1
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Xiang W, Cronk E, Wall J, Li L, Zhu K, Berry JJ, Lad RJ, Yu L, Yan F. Double Perovskite Interlayer Stabilized Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44988-44996. [PMID: 39160138 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology has an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 26.1% and demonstrates cost-effective manufacturing. However, the stability of these PSCs poses a significant challenge, hindering their widespread manufacturing and commercialization. To tackle the degradation issue inherent in PSCs, surface passivation techniques, particularly employing a thin layer of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, create a 2D/3D heterostructure. Beyond this, the exploration of metal halide double perovskites adds a new dimension to the chemical and band gap phase space of materials for optoelectronic applications. In this study, we leverage a wide band gap double perovskite interlayer to enhance the stability of 3D metal halide perovskite. Specifically, the double perovskite nanoparticle Cs2AgBiBr6, with its substantial band gap of 2.2 eV and exceptional air stability, is utilized. Through optimization, a Cs2AgBiBr6-treated PSC achieves an open-circuit voltage of 1.12 V and an impressive PCE of 19.52%. Additionally, the Cs2AgBiBr6 passivation layer proves to be effective in bolstering the stability of PSCs. This work demonstrates an additional strategy and design motif to simultaneously increase the PCE of PSCs along with achieving improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xiang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ethan Cronk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Jacob Wall
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lin Li
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Kai Zhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Robert J Lad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Feng Yan
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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2
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Jain P, Rajput RS, Kumar S, Sharma A, Jain A, Bora BJ, Sharma P, Kumar R, Shahid M, Rajhi AA, Alsubih M, Shah MA, Bhowmik A. Recent Advances in Graphene-Enabled Materials for Photovoltaic Applications: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12403-12425. [PMID: 38524428 PMCID: PMC10955600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Graphene's two-dimensional structural arrangement has sparked a revolutionary transformation in the domain of conductive transparent devices, presenting a unique opportunity in the renewable energy sector. This comprehensive Review critically evaluates the most recent advances in graphene production and its employment in solar cells, focusing on dye-sensitized, organic, and perovskite devices for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) designs. This comprehensive investigation discovered the following captivating results: graphene integration resulted in a notable 20.3% improvement in energy conversion rates in graphene-perovskite photovoltaic cells. In comparison, BHJ cells saw a laudable 10% boost. Notably, graphene's 2D internal architecture emerges as a protector for photovoltaic devices, guaranteeing long-term stability against various environmental challenges. It acts as a transportation facilitator and charge extractor to the electrodes in photovoltaic cells. Additionally, this Review investigates current research highlighting the role of graphene derivatives and their products in solar PV systems, illuminating the way forward. The study elaborates on the complexities, challenges, and promising prospects underlying the use of graphene, revealing its reflective implications for the future of solar photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Jain
- Deptartment
of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute
of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462033, India
| | - R. S. Rajput
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi
Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462033, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi
Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462033, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Department
of Physics and Electronics, Rani Durgavati
Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001, India
| | - Akshay Jain
- Energy
Institute Bengaluru, A Centre of Rajiv Gandhi
Institute of Petroleum Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 562157, India
| | - Bhaskor Jyoti Bora
- Energy
Institute Bengaluru, A Centre of Rajiv Gandhi
Institute of Petroleum Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 562157, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Skill and
Entrepreneurship University, Delhi 110089, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department
of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab 141006, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Galgotias College
of Engineering and Technology, 1, Knowledge Park, Phase II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Ali A. Rajhi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Civil
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department
of Economics, Kebri Dehar University, Kebri Dehar 250, Ethiopia
- Centre
of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara
University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
- Division
of Research and Development, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Abhijit Bhowmik
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, Dream Institute
of Technology, Kolkata 700104, India
- Chitkara
Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara
University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
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3
