1
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Song S, Rahaman M, Jariwala D. Can 2D Semiconductors Be Game-Changers for Nanoelectronics and Photonics? ACS NANO 2024; 18:10955-10978. [PMID: 38625032 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
2D semiconductors have interesting physical and chemical attributes that have led them to become one of the most intensely investigated semiconductor families in recent history. They may play a crucial role in the next technological revolution in electronics as well as optoelectronics or photonics. In this Perspective, we explore the fundamental principles and significant advancements in electronic and photonic devices comprising 2D semiconductors. We focus on strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of conventional devices and exploiting important properties of 2D semiconductors that allow fundamentally interesting device functionalities for future applications. Approaches for the realization of emerging logic transistors and memory devices as well as photovoltaics, photodetectors, electro-optical modulators, and nonlinear optics based on 2D semiconductors are discussed. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on critical remaining challenges and opportunities for basic science and technology level applications of 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunguk Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Sengupta S, Ambade SB, O'Keefe TL, Tawakalna F, Hedlund Orbeck JK, Hamers RJ, Feng ZV, Haynes CL, Rosenzweig Z. Colloidal stabilization of hydrophobic InSe 2D nanosheets in a model environmental aqueous solution and their impact on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2024; 11:627-636. [PMID: 38881831 PMCID: PMC11178355 DOI: 10.1039/d3en00382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor InSe 2D nanomaterials have emerged as potential photoresponsive materials for broadly distributed photodetectors and wearable electronics technologies due to their high photoresponsivity and thermal stability. This paper addresses an environmental concern about the fate of InSe 2D nanosheets when disposed and released into the environment after use. Semiconducting materials are potentially reactive and often form environmentally damaging species, for example reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, when degraded. InSe nanosheets are prepared using a semi bottom-up approach which involves a reaction between indium and selenium precursors at elevated temperature in an oxygen-free environment to prevent oxidation. InSe nanosheets are formed as a stable intermediate with micrometer-sized lateral dimensions and a few monolayer thickness. The InSe 2D nanosheets are obtained when the reaction is stopped after 30 minutes by cooling. Keeping the reaction at elevated temperature for a longer period, for example 60 minutes leads to the formation of InSe 3D nanoparticles of about 5 nm in diameter, a thermodynamically more stable form of InSe. The paper focuses on the colloidal stabilization of InSe nanosheets in an aqueous solution that contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural organic matter (NOM) simulant. We show that EGCG coats the surface of the hydrophobic, water-insoluble InSe nanosheets via physisorption. The formed EGCG-coated InSe nanosheets are colloidally stable in aqueous solution. While unmodified semiconducting InSe nanosheets could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when illuminated, our study shows low levels of ROS generation by EGCG-coated InSe nanosheets under ambient light, which might be attributed to ROS quenching by EGCG. Growth-based viability (GBV) assays show that the colloidally stable EGCG-coated InSe nanosheets adversely impact the bacterial growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, an environmentally relevant Gram-negative bacterium in aqueous media. The impact on bacterial growth is driven by the EGCG coating of the nanosheets. In addition, live/dead assays show insignificant membrane damage of the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cells by InSe nanosheets, suggesting a weak association of EGCG-coated nanosheets with the cells. It is likely that the adverse impact of EGCG-coated nanosheets on bacterial growth is the result of increasing local concentration of EGCG either when adsorbed on the nanosheets when the nanosheets interact with the cells, or when desorbed from the EGCG-coated nanosheets to interact with the bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Swapnil B Ambade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Tana L O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Falak Tawakalna
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
| | | | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Vivian Feng
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
- Council on Science and Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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3
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Liu X, Li Z, Jiang H, Wang X, Xia P, Duan Z, Ren Y, Xiang H, Li H, Zeng J, Zhou Y, Liu S. Enhanced HER Efficiency of Monolayer MoS 2 via S Vacancies and Nano-Cones Array Induced Strain Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307293. [PMID: 38047540 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) has gained significant attention as a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The catalytic performance of MoS2 can be enhanced by either altering its structure or regulating external conditions. In this study, a novel approach combining the introduction of sulfur vacancy (VS ) and biaxial tensile strain to create more active sites and modulate the band structure of monolayer MoS2 is proposed. To achieve the desired strain level, nano-cones (NCs) array substrates facilely fabricated by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) are employed. The magnitude of the applied tensile strain can be finely tuned via adjusting the height of the NCs. Furthermore, on-chip electrochemical devices are constructed based on artificial structures, enabling precise optimization of HER performance of MoS2 through the synergistic effect of VS and strain. Combined with the d-band theory, it reveals that the HER properties of VS -MoS2 are highly dependent on the degree of tensile strain. This study presents a promising avenue for the design and preparation of high-performance 2D catalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zeqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Pufeihong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhuojun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yizhang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yige Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Hunan University in Chongqing, Chongqing, 401151, P. R. China
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4
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Bao X, Wu X, Ke Y, Wu K, Jiang C, Wu B, Li J, Yue S, Zhang S, Shi J, Du W, Zhong Y, Hu H, Bai P, Gong Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu X. Giant Out-of-Plane Exciton Emission Enhancement in Two-Dimensional Indium Selenide via a Plasmonic Nanocavity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3716-3723. [PMID: 37125916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-plane (OP) exciton-based emitters in two-dimensional semiconductor materials are attractive candidates for novel photonic applications, such as radially polarized sources, integrated photonic chips, and quantum communications. However, their low quantum efficiency resulting from forbidden transitions limits their practicality. In this work, we achieve a giant enhancement of up to 34000 for OP exciton emission in indium selenide (InSe) via a designed Ag nanocube-over-Au film plasmonic nanocavity. The large photoluminescence enhancement factor (PLEF) is attributed to the induced OP local electric field (Ez) within the nanocavity, which facilitates effective OP exciton-plasmon interaction and subsequent tremendous enhancement. Moreover, the nanoantenna effect resulting from the effective interaction improves the directivity of spontaneous radiation. Our results not only reveal an effective photoluminescence enhancement approach for OP excitons but also present an avenue for designing on-chip photonic devices with an OP dipole orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Bao
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Huatian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhao L, Jiang Y, Li C, Liang Y, Wei Z, Wei X, Zhang Q. Probing Anisotropic Deformation and Near-Infrared Emission Tuning in Thin-Layered InSe Crystal under High Pressure. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3493-3500. [PMID: 37023469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Indium selenide (InSe) exhibits high lattice compressibility and an extraordinary capability of tailoring the optical band gap under pressure beyond other 2D materials. Herein, by applying hydrostatic pressure via a diamond anvil cell, we revealed an anisotropic deformation dynamic and efficient manipulation of near-infrared light emission in thin-layered InSe strongly correlated to layer numbers (N = 5-30). As N > 20, the InSe lattice is compressed in all directions, and the intralayer compression leads to widening of the band gap, resulting in an emission blue shift (∼120 meV at 1.5 GPa). In contrast, as N ≤ 15, an efficient emission red shift is observed from band gap shrinkage (rate of 100 meV GPa-1), which is attributed to the predominant uniaxial interlayer compression because of the high strain resistance along the InSe-diamond interface. These findings advance the understanding of pressure-induced lattice deformation and optical transition evolution in InSe and could be applied to other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International school for optoelectronic engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoding Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Nanchang Innovation Institute, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Wang J, Yue X, Zhu J, Hu L, Liu R, Cong C, Qiu ZJ. Revealing the origin of PL evolution of InSe flake induced by laser irradiation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7780-7788. [PMID: 36909766 PMCID: PMC9994422 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00324h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional InSe has been considered as a promising candidate for novel optoelectronic devices owing to large electron mobility and a near-infrared optical band gap. However, its widespread applications suffer from environmental instability. A lot of theoretical studies on the degradation mechanism of InSe have been reported whereas the experimental proofs are few. Meanwhile, the role of the extrinsic environment is still obscure during the degradation. As