1
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Toprani SM, Bitounis D, Qiansheng H, Oliveira N, Ng KW, Tay CY, Nagel ZD, Demokritou P. High-Throughput Screening Platform for Nanoparticle-Mediated Alterations of DNA Repair Capacity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4728-4746. [PMID: 33710878 PMCID: PMC8111687 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential genotoxic effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may occur through the induction of DNA damage or the disruption of DNA repair processes. Inefficient DNA repair may lead to the accumulation of DNA lesions and has been linked to various diseases, including cancer. Most studies so far have focused on understanding the nanogenotoxicity of ENM-induced damages to DNA, whereas the effects on DNA repair have been widely overlooked. The recently developed fluorescence multiplex-host-cell reactivation (FM-HCR) assay allows for the direct quantification of multiple DNA repair pathways in living cells and offers a great opportunity to address this methodological gap. Herein an FM-HCR-based method is developed to screen the impact of ENMs on six major DNA repair pathways using suspended or adherent cells. The sensitivity and efficiency of this DNA repair screening method were demonstrated in case studies using primary human small airway epithelial cells and TK6 cells exposed to various model ENMs (CuO, ZnO, and Ga2O3) at subcytotoxic doses. It was shown that ENMs may inhibit nucleotide-excision repair, base-excision repair, and the repair of oxidative damage by DNA glycosylases in TK6 cells, even in the absence of significant genomic DNA damage. It is of note that the DNA repair capacity was increased by some ENMs, whereas it was suppressed by others. Overall, this method can be part of a multitier, in vitro hazard assessment of ENMs as a functional, high-throughput platform that provides insights into the interplay of the properties of ENMs, the DNA repair efficiency, and the genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh M Toprani
- John B Little Center of Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huang Qiansheng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Nathalia Oliveira
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institution, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- John B Little Center of Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Taheri-Ledari R, Zhang W, Radmanesh M, Mirmohammadi SS, Maleki A, Cathcart N, Kitaev V. Multi-Stimuli Nanocomposite Therapeutic: Docetaxel Targeted Delivery and Synergies in Treatment of Human Breast Cancer Tumor. SMALL 2020; 16:e2002733. [PMID: 32945130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A versatile breast cancer-targeting nanocomposite therapeutic combining docetaxel (DXL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) network for controlled release, and silica-protected magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 NPs) for targeted delivery and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) is presented in this work. First, the designed nanocomposite is magnetically directed for cancer-targeted therapy confirmed by computerized tomography (CT) scans. Second, 10% DXL by mass is loaded into PVA, a pH and temperature responsive gel, for controlled release. Third, PPTT is confirmed with Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL using a prototype circulation system and then for tumor treatment in vivo; Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL is conveniently directed and the entrapped DXL is selectively released (≈96%) via the interaction of green and near-infrared (NIR) light with the localized surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs. A 75% cell death is reported from in vitro studies with DXL doses as low as 20 µg mL-1 of Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL, and a 70% tumor growth inhibition is demonstrated by in vivo experiments with the biosafety studies confirming minimal side effects to other organs. Overall, the developed Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL has a strong potential to simultaneously enhance CT imaging contrast together with the targeted delivery of DXL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Taheri-Ledari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Maral Radmanesh
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Shadi Mirmohammadi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Nicole Cathcart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Vladimir Kitaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
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3
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Cheetham M, Griffiths J, Nijs BD, Heath GR, Evans SD, Baumberg JJ, Chikkaraddy R. Out-of-Plane Nanoscale Reorganization of Lipid Molecules and Nanoparticles Revealed by Plasmonic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2875-2882. [PMID: 32191487 PMCID: PMC7168604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers assembled on solid substrates have been extensively studied with single-molecule resolution as the constituent molecules diffuse in 2D; however, the out-of-plane motion is typically ignored. Here we present the subnanometer out-of-plane diffusion of nanoparticles attached to hybrid lipid bilayers (HBLs) assembled on metal surfaces. The nanoscale cavity formed between the Au nanoparticle and Au film provides strongly enhanced optical fields capable of locally probing HBLs assembled in the gaps. This allows us to spectroscopically resolve the nanoparticles assembled on bilayers, near edges, and in membrane defects, showing the strong influence of charged lipid rafts. Nanoparticles sitting on the edges of the HBL are observed to flip onto and off of the bilayer, with flip energies of ∼10 meV showing how thermal energies dynamically modify lipid arrangements around a nanoparticle. We further resolve the movement of individual lipid molecules by doping the HBL with low concentrations of Texas Red (TxR) dye-labeled lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
R. Cheetham
