1
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Yang Y, Chikkaraddy R, Lin Q, Clarke DDA, Wigger D, Baumberg JJ, Hess O. Electrochemically Switchable Multimode Strong Coupling in Plasmonic Nanocavities. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:238-244. [PMID: 38164905 PMCID: PMC10786147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The strong-coupling interaction between quantum emitters and cavities provides the archetypical platform for fundamental quantum electrodynamics. Here we show that methylene blue (MB) molecules interact coherently with subwavelength plasmonic nanocavity modes at room temperature. Experimental results show that the strong coupling can be switched on and off reversibly when MB molecules undergo redox reactions which transform them to leuco-methylene blue molecules. In simulations we demonstrate the strong coupling between the second excited plasmonic cavity mode and resonant emitters. However, we also show that other detuned modes simultaneously couple efficiently to the molecular transitions, creating unusual cascades of mode spectral shifts and polariton formation. This is possible due to the relatively large plasmonic particle size resulting in reduced mode splittings. The results open significant potential for device applications utilizing active control of strong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Yang
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, England, U.K.
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Hybrid
Materials for Optoelectronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for
Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Wigger
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ortwin Hess
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
- CRANN
Institute and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
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2
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Zhao Y, Xiao C, Mejia E, Garg A, Song J, Agrawal A, Zhou W. Voltage Modulation of Nanoplasmonic Metal Luminescence from Nano-Optoelectrodes in Electrolytes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8634-8645. [PMID: 37093562 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon modes can concentrate optical fields and enhance luminescence processes from the metal surface at plasmonic hotspots. Such nanoplasmonic metal luminescence contributes to the spectral background in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements and is helpful in bioimaging, nanothermometry and chemical reaction monitoring applications. Although there is growing interest in nanoplasmonic metal luminescence, its dependence on voltage modulation has received limited attention in research investigations. Also, the hyphenated electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) technique typically ignores voltage-dependent spectral background information associated with nanoplasmonic metal luminescence due to limited mechanistic understanding and poor measurement reproducibility. Here, we report a combined experiment and theory study on dynamic voltage-modulated nanoplasmonic metal luminescence from hotspots at the electrode-electrolyte interface using multiresonant nanolaminate nano-optoelectrode arrays. Our EC-SERS measurements under 785 nm continuous wavelength laser excitation demonstrate that short-wavenumber nanoplasmonic metal luminescence associated with plasmon-enhanced electronic Raman scattering (PE-ERS) exhibits a negative voltage modulation slope (up to ≈30% V-1) in physiological ionic solutions. Furthermore, we have developed a phenomenological model to intuitively capture the plasmonic, electronic, and ionic characteristics at the metal-electrolyte interface to understand the observed dependence of the PE-ERS voltage modulation slope on voltage polarization and ionic strength. The current work represents a critical step toward the general application of nanoplasmonic metal luminescence signals in optical voltage biosensing, hybrid optical-electrical signal transduction, and interfacial electrochemical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Elieser Mejia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aditya Garg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Junyeob Song
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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3
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Liu D, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Qing YM, Wang Y, Huang H, Leung CW, Lei D. Light-Triggered Reversible Tuning of Second-Harmonic Generation in a Photoactive Plasmonic Molecular Nanocavity. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37067172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasmall mode volume and ultralarge local field enhancement of compact plasmonic nanocavities have been widely explored to amplify a variety of optical phenomena at the nanoscale. Other than passively generating near-field enhancements, dynamic tuning of their intensity and associated nonlinear optical processes such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) play vital roles in the field of active nanophotonics. Here we apply a host-guest molecular complex to construct a photoswitchable molecule-sandwiched metallic particle-on-film nanocavity (MPoFN) and demonstrate both light-controlled linear and nonlinear optical tuning. Under alternating illumination of ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, the photoactive plasmonic molecular nanocavity shows reversible switching of both surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon resonance. Surprisingly, we observe more significant modulation of SHG from this photoactive MPoFN, which can be explained qualitatively by the quantum conductivity theory (QCT). Our study could pave the way for developing miniaturized integrated optical circuits for ultrafast all-optical information processing and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Optoelectronics and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Ming Qing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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4