a common technique of studying the degradation mechanism of 2D materials, laser irradiation exhibits many unique advantages, such as being fast, convenient, and offering in situ compatibility. Here, we have developed a laser-treated method, which involves performing repeated measurements at the same point while monitoring the evolution of the resulting PL, to systematically study the photo-induced degradation process of InSe. Interestingly, we observe different evolution behavior of PL intensity under weak irradiation and strong irradiation. Our experimental results indicate the vacancy passivation and degrading effect simultaneously occurring in InSe under a weak laser irradiation, resulting in the PL increasing first and then decreasing during the measurement. Meanwhile we also notice that the passivation has a stronger effect on the PL than the degrading effect of weak oxidation. In contrast, under a strong laser irradiation, the InSe suffers serious destruction caused by excess heating and intense oxidation. This leads to a direct decrease of PL and corresponding oxidative products. Our work provides a reliable experimental supplement to the photo oxidation study of InSe and opens up a new avenue to regulate the PL of InSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xiaofei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - JunQiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Laigui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China .,Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University Yiwu City 322000 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhi-Jun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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7
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Pasquale G, Sun Z, Čerņevičs K, Perea-Causin R, Tagarelli F, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Malic E, Yazyev OV, Kis A. Flat-Band-Induced Many-Body Interactions and Exciton Complexes in a Layered Semiconductor. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8883-8891. [PMID: 36346874 PMCID: PMC9707521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among a collection of particles generate many-body effects in solids that result in striking modifications of material properties. The heavy carrier mass that yields strong interactions and gate control of carrier density over a wide range makes two-dimensional semiconductors an exciting playground to explore many-body physics. The family of III-VI metal monochalcogenides emerges as a new platform for this purpose because of its excellent optical properties and the flat valence band dispersion. In this work, we present a complete study of charge-tunable excitons in few-layer InSe by photoluminescence spectroscopy. From the optical spectra, we establish that free excitons in InSe are more likely to be captured by ionized donors leading to the formation of bound exciton complexes. Surprisingly, a pronounced red shift of the exciton energy accompanied by a decrease of the exciton binding energy upon hole-doping reveals a significant band gap renormalization induced by the presence of the Fermi reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pasquale
- Institute
of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute
of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristia̅ns Čerņevičs
- Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raul Perea-Causin
- Chalmers
University of Technology, Department of Physics, 412
96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fedele Tagarelli
- Institute
of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - Ermin Malic
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35032Marburg, Germany
- Chalmers
University of Technology, Department of Physics, 412
96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oleg V. Yazyev
- Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andras Kis
- Institute
of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Zhao Y, Cho J, Choi M, Ó Coileáin C, Arora S, Hung KM, Chang CR, Abid M, Wu HC. Light-Tunable Polarity and Erasable Physisorption-Induced Memory Effect in Vertically Stacked InSe/SnS 2 Self-Powered Photodetector. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17347-17355. [PMID: 36153977 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals heterojunctions with tunable polarity are being actively explored for more Moore and more-than-Moore device applications, as they can greatly simplify circuit design. However, inadequate control over the multifunctional operational states is still a challenge in their development. Here, we show that a vertically stacked InSe/SnS2 van der Waals heterojunction exhibits type-II band alignment, and its polarity can be tuned by an external electric field and by the wavelength and intensity of an illuminated light source. Moreover, such SnS2/InSe diodes are self-powered broadband photodetectors with good performance. The self-powered performance can be further enhanced significantly with gas adsorption, and the device can be quickly restored to the state before gas injection using a gate voltage pulse. Our results suggest a way to achieve and design multiple functions in a single device with multifield coupling of light, electrical field, gas, or other external stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jiung Cho
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03579, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Choi
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cormac Ó Coileáin
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg 85577, Germany
| | - Sunil Arora
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kuan-Ming Hung
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ray Chang
- Quantum information center, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mohamed Abid
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Han-Chun Wu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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9
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Guo H, Lang X, Tian X, Jiang W, Wang G. Tunable Schottky barrier in Janus- XGa 2Y/Graphene ( X/ Y = S, Se, Te; X≠ Y) van der Waals heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:425704. [PMID: 35817003 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials have attracted significant attention due to their asymmetrical structures and unique electronic properties. In this work, by using the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory, we systematically investigate the electronic properties of 6 types of Janus-XGa2Y/Graphene van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). The results show that the Janus-XGa2Y/Graphene vdWHs are connected by weak interlayer vdW forces and can form n-type Schottky contact, p-type Schottky contact or Ohmic contact when the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is not considered. However, when considering SOC, only the SeGa2S/G and G/SeGa2S vdWHs show n-type Schottky contact, and other vdWHs show Ohmic contacts. In addition, the Schottky barriers and contact types of SeGa2S/Graphene and Graphene/SeGa2S vdWHs can be effectively modulated by interlayer distance and biaxial strain. They can be transformed from intrinsic n-type Schottky contact to p-type Schottky contact when the interlayer distances are smaller than 2.65 Å and 2.90 Å, respectively. They can also be transformed to Ohmic contact by applying external biaxial strain. Our work can provide useful guidelines for designing Schottky nanodiodes, field effect transistors or other low-resistance nanodevices based on the 2D vdWHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- School of Urban Construction, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
- Material Simulation and Computing Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinghuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Lang
- Material Simulation and Computing Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinghuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Tian
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Optoelectronic Devices and Intelligent Perception Systems, Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
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10
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Uddin MG, Das S, Shafi AM, Khayrudinov V, Ahmed F, Fernandez H, Du L, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. Engineering the Dipole Orientation and Symmetry Breaking with Mixed-Dimensional Heterostructures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200082. [PMID: 35532325 PMCID: PMC9284189 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of the dipole and the symmetry of materials plays an important role in fundamental research and technical applications. Here, a novel morphological manipulation strategy to engineer the dipole orientation and symmetry of 2D layered materials by integrating them with 1D nanowires (NWs) is reported. This 2D InSe -1D AlGaAs NW heterostructure example shows that the in-plane dipole moments in InSe can be engineered in the mixed-dimensional heterostructure to significantly enhance linear and nonlinear optical responses (e.g., photoluminescence, Raman, and second harmonic generation) with an enhancement factor of up to ≈12. Further, the 1D NW can break the threefold rotational symmetry of 2D InSe, leading to a strong optical anisotropy of up to ≈65%. These results of engineering dipole orientation and symmetry breaking with the mixed-dimensional heterostructures open a new path for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Gius Uddin
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Abde Mayeen Shafi
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Vladislav Khayrudinov
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Henry Fernandez
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Luojun Du
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityTietotie 3EspooFI‐02150Finland
- QTF Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of Applied PhysicsAalto UniversityAaltoFI‐00076Finland
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11