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Hautzinger MP, Raulerson EK, Harvey SP, Liu T, Duke D, Qin X, Scheidt RA, Wieliczka BM, Phillips AJ, Graham KR, Blum V, Luther JM, Beard MC, Blackburn JL. Metal Halide Perovskite Heterostructures: Blocking Anion Diffusion with Single-Layer Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2052-2057. [PMID: 36649211 PMCID: PMC9896553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of metal halide perovskite/perovskite heterostructures is hindered by rapid interfacial halide diffusion leading to mixed alloys rather than sharp interfaces. To circumvent this outcome, we developed an ion-blocking layer consisting of single-layer graphene (SLG) deposited between the metal halide perovskite layers and demonstrated that it effectively blocks anion diffusion in a CsPbBr3/SLG/CsPbI3 heterostructure. Spatially resolved elemental analysis and spectroscopic measurements demonstrate the halides do not diffuse across the interface, whereas control samples without the SLG show rapid homogenization of the halides and loss of the sharp interface. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and transient absorbance spectroscopy indicate the SLG has little electronic impact on the individual semiconductors. In the CsPbBr3/SLG/CsPbI3, we find a type I band alignment that supports transfer of photogenerated carriers across the heterointerface. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) show electroluminescence from both the CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 layers with no evidence of ion diffusion during operation. Our approach provides opportunities to design novel all-perovskite heterostructures to facilitate the control of charge and light in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily K Raulerson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Steven P Harvey
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Tuo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
| | - Daniel Duke
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Xixi Qin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Rebecca A Scheidt
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Brian M Wieliczka
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Alan J Phillips
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
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4
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Qiu L, Si G, Bao X, Liu J, Guan M, Wu Y, Qi X, Xing G, Dai Z, Bao Q, Li G. Interfacial engineering of halide perovskites and two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:212-247. [PMID: 36468561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, halide perovskites (HPs) and layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have received significant attention from industry and academia alike. HPs are emerging materials that have exciting photoelectric properties, such as a high absorption coefficient, rapid carrier mobility and high photoluminescence quantum yields, making them excellent candidates for various optoelectronic applications. 2D materials possess confined carrier mobility in 2D planes and are widely employed in nanostructures to achieve interfacial modification. HP/2D material interfaces could potentially reveal unprecedented interfacial properties, including light absorbance with desired spectral overlap, tunable carrier dynamics and modified stability, which may lead to several practical applications. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive perspective on the development of interfacial engineering of HP/2D material interfaces. Specifically, we highlight the recent progress in HP/2D material interfaces considering their architectures, electronic energetics tuning and interfacial properties, discuss the potential applications of these interfaces and analyze the challenges and future research directions of interfacial engineering of HP/2D material interfaces. This review links the fields of HPs and 2D materials through interfacial engineering to provide insights into future innovations and their great potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Center for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Xiaozhi Bao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Mengyu Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhigao Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China. .,Shenzhen Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.,Nanjing kLight Laser Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China.
| | - Guogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China. .,Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou 311305, China
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5
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Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nano-Crystals Grown in a Poly[styrene-co-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)] Matrix Immobilized on Exfoliated Graphene Nano-Sheets. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081275. [PMID: 35457979 PMCID: PMC9032388 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of graphene/perovskite heterostructures mediated by polymeric materials may constitute a robust strategy to resolve the environmental instability of metal halide perovskites and provide barrierless charge transport. Herein, a straightforward approach for the growth of perovskite nano-crystals and their electronic communication with graphene is presented. Methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) nano-crystals were grown in a poly[styrene-co-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)], P[St-co-DMAEMA], bi-functional random co-polymer matrix and non-covalently immobilized on graphene. P[St-co-DMAEMA] was selected as a bi-modal polymer capable to stabilize the perovskite nano-crystals via electrostatic interactions between the tri-alkylamine amine sites of the co-polymer and the A-site vacancies of the perovskite and simultaneously enable Van der Waals attractive interactions between the aromatic arene sites of the co-polymer and the surface of graphene. The newly synthesized CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer and graphene/CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer ensembles were formed by physical mixing of the components in organic media at room temperature. Complementary characterization by dynamic light scattering, microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the formation of uniform spherical perovskite nano-crystals immobilized on the graphene nano-sheets. Complementary photophysical characterization by UV-Vis absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy unveiled the photophysical properties of the CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer colloid perovskite solution and verified the electronic communication within the graphene/CH3NH3PbBr3/co-polymer ensembles at the ground and excited states.
