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Liu Y, Yan Z, Bai R, Zhang X, Cheng X, Ren Y, Zhu Y, Zhou R, Ma H, Jiang C. Heterostrain-Induced Zeeman-like Splitting in h-BN-Encapsulated Bilayer WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10858-10864. [PMID: 39167714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Heterostrain is predicted to induce exceptionally rich physics in atomically thin two-dimensional structures by modifying the symmetry and optical selection rules. In this work, we introduce heterostrain into WSe2 bilayers by combining h-BN encapsulation and high-temperature vacuum annealing. Nonvolatile heterostrain gives rise to a Zeeman-like splitting associated with the elliptically polarized optical emission of interlayer K-K excitons. Further manipulation of the interlayer exciton emission in an external magnetic field reveals that the Zeeman-like splitting cannot be eliminated even in a magnetic field of up to ±6 T. We propose a microscopic picture with respect to the layer and valley pseudospin to interpret the results. Our findings imply an intriguing way to encode binary information with the layer pseudospin enabled by the heterostrain and open a venue for manipulating the layer pseudospin with heterostrain engineering, optical pseudospin injection, and an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Liu
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zuowei Yan
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanbo Ren
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaojie Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Chongyun Jiang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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2
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Ren M, Mao B, Ding P, Niu L, Yuan Z, Jia X, Wang Z, Xu K, Wang J. Improvement of electrothermal and photothermal properties of ultra-thin graphite film on oxygen plasma-treated polyimide substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235703. [PMID: 38417173 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2e4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are widely used in the field of energy conversion and management due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this paper, ultra-thin graphite film (GF) with thickness of 100-150 nm prepared by chemical vapor deposition was transferred to oxygen plasma-treated polyimide (PI) substrate as flexible heating film. The electrothermal and photothermal properties of GF on PI substrates with different treatment time were studied. The experimental results show that the PI substrate pretreated by oxygen plasma can change the surface morphology of GF, increase its electrical conductivity and light absorption capacity, and significantly improve the electrothermal and photothermal properties of GF heater. Under the low applied voltage of 5 V (power density of 0.81 W cm-2), the surface temperature of GF on 40 min plasma-treated PI substrate can rise to 250 °C, which is nearly 50 °C higher than that of GF on untreated PI substrate. When 100 nm thick commercial multilayer graphene film (MLG) is used, plasma-treated PI substrate can increase the electric heating temperature of MLG by 70 °C. In terms of photothermal performance, the surface temperature of GF on 50 min plasma-treated PI substrate can reach 73 °C under one Sun irradiation, which is 8 °C higher than that on untreated substrate. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation research. Our strategy has important implications for the development of efficient and energy-saving graphene/graphite-based heating films for advanced electrothermal and photothermal conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuai Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Applied Technologies, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Applied Technologies, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiao Wang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ahn J, Han H, Ha JH, Jeong Y, Jung Y, Choi J, Cho S, Jeon S, Jeong JH, Park I. Micro-/Nanohierarchical Structures Physically Engineered on Surfaces: Analysis and Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300871. [PMID: 37083149 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The high demand for micro-/nanohierarchical structures as components of functional substrates, bioinspired devices, energy-related electronics, and chemical/physical transducers has inspired their in-depth studies and active development of the related fabrication techniques. In particular, significant progress has been achieved in hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces, which offer the advantages of wide-range material compatibility, design diversity, and mechanical stability, and numerous unique structures with important niche applications have been developed. This review categorizes the basic components of hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces according to function/shape and comprehensively summarizes the related advances, focusing on the fabrication strategies, ways of combining basic components, potential applications, and future research directions. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces are compared based on the function of their basic components, which may help to avoid the bottlenecks of conventional single-scale functional substrates. Thus, the present work is expected to provide a useful reference for scientists working on multicomponent functional substrates and inspire further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Rhee D, Lee YAL, Odom TW. Area-Specific, Hierarchical Nanowrinkling of Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6781-6788. [PMID: 36989457 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an approach to generate hierarchical wrinkles in two-dimensional (2D) electronic materials with spatial control over adjacent wavelengths. A rigid fluoropolymer mold was used to pattern a sacrificial polymer skin layer on monolayer graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and hexagonal boron nitride on prestrained thermoplastic sheets. Strain relief and removal of the polymer layer resulted in 2D-material wrinkles whose wavelengths scaled linearly with the local skin thickness. A second generation of wrinkles could be created on top of the first generation by applying a subsequent cycle of polymer skin coating, strain relief, and polymer removal. This area-specific hierarchical wrinkling is general and will facilitate the engineering of the local properties of various 2D materials and their heterostructures.
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Ling F, Liao R, Yuan C, Shi X, Li L, Zhou X, Tang X, Jing C, Wang Y, Jiang S. Geometric, electronic and transport properties of bulged graphene: A theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:084702. [PMID: 36859079 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Out-of-plane deformation in graphene is unavoidable during both synthesis and transfer procedures due to its special flexibility, which distorts the lattice and eventually imposes crucial effects on the physical features of graphene. Nowadays, however, little is known about this phenomenon, especially for zero-dimensional bulges formed in graphene. In this work, employing first-principles-based theoretical calculations, we systematically studied the bulge effect on the geometric, electronic, and transport properties of graphene. We demonstrate that the bulge formation can introduce mechanical strains (lower than 2%) to the graphene's lattice, which leads to a significant charge redistribution throughout the structure. More interestingly, a visible energy band splitting was observed with the occurrence of zero-dimensional bulges in graphene, which can be attributed to the interlayer coupling that stems from the bulged structure. In addition, it finds that the formed bulges in graphene increase the electron states near the Fermi level, which may account for the enhanced carrier concentration. However, the lowered carrier mobility and growing phonon scattering caused by the formed bulges diminish the transport of both electrons and heat in graphene. Finally, we indicate that bulges arising in graphene increase the possibility of intrinsic defect formation. Our work will evoke attention to the out-of-plane deformation in 2D materials and provide new light to tune their physical properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faling Ling
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liao
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yuan
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Hongzhiwei Technology (Shanghai) CO. LTD., 1599 Xinjinqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Jing
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Jiang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
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6
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Mao J, Cao H, Liu J, Zhou X, Fan Q, Wang J. Templated freezing assembly precisely regulates molecular assembly for free-standing centimeter-scale microtextured nanofilms. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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7