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Li N, Okmi A, Jabegu T, Zheng H, Chen K, Lomashvili A, Williams W, Maraba D, Kravchenko I, Xiao K, He K, Lei S. van der Waals Semiconductor Empowered Vertical Color Sensor. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8619-8629. [PMID: 35436098 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic artificial vision is receiving significant attention nowadays, particularly for the development of neuromorphic electronic devices, artificial intelligence, and microrobotics. Nevertheless, color recognition, the most critical vision function, is missed in the current research due to the difficulty of downscaling of the prevailing color sensing devices. Conventional color sensors typically adopt a lateral color sensing channel layout and consume a large amount of physical space, whereas compact designs suffer from an unsatisfactory color detection accuracy. In this work, we report a van der Waals semiconductor-empowered vertical color sensing structure with the emphasis on compact device profile and precise color recognition capability. More attractive, we endow color sensor hardware with the function of chromatic aberration correction, which can simplify the design of an optical lens system and, in turn, further downscales the artificial vision systems. Also, the dimension of a multiple pixel prototype device in our study confirms the scalability and practical potentials of our developed device architecture toward the above applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Aisha Okmi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tara Jabegu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hongkui Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Alexander Lomashvili
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Westley Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Diren Maraba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ivan Kravchenko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kai He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sidong Lei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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12
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Zhao L, Liang Y, Cai X, Du J, Wang X, Liu X, Wang M, Wei Z, Zhang J, Zhang Q. Engineering Near-Infrared Light Emission in Mechanically Exfoliated InSe Platelets through Hydrostatic Pressure for Multicolor Microlasing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3840-3847. [PMID: 35500126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
γ-indium selenide (InSe) is a van der Waals semiconductor and holds great potentials for low-energy-consumption electronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, we investigated the hydrostatic pressure engineered near-infrared (NIR) light emission of mechanically exfoliated γ-InSe crystals using the diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique. A record-wide spectral tuning range of 185 nm and a large linear pressure coefficient of 40 nm GPa-1 were achieved for spontaneous emissions, leading to ultrabroadband microlasing spectrally ranging from 1022 to 911 nm. This high emission tunability can be attributed to the compression of the soft intralayer In-Se bonds under high pressure, which suppressed the band gap shrinkage by increasing the interlayer interaction. Furthermore, two band gap crossovers of valence (direct-to-indirect) and conduction bands were resolved at approximately 4.0 and 7.0 GPa, respectively, resulting in pressure-sensitive emission lifetime and intensity. These findings pave the pathways for pressure-sensitive InSe-based NIR light sources, sensors and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinghong Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaxing Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Abstract
The two-dimensional layered semiconductor InSe, with its high carrier mobility, chemical stability, and strong charge transfer ability, plays a crucial role in optoelectronic devices. The number of InSe layers (L) has an important influence on its band structure and optoelectronic properties. Herein we present systematic investigations on few-layer (1L-7L) γ-InSe by optical contrast and Raman spectroscopy. We propose three quantified formulas to quickly identify the layer number using optical contrast, the frequency difference of two A1 modes, and ultralow-frequency Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Moreover, angle-resolved polarization Raman spectra show that γ-InSe is isotropic in the a-b plane. Furthermore, using Raman mapping, we find that the relative strength of the low-frequency interlayer shear modes is particularly sensitive to the interaction between the sample and the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Min Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Sui F, Jin M, Zhang Y, Hong J, Cheng Y, Qi R, Yue F, Huang R. Atomic insights into the influence of Bi doping on the optical properties of two-dimensional van der Waals layered InSe. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:224006. [PMID: 35290970 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5e07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a narrow-gap semiconductor, III-VI two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered indium selenide (InSe) has attracted a lot of attention due to excellent physical properties. For potential optoelectronic applications, the tunability of the optical property is challenging, e.g., the modulation of optical bandgap commonly by element doping. However, the deep understanding of the influence of element doping on the microstructure and the optical properties lacks of systematic investigation. In this work, by using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, we investigate the influence of Bi doping on controlling of the microstructure and optical properties of InSe single crystal in detail. The results show that Bi doping can introduce additional stacking faults in InSe single crystal, and more importantly, the atomic spacing and lattice constant of Bi-doped InSe are changed a lot as compared to that of the undoped one. Further optical characterizations including photoluminescence and transmission spectra reveal that Bi-doping can broaden the transmission wavelength range of InSe and make its optical bandgap blue-shift, which can also be physically interpreted from the doping-induced structure change. Our work expands new ideas for the optical property modulation of 2D thin-layer materials and brings new possibilities for the development of thin-layer InSe optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Sui
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jin
- College of Materials, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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15
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Li C, Zhao L, Shang Q, Wang R, Bai P, Zhang J, Gao Y, Cao Q, Wei Z, Zhang Q. Room-temperature Near-infrared Excitonic Lasing from Mechanically Exfoliated InSe Microflake. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1477-1485. [PMID: 34928140 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of chip-level near-infrared laser sources using two-dimensional semiconductors is imperative to maintain the architecture of van der Waals integrated optical interconnections. However, the established two-dimensional semiconductor lasers may have either the disadvantages of poor controllability of monolayered gain media, large optical losses on silicon, or complicated fabrication of external optical microcavities. This study demonstrates room-temperature near-infrared lasing from mechanically exfoliated γ-phase indium selenide (InSe) microflakes free from external optical microcavities at a center wavelength of ∼1030 nm. The lasing action occurs at the sub-Mott density level and is generated by exciton-exciton scattering with a high net modal optical gain of ∼1029 cm-1. Moreover, the lasing is sustained for microdisks fabricated by a simple laser printing with a reduced threshold. These results suggest that InSe is a promising material for near-infrared microlasers and can be employed in a wide range of applications, including imaging, sensing, and optical interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiuyu Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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16
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Huang TX, Dong B, Filbrun SL, Okmi AA, Cheng X, Yang M, Mansour N, Lei S, Fang N. Single-molecule photocatalytic dynamics at individual defects in two-dimensional layered materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj4452. [PMID: 34597131 PMCID: PMC10938566 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The insightful comprehension of in situ catalytic dynamics at individual structural defects of two-dimensional (2D) layered material, which is crucial for the design of high-performance catalysts via defect engineering, is still missing. Here, we resolved single-molecule trajectories resulted from photocatalytic activities at individual structural features (i.e., basal plane, edge, wrinkle, and vacancy) in 2D layered indium selenide (InSe) in situ to quantitatively reveal heterogeneous photocatalytic dynamics and surface diffusion behaviors. The highest catalytic activity was found at vacancy in a four-layer InSe, up to ~30× higher than that on the basal plane. Moreover, lower adsorption strength of reactant and slower dissociation/diffusion rates of product were found at more photocatalytic active defects. These distinct dynamic properties are determined by lattice structures/electronic energy levels of defects and layer thickness of supported InSe. Our findings shed light on the fundamental understanding of photocatalysis at defects and guide the rational defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Seth L. Filbrun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Aisha Ahmad Okmi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Nourhan Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sidong Lei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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17
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Kong Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang SH, Zhu JJ. Oblique and Asymmetric Klein Tunneling across Smooth NP Junctions or NPN Junctions in 8- Pmmn Borophene. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061462. [PMID: 34073150 PMCID: PMC8229593 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tunneling of electrons and holes in quantum structures plays a crucial role in studying the transport properties of materials and the related devices. 8-Pmmn borophene is a new two-dimensional Dirac material that hosts tilted Dirac cone and chiral, anisotropic massless Dirac fermions. We adopt the transfer matrix method to investigate the Klein tunneling of massless fermions across the smooth NP junctions and NPN junctions of 8-Pmmn borophene. Like the sharp NP junctions of 8-Pmmn borophene, the tilted Dirac cones induce the oblique Klein tunneling. The angle of perfect transmission to the normal incidence is 20.4∘, a constant determined by the Hamiltonian of 8-Pmmn borophene. For the NPN junction, there are branches of the Klein tunneling in the phase diagram. We find that the asymmetric Klein tunneling is induced by the chirality and anisotropy of the carriers. Furthermore, we show the oscillation of electrical resistance related to the Klein tunneling in the NPN junctions. One may analyze the pattern of electrical resistance and verify the existence of asymmetric Klein tunneling experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Kong