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6
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Nematpour A, Grilli ML, Lancellotti L, Lisi N. Towards Perfect Absorption of Single Layer CVD Graphene in an Optical Resonant Cavity: Challenges and Experimental Achievements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:352. [PMID: 35009498 PMCID: PMC8745855 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is emerging as a promising material for the integration in the most common Si platform, capable to convey some of its unique properties to fabricate novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. For many real functions and devices however, graphene absorption is too low and must be enhanced. Among strategies, the use of an optical resonant cavity was recently proposed, and graphene absorption enhancement was demonstrated, both, by theoretical and experimental studies. This paper summarizes our recent progress in graphene absorption enhancement by means of Si/SiO2-based Fabry-Perot filters fabricated by radiofrequency sputtering. Simulations and experimental achievements carried out during more than two years of investigations are reported here, detailing the technical expedients that were necessary to increase the single layer CVD graphene absorption first to 39% and then up to 84%. Graphene absorption increased when an asymmetric Fabry-Perot filter was applied rather than a symmetric one, and a further absorption increase was obtained when graphene was embedded in a reflective rather than a transmissive Fabry-Perot filter. Moreover, the effect of the incident angle of the electromagnetic radiation and of the polarization of the light was investigated in the case of the optimized reflective Fabry-Perot filter. Experimental challenges and precautions to avoid evaporation or sputtering induced damage on the graphene layers are described as well, disclosing some experimental procedures that may help other researchers to embed graphene inside PVD grown materials with minimal alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedin Nematpour
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
| | - Maria Luisa Grilli
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
| | - Laura Lancellotti
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Nicola Lisi
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
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7
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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8
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Verduci R, Agresti A, Romano V, D’Angelo G. Interface Engineering for Perovskite Solar Cells Based on 2D-Materials: A Physics Point of View. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195843. [PMID: 34640240 PMCID: PMC8510142 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the advance of metal halide perovskites as a promising low-cost and efficient class of light harvesters used in solar cells (SCs). Remarkably, the efficiency of lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reached a power conversion efficiency of 25.5% in just ~10 years of research, rivalling the current record of 26.1% for Si-based PVs. To further boost the performances of PSCs, the use of 2D materials (such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides) has been proposed, thanks to their remarkable optoelectronic properties (that can be tuned with proper chemical composition engineering) and chemical stability. In particular, 2D materials have been demonstrated as promising candidates for (i) accelerating hot carrier transfer across the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge extraction layers; (ii) improving the crystallization of the perovskite layers (when used as additives in the precursor solution); (iii) favoring electronic bands alignment through tuning of the work function. In this mini-review, we discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the increased efficiency of 2D material-based PSCs, focusing on the three aforementioned effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Verduci
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Valentino Romano
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Giovanna D’Angelo
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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9
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Ahmed I, Shi L, Pasanen H, Vivo P, Maity P, Hatamvand M, Zhan Y. There is plenty of room at the top: generation of hot charge carriers and their applications in perovskite and other semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:174. [PMID: 34465725 PMCID: PMC8408272 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot charge carriers (HC) are photoexcited electrons and holes that exist in nonequilibrium high-energy states of photoactive materials. Prolonged cooling time and rapid extraction are the current challenges for the development of future innovative HC-based optoelectronic devices, such as HC solar cells (HCSCs), hot energy transistors (HETs), HC photocatalytic reactors, and lasing devices. Based on a thorough analysis of the basic mechanisms of HC generation, thermalization, and cooling dynamics, this review outlines the various possible strategies to delay the HC cooling as well as to speed up their extraction. Various materials with slow cooling behavior, including perovskites and other semiconductors, are thoroughly presented. In addition, the opportunities for the generation of plasmon-induced HC through surface plasmon resonance and their technological applications in hybrid nanostructures are discussed in detail. By judiciously designing the plasmonic nanostructures, the light coupling into the photoactive layer and its optical absorption can be greatly enhanced as well as the successful conversion of incident photons to HC with tunable energies can also be realized. Finally, the future outlook of HC in optoelectronics is highlighted which will provide great insight to the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Centre of Micro-Nano System, SIST, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Physics, Government Postgraduate College, (Higher Education Department-HED) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, Mansehra, Pakistan.