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Wang Y, Liu J, Shi T, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Li C, Yuan Z, Yao J, Yin W. Synthesis, characterization and mechanism of porous spherical nesquehonite by CO2 biomimetic mineralization. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Zhu T, Wu K, Xia Y, Yang C, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Pu X, Liu G, Sun J. Topological Gradients for Metal Film-Based Strain Sensors. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6637-6646. [PMID: 35931465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal film-based stretchable strain sensors hold great promise for applications in various domains, which require superior sensitivity-stretchability-cyclic stability synergy. However, the sensitivity-stretchability trade-off has been a long-standing dilemma and the metal film-based strain sensors usually suffer from weak cyclic durability, both of which significantly limit their practical applications. Here, we propose an extremely facile, low-cost and spontaneous strategy that incorporates topological gradients in metal film-based strain sensors, composed of intrinsic (grain size and interface) and extrinsic (film thickness and wrinkle) microstructures. The topological gradient strain sensor exhibits an ultrawide stretchability of 100% while simultaneously maintaining a high sensitivity at an optimal topological gradient of 4.5, due to the topological gradients-induced multistage film cracking. Additionally, it possesses a decent cyclic stability for >10 000 cycles between 0 and 40% strain enabled by the gradient-mixed metal/elastomer interfaces. It can monitor the full-range human activities from subtle pulse signals to vigorous joint movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, P.R. China
| | - Jiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Pu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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9
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Rhuy D, Lee Y, Kim JY, Kim C, Kwon Y, Preston DJ, Kim IS, Odom TW, Kang K, Lee D, Lee WK. Ultraefficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Strain-Engineered, Multilayer MoS 2. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5742-5750. [PMID: 35666985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an approach to repurpose low-cost, bulk multilayer MoS2 for development of ultraefficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts over large areas (>cm2). We create working electrodes for use in HER by dry transfer of MoS2 nano- and microflakes to gold thin films deposited on prestrained thermoplastic substrates. By relieving the prestrain at a macroscopic scale, a tunable level of tensile strain is developed in the MoS2 and consequently results in a local phase transition as a result of spontaneously formed surface wrinkles. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we verified that electrochemical activation of the strained MoS2 lowered the charge transfer resistance within the materials system, achieving HER activity comparable to platinum (Pt). Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that desulfurization in the multilayer MoS2 was promoted by the phase transition; the combined effect of desulfurization and the lower charge resistance induced superior HER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Rhuy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Preston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kibum Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
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10
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Rahman S, Lu Y. Nano-engineering and nano-manufacturing in 2D materials: marvels of nanotechnology. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:849-872. [PMID: 35758316 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00226d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have attracted significant interest and investigation since the marvellous discovery of graphene. Due to their unique physical, mechanical and optical properties, van der Waals (vdW) materials possess extraordinary potential for application in future optoelectronics devices. Nano-engineering and nano-manufacturing in the atomically thin regime has further opened multifarious avenues to explore novel physical properties. Among them, moiré heterostructures, strain engineering and substrate manipulation have created numerous exotic and topological phenomena such as unconventional superconductivity, orbital magnetism, flexible nanoelectronics and highly efficient photovoltaics. This review comprehensively summarizes the three most influential techniques of nano-engineering in 2D materials. The latest development in the marvels of moiré structures in vdW materials is discussed; in addition, topological structures in layered materials and substrate engineering on the nanoscale are thoroughly scrutinized to highlight their significance in micro- and nano-devices. Finally, we conclude with remarks on challenges and possible future directions in the rapidly expanding field of nanotechnology and nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharidya Rahman
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
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11
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Narute P, Sharbidre RS, Lee CJ, Park BC, Jung HJ, Kim JH, Hong SG. Structural Integrity Preserving and Residue-Free Transfer of Large-Area Wrinkled Graphene onto Polymeric Substrates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9871-9882. [PMID: 35666252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkled graphene offers many advantageous features resulting from modifying the structural and physical properties as well as the chemical reactivity of graphene. However, its inadequate transferability to other substrates has limited its usability. This paper reports a roll-based clean transfer approach that enables the damage-free and contamination-free transfer of large-area wrinkled graphene onto polymeric substrates without compromising the integrity of wrinkle structures. The method implements the simultaneous imidazole-assisted etching and doping of chemical vapor-deposited graphene to fabricate multilayer graphene on a thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) substrate coated with a water-soluble poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) sacrificial layer via a roll-based transfer process. The compliant PSS layer affords the conformal contact between the PS substrate and graphene during the wrinkle formation process, enabling the controllable fabrication of graphene wrinkle structures on a large area. The water-soluble properties of PSS simplify the typically difficult separation of wrinkled graphene from the PS substrate after its transfer onto a target substrate. This improves the transferability of wrinkled graphene, rendering the transfer process solvent-free and residue-free. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the formulated method by transferring centimeter-scale wrinkled graphene onto currently used transparent flexible substrates (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate and polydimethylsiloxane). The results indicate that the transferred wrinkled graphene possesses the desirable combination of superior stretchability, optical transmittance, sheet resistance, and electromechanical stability, rendering its suitable application to transparent flexible and stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Narute
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh S Sharbidre
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chon Park
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-June Jung
- Center for Advanced Meta-Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Hong
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wu K, Zhu T, Zhu L, Sun Y, Chen K, Chen J, Yuan H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Chen X, Sun J. Reversible Mechanochromisms via Manipulating Surface Wrinkling. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2261-2269. [PMID: 35234042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochromic structural-colored materials have promising applications in various domains. In this Letter, we report three types of reversible mechanochromisms in simple material systems by harnessing mechano-responsive wrinkling dynamics including (i) brightness mechanochromism (BM), (ii) hue change mechanochromism (HCM), and (iii) viewable angle mechanochromism (VAM). Upon stretching, the BM device exhibits almost a constant hue but reduces light brightness due to the postbuckling mechanics-controlled deformation, while the HCM device can change the hue from blue to red with almost constant intensity because of the linear elastic mechanics-controlled deformation. The VAM device shows a constant hue because of the thin film interference effect. However, the viewable angles decrease with increasing applied strain owing to the light scattering of wrinkles. All of the mechanochromic behaviors exhibit good reversibility and durability. We clearly elucidated the underlying mechanisms for different mechanochromisms and demonstrated their potential applications in smart displays, stretchable strain sensors, and antipeeping/anticounterfeiting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Haozhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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13