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian Li
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (S.-H.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Jia-Ji Zhu
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
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18
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Zhao Q, Wang T, Frisenda R, Castellanos‐Gomez A. Giant Piezoresistive Effect and Strong Bandgap Tunability in Ultrathin InSe upon Biaxial Strain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001645. [PMID: 33101864 PMCID: PMC7578899 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultrathin nature and dangling bonds free surface of 2D semiconductors allow for significant modifications of their bandgap through strain engineering. Here, thin InSe photodetector devices are biaxially stretched, finding, a strong bandgap tunability upon strain. The applied biaxial strain is controlled through the substrate expansion upon temperature increase and the effective strain transfer from the substrate to the thin InSe is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The bandgap change upon biaxial strain is determined through photoluminescence measurements, finding a gauge factor of up to ≈200 meV %-1. The effect of biaxial strain on the electrical properties of the InSe devices is further characterized. In the dark state, a large increase of the current is observed upon applied strain which gives a piezoresistive gauge factor value of ≈450-1000, ≈5-12 times larger than that of other 2D materials and of state-of-the-art silicon strain gauges. Moreover, the biaxial strain tuning of the InSe bandgap also translates in a strain-induced redshift of the spectral response of the InSe photodetectors with ΔE cut-off ≈173 meV at a rate of ≈360 meV %-1 of strain, indicating a strong strain tunability of the spectral bandwidth of the photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification ProcessingNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and DevicesMinistry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi'an710072P. R. China
- Materials Science FactoryInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM‐CSIC)MadridE‐28049Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification ProcessingNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and DevicesMinistry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Materials Science FactoryInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM‐CSIC)MadridE‐28049Spain
| | - Andres Castellanos‐Gomez
- Materials Science FactoryInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM‐CSIC)MadridE‐28049Spain
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19
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Hao Q, Liu J, Wang G, Chen J, Gan H, Zhu J, Ke Y, Chai Y, Lin J, Zhang W. Surface-Modified Ultrathin InSe Nanosheets with Enhanced Stability and Photoluminescence for High-Performance Optoelectronics. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11373-11382. [PMID: 32809802 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indium selenide (InSe) has become a research hotspot because of its favorable carrier mobility and thickness-tunable band gap, showing great application potential in high-performance optoelectronic devices. The trend of miniaturization in optoelectronics has forced the feature sizes of the electronic components to shrink accordingly. Therefore, atomically thin InSe crystals may play an important role in future optoelectronics. Given the instability and ultralow photoluminescent (PL) emission of mechanically exfoliated ultrathin InSe, synthesis of highly stable mono- and few-layer InSe nanosheets with high PL efficiency has become crucial. Herein, ultrathin InSe nanosheets were prepared via thermal annealing of electrochemically intercalated products from bulk InSe. The size and yield of the as-prepared nanosheets were up to ∼160 μm and ∼70%, respectively, and ∼80% of the nanosheets were less than five layer. Impressively, the as-prepared nanosheets showed greatly enhanced stability and PL emission because of surface modification by carbon species. Efficient photoresponsivity of 2 A/W was achieved in the as-prepared nanosheet-based devices. These nanosheets were further assembled into large-area thin films with photoresponsivity of 16 A/W and an average Hall mobility of about 5 cm2 V-1 s-1. Finally, one-dimensional (1D) InSe nanoscrolls with a length up to 90 μm were constructed by solvent-assisted self-assembly of the exfoliated nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Hao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiewei Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Haibo Gan
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuxuan Ke
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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20
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Chen F, Cui A, Wang X, Gao C, Xu L, Jiang K, Zhang J, Hu Z, Chu J. Lattice vibration characteristics in layered InSe films and the electronic behavior of field-effect transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:335702. [PMID: 32344392 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8df1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how temperature affects the structural and electronic properties for two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors could promote the application and development of nanoelectronic devices. Here, the temperature dependence of lattice structure for indium selenide (InSe) nanosheets and the corresponding electronic properties of 3 nm indium-deposited InSe field-effect transistors (FETs) are systematically demonstrated. Analyses of Raman spectra suggest that the difference of phonon frequency (Δω) for the A[Formula: see text] mode is found to be 3.14 cm-1, which is larger than that of the E[Formula: see text] mode due to the stronger electron-phonon coupling for the A[Formula: see text] mode. The device performance based on indium-deposited InSe is systematically explained using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and the predicted energy band structure. Furthermore, FETs based on temperature and variable thickness InSe flakes are designed as applicable devices. Our findings are of fundamental importance to explain the underlying physics in intrinsic InSe transistors and improve further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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21
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Sun Y, Li Y, Li T, Biswas K, Patanè A, Zhang L. New Polymorphs of 2D Indium Selenide with Enhanced Electronic Properties. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2001920. [PMID: 32774197 PMCID: PMC7405953 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The 2D semiconductor indium selenide (InSe) has attracted significant interest due its unique electronic band structure, high electron mobility, and wide tunability of its band gap energy achieved by varying the layer thickness. All these features make 2D InSe a potential candidate for advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, the discovery of new polymorphs of InSe with enhanced electronic properties is reported. Using a global structure search that combines artificial swarm intelligence with first-principles energetic calculations, polymorphs that consist of a centrosymmetric monolayer belonging to the point group D 3d are identified, distinct from well-known polymorphs based on the D 3h monolayers that lack inversion symmetry. The new polymorphs are thermodynamically and kinetically stable, and exhibit a wider optical spectral response and larger electron mobilities compared to the known polymorphs. Opportunities to synthesize these newly discovered polymorphs and viable routes to identify them by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsKey Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Yawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsKey Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Tianshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsKey Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Koushik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsArkansas State UniversityJonesboroAR72467USA
| | - Amalia Patanè
- School of Physics and AstronomyThe University of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsKey Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
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22
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Andres-Penares D, Canet-Albiach R, Noguera-Gomez J, Martínez-Pastor JP, Abargues R, Sánchez-Royo JF. Two-Dimensional Indium Selenide for Sulphur Vapour Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071396. [PMID: 32708372 PMCID: PMC7408355 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface-to-volume ratio in two-dimensional (2D) materials highlights among their characteristics as an inherent and intrinsic advantage taking into account their strong sensitivity to surface effects. For this reason, we have proposed in this work micromechanically exfoliated 2D nanosheets of InSe as an optical vapour sensor. As a proof of concept, we used 2-mercaptoethanol as the chemical analyte in vapour phase to monitor the change of the InSe photoluminescence (PL) before and after exposure to the analyte. For short vapour exposure times (at low analyte concentration), we found a PL enhancement of InSe nanosheets attributed to the surface localization of Se defects. For long vapour exposure times (or higher concentrations) a PL reduction is observed, probably due to the diffusion of molecules within the nanosheet. These results confirm the capability of 2D InSe as a photoluminescent sensor of vapours, because of its sensitivity to surface passivation or volume diffusion of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andres-Penares
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.-P.); (R.C.-A.); (J.N.-G.); (J.P.M.-P.); (R.A.)
| | - Rodolfo Canet-Albiach
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.-P.); (R.C.-A.); (J.N.-G.); (J.P.M.-P.); (R.A.)
| | - Jaume Noguera-Gomez
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.-P.); (R.C.-A.); (J.N.-G.); (J.P.M.-P.); (R.A.)
| | - Juan P. Martínez-Pastor
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.-P.); (R.C.-A.); (J.N.-G.); (J.P.M.-P.); (R.A.)
- MATINÉE: CSIC Associated Unit-(ICMM-ICMUV of the University of Valencia), Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Abargues
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.-P.); (R.C.-A.); (J.N.-G.); (J.P.M.-P.); (R.A.)
| | - Juan F. Sánchez-Royo
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain; (D.A.-P.); (R.C.-A.); (J.N.-G.); (J.P.M.-P.); (R.A.)