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Griffiths
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Heath
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D. Evans
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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4
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O’Connor BB, Grevesse T, Zimmerman JF, Ardoña HAM, Jimenez JA, Bitounis D, Demokritou P, Parker KK. Human brain microvascular endothelial cell pairs model tissue-level blood-brain barrier function. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:64-79. [PMID: 32195539 PMCID: PMC7155416 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier plays a critical role in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain while preventing the transport of neurotoxins. Predicting the ability of potential therapeutics and neurotoxicants to modulate brain barrier function remains a challenge due to limited spatial resolution and geometric constraints offered by existing in vitro models. Using soft lithography to control the shape of microvascular tissues, we predicted blood-brain barrier permeability states based on structural changes in human brain endothelial cells. We quantified morphological differences in nuclear, junction, and cytoskeletal proteins that influence, or indicate, barrier permeability. We established a correlation between brain endothelial cell pair structure and permeability by treating cell pairs and tissues with known cytoskeleton-modulating agents, including a Rho activator, a Rho inhibitor, and a cyclic adenosine monophosphate analog. Using this approach, we found that high-permeability cell pairs showed nuclear elongation, loss of junction proteins, and increased actin stress fiber formation, which were indicative of increased contractility. We measured traction forces generated by high- and low-permeability pairs, finding that higher stress at the intercellular junction contributes to barrier leakiness. We further tested the applicability of this platform to predict modulations in brain endothelial permeability by exposing cell pairs to engineered nanomaterials, including gold, silver-silica, and cerium oxide nanoparticles, thereby uncovering new insights into the mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated barrier disruption. Overall, we confirm the utility of this platform to assess the multiscale impact of pharmacological agents or environmental toxicants on blood-brain barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blakely B O’Connor
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas Grevesse
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - John F Zimmerman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jorge A Jimenez
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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5
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Areecheewakul S, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Givens BE, Steines BR, Wang Y, Meyerholz DK, Parizek NJ, Altmaier R, Haque E, O’Shaughnessy PT, Salem AK, Thorne PS. Toxicity assessment of metal oxide nanomaterials using in vitro screening and murine acute inhalation studies. NANOIMPACT 2020; 18:100214. [PMID: 32968700 PMCID: PMC7504913 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterizations and in vitro toxicity screening were performed on metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) independently comprising ZnO, CuO, CeO2, Fe2O3, WO3, V2O5, TiO2, Al2O3 and MgO. Nanomaterials that exhibited the highest toxicity responses in the in vitro screening assays (ZnO, CuO, and V2O5) and the lesser explored material WO3 were tested for acute pulmonary toxicity in vivo. Female and male mice (C57Bl/6J) were exposed to aerosolized metal oxide ENMs in a nose-only exposure system and toxicity outcomes (biomarkers of cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, inflammation, and lung histopathology) at 4 and 24 h after the start of exposure were assessed. The studies were performed as part of the NIEHS Nanomaterials Health Implications Research consortium with the purpose of investigating the effects of ENMs on various biological systems. ENMs were supplied by the Engineered Nanomaterials Resource and Coordination Core. Among the ENMs studied, the highest toxicity was observed for CuO and ZnO NPs in both in vitro and in vivo acute models. Compared to sham-exposed controls, there was a significant increase in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils and proinflammatory cytokines and a loss of macrophage viability at both 4 h and 24 h for ZnO and CuO but not seen for V2O5 or WO3. These effects were observed in both female and male mice. The cell viability performed after in vitro exposure to ENMs and assessment of lung inflammation after acute inhalation exposure in vivo were shown to be sensitive endpoints to predict ENM acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudartip Areecheewakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Brittany E. Givens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Steines
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Yifang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | | | - Nathanial J. Parizek
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Ralph Altmaier
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Ezazul Haque
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Patrick T. O’Shaughnessy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Peter S. Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Correspondence to: P.S. Thorne, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., S341A CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. (A.K. Salem), (P.S. Thorne)
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6