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannu Pasanen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paola Vivo
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Partha Maity
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hatamvand
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Centre of Micro-Nano System, SIST, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Centre of Micro-Nano System, SIST, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Mariani P, Najafi L, Bianca G, Zappia MI, Gabatel L, Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Di Carlo A, Bellani S, Bonaccorso F. Low-Temperature Graphene-Based Paste for Large-Area Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22368-22380. [PMID: 33969983 PMCID: PMC8289184 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs), using carbon-based counter electrodes (C-CEs), promise to mitigate instability issues while providing solution-processed and low-cost device configurations. In this work, we report the fabrication and characterization of efficient paintable C-PSCs obtained by depositing a low-temperature-processed graphene-based carbon paste atop prototypical mesoscopic and planar n-i-p structures. Small-area (0.09 cm2) mesoscopic C-PSCs reach a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.81% while showing an improved thermal stability under the ISOS-D-2 protocol compared to the reference devices based on Au CEs. The proposed graphene-based C-CEs are applied to large-area (1 cm2) mesoscopic devices and low-temperature-processed planar n-i-p devices, reaching PCEs of 13.85 and 14.06%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these PCE values are among the highest reported for large-area C-PSCs in the absence of back-contact metallization or additional stacked conductive components or a thermally evaporated barrier layer between the charge-transporting layer and the C-CE (strategies commonly used for the record-high efficiency C-PSCs). In addition, we report a proof-of-concept of metallized miniwafer-like area C-PSCs (substrate area = 6.76 cm2, aperture area = 4.00 cm2), reaching a PCE on active area of 13.86% and a record-high PCE on aperture area of 12.10%, proving the metallization compatibility with our C-PSCs. Monolithic wafer-like area C-PSCs can be feasible all-solution-processed configurations, more reliable than prototypical perovskite solar (mini)modules based on the serial connection of subcells, since they mitigate hysteresis-induced performance losses and hot-spot-induced irreversible material damage caused by reverse biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mariani
- CHOSE—Centre
for Hybird and Organic Solar Energy, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Leyla Najafi
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianca
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marilena Isabella Zappia
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 31/C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gabatel
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE—Centre
for Hybird and Organic Solar Energy, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- CHOSE—Centre
for Hybird and Organic Solar Energy, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE—Centre
for Hybird and Organic Solar Energy, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- ISM-CNR,
Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 3D, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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11
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Abstract
The industrial exploitation of perovskite solar cell technology is still hampered by the lack of repeatable and high-throughput fabrication processes for large-area modules. The joint efforts of the scientific community allowed to demonstrate high-performing small area solar cells; however, retaining such results over large area modules is not trivial. Indeed, the development of deposition methods over large substrates is required together with additional laser processes for the realization of the monolithically integrated cells and their interconnections. In this work, we develop an efficient perovskite solar module based on 2D material engineered structure by optimizing the laser ablation steps (namely P1, P2, P3) required for shaping the module layout in series connected sub-cells. We investigate the impact of the P2 and P3 laser processes, carried out by employing a UV pulsed laser (pulse width = 10 ns; λ = 355 nm), over the final module performance. In particular, a P2 process for removing 2D material-based cell stack from interconnection area among adjacent cells is optimized. Moreover, the impact of the P3 process used to isolate adjacent sub-cells after gold realization over the module performance once laminated in panel configuration is elucidated. The developed fabrication process ensures high-performance repeatability over a large module number by demonstrating the use of laser processing in industrial production.
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12
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Effects of Crystal Morphology on the Hot-Carrier Dynamics in Mixed-Cation Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopies have proved to be an important tool for the investigation of charge carriers dynamics in perovskite materials providing crucial information on the dynamics of the excited carriers, and fundamental in the development of new devices with tailored photovoltaic properties. Fast transient absorbance spectroscopy on mixed-cation hybrid lead halide perovskite samples was used to investigate how the dimensions and the morphology of the perovskite crystals embedded in the capping (large crystals) and mesoporous (small crystals) layers affect the hot-carrier dynamics in the first hundreds of femtoseconds as a function of the excitation energy. The comparative study between samples with perovskite deposited on substrates with and without the mesoporous layer has shown how the small crystals preserve the temperature of the carriers for a longer period after the excitation than the large crystals. This study showed how the high sensitivity of the time-resolved spectroscopies in discriminating the transient response due to the different morphology of the crystals embedded in the layers of the same sample can be applied in the general characterization of materials to be used in solar cell devices and large area modules, providing further and valuable information for the optimization and enhancement of stability and efficiency in the power conversion of new perovskite-based devices.