- MATINÉE: CSIC Associated Unit-(ICMM-ICMUV of the University of Valencia), Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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23
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Mamedov RM. A New Way of Obtaining Ultrathin Films of Indium Selenide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420060163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Felton J, Blundo E, Ling S, Glover J, Kudrynskyi ZR, Makarovsky O, Kovalyuk ZD, Besley E, Walker G, Polimeni A, Patané A. The Interaction of Hydrogen with the van der Waals Crystal γ-InSe. Molecules 2020; 25:E2526. [PMID: 32481752 PMCID: PMC7321205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the hydrogen economy requires development in the storage, generation and sensing of hydrogen. The indium selenide ( γ -InSe) van der Waals (vdW) crystal shows promise for technologies in all three of these areas. For these applications to be realised, the fundamental interactions of InSe with hydrogen must be understood. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study on the interaction of γ -InSe with hydrogen. It is shown that hydrogenation of γ -InSe by a Kaufman ion source results in a marked quenching of the room temperature photoluminescence signal and a modification of the vibrational modes of γ -InSe, which are modelled by density functional theory simulations. Our experimental and theoretical studies indicate that hydrogen is incorporated into the crystal preferentially in its atomic form. This behaviour is qualitatively different from that observed in other vdW crystals, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, where molecular hydrogen is intercalated in the vdW gaps of the crystal, leading to the formation of "bubbles" for hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Felton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (Z.R.K.); (O.M.)
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Elena Blundo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Joseph Glover
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Zakhar R. Kudrynskyi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (Z.R.K.); (O.M.)
| | - Oleg Makarovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (Z.R.K.); (O.M.)
| | - Zakhar D. Kovalyuk
- Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chernivtsi Branch, 58001 Chernivtsi, Ukraine;
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (J.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Gavin Walker
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Antonio Polimeni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Amalia Patané
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (Z.R.K.); (O.M.)
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25
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Li S, Zhong C, Henning A, Sangwan VK, Zhou Q, Liu X, Rahn MS, Wells SA, Park HY, Luxa J, Sofer Z, Facchetti A, Darancet P, Marks TJ, Lauhon LJ, Weiss EA, Hersam MC. Molecular-Scale Characterization of Photoinduced Charge Separation in Mixed-Dimensional InSe-Organic van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3509-3518. [PMID: 32078300 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Layered indium selenide (InSe) is an emerging two-dimensional semiconductor that has shown significant promise for high-performance transistors and photodetectors. The range of optoelectronic applications for InSe can potentially be broadened by forming mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures with zero-dimensional molecular systems that are widely employed in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Here, we report the spatially resolved investigation of photoinduced charge separation between InSe and two molecules (C70 and C8-BTBT) using scanning tunneling microscopy combined with laser illumination. We experimentally and computationally show that InSe forms type-II and type-I heterojunctions with C70 and C8-BTBT, respectively, due to an interplay of charge transfer and dielectric screening at the interface. Laser-excited scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a ∼0.25 eV decrease in the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of C70 with optical illumination. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy indicate that electron transfer from InSe to C70 in the type-II heterojunction induces a photovoltage that quantitatively matches the observed downshift in the tunneling spectra. In contrast, no significant changes are observed upon optical illumination in the type-I heterojunction formed between InSe and C8-BTBT. Density functional theory calculations further show that, despite the weak coupling between the molecular species and InSe, the band alignment of these mixed-dimensional heterostructures strongly differs from the one suggested by the ionization potential and electronic affinities of the isolated components. Self-energy-corrected density functional theory indicates that these effects are the result of the combination of charge redistribution at the interface and heterogeneous dielectric screening of the electron-electron interactions in the heterostructure. In addition to providing specific insight for mixed-dimensional InSe-organic van der Waals heterostructures, this work establishes a general experimental methodology for studying localized charge transfer at the molecular scale that is applicable to other photoactive nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Chengmei Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Alex Henning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Qunfei Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew S Rahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Spencer A Wells
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Hong Youl Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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26
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Feng H, Ning Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Yang F. Manipulating Optical Absorption of Indium Selenide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3000-3005. [PMID: 32095723 PMCID: PMC7033984 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose using periodic Au nanoparticles (NPs) in indium selenide-based optoelectronic devices to tune the optical absorption of indium selenide. Electromagnetic simulations show that optical absorption of indium selenide can be manipulated by tuning plasmonic resonance. The effect on the plasmonic resonance of the size, period of NPs, the thickness of silicon oxide, and the insulator spacer is systematically analyzed. A high absorption enhancement over the visible spectrum is achieved through systematic optimization of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Center
of Nanoelectronics and School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Center
of Nanoelectronics and School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huayu Feng
- Center
of Nanoelectronics and School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yafei Ning
- Center
of Nanoelectronics and School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanpeng Shi
- Center
of Nanoelectronics and School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Engineering
Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute
of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Engineering
Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute
of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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27
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Pan H, Cao L, Chu H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Li Y, Qi N, Sun Z, Jiang X, Wang R, Zhang H, Li D. Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of InSe Nanosheets for the Pulse Generation From 1 to 2 μm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48281-48289. [PMID: 31834767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few-layered InSe nanosheets were fabricated by the simple liquid-phase exfoliation method. The morphology and crystal structure features of InSe nanosheet sample were characterized comprehensively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum indicated that the liquid-phase exfoliated InSe nanosheets contained variously layered nanoflakes, where eight layers nanosheets dominate. In addition, the first-principle simulation was carried out to describe the electron density of states (DOS) and the electronic band structures. Moreover, the few-layered InSe nanosheets performed excellent nonlinear absorption properties in a broad spectral band. As an application, the stable passively Q-switched (PQS) lasers with few-layered InSe nanosheets saturable absorbers (SAs) were realized with the operating wavelengths at 1.06, 1.34, and 1.91 μm. The shortest pulse durations were 599, 520, and 210 ns, respectively. Our results confirmed that the few-layered InSe nanosheets could be an excellent candidate for pulsed lasers in wide spectral bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Pan
- School of Information Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Lihua Cao
- School of Information Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Hongwei Chu
- School of Information Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Shengzhi Zhao
- School of Information Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of State Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Na Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of State Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Zhenlu Sun
- School of Information Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Xiantao Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Dechun Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
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28
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Lugovskoi AV, Katsnelson MI, Rudenko AN. Strong Electron-Phonon Coupling and its Influence on the Transport and Optical Properties of Hole-Doped Single-Layer InSe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:176401. [PMID: 31702262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.176401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that hole states in recently discovered single-layer InSe are strongly renormalized by the coupling with acoustic phonons. The coupling is enhanced significantly at moderate hole doping (∼10^{13} cm^{-2}) due to hexagonal warping of the Fermi surface. While the system remains dynamically stable, its electron-phonon spectral function exhibits sharp low-energy resonances, leading to the formation of satellite quasiparticle states near the Fermi energy. Such many-body renormalization is predicted to have two important consequences. First, it significantly suppresses charge carrier mobility reaching ∼1 cm^{2} V^{-1} s^{-1} at 100 K in a freestanding sample. Second, it gives rise to unusual temperature-dependent optical excitations in the midinfrared region. Relatively small charge carrier concentrations and realistic temperatures suggest that these excitations may be observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Lugovskoi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics Department, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A N Rudenko
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics Department, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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29