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Searles EK, Gomez E, Lee S, Ostovar B, Link S, Landes CF. Single-Particle Photoluminescence and Dark-Field Scattering during Charge Density Tuning. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:318-325. [PMID: 36603176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle spectroelectrochemistry provides optical insight into understanding physical and chemical changes occurring on the nanoscale. While changes in dark-field scattering during electrochemical charging are well understood, changes to the photoluminescence of plasmonic nanoparticles under similar conditions are less studied. Here, we use correlated single-particle photoluminescence and dark-field scattering to compare their plasmon modulation at applied potentials. We find that changes in the emission of a single gold nanorod during charge density tuning of intraband photoluminescence can be attributed to changes in the Purcell factor and absorption cross section. Finally, modulation of interband photoluminescence provides an additional constructive observable, giving promise for establishing dual channel sensing in spectroelectrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Searles
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Eric Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas77005, United States
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5
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Potential Controlled Redox Cycling of 4-aminothiophenol by Coupling Plasmon Mediated Chemical Reaction with Electrochemical Reaction. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Peng J, Lin Q, Földes T, Jeong HH, Xiong Y, Pitsalidis C, Malliaras GG, Rosta E, Baumberg JJ. In-Situ Spectro-Electrochemistry of Conductive Polymers Using Plasmonics to Reveal Doping Mechanisms. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21120-21128. [PMID: 36468680 PMCID: PMC9798863 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are a key component for developing wearable organic electronics, but tracking their redox processes at the nanoscale to understand their doping mechanism remains challenging. Here we present an in-situ spectro-electrochemical technique to observe redox dynamics of conductive polymers in an extremely localized volume (<100 nm3). Plasmonic nanoparticles encapsulated by thin shells of different conductive polymers provide actively tuned scattering color through switching their refractive index. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering in combination with cyclic voltammetry enables detailed studies of the redox/doping process. Our data intriguingly show that the doping mechanism varies with polymer conductivity: a disproportionation mechanism dominates in more conductive polymers, while sequential electron transfer prevails in less conductive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Peng
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Tamás Földes
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Yuling Xiong
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30AS, U.K.
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30FA, U.K.
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
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7
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Wright D, Sangtarash S, Mueller NS, Lin Q, Sadeghi H, Baumberg JJ. Vibrational Stark Effects: Ionic Influence on Local Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4905-4911. [PMID: 35623089 PMCID: PMC9189927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecules containing vibrational Stark shift reporters provide a useful tool for measuring DC electric fields in situ. To quantify this effect theoretically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are usually utilized in a uniform electric field. However, using a combined theoretical and experimental study, we demonstrate here that uniform field DFT cannot simultaneously model the behavior of the three strongest vibrational modes in molecules forming a monolayer on an electrode. We show, by directly modeling ionic movement, that the measured Stark shifts are explained by partial electrical double-layer penetration into the molecular layer. This effect is sensitive to the local environment, and the Stark shifts can be fully suppressed experimentally by introducing a mixed molecular layer that prevents ionic double-layer penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelza Wright
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device
Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Niclas S. Mueller
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device
Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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8
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Lee J, Jeon DJ, Yeo JS. Quantum Plasmonics: Energy Transport Through Plasmonic Gap. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006606. [PMID: 33891781 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At the interfaces of metal and dielectric materials, strong light-matter interactions excite surface plasmons; this allows electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement on the sub-wavelength scale. Such phenomena have attracted considerable interest in the field of exotic material-based nanophotonic research, with potential applications including nonlinear spectroscopies, information processing, single-molecule sensing, organic-molecule devices, and plasmon chemistry. These innovative plasmonics-based technologies can meet the ever-increasing demands for speed and capacity in nanoscale devices, offering ultrasensitive detection capabilities and low-power operations. Size scaling from the nanometer to sub-nanometer ranges is consistently researched; as a result, the quantum behavior of localized surface plasmons, as well as those of matter, nonlocality, and quantum electron tunneling is investigated using an innovative nanofabrication and chemical functionalization approach, thereby opening a new era of quantum plasmonics. This new field enables the ultimate miniaturization of photonic components and provides extreme limits on light-matter interactions, permitting energy transport across the extremely small plasmonic gap. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of quantum plasmonic resonators with particular focus on novel materials is presented. By exploring the novel gap materials in quantum regime, the potential quantum technology applications are also searched for and mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jeon
