. [PMID: 38166209 PMCID: PMC11139382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate an important step toward on-chip integration of single-photon sources at room temperature. Excellent photon directionality is achieved with a hybrid metal-dielectric bullseye antenna, while back-excitation is permitted by placement of the emitter in a subwavelength hole positioned at its center. The unique design enables a direct back-excitation and very efficient front coupling of emission either to a low numerical aperture (NA) optics or directly to an optical fiber. To show the versatility of the concept, we fabricate devices containing either a colloidal quantum dot or a nanodiamond containing silicon-vacancy centers, which are accurately positioned using two different nanopositioning methods. Both of these back-excited devices display front collection efficiencies of ∼70% at NAs as low as 0.5. The combination of back-excitation with forward directionality enables direct coupling of the emitted photons into a proximal optical fiber without any coupling optics, thereby facilitating and simplifying future integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Lubotzky
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alexander Nazarov
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Hamza Abudayyeh
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lukas Antoniuk
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Niklas Lettner
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center
for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anastasia V. Bennett
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Somak Majumder
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Eric G. Bowes
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Hollingsworth
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Alexander Kubanek
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center
for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ronen Rapaport
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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3
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Ye Y, Lin X, Fang W. Room-Temperature Single-Photon Sources Based on Colloidal Quantum Dots: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7684. [PMID: 38138825 PMCID: PMC10744688 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources (SPSs) play a crucial role in quantum photonics, and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising and cost-effective candidates for such applications due to their high-purity single-photon emission at room temperature. This review focuses on various aspects of CQDs as SPSs. Firstly, a brief overview of the fundamental optical properties of CQDs is provided, including emission wavelength engineering and fluorescence intermittency, and their single-photon emission properties. Subsequently, this review delves into research concerning CQDs as SPSs, covering topics such as the coupling of single CQDs to microcavities, both in weak and strong coupling regimes. Additionally, methods for localizing and positioning CQDs are explored, which are critical for on-chip SPSs devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Ye
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Xing Lin
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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4
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Tang L, Zhang C, Liao C, Liu Y, Cheng Y. In Situ Sintering of CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals under Electron Beam Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3082. [PMID: 38132980 PMCID: PMC10745287 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted widespread attention due to their tremendous electrical and optical properties. Nanoparticles exhibit a strong tendency to aggregate and sinter in a short period of time during processing or use due to their large surface area-to-volume ratio, which may lead to significant changes in their required performance. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on the sintering process and mechanism of nanoparticles to maintain their stability. Here, the sintering process of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals under continuous electron beam irradiation was studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the early stages of sintering, CdSe/CdS nanocrystals approached each other at a distance of approximately 1-2 nm. As the exposure time to the electron beam increased, the movement of surface atoms on the nanocrystals led to contact between them. Subsequently, the atoms on the contact surfaces underwent rapid motion, resulting in the rapid formation of the neck between the particles. The neck formation between adjacent particles provides strong evidence of a sintering mechanism dominated by surface atom diffusion rather than Ostwald ripening. Further research in this area could lead to the development of improved methods to prevent sintering and enhance the stability of nanocrystals, ultimately contributing to the advancement of nanomaterial-based devices and materials with long-lasting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Tang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chen Liao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yonghao Cheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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5
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Kan Y, Liu X, Kumar S, Bozhevolnyi SI. Multichannel Quantum Emission with On-Chip Emitter-Coupled Holographic Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20308-20314. [PMID: 37791727 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Multichannel quantum emission is in high demand for advanced quantum photonic applications such as quantum communications, quantum computing, and quantum cryptography. However, to date, the most common way for shaping photon emission from quantum emitters (QEs) is to utilize free-standing (external) bulky optical components. Here, we develop the multichannel holography approach for flexibly designing on-chip QE-coupled metasurfaces that make use of nonradiatively QE-excited surface plasmon polaritons for generating far-field quantum emission, which propagates in designed directions carrying specific spin and orbital angular momenta (SAM and OAM, respectively). We further design, fabricate, and characterize on-chip quantum light sources of multichannel quantum emission encoded with different SAMs and OAMs. The holography-based inverse design approach developed and demonstrated on-chip quantum light sources with multiple degrees of freedoms, thereby enabling a powerful platform for quantum nanophotonics, especially relevant for advanced quantum photonic applications, e.g., high-dimensional quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Kan
