1
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Lynch ST, De Francesco A, Scaccia L, Suvorov A, Cai YQ, Agra-Kooijman DM, Sharpnack LL, Kumar S, Cunsolo A. Shear wave propagation in a liquid crystal: An inelastic X-ray scattering study. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234505. [PMID: 38904943 DOI: 10.1063/5.0212229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the spectrum of density fluctuations of a liquid crystal, CB7CB, in two different orientations by using high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering. Our analysis, based on Bayesian principles, revealed that high-frequency collective excitations propagate through this mesoscale-ordered sample in a peculiar manner that lies somewhere between those observed in liquids and crystalline systems. Interestingly, when we probed longer length scales, a more pronounced solid-like response emerged. This was mainly characterized by anomalously sharp inelastic excitations and the onset of shear mode propagation. Comparison with previous x-ray diffraction results suggests a correlation between the observed behavior and the mesogen arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Lynch
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A De Francesco
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Grenoble, INSIDE@ILL, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, 72 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - L Scaccia
- Dipartimento di Economia e Diritto, Università di Macerata, Via Crescimbeni 20, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - A Suvorov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Y Q Cai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - L L Sharpnack
- Earth Science and Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Department of Physics and Division of Research and Economic Development, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - A Cunsolo
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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2
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Barbour A, Cai YQ, Fluerasu A, Freychet G, Fukuto M, Gang O, Gann E, Laasch R, Li R, Ocko BM, Tsai EHR, Wąsik P, Wiegart L, Yager KG, Yang L, Zhang H, Zhang Y. X-ray Scattering for Soft Matter Research at NSLS-II. SYNCHROTRON RADIATION NEWS 2023; 36:24-30. [PMID: 38046894 PMCID: PMC10688614 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2207449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andi Barbour
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Yong Q Cai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | | | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Oleg Gang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eliot Gann
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricarda Laasch
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ocko
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Esther H R Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Patryk Wąsik
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Honghu Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
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3
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Bolmatov D, Collier CP, Zav’yalov D, Egami T, Katsaras J. Real Space and Time Imaging of Collective Headgroup Dipole Motions in Zwitterionic Lipid Bilayers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:442. [PMID: 37103869 PMCID: PMC10142431 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers are supramolecular structures responsible for a range of processes, such as transmembrane transport of ions and solutes, and sorting and replication of genetic materials, to name just a few. Some of these processes are transient and currently, cannot be visualized in real space and time. Here, we developed an approach using 1D, 2D, and 3D Van Hove correlation functions to image collective headgroup dipole motions in zwitterionic phospholipid bilayers. We show that both 2D and 3D spatiotemporal images of headgroup dipoles are consistent with commonly understood dynamic features of fluids. However, analysis of the 1D Van Hove function reveals lateral transient and re-emergent collective dynamics of the headgroup dipoles-occurring at picosecond time scales-that transmit and dissipate heat at longer times, due to relaxation processes. At the same time, the headgroup dipoles also generate membrane surface undulations due a collective tilting of the headgroup dipoles. A continuous intensity band of headgroup dipole spatiotemporal correlations-at nanometer length and nanosecond time scales-indicates that dipoles undergo stretching and squeezing elastic deformations. Importantly, the above mentioned intrinsic headgroup dipole motions can be externally stimulated at GHz-frequency scale, enhancing their flexoelectric and piezoelectric capabilities (i.e., increased conversion efficiency of mechanical energy into electric energy). In conclusion, we discuss how lipid membranes can provide molecular-level insights about biological learning and memory, and as platforms for the development of the next generation of neuromorphic computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - C. Patrick Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Dmitry Zav’yalov
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - John Katsaras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Sample Environment Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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4
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Kinnun JJ, Scott HL, Bolmatov D, Collier CP, Charlton TR, Katsaras J. Biophysical studies of lipid nanodomains using different physical characterization techniques. Biophys J 2023; 122:931-949. [PMID: 36698312 PMCID: PMC10111277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past 50 years, evidence for the existence of functional lipid domains has been steadily accumulating. Although the notion of functional lipid domains, also known as "lipid rafts," is now widely accepted, this was not always the case. This ambiguity surrounding lipid domains could be partly attributed to the fact that they are highly dynamic, nanoscopic structures. Since most commonly used techniques are sensitive to microscale structural features, it is therefore, not surprising that it took some time to reach a consensus regarding their existence. In this review article, we will discuss studies that have used techniques that are inherently sensitive to nanoscopic structural features (i.e., neutron scatting, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Förster resonance energy transfer). We will also mention techniques that may be of use in the future (i.e., cryoelectron microscopy, droplet interface bilayers, inelastic x-ray scattering, and neutron reflectometry), which can further our understanding of the different and unique physicochemical properties of nanoscopic lipid domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Kinnun