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kim JH, Cha S, Kim Y, Son J, Park JE, Oh JW, Nam JM. Nontrivial, Unconventional Electrochromic Behaviors of Plasmonic Nanocubes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7512-7518. [PMID: 34491741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic electrochromism, a change in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with an applied electric potential, has been attracting increasing attention for the development of spectroscopic tools or optoelectronic systems. There is a consensus on the mechanism of plasmonic electrochromism based on the classical capacitor and the Drude model. However, the electrochromic behaviors of metallic nanoparticles in narrow optical windows have been demonstrated only with small monotonic LSPR shifts, which limits the use of the electrochromism. Here, we observed three distinct electrochromic behaviors of gold nanocubes with a wide potential range through in situ dark-field electrospectroscopy. Interestingly, the nanocubes show a faster frequency shift under the highly negative potential, and this opens the possibility of largely tunable electrochromic LSPR shifts. The reversibility of the electrochemical switching with these cubes are also shown. We attribute this unexpected change beyond classical understandings to the material-specific quantum mechanical electronic structures of the plasmonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seungsang Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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10
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Guo J, Yan X, Xu M, Ghimire G, Pan X, He J. Effective Electrochemical Modulation of SERS Intensity Assisted by Core-Shell Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4441-4448. [PMID: 33651586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective and reversible tuning of the intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of nonelectroactive molecules at nonresonance conditions by electrochemical means has been developed on plasmonic molecular nanojunctions formed between Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) and a gold nanoelectrode (AuNE) modified with a self-assembled monolayer. The Au@Ag nanoparticle on nanoelectrode (NPoNE) structures are formed in situ by the electrochemical deposition of Ag on AuNPs adsorbed on the AuNE and can be monitored by both the electrochemical current and SERS signals. Instead of introducing molecular changes by the applied electrode potential, the highly effective SERS intensity tuning was achieved by the chemical composition transformation of the ultrathin Ag shell from metallic Ag to insulating AgCl. The electrode potential-induced electromagnetic enhancement (EME) tuning in the Au@Ag NPoNE structure has been confirmed by finite-difference time-domain simulations. Moreover, the specific Raman band associated with Ag-molecule interaction can also be tuned by the electrode potential. Therefore, we demonstrated that the electrode potential could effectively and reversibly modulate both EME and chemical enhancement in Au@Ag NPoNE structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States.,Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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11
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Wright D, Lin Q, Berta D, Földes T, Wagner A, Griffiths J, Readman C, Rosta E, Reisner E, Baumberg JJ. Mechanistic study of an immobilized molecular electrocatalyst by in situ gap-plasmon-assisted spectro-electrochemistry. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Dyrnesli H, Klös G, Sutherland DS. Under-Etched Plasmonic Disks on Indium Tin Oxide for Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing on a Combined Electrochemical and Optical Platform. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13040853. [PMID: 32069943 PMCID: PMC7078751 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach to enhance the refractive index sensitivity of gold nanodisks immobilized on electrically conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates has been demonstrated. A two-fold increase in sensitivity to bulk refractive index change was achieved by substrate under-etching of gold nanodisks on ITO in 50 mM sulfuric acid. The influence of an intermediate titanium adhesion layer was investigated and was found to markedly influence the etching pattern and time. Etching with an adhesion layer resulted in enhanced refractive index sensitivity on disk-on-pin like structures after long etching times, whereas etching of disks deposited directly on ITO resulted in a disk-on-pincushion like configuration and similarly enhanced sensitivity already at shorter times. The gold disks remained electrically connected to the ITO substrate throughout etching and allowed site-specific electrodeposition of poly(3-aminophenol) at the nanodisks, showing enhanced thin-film refractive index sensitivity. This work demonstrates a simple method for enhancing refractive index sensitivity of nanostructures on ITO substrates for combined electrochemical and optical platforms, and subsequently a method to modify the surface of the electrically connected nanostructures, which has potential application in biosensing.
