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Lindenthal S, Fazzi D, Zorn NF, El Yumin AA, Settele S, Weidinger B, Blasco E, Zaumseil J. Understanding the Optical Properties of Doped and Undoped 9-Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons in Dispersion. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18240-18252. [PMID: 37695780 PMCID: PMC10540269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons are one-dimensional stripes of graphene with width- and edge-structure-dependent electronic properties. They can be synthesized bottom-up in solution to obtain precise ribbon geometries. Here we investigate the optical properties of solution-synthesized 9-armchair graphene nanoribbons (9-aGNRs) that are stabilized as dispersions in organic solvents and further fractionated by liquid cascade centrifugation (LCC). Absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy reveal two near-infrared absorption and emission peaks whose ratios depend on the LCC fraction. Low-temperature single-nanoribbon photoluminescence spectra suggest the presence of two different nanoribbon species. Based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations, the lowest energy transition can be assigned to pristine 9-aGNRs, while 9-aGNRs with edge-defects, caused by incomplete graphitization, result in more blue-shifted transitions and higher Raman D/G-mode ratios. Hole doping of 9-aGNR dispersions with the electron acceptor F4TCNQ leads to concentration dependent bleaching and quenching of the main absorption and emission bands and the appearance of red-shifted, charge-induced absorption features but no additional emission peaks, thus indicating the formation of polarons instead of the predicted trions (charged excitons) in doped 9-aGNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolas F. Zorn
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Settele
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Weidinger
- Institute
for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials and Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute
for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials and Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Liu Z, Fu S, Liu X, Narita A, Samorì P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Small Size, Big Impact: Recent Progress in Bottom-Up Synthesized Nanographenes for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106055. [PMID: 35218329 PMCID: PMC9259728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanostructures, including 0D graphene quantum dots and 1D graphene nanoribbons, have recently emerged as promising candidates for efficient, green optoelectronic, and energy storage applications. The versatility in their molecular structures offers a large and novel library of nanographenes with excellent and adjustable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this minireview, recent progress on the fundamental understanding of the properties of different graphene nanostructures, and their state-of-the-art applications in optoelectronics and energy storage are summarized. The properties of pristine nanographenes, including high emissivity and intriguing blinking effect in graphene quantum dots, superior charge transport properties in graphene nanoribbons, and edge-specific electrochemistry in various graphene nanostructures, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that emerging nanographene-2D material-based van der Waals heterostructures provide an exciting opportunity for efficient green optoelectronics with tunable characteristics. Finally, challenges and opportunities of the field are highlighted by offering guidelines for future combined efforts in the synthesis, assembly, spectroscopic, and electrical studies as well as (nano)fabrication to boost the progress toward advanced device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigamiOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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Bahrami M, Vasilopoulos P. Inhomogeneous linear responses and transport in armchair graphene nanoribbons in the presence of elastic scattering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:195201. [PMID: 35090140 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4fe2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Within linear-response theory we derive a response function that thoroughly accounts for the influence of elastic scattering and is valid beyond the long-wavelength limit. We use the theory to evaluate the polarization function and the conductivity in metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons in the Lindhard approximation for intra-band and inter-band transitions and for a relaxation timeτthat is not constant. We obtain a logarithmic behaviour in the scattering-independent polarization function not only for intra-band transitions, as is usually the case for one-dimensional systems, but also for inter-band transitions. Modifying the screening wave vector and the impurity density in the long-wavelength limit strongly influences the relaxation time. In contrast, for large wave vectors, this modification leads to a conservative value ofτ. We show that the imaginary part of the impurity-dependent conductivity varies with the wave vector while its scattering-independent part exists only for a single value of the wave vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Bahrami
- Bita Quantum AI Inc., 2021 Av. Atwater, Montréal, Québec, H3H 2P2, Canada