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
| | - Haden L Scott
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Dima Bolmatov
- Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - C Patrick Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Timothy R Charlton
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - John Katsaras
- Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Labs and Soft Matter Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
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5
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Cang Y, Liu J, Ryu M, Graczykowski B, Morikawa J, Yang S, Fytas G. On the origin of elasticity and heat conduction anisotropy of liquid crystal elastomers at gigahertz frequencies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5248. [PMID: 36068238 PMCID: PMC9448779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers that offer exceptional load-deformation response at low frequencies often require consideration of the mechanical anisotropy only along the two symmetry directions. However, emerging applications operating at high frequencies require all five true elastic constants. Here, we utilize Brillouin light spectroscopy to obtain the engineering moduli and probe the strain dependence of the elasticity anisotropy at gigahertz frequencies. The Young's modulus anisotropy, E||/E⊥~2.6, is unexpectedly lower than that measured by tensile testing, suggesting disparity between the local mesogenic orientation and the larger scale orientation of the network strands. Unprecedented is the robustness of E||/E⊥ to uniaxial load that it does not comply with continuously transformable director orientation observed in the tensile testing. Likewise, the heat conductivity is directional, κ||/κ⊥~3.0 with κ⊥ = 0.16 Wm-1K-1. Conceptually, this work reveals the different length scales involved in the thermoelastic anisotropy and provides insights for programming liquid crystal elastomers on-demand for high-frequency applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meguya Ryu
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono, Tsukuba, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Junko Morikawa
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany.
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6
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Bolmatov D. The Phonon Theory of Liquids and Biological Fluids: Developments and Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7121-7129. [PMID: 35950307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among the three basic states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas), the liquid state has always eluded general theoretical approaches for describing liquid energy and heat capacity. In this Viewpoint, we derive the phonon theory of liquids and biological fluids stemming from Frenkel's microscopic picture of the liquid state. Specifically, the theory predicts the existence of phonon gaps in vibrational spectra of liquids and a thermodynamic boundary in the supercritical state. Direct experimental evidence reaffirming these theoretical predictions was achieved through a combination of techniques using static compression X-ray diffraction and inelastic X-ray scattering on deeply supercritical argon in a diamond anvil cell. Furthermore, these findings inspired and then led to the discovery of phonon gaps in liquid crystals (mesogens), block copolymers, and biological membranes. Importantly, phonon gaps define viscoelastic crossovers in cellular membranes responsible for lipid self-diffusion, lateral molecular-level stress propagation, and passive transmembrane transport of small molecules and solutes. Finally, molecular interactions mediated by external stimuli result in synaptic activity controlling biological membranes' plasticity resulting in learning and memory. Therefore, we also discuss learning and memory effects─equally important for neuroscience as well as for the development of neuromorphic devices─facilitated in biological membranes by external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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7
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De Francesco A, Scaccia L, Formisano F, Guarini E, Bafile U, Maccarini M, Zhang Y, Nykypanchuck D, Alatas A, Cunsolo A. The damping of terahertz acoustic modes in aqueous nanoparticle suspensions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20110. [PMID: 34635734 PMCID: PMC8505432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the possibility of controlling the acoustic damping in a liquid when nanoparticles are suspended in it. To shed light on this topic, we performed Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS) measurements of the terahertz collective dynamics of aqueous suspensions of nanospheres of various materials, size, and relative concentration, either charged or neutral. A Bayesian analysis of measured spectra indicates that the damping of the two acoustic modes of water increases upon nanoparticle immersion. This effect seems particularly pronounced for the longitudinal acoustic mode, which, whenever visible at all, rapidly damps off when increasing the exchanged wavevector. Results also indicate that the observed effect strongly depends on the material the immersed nanoparticles are made of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio De Francesco
- CNR-IOM & INSIDE@ILL c/o Operative Group in Grenoble (OGG), 38042, Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Luisa Scaccia
- Dipartimento di Economia e Diritto, Università di Macerata, Via Crescimbeni 20, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Formisano
- CNR-IOM & INSIDE@ILL c/o Operative Group in Grenoble (OGG), 38042, Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Eleonora Guarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bafile
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Maccarini
- Laboratoire TIMC/IMAG UMR CNRS 5525, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Dmytro Nykypanchuck
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Alatas
- Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, 11973, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Cunsolo
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA.
