1
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Krieger TM, Weidinger C, Oberleitner T, Undeutsch G, Rota MB, Tajik N, Aigner M, Buchinger Q, Schimpf C, Garcia AJ, Covre da Silva SF, Höfling S, Huber-Loyola T, Trotta R, Rastelli A. Postfabrication Tuning of Circular Bragg Resonators for Enhanced Emitter-Cavity Coupling. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:596-603. [PMID: 38405396 PMCID: PMC10885778 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters embedded in circular Bragg resonators are attractive due to their ability to emit quantum light with high brightness and low multiphoton probability. As for any emitter-microcavity system, fabrication imperfections limit the spatial and spectral overlap of the emitter with the cavity mode, thus limiting their coupling strength. Here, we show that an initial spectral mismatch can be corrected after device fabrication by repeated wet chemical etching steps. We demonstrate an ∼16 nm wavelength tuning for optical modes in AlGaAs resonators on oxide, leading to a 4-fold Purcell enhancement of the emission of single embedded GaAs quantum dots. Numerical calculations reproduce the observations and suggest that the achievable performance of the resonator is only marginally affected in the explored tuning range. We expect the method to be applicable also to circular Bragg resonators based on other material platforms, thus increasing the device yield of cavity-enhanced solid-state quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Krieger
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Weidinger
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Oberleitner
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Undeutsch
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Michele B. Rota
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Naser Tajik
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Aigner
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Quirin Buchinger
- Lehrstuhl
für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ailton J. Garcia
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Saimon F. Covre da Silva
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sven Höfling
- Lehrstuhl
für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Huber-Loyola
- Lehrstuhl
für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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2
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Lim J, Kumar S, Ang YS, Ang LK, Wong LJ. Quantum Interference between Fundamentally Different Processes Is Enabled by Shaped Input Wavefunctions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205750. [PMID: 36737853 PMCID: PMC10074114 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a general framework for quantum interference between processes that can involve different fundamental particles or quasi-particles. This framework shows that shaping input wavefunctions is a versatile and powerful tool for producing and controlling quantum interference between distinguishable pathways, beyond previously explored quantum interference between indistinguishable pathways. Two examples of quantum interference enabled by shaping in interactions between free electrons, bound electrons, and photons are presented: i) the vanishing of the zero-loss peak by destructive quantum interference when a shaped electron wavepacket couples to light, under conditions where the electron's zero-loss peak otherwise dominates; ii) quantum interference between free electron and atomic (bound electron) spontaneous emission processes, which can be significant even when the free electron and atom are far apart, breaking the common notion that a free electron and an atom must be close by to significantly affect each other's processes. Conclusions show that emerging quantum wave-shaping techniques unlock the door to greater versatility in light-matter interactions and other quantum processes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lim
- Science, Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Suraj Kumar
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- Science, Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Liang Jie Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
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3
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Zhang J, Chattaraj S, Huang Q, Jordao L, Lu S, Madhukar A. On-chip scalable highly pure and indistinguishable single-photon sources in ordered arrays: Path to quantum optical circuits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9252. [PMID: 36054351 PMCID: PMC10848962 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realization of quantum optical circuits is at the heart of quantum photonic information processing. A long-standing obstacle, however, has been the absence of a suitable platform of single photon sources (SPSs). Such SPSs need to be in spatially ordered arrays and produce, on-demand, highly pure, and indistinguishable single photons with sufficiently uniform emission characteristics to enable controlled interference between photons from distinct sources underpinning functional quantum optical networks. We report on such a platform of SPSs based on a unique class of epitaxial quantum dots dubbed mesa-top single quantum dot. Under resonant excitation, the spatially ordered SPSs (without Purcell enhancement) show single photon purity of >99% [g(2)(0) ~ 0.015], high two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibilities of 0.82 ± 0.03 (at 11.5 kelvin, without cavity), and spectral nonuniformity of <3 nanometers, within established locally tunable technology. Our platform of SPSs paves the path to creating on-chip scalable quantum photonic networks for communication, computation, simulation, sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Swarnabha Chattaraj
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qi Huang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lucas Jordao
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Siyuan Lu
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Anupam Madhukar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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4
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Richter M, Hughes S. Enhanced TEMPO Algorithm for Quantum Path Integrals with Off-Diagonal System-Bath Coupling: Applications to Photonic Quantum Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167403. [PMID: 35522504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multitime system correlation functions are relevant in various areas of physics and science, dealing with system-bath interaction including spectroscopy and quantum optics, where many of these schemes include an off-diagonal system bath interaction. Here we extend the enhanced time-evolving matrix product operator (eTEMPO) algorithm for quantum path integrals using tensor networks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 240602 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.240602 to open quantum systems with off-diagonal coupling beyond a single two level system. We exemplify the approach on a coupled cavity waveguide system with spatially separated quantum two-state emitters, though many other applications in material science are possible, including entangled photon propagation, photosynthesis spectroscopy, and on-chip quantum optics with realistic dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Richter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, EW 7-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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5