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13
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K Sivan A, Galán-González A, Di Mario L, Tappy N, Hernández-Ferrer J, Catone D, Turchini S, Benito AM, Maser WK, Steinvall SE, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Gallant A, Zeze DA, Atkinson D, Martelli F. Optical properties and carrier dynamics in Co-doped ZnO nanorods. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:214-222. [PMID: 36131871 PMCID: PMC9419505 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The controlled modification of the electronic properties of ZnO nanorods via transition metal doping is reported. A series of ZnO nanorods were synthesized by chemical bath growth with varying Co content from 0 to 20 atomic% in the growth solution. Optoelectronic behavior was probed using cathodoluminescence, time-resolved luminescence, transient absorbance spectroscopy, and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE). Analysis indicates the crucial role of surface defects in determining the electronic behavior. Significantly, Co-doping extends the light absorption of the nanorods into the visible region, increases the surface defects, and shortens the non-radiative lifetimes, while leaving the radiative lifetime constant. Furthermore, for 1 atomic% Co-doping the IPCE of the ZnO nanorods is enhanced. These results demonstrate that doping can controllably tune the functional electronic properties of ZnO nanorods for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi K Sivan
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi (IMM), CNR I-00133 Rome Italy
| | - Alejandro Galán-González
- Department of Engineering, Durham University South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Lorenzo Di Mario
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) Area della Ricerca di Roma 2 Tor Vergata 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Nicolas Tappy
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) Area della Ricerca di Roma 2 Tor Vergata 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Turchini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) Area della Ricerca di Roma 2 Tor Vergata 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Ana M Benito
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC) C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Wolfgang K Maser
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC) C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Simon Escobar Steinvall
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Andrew Gallant
- Department of Engineering, Durham University South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Dagou A Zeze
- Department of Engineering, Durham University South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
- ITMO University St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
| | - Del Atkinson
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Faustino Martelli
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi (IMM), CNR I-00133 Rome Italy
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14
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Zhang Y, Kirs A, Ambroz F, Lin CT, Bati ASR, Parkin IP, Shapter JG, Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ. Ambient Fabrication of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000744. [PMID: 34927807 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kirs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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15
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Quintano V, Diez-Cabanes V, Dell’Elce S, Di Mario L, Pelli Cresi S, Paladini A, Beljonne D, Liscio A, Palermo V. Measurement of the conformational switching of azobenzenes from the macro- to attomolar scale in self-assembled 2D and 3D nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11698-11708. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00740h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We compare the cis–trans conformational switching of commercial azobenzene molecules in different chemical environments, ranging from isolated molecules in liquid to attomolar-2D and macro-scale 3D self-assembled structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Quintano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF) – (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Di Mario
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit)
- Institute of Structure of Matter (ISM) – CNR
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Stefano Pelli Cresi
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit)
- Institute of Structure of Matter (ISM) – CNR
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Paladini
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit)
- Institute of Structure of Matter (ISM) – CNR
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Andrea Liscio
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM)
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF) – (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science
- Chalmers University of Technology
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16
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Xu KJ, Wang RT, Xu AF, Chen JY, Xu G. Hysteresis and Instability Predicted in Moisture Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48882-48889. [PMID: 33054159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the perovskite solar cell structure was expected recently to be reversible, which opened a new gate to the enhancement of the device lifetime by reversing the process. However, the kinetic details of the structural collapse and recovery are still missing, without which the perovskite reversibility cannot be further explored. Due to the experimental difficulty, a purposeful numerical model was conducted in this report, to simulate the water diffusion process in the perovskite structure in both directions. It was found that the moisture diffusion needs to be initiated by a certain level of structural imperfection and is non-Fickian, as assisted by the collapse of the perovskite into the 1D chains. The reversibility was verified by the back diffusion, but accompanied by hysteresis, stagnancy, and even surprising instability, which initiated the water flow under initial equilibrium, due possibly to the imbalance during the reconstruction of the perovskite lattice. These observations offer new insights to form strategies of improvement, for example, via the possible self-healing perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin J Xu
- Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Ryan T Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Alex F Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Jason Y Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Gu Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
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17
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Spin Coating Immobilisation of C-N-TiO2 Co-Doped Nano Catalyst on Glass and Application for Photocatalysis or as Electron Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Producing active thin films coated on supports resolves many issues of powder-based photo catalysis and energy harvesting. In this study, thin films of C-N-TiO2 were prepared by dynamic spin coating of C-N-TiO2 sol-gel on glass support. The effect of spin speed and sol gel precursor to solvent volume ratio on the film thickness was investigated. The C-N-TiO2-coated glass was annealed at 350 °C at a ramping rate of 10 °C/min with a holding time of 2 hours under a continuous flow of dry N2. The C-N-TiO2 films were characterised by profilometry analysis, light microscopy (LM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The outcomes of this study proved that a spin coating technique followed by an annealing process to stabilise the layer could be used for immobilisation of the photo catalyst on glass. The exposure of C-N-TiO2 films to UV radiation induced photocatalytic decolouration of orange II (O.II) dye. The prepared C-N-TiO2 films showed a reasonable power conversion efficiency average (PCE of 9%) with respect to the reference device (15%). The study offers a feasible route for the engineering of C-N-TiO2 films applicable to wastewater remediation processes and energy harvesting in solar cell technologies.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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19
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Meng X, Cai Z, Zhang Y, Hu X, Xing Z, Huang Z, Huang Z, Cui Y, Hu T, Su M, Liao X, Zhang L, Wang F, Song Y, Chen Y. Bio-inspired vertebral design for scalable and flexible perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3016. [PMID: 32541859 PMCID: PMC7295992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of unparalleled efficiency from the lab-scale devices to practical-scale flexible modules affords a huge performance loss for flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The degradation is attributed to the brittleness and discrepancy of perovskite crystal growth upon different substrates. Inspired by robust crystallization and flexible structure of vertebrae, herein, we employ a conductive and glued polymer between indium tin oxide and perovskite layers, which simultaneously facilitates oriented crystallization of perovskite and sticks the devices. With the results of experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations, this bionic interface layer accurately controls the crystallization and acts as an adhesive. The flexible PSCs achieve the power conversion efficiencies of 19.87% and 17.55% at effective areas of 1.01 cm2 and 31.20 cm2 respectively, retaining over 85% of original efficiency after 7000 narrow bending cycles with negligible angular dependence. Finally, the modules are assembled into a wearable solar-power source, enabling the upscaling of flexible electronics. Flexible perovskite solar cells suffer huge efficiency loss upon area scale-up due to brittleness of ITO and poor perovskite film quality. Here Meng et al. solve this by inserting a conductive and glued polymer layer between ITO and perovskite layers and obtain efficiency of 17% for 30 cm2 devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchuan Meng
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China.,Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China. .,Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Zhi Xing
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zengqi Huang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China.,Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China. .,Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China. .,Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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20
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Mustonen P, Mackenzie DMA, Lipsanen H. Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:91-113. [PMID: 36641556 PMCID: PMC7362318 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional material showing excellent properties for utilization in transparent electrodes; it has low sheet resistance, high optical transmission and is flexible. Whereas the most common transparent electrode material, tin-doped indium-oxide (ITO) is brittle, less transparent and expensive, which limit its compatibility in flexible electronics as well as in low-cost devices. Here we review two large-area fabrication methods for graphene based transparent electrodes for industry: liquid exfoliation and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We discuss the basic methodologies behind the technologies with an emphasis on optical and electrical properties of recent results. State-of-the-art methods for liquid exfoliation have as a figure of merit an electrical and optical conductivity ratio of 43.5, slightly over the minimum required for industry of 35, while CVD reaches as high as 419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Mustonen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland.