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Wang Y, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Steines BR, Jing X, Salem AK, Thorne PS. Comparison of in vitro toxicity of aerosolized engineered nanomaterials using air-liquid interface mono-culture and co-culture models. NANOIMPACT 2020; 18:100215. [PMID: 32885098 PMCID: PMC7462419 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Airborne engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can readily enter the human body through inhalation potentially leading to adverse health effects such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Our group has previously utilized and validated an integrated low flow system capable of generating and depositing airborne ENMs directly onto cells at an air-liquid interface (ALI). To further improve this ALI method for an even closer representation of the in vivo system, a co-culture model containing epithelial, endothelial and macrophage cell lines (A549, EA.hy 926, and THP-1 differentiated macrophages) was established and validated for testing ENMs toxicity. In the co-culture model, cells were exposed to citrate-capped gold (Au), 15% silver on silica (Ag-SiO2) and copper oxide (CuO) ENMs under the same protocol (4 h ALI exposure with a target concentration of 3.5 mg/m3) and compared to responses with A549 cells only or THP-1 differentiated cells only. The toxicological profile was assessed by measuring cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and interleukin (IL)-8 concentration. Results showed that 15% Ag-SiO2 induced more oxidative stress-related toxicity in the co-culture than in A549 cells alone. Both 15% Ag-SiO2 and CuO exposure produced significantly higher levels of IL-8 in the co-culture compared with A549 cells alone. Citrate-capped Au was largely inert. Further exposures of CuO on macrophages alone provided evidence of cell-cell interaction in the co-culture model. In addition, the co-culture model exhibited a similar response to primary human bronchial epithelial cells in terms of ROS and IL-8 responses after CuO exposure, suggesting a more advanced refinement of the conventional model for in vitro inhalation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Wang
- Human Toxicology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin R. Steines
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xuefang Jing
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Peter S. Thorne
- Human Toxicology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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7
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Pan R, Hu K, Jia R, Rotenberg SA, Jiang D, Mirkin MV. Resistive-Pulse Sensing Inside Single Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5778-5784. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Susan A. Rotenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
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8
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Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Thomas DG, Weber TJ, Hess BM, Weitz KK, Piehowski PD, Petyuk VA, Moore RJ, Qian WJ, Thrall BD. A proteome-wide assessment of the oxidative stress paradigm for metal and metal-oxide nanomaterials in human macrophages. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:100194. [PMID: 32133426 PMCID: PMC7055704 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2019.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Responsible implementation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into commercial applications is an important societal issue, driving demand for new approaches for rapid and comprehensive evaluation of their bioactivity and safety. An essential part of any research focused on identifying potential hazards of ENMs is the appropriate selection of biological endpoints to evaluate. Herein, we use a tiered strategy employing both targeted biological assays and untargeted quantitative proteomics to elucidate the biological responses of human THP-1 derived macrophages across a library of metal/metal oxide ENMs, raised as priority ENMs for investigation by NIEHS's Nanomaterial Health Implications Research (NHIR) program. Our results show that quantitative cellular proteome profiles readily distinguish ENM types based on their cytotoxic potential according to induction of biological processes and pathways involved in the cellular antioxidant response, TCA cycle, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune responses as major processes impacted. Interestingly, bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins also revealed new biological processes that were influenced by all ENMs independent of their cytotoxic potential. These included biological processes that were previously implicated as mechanisms cells employ as adaptive responses to low levels of oxidative stress, including cell adhesion, protein translation and protein targeting. Unsupervised clustering revealed the most striking proteome changes that differentiated ENM classes highlight a small subset of proteins involved in the oxidative stress response (HMOX1), protein chaperone functions (HS71B, DNJB1), and autophagy (SQSTM), providing a potential new panel of markers of ENM-induced cellular stress. To our knowledge, the results represent the most comprehensive profiling of the biological responses to a library of ENMs conducted using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The results provide a basis to identify the patterns of a diverse set of cellular pathways and biological processes impacted by ENM exposure in an important immune cell type, laying the foundation for multivariate, pathway-level structure activity assessments of ENMs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Dennis G Thomas
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Thomas J Weber
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Becky M Hess
- Signatures Sciences and Technology Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
| | - Brian D Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352
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9