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Xujing Liu
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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6
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McPolin CPT, Vila YN, Krasavin AV, Llorca J, Zayats AV. Multimode hybrid gold-silicon nanoantennas for tailored nanoscale optical confinement. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:2997-3005. [PMID: 37457505 PMCID: PMC10344444 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
High-index dielectric nanoantennas, which provide an interplay between electric and magnetic modes, have been widely used as building blocks for a variety of devices and metasurfaces, both in linear and nonlinear regimes. Here, we investigate hybrid metal-semiconductor nanoantennas, consisting of a multimode silicon nanopillar core coated with a gold layer, that offer an enhanced degree of control over the mode selection and confinement, and emission of light on the nanoscale exploiting high-order electric and magnetic resonances. Cathodoluminescence spectra revealed a multitude of resonant modes supported by the nanoantennas due to hybridization of the Mie resonances of the core and the plasmonic resonances of the shell. Eigenmode analysis revealed the modes that exhibit enhanced field localization at the gold interface, together with high confinement within the nanopillar volume. Consequently, this architecture provides a flexible means of engineering nanoscale components with tailored optical modes and field confinement for a plethora of applications, including sensing, hot-electron photodetection and nanophotonics with cylindrical vector beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian P. T. McPolin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Yago N. Vila
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Telecomunicacions de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexey V. Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anatoly V. Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
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7
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Abudayyeh H, Mildner A, Liran D, Lubotzky B, Lüder L, Fleischer M, Rapaport R. Overcoming the Rate-Directionality Trade-off: A Room-Temperature Ultrabright Quantum Light Source. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17384-17391. [PMID: 34664938 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic GHz-rate single photon sources at room temperature would be essential components for various quantum applications. However, both the slow intrinsic decay rate and the omnidirectional emission of typical quantum emitters are two obstacles toward achieving such a goal which are hard to overcome simultaneously. Here, we solve this challenge by a hybrid approach using a complex monolithic photonic resonator constructed of a gold nanocone responsible for the rate enhancement, enclosed by a circular Bragg antenna for emission directionality. A repeatable process accurately binds quantum dots to the tip of the antenna-embedded nanocone. As a result, we achieve simultaneous 20-fold emission rate enhancement and record-high directionality leading to an increase in the observed brightness by a factor as large as 800 (130) into an NA = 0.22(0.5). We project that these miniaturized on-chip devices can reach photon rates approaching 1.4 × 108 photons/s and pure single photon rates of >107 photons/second after temporal purification processes, thus enabling ultrafast light-matter interfaces for quantum technologies at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Abudayyeh
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Annika Mildner
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dror Liran
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Boaz Lubotzky
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lars Lüder
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ronen Rapaport
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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8
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Vaskin A, Liu S, Addamane S, Vabishchevich PP, Yang Y, Balarishnan G, Sinclair MB, Pertsch T, Brener I, Staude I. Manipulation of quantum dot emission with semiconductor metasurfaces exhibiting magnetic quadrupole resonances. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5567-5579. [PMID: 33726091 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces were suggested as a route for engineering advanced light sources with tailored emission properties. In particular, they provide a control over the emission directionality, which is essential for single-photon sources and LED applications. Here, we experimentally study light emission from a metasurface composed of III-V semiconductor Mie-resonant nanocylinders with integrated quantum dots (QDs). Specifically, we focus on the manipulation of the directionality of spontaneous emission from the QDs due to excitation of different magnetic quadrupole resonances in the nanocylinders. To this end, we perform both back focal plane imaging and momentum-resolved spectroscopy measurements of the emission. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the different resonant nanocylinder modes on the emission characteristics of the metasurface. Our results show that the emission directionality can be manipulated by an interplay of the excited quadrupolar nanocylinder modes with the metasurface lattice modes and provide important insights for the design of novel smart light sources and new display concepts.