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Meng F, Aihaiti A, Li X, Zhang W, Qin Y, Zhu N, Zhang M. Functional graphene paper from smart building to sensor application. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Song Y, Gao Y, Liu X, Ma J, Chen B, Xie Q, Gao X, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Ding Q, Jia K, Sun L, Wang W, Liu Z, Liu B, Gao P, Peng H, Wei T, Lin L, Liu Z. Transfer-Enabled Fabrication of Graphene Wrinkle Arrays for Epitaxial Growth of AlN Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105851. [PMID: 34647373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Formation of graphene wrinkle arrays can periodically alter the electrical properties and chemical reactivity of graphene, which is promising for numerous applications. However, large-area fabrication of graphene wrinkle arrays remains unachievable with a high density and defined orientations, especially on rigid substrates. Herein, relying on the understanding of the formation mechanism of transfer-related graphene wrinkles, the graphene wrinkle arrays are fabricated without altering the crystalline orientation of entire graphene films. The choice of the transfer medium that has poor wettability on the corrugated surface of graphene is proven to be the key for the formation of wrinkles. This work provides a deep understanding of formation process of transfer-related graphene wrinkles and opens up a new way for periodically modifying the surface properties of graphene for potential applications, including direct growth of AlN epilayers and deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Song
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Gao
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Buhang Chen
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Ding
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhetong Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tongbo Wei
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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15
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Kim JM, Haque MF, Hsieh EY, Nahid SM, Zarin I, Jeong KY, So JP, Park HG, Nam S. Strain Engineering of Low-Dimensional Materials for Emerging Quantum Phenomena and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021:e2107362. [PMID: 34866241 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of exotic physical phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, dissipationless Dirac fermions in topological insulators, and quantum spin liquids, have triggered tremendous interest in quantum materials. The macroscopic revelation of quantum mechanical effects in quantum materials is associated with strong electron-electron correlations in the lattice, particularly where materials have reduced dimensionality. Owing to the strong correlations and confined geometry, altering atomic spacing and crystal symmetry via strain has emerged as an effective and versatile pathway for perturbing the subtle equilibrium of quantum states. This review highlights recent advances in strain-tunable quantum phenomena and functionalities, with particular focus on low-dimensional quantum materials. Experimental strategies for strain engineering are first discussed in terms of heterogeneity and elastic reconfigurability of strain distribution. The nontrivial quantum properties of several strain-quantum coupled platforms, including 2D van der Waals materials and heterostructures, topological insulators, superconducting oxides, and metal halide perovskites, are next outlined, with current challenges and future opportunities in quantum straintronics followed. Overall, strain engineering of quantum phenomena and functionalities is a rich field for fundamental research of many-body interactions and holds substantial promise for next-generation electronics capable of ultrafast, dissipationless, and secure information processing and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Myung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Md Farhadul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ezekiel Y Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shahriar Muhammad Nahid
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ishrat Zarin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kwang-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pil So
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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16
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Hwang MT, Park I, Heiranian M, Taqieddin A, You S, Faramarzi V, Pak AA, van der Zande AM, Aluru NR, Bashir R. Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine, IL-6 and SARS-CoV-2 Proteins on Crumpled Graphene FET Biosensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2100712. [PMID: 34901384 PMCID: PMC8646936 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Universal platforms for biomolecular analysis using label-free sensing modalities can address important diagnostic challenges. Electrical field effect-sensors are an important class of devices that can enable point-of-care sensing by probing the charge in the biological entities. Use of crumpled graphene for this application is especially promising. It is previously reported that the limit of detection (LoD) on electrical field effect-based sensors using DNA molecules on the crumpled graphene FET (field-effect transistor) platform. Here, the crumpled graphene FET-based biosensing of important biomarkers including small molecules and proteins is reported. The performance of devices is systematically evaluated and optimized by studying the effect of the crumpling ratio on electrical double layer (EDL) formation and bandgap opening on the graphene. It is also shown that a small and electroneutral molecule dopamine can be captured by an aptamer and its conformation change induced electrical signal changes. Three kinds of proteins were captured with specific antibodies including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and two viral proteins. All tested biomarkers are detectable with the highest sensitivity reported on the electrical platform. Significantly, two COVID-19 related proteins, nucleocapsid (N-) and spike (S-) proteins antigens are successfully detected with extremely low LoDs. This electrical antigen tests can contribute to the challenge of rapid, point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taeyoung Hwang
- Department of BioNano TechnologyGachon University1342 Seongnam‐Daero, Sujeong‐GuSeongnamGyeonggi13120Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Mohammad Heiranian
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Seungyong You
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Vahid Faramarzi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Angela A. Pak
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Arend M. van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Narayana R. Aluru
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical EngineeringOden Institute for Computational Engineering and SciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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17
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Large scale self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles on deformed graphene templates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12232. [PMID: 34112874 PMCID: PMC8192528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are versatile platforms for nanoscale optoelectronics. Further coupling of these 2D materials with plasmonic nanostructures, especially in non-close-packed morphologies, imparts new metastructural properties such as increased photosensitivity as well as spectral selectivity and range. However, the integration of plasmonic nanoparticles with 2D materials has largely been limited to lithographic patterning and/or undefined deposition of metallic structures. Here we show that colloidally synthesized zero-dimensional (0D) gold nanoparticles of various sizes can be deterministically self-assembled in highly-ordered, anisotropic, non-close-packed, multi-scale morphologies with templates designed from instability-driven, deformed 2D nanomaterials. The anisotropic plasmonic coupling of the particle arrays exhibits emergent polarization-dependent absorbance in the visible to near-IR regions. Additionally, controllable metasurface arrays of nanoparticles by functionalization with varying polymer brushes modulate the plasmonic coupling between polarization dependent and independent assemblies. This self-assembly method shows potential for bottom-up nanomanufacturing of diverse optoelectronic components and can potentially be adapted to a wide array of nanoscale 0D, 1D, and 2D materials.