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13
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Langer J, Jimenez de Aberasturi D, Aizpurua J, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Auguié B, Baumberg JJ, Bazan GC, Bell SEJ, Boisen A, Brolo AG, Choo J, Cialla-May D, Deckert V, Fabris L, Faulds K, García de Abajo FJ, Goodacre R, Graham D, Haes AJ, Haynes CL, Huck C, Itoh T, Käll M, Kneipp J, Kotov NA, Kuang H, Le Ru EC, Lee HK, Li JF, Ling XY, Maier SA, Mayerhöfer T, Moskovits M, Murakoshi K, Nam JM, Nie S, Ozaki Y, Pastoriza-Santos I, Perez-Juste J, Popp J, Pucci A, Reich S, Ren B, Schatz GC, Shegai T, Schlücker S, Tay LL, Thomas KG, Tian ZQ, Van Duyne RP, Vo-Dinh T, Wang Y, Willets KA, Xu C, Xu H, Xu Y, Yamamoto YS, Zhao B, Liz-Marzán LM. Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2020; 14:28-117. [PMID: 31478375 PMCID: PMC6990571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1331] [Impact Index Per Article: 332.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Langer
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | | | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials
Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU), and Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento
de Química Física e Inorgánica and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Baptiste Auguié
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department
of Materials and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation
and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery
and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
- Center
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Laura Fabris
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers
University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
- The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Haes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian Huck
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tamitake Itoh
- Nano-Bioanalysis
Research Group, Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin-Adlershof 12489, Germany
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hua Kuang
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Eric C. Le Ru
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair in
Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayerhöfer
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Kei Murakoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North 10 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | | | - Jorge Perez-Juste
- Departamento
de Química Física and CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical
Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration
Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Li-Lin Tay
- National
Research Council Canada, Metrology Research
Centre, Ottawa K1A0R6, Canada
| | - K. George Thomas
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick
Institute for Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Katherine A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School
of Physics and Technology and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko S. Yamamoto
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key
Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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14
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Ma Y, Sikdar D, Fedosyuk A, Velleman L, Klemme DJ, Oh SH, Kucernak ARJ, Kornyshev AA, Edel JB. Electrotunable Nanoplasmonics for Amplified Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:328-336. [PMID: 31808672 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the properties of optical metamaterials in real time is one of the grand challenges of photonics. Being able to do so will enable a class of adaptive photonic materials for use in applications such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and reflectors/absorbers. One strategy to achieving this goal is based on the electrovariable self-assembly and disassembly of two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays at a metal | liquid interface. As expected, the structure results in plasmonic coupling between NPs in the array but perhaps as importantly between the array and the metal surface. In such a system, the density of the nanoparticle array can be reversibly controlled by the variation of electrode potential. Theory suggests that due to a collective plasmon-coupling effect less than 1 V variation of electrode potential can give rise to a dramatic simultaneous change in optical reflectivity from ∼93% to ∼1% and the amplification of the SERS signal by up to 5 orders of magnitude. This is experimentally demonstrated using a platform based on the voltage-controlled assembly of 40 nm Au-nanoparticle arrays at a TiN/Ag electrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. We show that all the physics underpinning the behavior of this platform works precisely as suggested by the proposed theory, setting the electrochemical nanoplasmonics as a promising direction in photonics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266100 , China
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Aleksandra Fedosyuk
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Leonora Velleman
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Daniel J Klemme
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Anthony R J Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
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15
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Baumberg JJ, Aizpurua J, Mikkelsen MH, Smith DR. Extreme nanophotonics from ultrathin metallic gaps. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:668-678. [PMID: 30936482 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin dielectric gaps between metals can trap plasmonic optical modes with surprisingly low loss and with volumes below 1 nm3. We review the origin and subtle properties of these modes, and show how they can be well accounted for by simple models. Particularly important is the mixing between radiating antennas and confined nanogap modes, which is extremely sensitive to precise nanogeometry, right down to the single-atom level. Coupling nanogap plasmons to electronic and vibronic transitions yields a host of phenomena including single-molecule strong coupling and molecular optomechanics, opening access to atomic-scale chemistry and materials science, as well as quantum metamaterials. Ultimate low-energy devices such as robust bottom-up assembled single-atom switches are thus in prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastiàn, Spain
| | - Maiken H Mikkelsen
- Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David R Smith
- Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Ma Y, Sikdar D, Fedosyuk A, Velleman L, Zhao M, Tang L, Kornyshev AA, Edel JB. Auxetic Thermoresponsive Nanoplasmonic Optical Switch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22754-22760. [PMID: 31134791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Development and use of metamaterials have been gaining prominence in large part due to the possibility of creating platforms with "disruptive" and unique optical properties. However, to date, the majority of such systems produced using micro or nanotechnology are static and can only perform certain target functions. Next-generation multifunctional smart optical metamaterials are expected to have tunable elements with the possibility of controlling the optical properties in real time via variation in parameters such as pressure, mechanical stress, and voltage or through nonlinear optical effects. Here, we address this challenge by developing a thermally controlled optical switch, based on the self-assembly of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-functionalized gold nanoparticles on a planar macroscale gold substrate. We show that such meta-surfaces can be tuned to exhibit substantial changes in the optical properties in terms of both wavelength and intensity, through the temperature-controlled variation of the interparticle distance within the nanoparticle monolayer as well as its separation from the substrate. This change is based on temperature-induced auxetic expansion and contraction of the functional ligands. Such a system has potential for numerous applications, ranging from thermal sensors to regulated light harnessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Aleksandra Fedosyuk
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Leonora Velleman
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Minggang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Longhua Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, School of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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17
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Peng J, Jeong HH, Lin Q, Cormier S, Liang HL, De Volder MFL, Vignolini S, Baumberg JJ. Scalable electrochromic nanopixels using plasmonics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2205. [PMID: 31093530 PMCID: PMC6510554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces are a promising route for flat panel display applications due to their full color gamut and high spatial resolution. However, this plasmonic coloration cannot be readily tuned and requires expensive lithographic techniques. Here, we present scalable electrically driven color-changing metasurfaces constructed using a bottom-up solution process that controls the crucial plasmonic gaps and fills them with an active medium. Electrochromic nanoparticles are coated onto a metallic mirror, providing the smallest-area active plasmonic pixels to date. These nanopixels show strong scattering colors and are electrically tunable across >100-nm wavelength ranges. Their bistable behavior (with persistence times exceeding hundreds of seconds) and ultralow energy consumption (9 fJ per pixel) offer vivid, uniform, nonfading color that can be tuned at high refresh rates (>50 Hz) and optical contrast (>50%). These dynamics scale from the single nanoparticle level to multicentimeter scale films in subwavelength thickness devices, which are a hundredfold thinner than current displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Peng
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sean Cormier
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hsin-Ling Liang
- NanoManufacturing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Michael F. L. De Volder
- NanoManufacturing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author.