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9
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Schäfer C, Perera PN, Laible F, Olynick DL, Schwartzberg AM, Weber-Bargioni A, Cabrini S, Schuck PJ, Kern DP, Fleischer M. Selectively accessing the hotspots of optical nanoantennas by self-aligned dry laser ablation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19170-19177. [PMID: 32926034 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures serve as optical antennas for concentrating the energy of incoming light in localized hotspots close to their surface. By positioning nanoemitters in the antenna hotspots, energy transfer is enabled, leading to novel hybrid antenna-emitter-systems, where the antenna can be used to manipulate the optical properties of the nano-objects. The challenge remains how to precisely position emitters within the hotspots. We report a self-aligned process based on dry laser ablation of a calixarene that enables the attachment of molecules within the electromagnetic hotspots at the tips of gold nanocones. Within the laser focus, the ablation threshold is exceeded in nanoscale volumes, leading to selective access of the hotspot areas. A first indication of the site-selective functionalization process is given by attaching fluorescently labelled proteins to the nanocones. In a second example, Raman-active molecules are selectively attached only to nanocones that were previously exposed in the laser focus, which is verified by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Enabling selective functionalization is an important prerequisite e.g. for preparing single photon sources for quantum optical technologies, or multiplexed Raman sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schäfer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pradeep N Perera
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 67, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Florian Laible
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Deirdre L Olynick
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 67, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adam M Schwartzberg
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 67, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Weber-Bargioni
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 67, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefano Cabrini
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 67, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Building 67, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dieter P Kern
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Bao Y, Lin Q, Su R, Zhou ZK, Song J, Li J, Wang XH. On-demand spin-state manipulation of single-photon emission from quantum dot integrated with metasurface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba8761. [PMID: 32832685 PMCID: PMC7439567 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The semiconductor quantum dot (QD) has been successfully demonstrated as a potentially scalable and on-chip integration technology to generate the triggered photon streams that have many important applications in quantum information science. However, the randomicity of these photon streams emitted from the QD seriously compromises its use and especially hinders the on-demand manipulation of the spin states. Here, by accurately integrating a QD and its mirror image onto the two foci of a bifocal metalens, we demonstrate the on-demand generation and separation of the spin states of the emitted single photons. The photon streams with different spin states emitted from the QD can be flexibly manipulated to propagate along arbitrarily designed directions with high collimation of the smallest measured beaming divergence angle of 3.17°. Our work presents an effectively integrated quantum method for the simultaneously on-demand manipulation of the polarization, propagation, and collimation of the emitted photon streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qiaoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rongbin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jindong Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Post-Si Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02-791, South Korea
| | - Juntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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Ihara T, Miki S, Yamada T, Kaji T, Otomo A, Hosako I, Terai H. Superior properties in room-temperature colloidal-dot quantum emitters revealed by ultralow-dark-count detections of temporally-purified single photons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15941. [PMID: 31685915 PMCID: PMC6828765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of high-quality quantum emitters that can operate at room temperature is important for accelerating the application of quantum technologies, such as quantum communication, quantum information processing, and quantum metrology. In this work, we study the photon-antibunching properties on room-temperature emission from individual colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) using superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors and temporal filtering of the photoluminescence decay curve. We find that high single-photon purities and high photon-generation rates can be simultaneously achieved by removing the signals originating from the sequential two-photon emission of biexcitons created by multiple excitation pulses. We successfully demonstrate that the ultrahigh performance of the room-temperature single-photon sources showing g(2)(0) ≪ 10−2 can be confirmed by the ultralow-dark-count detection of the temporally purified single photons. These findings provide strong evidence for the attractiveness of CQDs as candidates for high-quality room-temperature quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ihara
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan.