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18
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Su Y, Toftdal MS, Le Friec A, Dong M, Han X, Chen M. 3D Electrospun Synthetic Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Regeneration. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mette Steen Toftdal
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Stem Cell Delivery and Pharmacology Novo Nordisk A/S DK-2760 Måløv Denmark
| | - Alice Le Friec
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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19
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Xue C, Zhang Y, Li L, Hu Y, Chen C, Song Y, You H, Li R, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. 3D Multiscale Micro-/Nanofolds by Femtosecond Laser Intermittent Ablation and Constrained Heating on a Shape Memory Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23210-23219. [PMID: 33960197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous wrinkling of films with a thickness gradient offers a new opportunity for constructing various 3D hierarchical surface morphologies. Unfortunately, accurately and facilely controlling the gradient film thickness to yield multiscale and 3D hierarchical micro-/nanostructures is still difficult. Here, a rapid, facile, and highly controllable fabricating strategy for realizing 3D multiscale hierarchical micro-/nanofolds on a shape memory polymer (SMP) surface is reported. First, the nanoparticle film with gradient thickness is rapidly (100 ms to 4 s) and facilely obtained by laser intermittent ablation on the SMP, termed as laser ablation-induced gradient thickness film. Following one-time constrained heating, the 3D micropillars grow out of the substrate based on the "self-growing effect," and the nanoparticle gradient film on its top shrinks into multiscale micro-/nanofolds simultaneously. Significantly, the evolution process and the underlying mechanism of the 3D micro-/nanofolds are systematically investigated. Fundamental basis enables us to accurately regulate the gradient thickness of nanoparticle films and feature size of folds by varying laser scanning times and scanning path. Finally, desirable patterns on micro-/nanofolds can be readily realized by programmable laser cleaning technology, and the tunable adhesion of the water droplet on the multiscale structured surface is demonstrated, which is promising for microdroplet manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yachao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Longfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuegan Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hongshu You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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20
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Mentel KK, Manninen J, Hiltunen VM, Myllyperkiö P, Johansson A, Pettersson M. Shaping graphene with optical forging: from a single blister to complex 3D structures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1431-1442. [PMID: 36132861 PMCID: PMC9419103 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Properties of graphene, such as electrical conduction and rigidity can be tuned by introducing local strain or defects into its lattice. We used optical forging, a direct laser writing method, under an inert gas atmosphere, to produce complex 3D patterns of single layer graphene. We observed bulging of graphene out of the plane due to defect induced lattice expansion. By applying low peak fluences, we obtained a 3D-shaped graphene surface without either ablating it or deforming the underlying Si/SiO2 substrate. We used micromachining theory to estimate the single-pulse modification threshold fluence of graphene, which was 8.3 mJ cm-2, being an order of magnitude lower than the threshold for ablation. The control of exposure parameters allowed the preparation of blisters with various topographies. The optically forged structures were studied with atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Optically forged blisters act as building blocks in the formation of more complex structures. We found a simple geometric rule that helps to predict the shape of complex patterns which are created by the overlapping multiple exposures. Optical forging enables writing of extended patterns with diffraction unlimited features, which makes this method promising in the production of nanodevices with locally induced surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila K Mentel
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jyrki Manninen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | | | - Pasi Myllyperkiö
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Andreas Johansson
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä Finland
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä Finland
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21
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Gupta M, Hawari HF, Kumar P, Burhanudin ZA, Tansu N. Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films for Ultrahigh CO 2 Gas Sensing Performance at Room Temperature. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030623. [PMID: 33802318 PMCID: PMC7998141 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The demand for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas detection is increasing nowadays. However, its fast detection at room temperature (RT) is a major challenge. Graphene is found to be the most promising sensing material for RT detection, owing to its high surface area and electrical conductivity. In this work, we report a highly edge functionalized chemically synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films to achieve fast sensing response for CO2 gas at room temperature. The high amount of edge functional groups is prominent for the sorption of CO2 molecules. Initially, rGO is synthesized by reduction of GO using ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent. Three different concentrations of rGO are prepared using three AA concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg) to optimize the material properties such as functional groups and conductivity. Thin films of three different AA reduced rGO suspensions (AArGO25, AArGO50, AArGO100) are developed and later analyzed using standard FTIR, XRD, Raman, XPS, TEM, SEM, and four-point probe measurement techniques. We find that the highest edge functionality is achieved by the AArGO25 sample with a conductivity of ~1389 S/cm. The functionalized AArGO25 gas sensor shows recordable high sensing properties (response and recovery time) with good repeatability for CO2 at room temperature at 500 ppm and 50 ppm. Short response and recovery time of ~26 s and ~10 s, respectively, are achieved for 500 ppm CO2 gas with the sensitivity of ~50 Hz/µg. We believe that a highly functionalized AArGO CO2 gas sensor could be applicable for enhanced oil recovery, industrial and domestic safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.K.); (Z.A.B.)
- Center of Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Huzein Fahmi Hawari
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.K.); (Z.A.B.)
- Center of Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.K.); (Z.A.B.)
- Center of Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Arif Burhanudin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.K.); (Z.A.B.)
- Center of Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nelson Tansu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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22
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Zhang C, Lu C, Pei L, Li J, Wang R. The wrinkling and buckling of graphene induced by nanotwinned copper matrix: A molecular dynamics study. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Liu M, Li Z, Zhao X, Young RJ, Kinloch IA. Fundamental Insights into Graphene Strain Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:833-839. [PMID: 33372510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been studied extensively for use in flexible electronics as ultrasensitive and wide-area strain sensors. Many sensors demonstrated so far rely on graphene networks, such that the spatial resolution is compromised, and they are unable to measure strain variations on a fine scale such as those resulting from substrate/interface failure. In this study, mono-/few-layer graphene are demonstrated to be good candidates for strain sensing with high spatial resolution to evaluate features <100 nm. The fundamentals of strain sensing-interaction with the target-have been discussed to shed light on the sensitivity and durability for future sensor fabrication. The proof-of-concept strain sensors have been shown to be able to monitor different states, e.g., the initiation and evolution, of crazes. The analysis also leads to the evaluation of interfacial energy and realization of high local strain in graphene that is applicable for other 2D materials for ultrasensitive strain sensing and bandgap opening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Liu
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Zheling Li
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., BTR Industrial Park, Xitian, Gongming, Guangming District, 518106 Shenzhen, China
| | - Robert J Young
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Kinloch