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Liu MX, Ma LL, Liu XY, Liu JY, Lu ZL, Liu R, He L. Combination of [12]aneN 3 and Triphenylamine-Benzylideneimidazolone as Nonviral Gene Vectors with Two-Photon and AIE Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42975-42987. [PMID: 31657894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three nonviral gene vectors, TPA-BI-A/B/C, have been designed and synthesized by the combination of one or two hydrophilic [12]aneN3 moieties and two-photon fluorescent triphenylamine-benzylideneimidazolone (TPA-BI) units through different ester linkage. Spectroscopic characterization demonstrated that TPA-BI-A/B/C had strong aggregation-induced emissions (AIE), large Stokes shifts (230, 284, and 263 nm), and large two-photon absorption cross sections (δ2PA) (67, 592, and 80 GM). Gel electrophoresis indicated that the three compounds completely condensed DNA at 15 μM in the presence of DOPE, and showed the lipase- and pH-triggered reversible release of DNA and the fluorescent recognition of the different lengths of ssDNA and dsDNA. The optimal TPA-BI-C/DOPE-mediated luciferase and GFP activity was 146% and 290% higher than those of Lipo2000. The transfection process of DNA could be traced clearly through one- and two-photon fluorescence spectra, and displayed in a 3D-video. TPA-BI-C/DOPE successfully transfected the GFP gene into zebrafish, which was superior to Lipo2000 (192%). In conclusion, TPA-BI-C/DOPE is the first nonviral gene vector with the abilities of pH/lipase enzyme responsiveness, one/two-photon fluorescent tracking of intracellular delivery of DNA, and successful transfection in vivo and in vitro, even better than Lipo2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Le Ma
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan He
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Institute of Chemical Drug Control , TianTanXiLi 2 , Beijing 100050 , China
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6
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Kim JH, Aghaeimeibodi S, Richardson CJK, Leavitt RP, Waks E. Super-Radiant Emission from Quantum Dots in a Nanophotonic Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4734-4740. [PMID: 29966093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Future scalable photonic quantum information processing relies on the ability of integrating multiple interacting quantum emitters into a single chip. Quantum dots provide ideal on-chip quantum light sources. However, achieving quantum interaction between multiple quantum dots on-a-chip is a challenging task due to the randomness in their frequency and position, requiring local tuning technique and long-range quantum interaction. Here, we demonstrate quantum interactions between separated two quantum dots on a nanophotonic waveguide. We achieve a photon-mediated long-range interaction by integrating the quantum dots to the same optical mode of a nanophotonic waveguide and overcome spectral mismatch by incorporating on-chip thermal tuners. We observe their quantum interactions of the form of super-radiant emission, where the two dots collectively emit faster than each dot individually. Creating super-radiant emission from integrated quantum emitters could enable compact chip-integrated photonic structures that exhibit long-range quantum interactions. Therefore, these results represent a major step toward establishing photonic quantum information processors composed of multiple interacting quantum emitters on a semiconductor chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Hyung Kim
- Department of Physics , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Christopher J K Richardson
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Richard P Leavitt
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Joint Quantum Institute , University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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7
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Uniaxial stress flips the natural quantization axis of a quantum dot for integrated quantum photonics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3058. [PMID: 30076301 PMCID: PMC6076237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical selection rules in epitaxial quantum dots are strongly influenced by the orientation of their natural quantization axis, which is usually parallel to the growth direction. This configuration is well suited for vertically emitting devices, but not for planar photonic circuits because of the poorly controlled orientation of the transition dipoles in the growth plane. Here we show that the quantization axis of gallium arsenide dots can be flipped into the growth plane via moderate in-plane uniaxial stress. By using piezoelectric strain-actuators featuring strain amplification, we study the evolution of the selection rules and excitonic fine structure in a regime, in which quantum confinement can be regarded as a perturbation compared to strain in determining the symmetry-properties of the system. The experimental and computational results suggest that uniaxial stress may be the right tool to obtain quantum-light sources with ideally oriented transition dipoles and enhanced oscillator strengths for integrated quantum photonics.
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8
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Sun S, Kim H, Luo Z, Solomon GS, Waks E. A single-photon switch and transistor enabled by a solid-state quantum memory. Science 2018; 361:57-60. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hyochul Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhouchen Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Glenn S. Solomon
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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9
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Kim JH, Aghaeimeibodi S, Richardson CJK, Leavitt RP, Englund D, Waks E. Hybrid Integration of Solid-State Quantum Emitters on a Silicon Photonic Chip. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7394-7400. [PMID: 29131963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scalable quantum photonic systems require efficient single photon sources coupled to integrated photonic devices. Solid-state quantum emitters can generate single photons with high efficiency, while silicon photonic circuits can manipulate them in an integrated device structure. Combining these two material platforms could, therefore, significantly increase the complexity of integrated quantum photonic devices. Here, we demonstrate hybrid integration of solid-state quantum emitters to a silicon photonic device. We develop a pick-and-place technique that can position epitaxially grown InAs/InP quantum dots emitting at telecom wavelengths on a silicon photonic chip deterministically with nanoscale precision. We employ an adiabatic tapering approach to transfer the emission from the quantum dots to the waveguide with high efficiency. We also incorporate an on-chip silicon-photonic beamsplitter to perform a Hanbury-Brown and Twiss measurement. Our approach could enable integration of precharacterized III-V quantum photonic devices into large-scale photonic structures to enable complex devices composed of many emitters and photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Hyung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | | | - Richard P Leavitt
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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