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8
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Bolmatov D, Kinnun JJ, Katsaras J, Lavrentovich MO. Phonon-mediated lipid raft formation in biological membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104979. [PMID: 32980352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Short-wavelength collective molecular motions, also known as phonons, have recently attracted much interest in revealing dynamic properties of biological membranes through the use of neutron and X-ray scattering, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics simulations. Experimentally detecting unique vibrational patterns such as, shear phonon excitations, viscoelastic crossovers, transverse acoustic phonon gaps, and continuous and truncated optical phonon modes in cellular membranes, to name a few, has proven non-trivial. Here, we review recent advances in liquid thermodynamics that have resulted in the development of the phonon theory of liquids. The theory has important predictions regarding the shear vibrational spectra of fluids, namely the emergence of viscoelastic crossovers and transverse acoustic phonon gaps. Furthermore, we show that these vibrational patterns are common in soft (non-crystalline) materials, including, but not limited to liquids, colloids, liquid crystals (mesogens), block copolymers, and biological membranes. The existence of viscoelastic crossovers and acoustic phonon gaps define the self-diffusion properties of cellular membranes and provide a molecular picture of the transient nature of lipid rafts (Bolmatov et al., 2020). Importantly, the timescales (picoseconds) for the formation and dissolution of transient lipid rafts match the lifetime of the formation and breakdown of interfacial water hydrogen bonds. Apart from acoustic propagating phonon modes, biological membranes can also support more energetic non-propagating optical phonon excitations, also known as standing waves or breathing modes. Importantly, optical phonons can be truncated due to the existence of finite size nanodomains made up of strongly correlated lipid-cholesterol molecular pairs. These strongly coupled molecular pairs can serve as nucleation centers for the formation of stable rafts at larger length scales, due to correlations of spontaneous fluctuations (Onsager's regression hypothesis). Finally and importantly, molecular level viscoelastic crossovers, acoustic phonon gaps, and continuous and truncated optical phonon modes may offer insights as to how lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions enable biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - Jacob J Kinnun
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
| | - John Katsaras
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Sample Environment Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
| | - Maxim O Lavrentovich
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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9
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Bolmatov D, Soloviov D, Zhernenkov M, Zav'yalov D, Mamontov E, Suvorov A, Cai YQ, Katsaras J. Molecular Picture of the Transient Nature of Lipid Rafts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4887-4896. [PMID: 32259453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In biological membranes, lipid rafts are now thought to be transient and nanoscopic. However, the mechanism responsible for these nanoscopic assemblies remains poorly understood, even in the case of model membranes. As a result, it has proven extremely challenging to probe the physicochemical properties of lipid rafts at the molecular level. Here, we use all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS), an intrinsically nanoscale technique, to directly probe the energy transfer and collective short-wavelength dynamics (phonons) of biologically relevant model membranes. We show that the nanoscale propagation of stress in lipid rafts takes place in the form of collective motions made up of longitudinal (compression waves) and transverse (shear waves) molecular vibrations. Importantly, we provide a molecular picture for the so-called van der Waals mediated "force from lipid" [Anishkin, A. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2014, 111, 7898], a key parameter for the ionic channel mechano-transduction and the mechanism for the lipid transfer of molecular level stress [Aponte-Santamarı́a, C. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 13588]. Specifically, we describe how lipid rafts are formed and maintained through the propagation of molecular stress, lipid raft rattling dynamics, and a relaxation process. Eventually, the rafts dissipate through the self-diffusion of lipids making up the rafts. We also show that the molecular stress and viscoelastic properties of transient lipid rafts can be modulated through the use of hydrophobic biomolecules such as melatonin and tryptophan. Ultimately, the herein proposed mechanism describing the molecular interactions for the formation and dissolution of lipid rafts may offer insights as to how lipid rafts enable biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dmytro Soloviov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Eugene Mamontov
- Spectroscopy Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexey Suvorov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yong Q Cai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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10
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Bolmatov D, Zav'yalov D, Carrillo JM, Katsaras J. Fractal boundaries underpin the 2D melting of biomimetic rafts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183249. [PMID: 32147353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | | | - Jan-Michael Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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11