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Li J, Li T, Ma X, Su Z, Yin J, Jiang X. Light-Induced Programmable 2D Ordered Patterns Based on a Hyperbranched Poly(ether amine) (hPEA)-Functionalized Graphene Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1704-1713. [PMID: 33347761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic complex surface topography with ordered and tunable morphologies, which can provide on-demand control of surface properties to realize smart surfaces, is gaining much attention yet remains challenging in terms of fabrication. Here, a facile, robust, and controllable method is demonstrated to fabricate programmable two-dimensional (2D) ordered patterns with multiresponsive 2D ultrathin materials, comprised of anthracene-capped hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (hPEA-AN)-functionalized graphene (hPEA-AN@G). By combining the stimuli-responsiveness and UV sensitivity of hPEA-AN and excellent out-of-plane deformation and NIR-to-thermal conversion of graphene, the process of "writing/uploading" initial information is conducted through the initial exposure to 365 nm UV light to generate the 2D ordered pattern first; second, inducing swelling strain via moisture to create the hierarchical topographic pattern (orderly oriented pattern) is the process of "modification and erasable rewriting"; third, alternating NIR or 254 nm UV light blanket exposure are the two ways of erasing the information. Consequently, taking advantage of the multiresponsive dynamic wrinkling/ordered patterning, we can program globally 2D ordered surface patterns with diverse morphologies on demand and manipulate the resulted surface properties as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhilong Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Rhee D, Deng S, Odom TW. Soft skin layers for reconfigurable and programmable nanowrinkles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23920-23928. [PMID: 33242039 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkling skin layers on pre-strained polymer sheets has drawn significant interest as a method to create reconfigurable surface patterns. Compared to widely studied metal or silica films, softer polymer skins are more tolerant to crack formation when the surface topography is tuned under applied strain. This Mini-review discusses recent progress in mechano-responsive wrinkles based on polymer skin materials. Control over the skin thickness with nanometer accuracy allows for tuning of the wrinkle wavelength and orientation over length scales from nanometer to micrometer regimes. Furthermore, soft skin layers enable texturing of two-dimensional electronic materials with programmable feature sizes and structural hierarchy because of the conformal adhesion to the substrates. Soft skin systems open prospects to tailor a range of surface properties via external stimuli important for applications such as smart windows, microfluidics, and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoon Rhee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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26
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Su Y, Zhang E, Wang Y, Li Q, Chen M, Dong M. Tunable hierarchical wrinkling surface via microscale patterned vertical deformation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Fang WZ, Peng L, Liu YJ, Wang F, Xu Z, Gao C. A Review on Graphene Oxide Two-dimensional Macromolecules: from Single Molecules to Macro-assembly. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Thi QH, Wong LW, Liu H, Lee CS, Zhao J, Ly TH. Spontaneously Ordered Hierarchical Two-Dimensional Wrinkle Patterns in Two-Dimensional Materials. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8420-8425. [PMID: 33104360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving two-dimensionally (2D) ordered surface wrinkle patterns is still challenging not only for the atomic-thick 2D materials but also in general for all soft surfaces. Normally disordered 2D wrinkle patterns on isotropic surfaces can be rendered via biaxial straining. Here, we report that the 1D and 2D ordered wrinkle patterns in 2D materials can be produced by sequential wrinkling controlled by thermal straining and vertical spatial confinement. The various hierarchical patterns in 2D materials generated by our method are highly periodic, and the hexagonal crystal symmetry is obeyed. More interestingly, these patterns can be maintained in suspended monolayers after delamination from the underlying surfaces which shows the great application potentials. Our new approach can simplify the patterning processes on 2D layered materials and reduce the risk of damage compared to conventional lithography methods, and numerous engineering applications that require nanoscale ordered surface texturing could be empowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Huy Thi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lok Wing Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Kim JM, Cho C, Hsieh EY, Nam S. Heterogeneous deformation of two-dimensional materials for emerging functionalities. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2020; 35:1369-1385. [PMID: 32572304 PMCID: PMC7306914 DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2020.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin 2D materials exhibit strong intralayer covalent bonding and weak interlayer van der Waals interactions, offering unique high in-plane strength and out-of-plane flexibility. While atom-thick nature of 2D materials may cause uncontrolled intrinsic/extrinsic deformation in multiple length scales, it also provides new opportunities for exploring coupling between heterogeneous deformations and emerging functionalities in controllable and scalable ways for electronic, optical, and optoelectronic applications. In this review, we discuss (i) the mechanical characteristics of 2D materials, (ii) uncontrolled inherent deformation and extrinsic heterogeneity present in 2D materials, (iii) experimental strategies for controlled heterogeneous deformation of 2D materials, (iv) 3D structure-induced novel functionalities via crumple/wrinkle structure or kirigami structures, and (v) heterogeneous strain-induced emerging functionalities in exciton and phase engineering. Overall, heterogeneous deformation offers unique advantages for 2D materials research by enabling spatial tunability of 2D materials' interactions with photons, electrons, and molecules in a programmable and controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Myung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Chullhee Cho
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ezekiel Y. Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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30
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Wu K, Sun Y, Yuan H, Zhang J, Liu G, Sun J. Harnessing Dynamic Wrinkling Surfaces for Smart Displays. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4129-4135. [PMID: 32437167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reversible and switchable wrinkling surfaces in response to various external stimuli have extensive potential applications. In this Letter, we prepared the reversible wrinkling on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces, responsive to the solvents, by ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) treatment with/without mechanical prestrain. Based on the solvent-responsive wrinkling, three types of optical transparency dynamics were achieved easily in a single and simple film-substrate system, including (I) completely reversible transparency with controlled relaxation time and isotropic light scattering; (II) completely reversible transparency with anisotropic light scattering and tunable diffusion degree; and (III) incompletely reversible transparency. The reversibility and stability of wrinkles can be controlled by tailoring the solvent type, UVO exposure time, and mechanical prestrain. The underlying mechanisms for the three wrinkling dynamics have been clearly elucidated. The extremely simple material system and the facile but efficient technique pave a novel way for realizing versatile optical dynamics for smart displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Haozhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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31
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Rhee D, Paci JT, Deng S, Lee WK, Schatz GC, Odom TW. Soft Skin Layers Enable Area-Specific, Multiscale Graphene Wrinkles with Switchable Orientations. ACS NANO 2020; 14:166-174. [PMID: 31675210 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a method to realize crack-free graphene wrinkles with variable spatial wavelengths and switchable orientations. Graphene supported on a thin fluoropolymer and prestrained elastomer substrate can exhibit conformal wrinkling after strain relief. The wrinkle orientation could be switched beyond the intrinsic fracture limit of graphene for hundreds of cycles of stretching and releasing without forming cracks. Mechanical modeling revealed that the fluoropolymer layer mediated the structural evolution of the graphene wrinkles without crack formation or delamination. Patterned fluoropolymer layers with different thicknesses produced wrinkles with controlled wavelengths and orientations while maintaining the mechanical integrity of graphene under high tensile strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey T Paci
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2 , Canada
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32
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Kwok KS, Wang Y, Cao MC, Shen H, He Z, Poirier G, McCandless BE, Livi KJ, Muller DA, Wang C, Gracias DH. Nano-folded Gold Catalysts for Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:9154-9159. [PMID: 31738851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The local structure and geometry of catalytic interfaces can influence the selectivity of chemical reactions. Selectivity is often critical for the practical realization of reactions such as the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). Previously developed strategies to manipulate the structure and geometry of catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 involve complex processes or fail to efficiently alter the selectivity. Here, using a prestrained polymer, we uniaxially and biaxially compress a 60 nm gold film to form a nano-folded electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. We observe two kinds of folds and can tune the ratio of loose to tight folds by varying the extent of prestrain in the polymer. We characterize the nano-folded catalysts using X-ray diffraction, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. We observe grain reorientation and coarsening in the nano-folded gold catalysts. We measure an enhancement of Faradaic efficiency for carbon monoxide formation with the biaxially compressed nano-folded catalyst by a factor of about nine as compared to the flat catalyst (up to 87.4%). We rationalize this observation by noting that an increase of the local pH in the tight folds of the catalyst outweighs the effects of alterations in grain characteristics. Together, our studies demonstrate that nano-folded geometries can significantly alter grain characteristics, mass transport, and catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sang Kwok
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Michael C Cao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Zimin He
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Gerald Poirier
- Advanced Materials Characterization Lab , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Brian E McCandless
- Institute of Energy Conversion , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Kenneth J Livi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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33