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Brotons-Gisbert M, Proux R, Picard R, Andres-Penares D, Branny A, Molina-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Royo JF, Gerardot BD. Out-of-plane orientation of luminescent excitons in two-dimensional indium selenide. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3913. [PMID: 31477714 PMCID: PMC6718420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals materials offer a wide range of atomic layers with unique properties that can be easily combined to engineer novel electronic and photonic devices. A missing ingredient of the van der Waals platform is a two-dimensional crystal with naturally occurring out-of-plane luminescent dipole orientation. Here we measure the far-field photoluminescence intensity distribution of bulk InSe and two-dimensional InSe, WSe2 and MoSe2. We demonstrate, with the support of ab-initio calculations, that layered InSe flakes sustain luminescent excitons with an intrinsic out-of-plane orientation, in contrast with the in-plane orientation of dipoles we find in two-dimensional WSe2 and MoSe2 at room-temperature. These results, combined with the high tunability of the optical response and outstanding transport properties, position layered InSe as a promising semiconductor for novel optoelectronic devices, in particular for hybrid integrated photonic chips which exploit the out-of-plane dipole orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Raphaël Proux
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Raphaël Picard
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Daniel Andres-Penares
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - Artur Branny
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Molina-Sánchez
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Royo
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Brian D Gerardot
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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30
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Wang Q, Han L, Wu L, Zhang T, Li S, Lu P. Strain Effect on Thermoelectric Performance of InSe Monolayer. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:287. [PMID: 31428878 PMCID: PMC6702491 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering is a practical method to tune and improve the physical characteristics and properties of two-dimensional materials, due to their large stretchability. Tensile strain dependence of electronic, phonon, and thermoelectric properties of InSe monolayer are systematically studied. We demonstrate that the lattice thermal conductivity can be effectively modulated by applying tensile strain. Tensile strain can enhance anharmonic phonon scattering, giving rise to the enhanced phonon scattering rate, reduced phonon group velocity and heat capacity, and therefore lattice thermal conductivity decreases from 25.9 to 13.1 W/mK when the strain of 6% is applied. The enhanced figure of merit indicates that tensile strain is an effective way to improve the thermoelectric performance of InSe monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Lihong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Shanjun Li
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
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31
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Chang CY, Lin HT, Lai MS, Yu CL, Wu CR, Chou HC, Lin SY, Chen C, Shih MH. Large-Area and Strain-Reduced Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide Monolayer Emitters on a Three-Dimensional Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26243-26249. [PMID: 31283173 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin membranes of two-dimensional (2-D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have distinct emission properties, which can be utilized for realizing ultrathin optoelectronic integrated systems in the future. Growing a large-area and strain-reduced monolayer 2-D material on a three-dimensional (3-D) substrate with microstructures or nanostructures is a crucial technique because the electronic band structure of TMDC atomic layers is strongly affected by the number of stacked layers and strain. In this study, a large-area and strain-reduced MoS2 monolayer was fabricated on a 3-D substrate through a two-step growth procedure. The material characteristics and optical properties of monolayer TMDCs fabricated on the nonplanar substrate were examined. The growth of monolayer MoS2 on a cone-shaped sapphire substrate effectively reduced the tensile strain induced by the substrate by decreasing the thermal expansion mismatch between the 2-D material and the substrate. Monolayer MoS2 grown on the nonplanar substrate exhibited uniform strain reduction and luminescence intensity. The fabrication of monolayer MoS2 on a nonplanar substrate increased the light extraction efficiency. In the future, large-area and strain-reduced 2-D TMDC materials grown on a nonplanar substrate can be employed as novel light-emitting devices for applications in lighting, communication, and displays for the development of ultrathin optoelectronic integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yun Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ting Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Lai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Chiao-Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Yu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Chong-Rong Wu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - He-Chun Chou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chi Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Shih
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Chiao-Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Department of Photonics , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 80424 , Taiwan
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32
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Modulation of Electronic Behaviors of InSe Nanosheet and Nanoribbons: The First‐Principles Study. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Zhao Q, Frisenda R, Wang T, Castellanos-Gomez A. InSe: a two-dimensional semiconductor with superior flexibility. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9845-9850. [PMID: 31086869 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional indium selenide (InSe) has attracted extensive attention recently due to its record-high charge carrier mobility and photoresponsivity in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of this material in the ultra-thin regime have not been investigated yet. Here, we present our efforts to determine the Young's modulus of thin InSe (∼1-2 layers to ∼34 layers) flakes experimentally by using a buckling-based methodology. We find that the Young's modulus has a value of 23.1 ± 5.2 GPa, one of the lowest values reported to date for crystalline two-dimensional materials. This superior flexibility can be very attractive for different applications, such as strain engineering and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China and Materials Science Factory. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, E-28049, Spain.
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Materials Science Factory. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, E-28049, Spain.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Andres Castellanos-Gomez
- Materials Science Factory. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, E-28049, Spain.
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34
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Chang HC, Tu CL, Lin KI, Pu J, Takenobu T, Hsiao CN, Chen CH. Synthesis of Large-Area InSe Monolayers by Chemical Vapor Deposition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802351. [PMID: 30152600 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D materials of indium selenide (InSe) layers have attracted much attention from the scientific community due to their high mobility transport and fascinating physical properties. To date, reports on the synthesis of high-quality and scalable InSe atomic films are limited. Here, a synthesis of InSe atomic layers by vapor phase selenization of In2 O3 in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system, resulting in large-area monolayer flakes or thin films, is reported. The atomic films are continuous and uniform over a large area of 1 × 1 cm2 , comprising of primarily InSe monolayers. Spectroscopic and microscopic measurements reveal the highly crystalline nature of the synthesized InSe monolayers. The ion-gel-gated field-effect transistors based on CVD InSe monolayers exhibit n-type channel behaviors, where the field effect electron mobility values can be up to ≈30 cm2 V-1 s-1 along with an on/off current ratio, of >104 at room temperature. In addition, the graphene can serve as a protection layer to prevent the oxidation between InSe and the ambient environment. Meanwhile, the synthesized InSe films can be transferred to arbitrary substrates, enabling the possibility of reassembly of various 2D materials into vertically stacked heterostructures, prompting research efforts to probe its characteristics and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ching Chang
- Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Tu
- Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-I Lin
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jiang Pu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Taishi Takenobu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Chien-Nan Hsiao
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsiao Chen
- Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
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35
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Li Y, Wang T, Wang H, Li Z, Chen Y, West D, Sankar R, Ulaganathan RK, Chou F, Wetzel C, Xu CY, Zhang S, Shi SF. Enhanced Light Emission from the Ridge of Two-Dimensional InSe Flakes. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5078-5084. [PMID: 30021441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
InSe, a newly rediscovered two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, possesses superior electrical and optical properties as a direct-band-gap semiconductor with high mobility from bulk to atomically thin layers and is drastically different from transition-metal dichalcogenides, in which the direct band gap only exists at the single-layer limit. However, absorption in InSe is mostly dominated by an out-of-plane dipole contribution, which results in the limited absorption of normally incident light that can only excite the in-plane dipole at resonance. To address this challenge, we have explored a unique geometric ridge state of the 2D flake without compromising the sample quality. We observed the enhanced absorption at the ridge over a broad range of excitation frequencies from photocurrent and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. In addition, we have discovered new PL peaks at low temperatures due to defect states on the ridge, which can be as much as ∼60 times stronger than the intrinsic PL peak of InSe. Interestingly, the PL of the defects is highly tunable through an external electrical field, which can be attributed to the Stark effect of the localized defects. InSe ridges thus provide new avenues for manipulating light-matter interactions and defect engineering that are vitally crucial for novel optoelectronic devices based on 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | | | | | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | | | | | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Nangang, Taipei , Taiwan 11529 , Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Science , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Rajesh K Ulaganathan
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Nangang, Taipei , Taiwan 11529 , Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Science , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Fangcheng Chou
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Nangang, Taipei , Taiwan 11529 , Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Science , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan 10617 , Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
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36