| | - Shigehito Miki
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan.,Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamada
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaji
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Akira Otomo
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Iwao Hosako
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Terai
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
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12
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Morozov S, Gaio M, Maier SA, Sapienza R. Metal-Dielectric Parabolic Antenna for Directing Single Photons. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3060-3065. [PMID: 29595270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters radiate light omni-directionally, making it hard to collect and use the generated photons. Here, we propose a three-dimensional metal-dielectric parabolic antenna surrounding an individual quantum dot as a source of collimated single photons, which can then be easily extracted and manipulated. Our fabrication method relies on a single optically induced polymerization step once the selected emitter has been localized by confocal microscopy. Compared to conventional nanoantennas, our geometry does not require near-field coupling, and it is, therefore, very robust against misalignment issues and minimally affected by absorption in the metal. The parabolic antenna provides one of the largest reported experimental directivities ( D = 106) and the lowest beam divergences (Θ1/2 = 13.5°) and a broadband operation over all of the visible and near-infrared range together with extraction efficiency of more than 96%, offering a practical advantage for quantum technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Morozov
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michele Gaio
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80799 München , Germany
| | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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13
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De Leo E, Cocina A, Tiwari P, Poulikakos LV, Marqués-Gallego P, le Feber B, Norris DJ, Prins F. Polarization Multiplexing of Fluorescent Emission Using Multiresonant Plasmonic Antennas. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12167-12173. [PMID: 29161502 PMCID: PMC5772889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Combining the ability to localize electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale with a directional response, plasmonic antennas offer an effective strategy to shape the far-field pattern of coupled emitters. Here, we introduce a family of directional multiresonant antennas that allows for polarization-resolved spectral identification of fluorescent emission. The geometry consists of a central aperture surrounded by concentric polygonal corrugations. By varying the periodicity of each axis of the polygon individually, this structure can support multiple resonances that provide independent control over emission directionality for multiple wavelengths. Moreover, since each resonant wavelength is directly mapped to a specific polarization orientation, spectral information can be encoded in the polarization state of the out-scattered beam. To demonstrate the potential of such structures in enabling simplified detection schemes and additional functionalities in sensing and imaging applications, we use the central subwavelength aperture as a built-in nanocuvette and manipulate the fluorescent response of colloidal-quantum-dot emitters coupled to the multiresonant antenna.
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14
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Xu W, Hou X, Meng Y, Meng R, Wang Z, Qin H, Peng X, Chen XW. Deciphering Charging Status, Absolute Quantum Efficiency, and Absorption Cross Section of Multicarrier States in Single Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7487-7493. [PMID: 29160715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon photo- or electrical-excitation, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are often found in multicarrier states due to multiphoton absorption, photocharging, or imbalanced carrier injection of the QDs. While many of these multicarrier states are observed in single-dot spectroscopy, their properties are not well studied due to random charging/discharging, emission intensity intermittency, and uncontrolled surface defects of single QDs. Here we report in situ deciphering of the charging status, precisely assessing the absorption cross section, and determining the absolute emission quantum yield of monoexciton and biexciton states for neutral, positively charged, and negatively charged single core/shell CdSe/CdS QDs. We uncover very different photon statistics of the three charge states in single QDs and unambiguously identify their charge signs together with the information on their photoluminescence decay dynamics. We then show their distinct photoluminescence saturation behaviors and evaluate the absolute values of absorption cross sections and quantum efficiencies of monoexcitons and biexcitons. We demonstrate that the addition of an extra hole or electron in a QD not only changes its emission properties but also varies its absorption cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwang Xu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Hou
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongjun Meng
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyang Meng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sattari H, Rashed AR, Ozbay E, Caglayan H. Bright off-axis directional emission with plasmonic corrugations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30827-30842. [PMID: 29245763 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new plasmonic bulls-eye structure is introduced to efficiently harvest the emitted light from diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. We show that the presence of a simple metal sub-layer underneath of a conventional bulls-eye antenna, separated by a dielectric layer, results in the spontaneous emission enhancement and increment in out-coupled light intensity. High Purcell factor is accessible in such a structure, which consequently boosts efficiency of the radiated light intensity from the structure. The structure shows considerable enhancement in far-field intensity, about three times higher than that of a one-side corrugated (conventional) optimized structure. In addition, we study for the first time asymmetric structures to steer emitted beams in two-axis. Our results show that spatial off-axial steering over a cone is approachable by introducing optimal asymmetries to grooves and ridges of the structure. The steered light retains a level of intensity even higher than conventional symmetric structures. A high value of directivity of 16 for off-axis steering is reported.
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16
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Dipole Emission to Surface Plasmon-Coupled Enhanced Transmission in Diamond Substrates with Nitrogen Vacancy Center- Near the Surface. PHOTONICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics4010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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