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Deng S, Rhee D, Lee WK, Che S, Keisham B, Berry V, Odom TW. Graphene Wrinkles Enable Spatially Defined Chemistry. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5640-5646. [PMID: 31268720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a scalable approach to achieve spatially selective graphene functionalization using multiscale wrinkles. Graphene wrinkles were formed by relieving the strain in thermoplastic polystyrene substrates conformally coated with fluoropolymer and graphene skin layers. Chemical reactivity of a fluorination process could be tuned by changing the local curvature of the graphene nanostructures. Patterned areas of graphene nanowrinkles and crumples followed by a single-process plasma reaction resulted in substrates with regions having different fluorination levels. Notably, conductivity of the functionalized graphene nanostructures could be locally tuned as a function of feature size without affecting the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Songwei Che
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Bijentimala Keisham
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Vikas Berry
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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34
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Liang X, Gao M, Xie H, Xu Q, Wu Y, Hu J, Lu A, Zhang L. Controllable Wrinkling Patterns on Chitosan Microspheres Generated from Self-Assembling Metal Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22824-22833. [PMID: 31188553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Materials with surface wrinkles at a micro/nanoscale possess extraordinary fascinating properties, and various techniques have been employed to create controllable wrinkles. Herein, natural polysaccharide was used to construct the surface wrinkled microsphere with controllable wrinkling patterns. A robust microsphere with an average size of about 55 μm fabricated from chitosan in alkali/urea aqueous solution was swelled and then coated orderly by introducing rigid silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with an average size of about 5 nm as the shell onto the surface through electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly followed by deswelling, resulting in a surface wrinkled microsphere. The significant difference in the swelling behaviors between the stiff Ag shell and swelled chitosan microsphere could generate enough driving forces to form 3D micro- and nanoscale wrinkling surface topography. The surface wrinkled microspheres exhibited the hierarchically porous structure and hydrophobicity, and the topographical patterns could be adjusted by controlling the thickness of the Ag NP layer to achieve the sizes of wrinkling ranging from 60 to 300 nm. It was demonstrated that the wrinkled microspheres were superior as 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, in which the wrinkled structure with spatial periodicity was proved to be effective for enhancing the SERS signal. The microsphere with controllable wrinkled surface topography could be applied to be a miniature 3D device, which promises potential technological applications in various areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Mengyue Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hongxia Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Jiming Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Ang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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35
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Lee WK, Odom TW. Designing Hierarchical Nanostructures from Conformable and Deformable Thin Materials. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6170-6177. [PMID: 31184137 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective focuses on the design of hierarchical structures in deformable thin materials by patterning mechanical instabilities. Fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) structures with multiple length scales-starting at the nanoscale-can result in on-demand surface functionalities from the modification of the mechanical, chemical, and optical properties of materials. Conventional top-down lithography, however, cannot achieve 3D patterns over large areas (>cm2). In contrast, a bottom-up approach based on controlling strain in layered nanomaterials conformally coated on polymeric substrates can produce multiscale structures in parallel. In-plane and out-of-plane structural hierarchies formed by conformal buckling show unique structure-function relationships. Programmable hierarchical surfaces offer prospects to tune global- and local-level characteristics of nanomaterials that will positively impact applications in nanomechanics, nanoelectronics, and nanophotonics.
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36
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Mosaic pattern formation in exfoliated graphene by mechanical deformation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1572. [PMID: 30952849 PMCID: PMC6450902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is susceptible to morphological instabilities such as wrinkles and folds, which result from the imposition of thermo-mechanical stresses upon cooling from high temperatures and/ or under biaxial loading. A particular pattern encountered in CVD graphene is that of mosaic formation. Although it is understood that this pattern results from the severe biaxial compression upon cooling from high temperatures, it has not been possible to create such a complex pattern at room temperature by mechanical loading. Herein, we have managed by means of lateral wrinkling induced by tension and Euler buckling resulting from uniaxial compression upon unloading, to create such patterns in exfoliated graphene. We also show that these patterns can be used as channels for trapping or administering fluids at interstitial space between graphene and its support. This opens a whole dearth of new applications in the area of nano-fluidics but also in photo-electronics and sensor technologies.
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Anni M, Rhee D, Lee WK. Random Lasing Engineering in Poly-(9-9dioctylfluorene) Active Waveguides Deposited on Wrinkles Corrugated Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9385-9393. [PMID: 30732449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the correlation between the random lasing properties of organic waveguides made by poly-(9-9dioctylfluorene) (PFO) thin films and the morphology of wrinkled corrugated substrates. The capability to individually control the wrinkle wavelength, shape, and height allows us to separately investigate their role on the sample emission properties. We demonstrate that the main parameter determining the presence of coherent random lasing is the substrate roughness and that, contrary to what could be qualitatively expected, as the roughness increases, coherent random lasing is progressively reduced. Coherent random lasing is observed only for a substrate roughness below 33 nm, while higher roughness leads to amplified spontaneous emission (up to 70 nm) or to the absence of light amplification in the film (above 70 nm). We demonstrate that this result is due to a progressive reduction of the light amplification efficiency in the PFO film, evidencing that coherent random lasing can be obtained only with a right interplay between light amplification and scattering. Besides clarifying the basic aspects of random lasing in organic waveguides, our work opens the way to the realization of organic random lasers with predictable emission properties, thanks to the high control level of the scattering properties of the wrinkled corrugated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" , Universitá del Salento , Via per Arnesano , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Dongjoon Rhee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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38
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Chen W, Gui X, Yang L, Zhu H, Tang Z. Wrinkling of two-dimensional materials: methods, properties and applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:291-320. [PMID: 32254086 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene, its derivatives, metal films, MXenes and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have been widely studied because of their tunable electronic structures and special electrical and optical properties. However, during the fabrication of these 2D materials with atomic thickness, formation of wrinkles or folds is unavoidable to enable their stable existence. Meaningfully, it is found that wrinkled structures simultaneously impose positive changes on the 2D materials. Specifically, the architecture of wrinkled structures in 2D materials additionally induces excellent properties, which are of great importance for their practical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of categories of 2D materials, which contains formation and fabrication methods of wrinkled patterns and relevant mechanisms, as well as the induced mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. Furthermore, these properties are modifiable by controlling the surface topography or even by dynamically stretching the 2D materials. Wrinkling offers a platform for 2D materials to be applied in some promising fields such as field emitters, energy containers and suppliers, field effect transistors, hydrophobic surfaces, sensors for flexible electronics and artificial intelligence. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of wrinkled 2D materials in the near future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
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39
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Xue Y, Lee WK, Yuan J, Odom TW, Huang Y. Mechanics Modeling of Hierarchical Wrinkle Structures from the Sequential Release of Prestrain. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15749-15753. [PMID: 30507204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical wrinkles can be generated on prestrained thermoplastic substrates by sequential cycles of skin layer growth followed by the release of prestrain. However, no mechanics models have explained the formation of multigenerational nanostructures using this nanofabrication process. This article describes an analytical model that can represent multiscale wrinkles with arbitrary numbers of generations. Structural features including wrinkle wavelengths and amplitudes on the nanoscale that are predicted by minimizing the total deformation energy of the system. The calculated wavelengths in each generation are in good agreement with experiment. Our mathematical approach provides design principles for achieving multigenerational hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianghong Yuan
- School of Mechanics and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , No. 111 First Section of Second Ring Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
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40