| | - David M A Mackenzie
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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21
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Kim EM, Javaid S, Park JH, Lee G. Edge functionalized graphene nanoribbons with tunable band edges for carrier transport interlayers in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2955-2962. [PMID: 31956876 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06430c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic based graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be good candidates as carrier extraction interlayers for organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, owing to the possibility of tuning the band edge energy levels through varying the width and the type of edge functionalization. By using the density functional theory (DFT) method, the electronic structures of H or F edge functionalized armchair type GNRs on MAPbI3(001) are calculated. It is shown that the electronic structure of H- or F-passivated GNRs is almost undisrupted by the non-covalent interaction with the PbI2 surface layer of MAPbI3(001), thereby one can tune the width and edge chemistry of GNRs to enhance the carrier extraction or blocking. Especially all H-GNRs five to ten carbon atoms wide exhibit good matching for hole extraction, while F-GNRs require a specific width for electron extraction. Exploiting the unzipping synthesis of carbon nanotubes in the solution phase, our result provides a facile strategy for efficient carrier extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Saqib Javaid
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea. and EMMG, Physics Division, PINSTECH, PO Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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22
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Pashaei B, Bellani S, Shahroosvand H, Bonaccorso F. Molecularly engineered hole-transport material for low-cost perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2429-2439. [PMID: 34084407 PMCID: PMC8157471 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphenylamine-N-phenyl-4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline (TPA-AZO) is synthesized via a facile CuI-catalyzed reaction and used as a hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as an alternative to the expensive spiro-type molecular materials, including commercial 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Experimental and computational investigations reveal that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of TPA-AZO is deeper than that of spiro-OMeTAD, and optimally matches with the conduction band of the perovskite light absorber. The use of TPA-AZO as a HTM results in PSC prototypes with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching that of the spiro-OMeTAD-based reference device (17.86% vs. 19.07%). Moreover, the use of inexpensive starting reagents for the synthesis of TPA-AZO makes the latter a new affordable HTM for PSCs. In particular, the cost of 1 g of TPA-AZO ($22.76) is significantly lower compared to that of spiro-OMeTAD ($170-475). Overall, TPA-AZO-based HTMs are promising candidates for the implementation of viable PSCs in large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pashaei
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Hashem Shahroosvand
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
- BeDimensional SpA Via Albisola 121 16163 Genova Italy
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Catone D, Di Mario L, Martelli F, O'Keeffe P, Paladini A, Stefano Pelli Cresi J, Sivan AK, Tian L, Toschi F, Turchini S. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of semiconducting and plasmonic nanostructures and their hybrids. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 32:025703. [PMID: 32937606 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the carrier dynamics in nanostructures is of fundamental importance for the development of (opto)electronic devices. This is true for semiconducting nanostructures as well as for plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). Indeed, improvement of photocatalytic efficiencies by combining semiconductor and plasmonic nanostructures is one of the reasons why their ultrafast dynamics are intensively studied. In this work, we will review our activity on ultrafast spectroscopy in nanostructures carried out in the recently established EuroFEL Support Laboratory. We have investigated the dynamical plasmonic responses of metal NPs both in solution and in 2D and 3D arrays on surfaces, with particular attention being paid to the effects of the NP shape and to the conversion of absorbed light into heat on a nano-localized scale. We will summarize the results obtained on the carrier dynamics in nanostructured perovskites with emphasis on the hot-carrier dynamics and in semiconductor nanosystems such as ZnSe and Si nanowires, with particular attention to the band-gap bleaching dynamics. Subsequently, the study of semiconductor-metal NP hybrids, such as CeO2-Ag NPs, ZnSe-Ag NPs and ZnSe-Au NPs, allows the discussion of interaction mechanisms such as charge carrier transfer and Förster interaction. Finally, we assess an alternative method for the sensitization of wide band gap semiconductors to visible light by discussing the relationship between the carrier dynamics of TiO2 NPs and V-doped TiO2 NPs and their catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Mario
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Faustino Martelli
- CNR-IMM, Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrick O'Keeffe
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paladini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Jacopo Stefano Pelli Cresi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Aswathi K Sivan
- CNR-IMM, Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lin Tian