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18
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Pensa E, Gargiulo J, Lauri A, Schlücker S, Cortés E, Maier SA. Spectral Screening of the Energy of Hot Holes over a Particle Plasmon Resonance. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1867-1874. [PMID: 30789274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic hot carriers have been recently identified as key elements for photocatalysis at visible wavelengths. The possibility to transfer energy between metal plasmonic nanoparticles and nearby molecules depends not only on carrier generation and collection efficiencies but also on their energy at the metal-molecule interface. Here an energy screening study was performed by monitoring the aniline electro-polymerization reaction via an illuminated 80 nm gold nanoparticle. Our results show that plasmon excitation reduces the energy required to start the polymerization reaction as much as 0.24 eV. Three possible photocatalytic mechanisms were explored: the enhanced near field of the illuminated particle, the temperature increase at the metal-liquid interface, and the excited electron-hole pairs. This last phenomenon is found to be the one contributing most prominently to the observed energy reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Pensa
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Julian Gargiulo
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Lauri
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80539 München , Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80539 München , Germany
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19
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Ma T, Guo J, Chang S, Wang X, Zhou J, Liang F, He J. Modulating and probing the dynamic intermolecular interactions in plasmonic molecule-pair junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15940-15948. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds, are electromechanically modulated and probed in metal–molecule pair–metal junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials and Metallurgy
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Shuai Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials and Metallurgy
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Jianghao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials and Metallurgy
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials and Metallurgy
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute
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20
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu B. Nanoscale tracking plasmon-driven photocatalysis in individual nanojunctions by vibrational spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21742-21747. [PMID: 30431050 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) are promising catalysts in photocatalytic reactions. Understanding the exact role of sites where two particles are approaching (hot spots) is important to achieve higher efficiency of photocatalysis, and promote the development of advanced plasmon-driven photocatalytic systems. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was employed to probe photocatalytic coupling reactions occurring at individual plasmonic nanojunctions that trap light to nanoscale while serving as nanoreactors. Compared with nanocavities fabricated using the small Ag NPs (70 nm or 82 nm), the 102 nm Ag NP-molecule-Au thin film nanojunction demonstrated enhanced reaction kinetics and catalytic efficiency. On the basis of the experimental results and theoretical modeling, it was concluded that the photochemical reaction dynamics and yields showed direct correlation with the local electric field enhancement at the nanojunction hot spot. The largely enhanced electric field generates increased hot plasmonic electrons, promoting chemical transformations of the adsorbed molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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21
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Mutual promotion of electrochemical-localized surface plasmon resonance on nanochip for sensitive sialic acid detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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23
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Hoener BS, Kirchner SR, Heiderscheit TS, Collins SS, Chang WS, Link S, Landes CF. Plasmonic Sensing and Control of Single-Nanoparticle Electrochemistry. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Di Martino G, Turek VA, Tserkezis C, Lombardi A, Kuhn A, Baumberg JJ. Plasmonic response and SERS modulation in electrochemical applied potentials. Faraday Discuss 2017; 205:537-545. [PMID: 28879365 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the optical response of individual nm-wide plasmonic nanocavities using a nanoparticle-on-mirror design utilised as an electrode in an electrochemical cell. In this geometry Au nanoparticles are separated from a bulk Au film by an ultrathin molecular spacer, giving intense and stable Raman amplification of 100 molecules. Modulation of the plasmonic spectra and the SERS response is observed with an applied voltage under a variety of electrolytes. Different scenarios are discussed to untangle the various mechanisms that can be involved in the electronic interaction between NPs and electrode surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Martino
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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