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Anagnostopoulos G, Paterakis G, Polyzos I, Pappas PN, Kouroupis-Agalou K, Mirotta N, Scidà A, Palermo V, Parthenios J, Papagelis K, Galiotis C. Strain Engineering in Highly Wrinkled CVD Graphene/Epoxy Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43192-43202. [PMID: 30406999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is regarded as a promising fabrication method for the automated, large-scale, production of graphene and other two-dimensional materials. However, its full commercial exploitation is limited by the presence of structural imperfections such as folds, wrinkles, and even cracks that downgrade its physical and mechanical properties. For example, as shown here by means of Raman spectroscopy, the stress transfer from an epoxy matrix to CVD graphene is on average 30% of that of exfoliated monolayer graphene of over 10 μm in dimensions. However, in terms of electrical response, the situation is reversed; the resistance has been found here to decrease by the imposition of mechanical deformation possibly due to the opening up of the structure and the associated increase of electron mobility. This finding paves the way for employing CVD graphene/epoxy composites or coatings as conductive "networks" or bridges in cases for which the conductivity needs to be increased or at least retained when the system is under deformation. The tuning/control of such systems and their operative limitations are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT) , Patras 265 04 , Greece
| | - George Paterakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT) , Patras 265 04 , Greece
| | - Ioannis Polyzos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT) , Patras 265 04 , Greece
| | - Panagiotis-Nektarios Pappas
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT) , Patras 265 04 , Greece
| | - Kostantinos Kouroupis-Agalou
- ISOF-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivita-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Nicola Mirotta
- ISOF-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivita-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alessandra Scidà
- ISOF-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivita-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- ISOF-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivita-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - John Parthenios
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT) , Patras 265 04 , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papagelis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT) , Patras 265 04 , Greece
- Department of Solid State Physics, School of Physics , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124 , Greece
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT) , Patras 265 04 , Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Patras , Patras 26504 , Greece
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41
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Kim HJ, Song YW, Namgung SD, Song MK, Yang S, Kwon JY. Optical properties of the crumpled pattern of selectively layered MoS 2. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4590-4593. [PMID: 30272690 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crumple-structured two-dimensional MoS2 was evaluated as an essential element for future optoelectronic and stretchable devices owing to its interesting optical properties. This Letter reports the characteristics of the crumpled structure of MoS2 directly layered on a MoS2 sheet by chemical vapor deposition. The crumpling structure is presented as a method for selectively layering MoS2 with crumpled layered patterning and tunable optical properties as a crumpled structure on a single substrate. Optical analysis by the fast Fourier transform revealed the distribution characteristics of the crumple structure, and a Raman, photoluminescence, and optical absorption analysis confirmed the change in peak shift and intensity according to the degree of the crumpled structure. This material has potential future optoelectronic applications.
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42
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Lee WK, Jung WB, Rhee D, Hu J, Lee YAL, Jacobson C, Jung HT, Odom TW. Monolithic Polymer Nanoridges with Programmable Wetting Transitions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706657. [PMID: 29952092 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes polymeric nanostructures with dynamically tunable wetting properties. Centimeter-scale areas of monolithic nanoridges can be generated by strain relief of thermoplastic polyolefin films with fluoropolymer skin layers. Changing the amount of strain results in polyolefin ridges with aspect ratios greater than four with controlled feature densities. Surface chemistry and topography are demonstrated to be able to be tailored by SF6 -plasma etching to access multiple wetting states: Wenzel, Cassie-Baxter, and Cassie-impregnating states. Reversible transitions among the wetting states can be realized in a programmable manner by cyclic stretching and reshrinking the patterned substrates without delamination and cracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Woo-Bin Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yusong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Rhee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jingtian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Young-Ah Lucy Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christian Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yusong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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43
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Yun GT, Jung WB, Oh MS, Jang GM, Baek J, Kim NI, Im SG, Jung HT. Springtail-inspired superomniphobic surface with extreme pressure resistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat4978. [PMID: 30151429 PMCID: PMC6108567 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Both high static repellency and pressure resistance are critical to achieving a high-performance omniphobic surface. The cuticles of springtails have both of these features, which result from their hierarchical structure composed of primary doubly reentrant nanostructures on secondary microgrooves. Despite intensive efforts, none of the previous studies that were inspired by the springtail were able to simultaneously achieve both high static repellency and pressure resistance because of a general trade-off between these characteristics. We demonstrate for the first time a springtail-inspired superomniphobic surface displaying both features by fabricating a hierarchical system consisting of serif-T-shaped nanostructures on microscale wrinkles, overcoming previous limitations. Our biomimetic strategy yielded a surface showing high repellency to diverse liquids, from water to ethanol, with a contact angle above 150°. Simultaneously, the surface was able to endure extreme pressure resulting from the impacts of drops of water and of ethylene glycol with We >> 200, and of ethanol with We ~ 53, which is the highest pressure resistance ever reported. Overall, the omniphobicity of our springtail-inspired fabricated system was found to be superior to that of the natural springtail cuticle itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Tae Yun
- National Laboratory for Organic Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Woo-Bin Jung
- National Laboratory for Organic Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Myung Seok Oh
- Functional Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Gyu Min Jang
- Combustion Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jieung Baek
- Functional Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Nam Il Kim
- Combustion Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Functional Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- National Laboratory for Organic Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Daejeon, South Korea
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44
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Lou S, Liu Y, Yang F, Lin S, Zhang R, Deng Y, Wang M, Tom KB, Zhou F, Ding H, Bustillo KC, Wang X, Yan S, Scott M, Minor A, Yao J. Three-dimensional Architecture Enabled by Strained Two-dimensional Material Heterojunction. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1819-1825. [PMID: 29462550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the structure of materials endows them with novel physical properties across a wide range of length scales. With high in-plane stiffness and strength, but low flexural rigidity, two-dimensional (2D) materials are excellent building blocks for nanostructure engineering. They can be easily bent and folded to build three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Taking advantage of the large lattice mismatch between the constituents, we demonstrate a 3D heterogeneous architecture combining a basal Bi2Se3 nanoplate and wavelike Bi2Te3 edges buckling up and down forming periodic ripples. Unlike 2D heterostructures directly grown on substrates, the solution-based synthesis allows the heterostructures to be free from substrate influence during the formation process. The balance between bending and in-plane strain energies gives rise to controllable rippling of the material. Our experimental results show clear evidence that the wavelengths and amplitudes of the ripples are dependent on both the widths and thicknesses of the rippled material, matching well with continuum mechanics analysis. The rippled Bi2Se3/Bi2Te3 heterojunction broadens the horizon for the application of 2D materials heterojunction and the design and fabrication of 3D architectures based on them, which could provide a platform to enable nanoscale structure generation and associated photonic/electronic properties manipulation for optoelectronic and electromechanic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Fuyi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Shuren Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- The National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Michael Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kyle B Tom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Hong Ding
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- The National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Shancheng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Mary Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- The National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Andrew Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- The National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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45