- CNR-IMM, Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Toschi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Stefano Turchini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
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24
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Yan H, Li Y, Li X, Wang B, Li M. Hot carrier relaxation in Cs 2TiI y Br 6-y ( y = 0, 2 and 6) by a time-domain ab initio study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:958-964. [PMID: 35494478 PMCID: PMC9048232 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cs2TiI y Br6-y is a potential light absorption material for all-inorganic lead free perovskite solar cells due to its suitable and tunable bandgap, high optical absorption coefficient and high environmental stability. However, solar cells fabricated based on Cs2TiI y Br6-y do not perform well, and the reasons for their low efficiency are still unclear. Herein, hot carrier relaxation processes in Cs2TiI y Br6-y (y = 0, 2 and 6) were investigated by a time-domain density functional theory combined with the non-adiabatic molecular dynamics method. It was found that the relaxation time of the hot carriers in Cs2TiI y Br6-y ranges from 2-3 ps, which indicates that the hot carriers within 10 nm from the Cs2TiI y Br6-y /TiO2 interface can be effectively extracted before their energy is lost completely. The carrier-phonon non-adiabatic coupling (NAC) analyses demonstrate that the longer hot electron relaxation time in Cs2TiI2Br4 compared with that in Cs2TiBr6 and Cs2TiI6 originates from its weaker NAC strength. Furthermore, the electron-phonon interaction analyses indicate that the relaxation of hot electrons mainly comes from the coupling between the electrons distributed on the Ti-X bonds and the Ti-X vibrations, and that of hot holes can be attributed to the coupling between the electrons distributed on the X atoms and the distortions of [TiI y Br6-y ]2-. The simulation results indicate that Cs2TiI2Br4 should be better than Cs2TiBr6 and Cs2TiI6 to act as a light absorption layer based on the hot carrier energy loss, and the hot electron relaxation time in Cs2TiI y Br6-y can be adjusted by tuning the proportion of the I element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University Beijing China 102206
| | - Yingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University Beijing China 102206
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University Beijing China 102206
| | - Bingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University Beijing China 102206
| | - Meicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University Beijing China 102206
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Shuai M, Lin J, Wu W, Kuang H, Zhang W, Ling Q, Chen H, Komarneni S. Metallic nickel–cobalt phosphide/multilayer graphene composite for high-performance supercapacitors. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A facile and low-cost method for preparing a nickel–cobalt phosphide/multilayer graphene (MLG) (NiCoP/MLG) composite was developed in this study using a new strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Shuai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Huifang Kuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Wengong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Ecosystem Science and Management
- 204 Energy and the Environment Laboratory
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
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26
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Song T, Bi H, Wei Q, Yan S, Wang S. Study on the Movements of Organometallic Halide Perovskite Crystals on their Films. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Song
- Advanced Institute of Materials ScienceChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Huan Bi
- Advanced Institute of Materials ScienceChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wei
- Advanced Institute of Materials ScienceChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Su Yan
- Advanced Institute of Materials ScienceChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Advanced Institute of Materials ScienceChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringChangchun University of Technology Changchun, Jilin 130012 P. R. China
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27
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Casanova-Cháfer J, García-Aboal R, Atienzar P, Llobet E. Gas Sensing Properties of Perovskite Decorated Graphene at Room Temperature. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4563. [PMID: 31635202 PMCID: PMC6832145 DOI: 10.3390/s19204563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the gas sensing properties of graphene nanolayers decorated with lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) nanocrystals to detect toxic gases such as ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A chemical-sensitive semiconductor film based on graphene has been achieved, being decorated with CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite (MAPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized, and characterized by several techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reversible responses were obtained towards NO2 and NH3 at room temperature, demonstrating an enhanced sensitivity when the graphene is decorated by MAPbBr3 NCs. Furthermore, the effect of ambient moisture was extensively studied, showing that the use of perovskite NCs in gas sensors can become a promising alternative to other gas sensitive materials, due to the protective character of graphene, resulting from its high hydrophobicity. Besides, a gas sensing mechanism is proposed to understand the effects of MAPbBr3 sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío García-Aboal
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Atienzar
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eduard Llobet
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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