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Wu M, Shi JJ, Zhang M, Ding YM, Wang H, Cen YL, Lu J. Enhancement of photoluminescence and hole mobility in 1- to 5-layer InSe due to the top valence-band inversion: strain effect. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11441-11451. [PMID: 29882944 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) few-layer InSe nanosheets have become one of the most interesting materials due to their excellent electron transport, wide bandgap tunability and good metal contact. However, their low photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and hole mobility seriously restrict their application in 2D InSe-based nano-devices. Here, by exerting a suitable compressive strain, a remarkable modification for the electronic structure and the optical and transport properties of 1- to 5-layer InSe has been confirmed by powerful GW-BSE calculations. Both top valence band inversion and indirect-to-direct bandgap transition are induced; the light polarization is reversed from E||c to E⊥c; and the PL intensity and hole mobility are enhanced greatly. Surprisingly, under 6% compressive strain, the light emission of monolayer InSe with E⊥c is allowed at 2.58 eV, which has never been observed previously. Meanwhile, for the 2D few-layer InSe, the PL with E⊥c polarization increases over 10 times in intensity and has a blue-shift at about 0.6-0.7 eV, and the hole mobility increases two orders of magnitude up to 103 cm2 V-1 s-1, as high as electron mobility. The strained few-layer InSe are thus a promising candidate for future 2D electronic and optoelectronic nano-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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37
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Guo Y, Zhou S, Bai Y, Zhao J. Defects and oxidation of group-III monochalcogenide monolayers. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:104709. [PMID: 28915755 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various two-dimensional (2D) materials, monolayer group-III monochalcogenides (GaS, GaSe, InS, and InSe) stand out owing to their potential applications in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Devices made of these novel 2D materials are sensitive to environmental gases, especially O2 molecules. To address this critical issue, here we systematically investigate the oxidization behaviors of perfect and defective group-III monochalcogenide monolayers by first-principles calculations. The perfect monolayers show superior oxidation resistance with large barriers of 3.02-3.20 eV for the dissociation and chemisorption of O2 molecules. In contrast, the defective monolayers with single chalcogen vacancy are vulnerable to O2, showing small barriers of only 0.26-0.36 eV for the chemisorption of an O2 molecule. Interestingly, filling an O2 molecule to the chalcogen vacancy of group-III monochalcogenide monolayers could preserve the electronic band structure of the perfect system-the bandgaps are almost intact and the carrier effective masses are only moderately disturbed. On the other hand, the defective monolayers with single vacancies of group-III atoms carry local magnetic moments of 1-2 μB. These results help experimental design and synthesis of group-III monochalcogenides based 2D devices with high performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yizhen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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38
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Sun Y, Luo S, Zhao XG, Biswas K, Li SL, Zhang L. InSe: a two-dimensional material with strong interlayer coupling. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7991-7998. [PMID: 29610784 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin, two-dimensional (2D) indium selenide (InSe) has attracted considerable attention due to the large tunability in the band gap (from 1.4 to 2.6 eV) and high carrier mobility. The intriguingly high dependence of the band gap on layer thickness may lead to novel device applications, although its origin remains poorly understood, and is generally attributed to the quantum confinement effect. In this work, we demonstrate via first-principles calculations that strong interlayer coupling may be mainly responsible for this phenomenon, especially in the fewer-layer region, and it could also be an essential factor influencing other material properties of β-InSe and γ-InSe. The existence of strong interlayer coupling manifests itself in three aspects: (i) indirect-to-direct band gap transitions with increasing layer thickness; (ii) fan-like frequency diagrams of the shear and breathing modes of few-layer flakes; and (iii) strong layer-dependent carrier mobilities. Our results indicate that multiple-layer InSe may be deserving of attention from FET-based technologies and may also be an ideal system to study interlayer coupling, possibly inherent in other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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39
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Antonius G, Qiu DY, Louie SG. Orbital Symmetry and the Optical Response of Single-Layer MX Monochalcogenides. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1925-1929. [PMID: 29465238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We show that the absorption spectra of single-layer GaSe and GaTe in the hexagonal phase feature exciton peaks with distinct polarization selectivity. We investigate these distinct features from first-principles calculations using the GW-BSE formalism. We show that, because of the symmetry of the bands under in-plane mirror symmetry, the bound exciton states selectively couple to either in-plane or out-of-plane polarization of the light. In particular, for a p-polarized light absorption experiment, the absorption peaks of the hydrogenic s-like excitons emerge at large angle of incidence, while the overall absorbance reduces over the rest of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Antonius
- Department of Physics , University of Californi at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Physics , University of Californi at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics , University of Californi at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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40
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Song C, Fan F, Xuan N, Huang S, Zhang G, Wang C, Sun Z, Wu H, Yan H. Largely Tunable Band Structures of Few-Layer InSe by Uniaxial Strain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3994-4000. [PMID: 29322766 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of the strong quantum confinement effect, few-layer γ-InSe exhibits a layer-dependent band gap, spanning the visible and near infrared regions, and thus recently has been drawing tremendous attention. As a two-dimensional material, the mechanical flexibility provides an additional tuning knob for the electronic structures. Here, for the first time, we engineer the band structures of few-layer and bulk-like InSe by uniaxial tensile strain and observe a salient shift of photoluminescence peaks. The shift rate of the optical gap is approximately 90-100 meV per 1% strain for four- to eight-layer samples, which is much larger than that for the widely studied MoS2 monolayer. Density functional theory calculations well reproduce the observed layer-dependent band gaps and the strain effect and reveal that the shift rate decreases with the increasing layer number for few-layer InSe. Our study demonstrates that InSe is a very versatile two-dimensional electronic and optoelectronic material, which is suitable for tunable light emitters, photodetectors, and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fengren Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | - Shenyang Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | - Hua Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hugen Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
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41
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Kistanov AA, Cai Y, Zhou K, Dmitriev SV, Zhang YW. Effects of graphene/BN encapsulation, surface functionalization and molecular adsorption on the electronic properties of layered InSe: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12939-12947. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A proper adoption of the n- or p-type dopants allows for the modulation of the work function, the Fermi level pinning, the band bending, and the photo-adsorbing efficiency near the InSe surface/interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Kistanov
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Institute of High Performance Computing
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Singapore 138632
- Singapore
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Sergey V. Dmitriev
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ufa 450001
- Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Singapore 138632
- Singapore
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42
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Wei X, Dong C, Xu A, Li X, Macdonald DD. Oxygen-induced degradation of the electronic properties of thin-layer InSe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2238-2250. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of thin-layer InSe induced by O atoms was quantificationally studied by first-principles calculations and deformation potential theory from the aspects of structural relaxation, band structure, and carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Corrosion and Protection Center
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE)
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Chaofang Dong
- Corrosion and Protection Center
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE)
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Aoni Xu
- Corrosion and Protection Center
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE)
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Corrosion and Protection Center
- Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE)
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Digby D. Macdonald
- Department of Nuclear Engineering
- The University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
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43
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Zhou H, Cai Y, Zhang G, Zhang YW. Unusual phonon behavior and ultra-low thermal conductance of monolayer InSe. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:480-487. [PMID: 29231225 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07779c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer indium selenide (InSe) possesses numerous fascinating properties, such as high electron mobility, quantum Hall effect and anomalous optical response. However, its phonon properties, thermal transport properties and the origin of its structural stability remain unexplored. Using first-principles calculations, we show that the atoms in InSe are highly polarized and such polarization causes strong long-range dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). For acoustic modes, DDI is essential for maintaining its structural stability. For optical modes, DDI causes a significant frequency shift of its out-of-phase vibrations. Surprisingly, we observed that there were two isolated frequency regimes, which were completely separated from other frequency regimes with large frequency gaps. Within each frequency regime, only a single phonon mode exists. We further reveal that InSe possesses the lowest thermal conductance among the known two-dimensional materials due to the low cut-off frequency, low phonon group velocities and the presence of large frequency gaps. These unique behaviors of monolayer InSe can enable the fabrication of novel devices, such as thermoelectric module, single-mode phonon channel and phononic laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Zhou
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632.