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Cui TT, Li JC, Gao W, Jiang Q. Geometric and electronic structure of multilayered graphene: synergy of the nondirective ripples and the number of layers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2230-2237. [PMID: 29303186 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06446b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
According to the Mermin-Wagner theorem, ripple deformation is ubiquitous in a two-dimensional (2D) free-standing sheet, influencing the electronic properties. However, the synergistic effects of the unrestricted ripples and the number of layers have still been a topic of extensive debate. To address this issue, we employed density functional theory including many-body van der Waals (vdW) correction to investigate the effects of the nondirective ripples on the geometric and electronic structures of multilayered graphene. We found that the many-body effects of vdW forces were essential for the binding of multilayered rippled graphene. The increase of curvature affects the electronic structures of rippled graphene by modifying stacking modes, while the increase in the number of layers can reduce band gap and work function directly. The coupling of these two effects can enhance the chemical activity of rippled graphene. Our results facilitate new insights into the geometric and electronic properties of rippled graphene, which can be generalized to other layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Cui
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
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46
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Jung WB, Cho KM, Lee WK, Odom TW, Jung HT. Universal Method for Creating Hierarchical Wrinkles on Thin-Film Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1347-1355. [PMID: 29179552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the most interesting topics in physical science and materials science is the creation of complex wrinkled structures on thin-film surfaces because of their several advantages of high surface area, localized strain, and stress tolerance. In this study, a significant step was taken toward solving limitations imposed by the fabrication of previous artificial wrinkles. A universal method for preparing hierarchical three-dimensional wrinkle structures of thin films on a multiple scale (e.g., nanometers to micrometers) by sequential wrinkling with different skin layers was developed. Notably, this method was not limited to specific materials, and it was applicable to fabricating hierarchical wrinkles on all of the thin-film surfaces tested thus far, including those of metals, two-dimensional and one-dimensional materials, and polymers. The hierarchical wrinkles with multiscale structures were prepared by sequential wrinkling, in which a sacrificial layer was used as the additional skin layer between sequences. For example, a hierarchical MoS2 wrinkle exhibited highly enhanced catalytic behavior because of the superaerophobicity and effective surface area, which are related to topological effects. As the developed method can be adopted to a majority of thin films, it is thought to be a universal method for enhancing the physical properties of various materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Bin Jung
- National Laboratory for Organic Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kyeong Min Cho
- National Laboratory for Organic Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- National Laboratory for Organic Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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47
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Kim SJ, Kwon O, Kim DW, Kim J, Jung HT. Influence of graphene thickness and grain boundaries on MoS2 wrinkle nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17000-17008. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of the graphene grain structure and thickness on the MoS2 wrinkle features were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Joon Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Organic Opto-Electronic Materials
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- South Korea
| | - Ohmin Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- South Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Organic Opto-Electronic Materials
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- South Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- South Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- National Research Laboratory for Organic Opto-Electronic Materials
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- South Korea
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48
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Li N, Yang Q, Liu X, Huang X, Zhang H, Wang C. Controllable Synthesis of Tunable Microstructures of Self-Supporting Graphene Films from Opened Bubble to Cube via in Situ Template-Modulating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42093-42101. [PMID: 29124924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) microstructured building units have replaced layer-to-layer stacked designs in transparent graphene films to fully exploit the advantages of two-dimensional graphene. However, it is still challenging to precisely control the size and microstructures of these building blocks to develop multifunctional graphene-based materials that satisfy the performance requirements of diverse applications. In this study, we propose a controllable method to regulate the microstructures of building units to form structures ranging from opened bubbles and cubes, while the size decreased from 20 to 3 μm, via an in situ template-modulating technology. NaCl was used as either a liquid or solid template by changing the dc bias. The reduced size and dense arrangement of the building units not only provide an improved mass loading for the transparent films but also build multiple pathways for fast ion/electron transmission, enhancing their promise for various practical applications. Generally, we provide a convenient protocol for finely regulating the microstructure and size of these building units, resulting in multifunctional films with a controllable transmittance, which enables the use of these graphene-based architectures as transparent electrodes in various applications and extends the family of multifunctional materials that will present new possibilities for electronics and other devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xuankai Huang
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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49
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Xu W, Qin Z, Chen CT, Kwag HR, Ma Q, Sarkar A, Buehler MJ, Gracias DH. Ultrathin thermoresponsive self-folding 3D graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701084. [PMID: 28989963 PMCID: PMC5630237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and other two-dimensional materials have unique physical and chemical properties of broad relevance. It has been suggested that the transformation of these atomically planar materials to three-dimensional (3D) geometries by bending, wrinkling, or folding could significantly alter their properties and lead to novel structures and devices with compact form factors, but strategies to enable this shape change remain limited. We report a benign thermally responsive method to fold and unfold monolayer graphene into predesigned, ordered 3D structures. The methodology involves the surface functionalization of monolayer graphene using ultrathin noncovalently bonded mussel-inspired polydopamine and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes. The functionalized graphene is micropatterned and self-folds into ordered 3D structures with reversible deformation under a full control by temperature. The structures are characterized using spectroscopy and microscopy, and self-folding is rationalized using a multiscale molecular dynamics model. Our work demonstrates the potential to design and fabricate ordered 3D graphene structures with predictable shape and dynamics. We highlight applicability by encapsulating live cells and creating nonlinear resistor and creased transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Teh Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hye Rin Kwag
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Qinli Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anjishnu Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Corresponding author.
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50
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Pacakova B, Verhagen T, Bousa M, Hübner U, Vejpravova J, Kalbac M, Frank O. Mastering the Wrinkling of Self-supported Graphene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10003. [PMID: 28855558 PMCID: PMC5577149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an approach that allows for the preparation of well-defined large arrays of graphene wrinkles with predictable geometry. Chemical vapor deposition grown graphene transferred onto hexagonal pillar arrays of SiO2 with sufficiently small interpillar distance forms a complex network of two main types of wrinkle arrangements. The first type is composed of arrays of aligned equidistantly separated parallel wrinkles propagating over large distances, and originates from line interfaces in the graphene, such as thin, long wrinkles and graphene grain boundaries. The second type of wrinkle arrangement is composed of non-aligned short wrinkles, formed in areas without line interfaces. Besides the presented hybrid graphene topography with distinct wrinkle geometries induced by the pre-patterned substrate, the graphene layers are suspended and self-supporting, exhibiting large surface area and negligible doping effects from the substrate. All these properties make this wrinkled graphene a promising candidate for a material with enhanced chemical reactivity useful in nanoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pacakova
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, v.v.i, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic.,J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Tim Verhagen
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, v.v.i, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bousa
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), PO. Box 100239, D-07702, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Vejpravova
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, v.v.i, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, CZ-180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalbac
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Frank
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
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