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Soloviov D, Cai YQ, Bolmatov D, Suvorov A, Zhernenkov K, Zav'yalov D, Bosak A, Uchiyama H, Zhernenkov M. Functional lipid pairs as building blocks of phase-separated membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4749-4757. [PMID: 32071249 PMCID: PMC7060688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919264117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes exhibit a great deal of compositional and phase heterogeneity due to hundreds of chemically distinct components. As a result, phase separation processes in cell membranes are extremely difficult to study, especially at the molecular level. It is currently believed that the lateral membrane heterogeneity and the formation of domains, or rafts, are driven by lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms regulating membrane heterogeneity remain poorly understood. In the present work, we combine inelastic X-ray scattering with molecular dynamics simulations to provide direct evidence for the existence of strongly coupled transient lipid pairs. These lipid pairs manifest themselves experimentally through optical vibrational (a.k.a. phononic) modes observed in binary (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DPPC]-cholesterol) and ternary (DPPC-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DOPC/POPC]-cholesterol) systems. The existence of a phononic gap in these vibrational modes is a direct result of the finite size of patches formed by these lipid pairs. The observation of lipid pairs provides a spatial (subnanometer) and temporal (subnanosecond) window into the lipid-lipid interactions in complex mixtures of saturated/unsaturated lipids and cholesterol. Our findings represent a step toward understanding the lateral organization and dynamics of membrane domains using a well-validated probe with a high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Soloviov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Nuclear Facility Safety Department, Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Chornobyl 07270, Ukraine
| | - Yong Q Cai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Dima Bolmatov
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Alexey Suvorov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Kirill Zhernenkov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Dmitry Zav'yalov
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia
| | - Alexey Bosak
- Experiments Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Hiroshi Uchiyama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973;
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12
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Hönnicke MG, Cusatis C, Conley R, Kakuno EM, Kasman E, Huang X, Bouet N, Zhou J, Cai YQ, Basso Marques J, Vicentin FC. X-ray back-diffraction: can we further increase the energy resolution by tuning the energy slightly below that of exact backscattering? J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719012925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray beams at energies tuned slightly below that of exact backscattering (extreme conditions, where X-ray back-diffraction is almost extinguished – called residual XBD) are better focused if the experiment is carried out at lower energies in order to avoid multiple-beam diffraction effects. Following previous work by the authors [Hönnicke, Conley, Cusatis, Kakuno, Zhou, Bouet, Marques & Vicentin (2014). J. Appl. Cryst.
47, 1658–1665], herein efforts are directed towards characterizing the residual XBD beam of an ultra-thin Si 220 crystal (UTSiXTAL) at ∼3.2 keV. To achieve the residual XBD condition the UTSiXTAL was cooled from 310 to 273 K. The results indicate that under this extreme condition the energy resolution can be further improved. Issues with the energy resolution measurements due to incoming beam divergence and the ultra-thin crystal flatness are discussed.
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13
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Ryu M, Cang Y, Wang Z, Fytas G, Morikawa J. Temperature-Dependent Thermoelastic Anisotropy of the Phenyl Pyrimidine Liquid Crystal. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:17148-17154. [PMID: 31354898 PMCID: PMC6647967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b04270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling thermoelastic anisotropy of liquid crystals (LCs) is important for achieving reliable structural stability and efficient heat dissipation, especially for high-performance LC devices. A solid understanding of the thermoelastic anisotropy and its relation with the LC molecular structure is, however, still missing. Here, we studied the direction-dependent mechanical and thermal properties of 5-n-octyl-2-(4-n-octyloxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine (PYP8O8) in a wide temperature range, covering five phases (i.e., crystalline, smectic C, smectic A, nematic, and liquid), by Brillouin light spectroscopy and temperature wave analysis, respectively. We found that the mechanical anisotropy is much smaller than the thermal anisotropy at LC phases; both anisotropies show strong phase dependence, with the biggest change occurring at the crystalline to LC phase transition; and the anisotropy of the phonon mean-free path correlates with the structural anisotropy of the rigid core of the LC molecule. The analysis of the temperature-dependent thermoelastic anisotropy of LCs yields insights into structure-based phonon engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguya Ryu
- School
of Materials and Chemical Technology and Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative
(WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zuyuan Wang
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- School
of Materials and Chemical Technology and Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative
(WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Junko Morikawa
- School
of Materials and Chemical Technology and Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative
(WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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14