| | - Panagiotis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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Drummer MC, Singh V, Gupta N, Gesiorski JL, Weerasooriya RB, Glusac KD. Photophysics of nanographenes: from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to graphene nanoribbons. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:163-184. [PMID: 33963981 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and nanoribbons (GNRs) are classes of nanographene molecules that exhibit highly tunable photophysical properties. There have been great strides in recent years to advance our understanding of nanographene photophysics and develop their use in light-harvesting systems, such as artificial photosynthesis. Here, we review the latest studies of GQDs and GNRs which have shed new light onto their photophysical underpinnings through computational and advanced spectroscopic techniques. We discuss how the size, symmetry, and shape of nanographenes influence their molecular orbital structures and, consequentially, their spectroscopic signatures. The scope of this review is to comprehensively lay out the general photophysics of nanographenes starting with benzene and building up to larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, GQDs, and GNRs. We also explore a collection of publications from recent years that build upon the current understanding of nanographene photophysics and their potential application in light-driven processes from display, lasing, and sensing technology to photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Drummer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jonathan L Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ravindra B Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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Zhumagulov YV, Vagov A, Gulevich DR, Faria Junior PE, Perebeinos V. Trion induced photoluminescence of a doped MoS2 monolayer. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044132. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav V. Zhumagulov
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Vasili Perebeinos
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Arora A, Deilmann T, Reichenauer T, Kern J, Michaelis de Vasconcellos S, Rohlfing M, Bratschitsch R. Excited-State Trions in Monolayer WS_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:167401. [PMID: 31702327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We discover an excited bound three-particle state, the 2s trion, appearing energetically below the 2s exciton in monolayer WS_{2}, using absorption spectroscopy and ab initio GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations. The measured binding energy of the 2s trion (22 meV) is smaller compared to the 1s intravalley and intervalley trions (37 and 31 meV). With increasing temperature, the 1s and 2s trions transfer their oscillator strengths to the respective neutral excitons, establishing an optical fingerprint of trion-exciton resonance pairs. Our discovery underlines the importance of trions for the entire excitation spectrum of two-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Arora
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Deilmann
- Institute of Solid State Theory, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Till Reichenauer
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Kern
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Michael Rohlfing
- Institute of Solid State Theory, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bratschitsch
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Electrochemically Prepared Unzipped Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes-MnO2 Nanostructure Composites for Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Sensing. CHEMOSENSORS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose biosensors based on unzipped carbon nanotubes with modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) have been successfully fabricated via a facile electrochemical oxidative method. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of this new form of carbon nanomaterial as a substrate electrode material for fabricating sensitive platform for H2O2 and glucose sensors. For this purpose, the manganese oxide (MnO2)/unzipped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) film was synthesized by the cyclic voltammetry method. The developed sensing film, MnO2/unzipped SWCNTs/GCE, displayed a satisfactory analytical performance for H2O2, including a wide linear range of 2.0 × 10−6 to 5.0 × 10−3 M with a detection limit of 0.31 × 10−6 M (10.7 ppb). This film was further applied for glucose sensing with a linearity range of 0.01 to 1.2 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9822 in the physiological pH (7.4). This facile, fast, environmentally-friendly, and economical preparation strategy of carbon nanomaterial-based electrode materials opens up the possibility of developing high quality biocompatible hydrogen peroxide and glucose sensors.
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Möhl C, Graf A, Berger FJ, Lüttgens J, Zakharko Y, Lumsargis V, Gather MC, Zaumseil J. Trion-Polariton Formation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Microcavities. ACS PHOTONICS 2018; 5:2074-2080. [PMID: 29963582 PMCID: PMC6019025 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation and tuning of charged trion-polaritons in polymer-sorted (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes in a planar metal-clad microcavity at room temperature. The positively charged trion-polaritons were induced by electrochemical doping and characterized by angle-resolved reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The doping level of the nanotubes within the microcavity was controlled by the applied bias and thus enabled tuning from mainly excitonic to a mixture of exciton and trion transitions. Mode splitting of more than 70 meV around the trion energy and emission from the new lower polariton branch corroborate a transition from exciton-polaritons (neutral) to trion-polaritons (charged). The estimated charge-to-mass ratio of these trion-polaritons is 200 times higher than that of electrons or holes in carbon nanotubes, which has exciting implications for the realization of polaritonic charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Möhl
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arko Graf
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Lüttgens
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuriy Zakharko
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Lumsargis
- Department
of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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