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44
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Amara IB, Hichri A, Jaziri S. Indium selenide monolayer: strain-enhanced optoelectronic response and dielectric environment-tunable 2D exciton features. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:505302. [PMID: 29171963 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa98f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electronic and optical performances of the β-InSe monolayer (ML) are considerably boosted by tuning the corresponding band energies through lattice in-plane compressive strain engineering. First principles calculations show an indirect-direct gap transition with a large bandgap size. The crossover is due to different responses of the near-gap state energies with respect to strain. This is explained by the variation of In-Se bond length, the bond nature of near-band-edge electronic orbital and of the momentum angular contribution versus in-plane compressive strain. The effective masses of charge carriers are also found to be highly modulated and significantly light at the indirect-direct-gap transition. The tuned optical response of the resulting direct-gap ML β-InSe is evaluated versus applied energy to infer the allowed optical transitions, dielectric constants, semiconductor-metal behavior and refractive index. The environmental dielectric engineering of exciton behavior of the resulting direct-gap ML β-InSe is handled within the effective mass Wannier-Mott model and is expected to be important. Our results highlight the increase of binding energy and red-shifted exciton energy with decreasing screening substrates, resulting in a stable exciton at room temperature. The intensity and energy of the ground-state exciton emission are expected to be strongly influenced under substrate screening effect. According to our findings, the direct-gap ML β-InSe assures tremendous 2D optoelectronic and nanoelectronic merits that could overcome several limitations of unstrained ML β-InSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Amara
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université Tunis El Manar Campus Universitaire, 2092, Tunisia
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The Advent of Indium Selenide: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, Ambient Stability and Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7110372. [PMID: 29113090 PMCID: PMC5707589 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the various two-dimensional semiconductors, indium selenide has recently triggered the interest of scientific community, due to its band gap matching the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, with subsequent potential applications in optoelectronics and especially in photodetection. In this feature article, we discuss the main issues in the synthesis, the ambient stability and the application capabilities of this novel class of two-dimensional semiconductors, by evidencing open challenges and pitfalls. In particular, we evidence how the growth of single crystals with reduced amount of Se vacancies is crucial in the road map for the exploitation of indium selenide in technology through ambient-stable nanodevices with outstanding values of both mobility of charge carriers and ON/OFF ratio. The surface chemical reactivity of the InSe surface, as well as applications in the fields of broadband photodetection, flexible electronics and solar energy conversion are also discussed.
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46
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Kudrynskyi ZR, Bhuiyan MA, Makarovsky O, Greener JDG, Vdovin EE, Kovalyuk ZD, Cao Y, Mishchenko A, Novoselov KS, Beton PH, Eaves L, Patanè A. Giant Quantum Hall Plateau in Graphene Coupled to an InSe van der Waals Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:157701. [PMID: 29077458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.157701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a "giant" quantum Hall effect plateau in a graphene-based field-effect transistor where graphene is capped by a layer of the van der Waals crystal InSe. The giant quantum Hall effect plateau arises from the close alignment of the conduction band edge of InSe with the Dirac point of graphene. This feature enables the magnetic-field- and electric-field-effect-induced transfer of charge carriers between InSe and the degenerate Landau level states of the adjacent graphene layer, which is coupled by a van der Waals heterointerface to the InSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Kudrynskyi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - M A Bhuiyan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - O Makarovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - J D G Greener
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - E E Vdovin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Z D Kovalyuk
- Institute for Problems of Materials Science, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chernivtsi Branch, Chernivtsi 58001, Ukraine
| | - Y Cao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Mishchenko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K S Novoselov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - L Eaves
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - A Patanè
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Shi L, Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Ouyang Y, Ling C, Li Q, Wang J. Oxidation Mechanism and Protection Strategy of Ultrathin Indium Selenide: Insight from Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4368-4373. [PMID: 28846423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin indium selenide (InSe), as a newly emerging two-dimensional material with high carrier mobility and a broad absorption spectrum, has been the focus of current research. However, the long-term environmental instability of atomically thin InSe seriously limits its practical applications. To develop an effective strategy to protect InSe, it is crucial to reveal the degradation mechanism at the atomic level. By employing density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we provide an in-depth understanding of the oxidation mechanism of InSe. The defect-free InSe presents excellent stability against oxidation. Nevertheless, the Se vacancies on the surface can react with water and oxygen in air directly and activate the neighboring In-Se bonds on the basal plane for further oxidation, leading to complete degradation of InSe into oxidation products of In2O3 and elemental Se. Furthermore, we propose an efficient strategy to repair the Se vacancies by thiol chemistry. In this way, the repaired surface can resist oxidation from oxygen and retain the original high electron mobility of pristine InSe simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- School of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qionghua Zhou
- School of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yinghe Zhao
- School of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yixin Ouyang
- School of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chongyi Ling
- School of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
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Wang D, Li XB, Sun HB. Native defects and substitutional impurities in two-dimensional monolayer InSe. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11619-11624. [PMID: 28770912 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03389c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a burgeoning two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, InSe holds unique electronic properties and great promise for novel 2D electronic devices. To advance the development of 2D InSe devices, the exploration of n-type and p-type conductivities of InSe is indispensable. With first-principles calculations, we investigate the properties of native defects and substitutional impurities in monolayer InSe, including formation energies and ionization energies. As the traditional jellium scheme encounters an energy divergence for charged defects in 2D materials, an extrapolation approach is adopted here to obtain convergent energies. We find that In vacancy is a deep acceptor and Se vacancy is an electrically neutral defect. All the studied substitutional dopants at In or Se sites have high ionization energies in the range of 0.41-0.84 eV. However, electrons may transport through the defect-bound band edge states in XSe (X = Cl, Br, and I) as a potential source of n-type conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Andres-Penares D, Cros A, Martínez-Pastor JP, Sánchez-Royo JF. Quantum size confinement in gallium selenide nanosheets: band gap tunability versus stability limitation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:175701. [PMID: 28291012 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallium selenide is one of the most promising candidates to extend the window of band gap values provided by existing two-dimensional semiconductors deep into the visible potentially reaching the ultraviolet. However, the tunability of its band gap by means of quantum confinement effects is still unknown, probably due to poor nanosheet stability. Here, we demonstrate that the optical band gap band of GaSe nanosheets can be tuned by ∼120 meV from bulk to 8 nm thick. The luminescent response of very thin nanosheets (<8 nm) is strongly quenched due to early oxidation. Oxidation favors the emergence of sharp material nanospikes at the surface attributable to strain relaxation. Simultaneously, incorporated oxygen progressively replaces selenium giving rise to Ga2O3, with a residual presence of Ga2Se3 that tends to desorb. These results are relevant for the development and design of visible/ultraviolet electronics and optoelectronics with tunable functionalities based on atomically thin GaSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andres-Penares
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, PO Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cros
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, PO Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan P Martínez-Pastor
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, PO Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Royo
- ICMUV, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, PO Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
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50
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Yang Z, Jie W, Mak CH, Lin S, Lin H, Yang X, Yan F, Lau SP, Hao J. Wafer-Scale Synthesis of High-Quality Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Layered InSe with Broadband Photoresponse. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4225-4236. [PMID: 28316242 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) materials is one of the significant issues for fabricating layered materials into practical devices. As one of the typical III-VI semiconductors, InSe has attracted much attention due to its outstanding electrical transport property, attractive quantum physics characteristics, and dramatic photoresponse when it is reduced to atomic scale. However, scalable synthesis of single phase 2D InSe has not yet been achieved so far, greatly hindering further fundamental studies and device applications. Here, we demonstrate the direct growth of wafer-scale layered InSe nanosheets by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The obtained InSe layers exhibit good uniformity, high crystallinity with macro texture feature, and stoichiometric growth by in situ precise control. The characterization of optical properties indicates that PLD grown InSe nanosheets have a wide range tunable band gap (1.26-2.20 eV) among the large-scale 2D crystals. The device demonstration of field-effect transistor shows the n-type channel feature with high mobility of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1. Upon illumination, InSe-based phototransistors show a broad photoresponse to the wavelengths from ultraviolet to near-infrared. The maximum photoresponsivity attains 27 A/W, plus a response time of 0.5 s for the rise and 1.7 s for the decay, demonstrating the strong and fast photodetection ability. Our findings suggest that the PLD grown InSe would be a promising choice for future device applications in the 2D limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Jie
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hin Mak
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Huihong Lin
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Analytical and Testing Center, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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