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D'Angelo G, Nibali VC, Wanderlingh U, Branca C, De Francesco A, Sacchetti F, Petrillo C, Paciaroni A. Multiple Interacting Collective Modes and Phonon Gap in Phospholipid Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4367-4372. [PMID: 30024172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We combine Brillouin neutron scattering measurements with recent inelastic X-ray scattering [ Zhernenkov et al. Nat. Commun. 2016 , 7 , 11575 ] to propose a model for the collective dynamics of phospholipid bilayers. Neutron and X-ray spectra were fitted by the model response function associated with the Hamiltonian of an interacting-phonon system. This approach allows for a comprehensive and unprecedented picture of the vibrational collective features of phospholipids. At low wavevectors Q, the dispersion relations can be interpreted in terms of two acoustic-like modes, one longitudinal and one transverse, plus a dispersionless optic-like mode. The transverse mode of the liquid phase shows a phonon gap that can be linked to a passive transport mechanism through membranes, an interpretation that was proposed in Zhernenkov et al. At higher Q values, the interaction of the longitudinal acoustic excitation with the dispersionless mode gives rise to a pattern that is consistent with avoided-crossing behavior. Evidence is found for a slow- to fast-sound transition, similar to bulk water and other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra , Universitá degli Studi di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Valeria Conti Nibali
- Lehrstuhl fur Physikalische Chemie II , Ruhr Universitat , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Ulderico Wanderlingh
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra , Universitá degli Studi di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Caterina Branca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra , Universitá degli Studi di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Alessio De Francesco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Istituto Officina dei Materiali OGG, c/o Institut Laue Langevin , 71 Ave. des Martyrs , BP 156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex , France
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia , Universitá degli Studi di Perugia , Via Pascoli , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Caterina Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia , Universitá degli Studi di Perugia , Via Pascoli , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia , Universitá degli Studi di Perugia , Via Pascoli , 06123 Perugia , Italy
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15
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Bolmatov D, Cai YQ, Zav'yalov D, Zhernenkov M. Crossover from picosecond collective to single particle dynamics defines the mechanism of lateral lipid diffusion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2446-2455. [PMID: 30031781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that the thermally excited motions of the molecules in a cell membrane is the prerequisite for a cell to carry its biological functions. On the other hand, the detailed mapping of the ultrafast picosecond single-molecule and the collective lipid dynamics in a cell membrane remains rather elusive. Here, we report all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer over a wide range of temperature. We elucidate a molecular mechanism underlying the lateral lipid diffusion in a cell membrane across the gel, rippled, and liquid phases using an analysis of the longitudinal and transverse current correlation spectra, the velocity auto-correlation functions, and the molecules mean square displacements. The molecular mechanism is based on the anomalous ultrafast vibrational properties of lipid molecules at the viscous-to-elastic crossover. The macroscopic lipid diffusion coefficients predicted by the proposed diffusion model are in a good agreement with experimentally observed values. Furthermore, we unveil the role of water confined at the water-lipid interface in triggering collective vibrations in a lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Yong Q Cai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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16
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Exploring “Dormant” Opto-Mechanical Properties of the Isotropic Phase of Liquid Crystals and Revealing Hidden Elasticity of (Ordinary) Liquids. FLUIDS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids3020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Bolmatov D, Soloviov D, Zav'yalov D, Sharpnack L, Agra-Kooijman DM, Kumar S, Zhang J, Liu M, Katsaras J. Anomalous Nanoscale Optoacoustic Phonon Mixing in Nematic Mesogens. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2546-2553. [PMID: 29706065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) experiments on mesogens have revealed entirely new capabilities with regards to their nanoscale phonon-assisted heat management. Mesogens such as nematic liquid crystals (LCs) are appealing systems for study because their structure and morphology can easily be tuned. We report on Q-resolved ultra-high-resolution IXS, X-ray diffraction, and THz time-domain spectroscopy experiments combined with large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on the dynamic properties of 5CB LCs. For the first time, we observe a strong mixing of phonon excitations originating from independent in-phase and out-of-phase van-der-Waals-mediated displacement patterns. The coexistence of transverse acoustic and optical modes of 5CB LCs at near room temperature is revealed through the emergent transverse phonon gap and THz light-phonon coupling taking place within the same energy range. Furthermore, our experimental observations are supported by analysis showing correlations of spontaneous fluctuations of LCs on picosecond time scales. These findings are significant for the design of a new generation of soft molecular vibration-sensitive nanoacoustic and optomechanical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Neutron Scattering Directorate , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Dmytro Soloviov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics , Joint Institute for Nuclear Research , Dubna 141980 , Russia
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kyiv 01033 , Ukraine
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny 141701 , Russia
| | - Dmitry Zav'yalov
- Volgograd State Technical University , Volgograd 400005 , Russia
| | - Lewis Sharpnack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Grenoble 38043 , France
| | - Deña M Agra-Kooijman
- Liquid Crystal Institute , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio 44242 , United States
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Division of Research and Department of Physics , University at Albany , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Neutron Scattering Directorate , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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