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Duan Y, Coreas R, Liu Y, Bitounis D, Zhang Z, Parviz D, Strano M, Demokritou P, Zhong W. Prediction of protein corona on nanomaterials by machine learning using novel descriptors. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100207. [PMID: 32104746 PMCID: PMC7043407 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective in silico methods to predict protein corona compositions on engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) could help elucidate the biological outcomes of ENMs in biosystems without the need for conducting lengthy experiments for corona characterization. However, the physicochemical properties of ENMs, used as the descriptors in current modeling methods, are insufficient to represent the complex interactions between ENMs and proteins. Herein, we utilized the fluorescence change (FC) from fluorescamine labeling on a protein, with or without the presence of the ENM, as a novel descriptor of the ENM to build machine learning models for corona formation. FCs were significantly correlated with the abundance of the corresponding proteins in the corona on diverse classes of ENMs, including metal and metal oxides, nanocellulose, and 2D ENMs. Prediction models established by the random forest algorithm using FCs as the ENM descriptors showed better performance than the conventional descriptors, such as ENM size and surface charge, in the prediction of corona formation. Moreover, they were able to predict protein corona formation on ENMs with very heterogeneous properties. We believe this novel descriptor can improve in silico studies of corona formation, leading to a better understanding on the protein adsorption behaviors of diverse ENMs in different biological matrices. Such information is essential for gaining a comprehensive view of how ENMs interact with biological systems in ENM safety and sustainability assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Roxana Coreas
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
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10
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Mortensen NP, Caffaro MM, Patel PR, Uddin MJ, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Investigation of Twenty Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles' Impact on Differentiated Caco-2 Monolayer Integrity. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:100212. [PMID: 32864507 PMCID: PMC7451203 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in foods and consumer products is rising, increasing the potential for unintentional ingestion. While the cytotoxicity of many ENMs has been investigated, less attention has been given to adverse impact on the intestinal barrier integrity. Chronical disruption of gastrointestinal integrity can have far reaching health implications. Using fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the perturbation of intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity were investigated for 20 metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs. Caco-2 cells were exposed to 50 μg/mL ENMs for 24 hours. ENM formulations were characterized at 0 and 24 hours, and In Vitro Sedimentation, Diffusion and Dosimetry Modeling was applied to calculate the effective dose of exposure during 24 hours. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was determined for fluorescent labeled dextran (3,000 Da) and tight junction integrity was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxicity was investigated by determining lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) and cell metabolic activity (tetrazolium based MTS) assays. Four ENMs led to significantly increased Papp, (15.8% w/w% Ag-SiO2 nanoparticle (NP), 60 nm CdS NP, 100 nm V2O5 flakes, and 50 nm ZnO NP), while one ENM (20 nm MgO NP) decreased Papp. With the exception of CdS NP, significantly increased Papp was not connected with cell cytotoxicity. The calculated effective dose concentration was not correlated with increased Papp. Our results illustrate that while many metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs do not adversely affect monolayer integrity or induce cytotoxicity in differentiated Caco-2 cells, a subset of ENMs may compromise the intestinal integrity. This study demonstrated the use of differentiated Caco-2 monolayer and Papp as an endpoint to identify and prioritize ENMs that should be investigated further. The interaction between ENMs and the intestinal epithelium needs to be evaluated to understand potential intestinal barrier dysfunction and resulting health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P. Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Corresponding author: Ninell P. Mortensen, Ph. D., Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA,
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Purvi R. Patel
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Touloumes GJ, Ardoña HAM, Casalino EK, Zimmerman JF, Chantre CO, Bitounis D, Demokritou P, Parker KK. Mapping 2D- and 3D-distributions of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles within cleared human ex vivo skin tissues. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:100208. [PMID: 33251378 PMCID: PMC7687853 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of commercial skincare products are being manufactured with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), prompting a need to fully understand how ENMs interact with the dermal barrier as a major biodistribution entry route. Although animal studies show that certain nanomaterials can cross the skin barrier, physiological differences between human and animal skin, such as the lack of sweat glands, limit the translational validity of these results. Current optical microscopy methods have limited capabilities to visualize ENMs within human skin tissues due to the high amount of background light scattering caused by the dense, ubiquitous extracellular matrix (ECM) of the skin. Here, we hypothesized that organic solvent-based tissue clearing ("immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs", or "iDISCO") would reduce background light scattering from the extracellular matrix of the skin to sufficiently improve imaging contrast for both 2D mapping of unlabeled metal oxide ENMs and 3D mapping of fluorescent nanoparticles. We successfully mapped the 2D distribution of label-free TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in cleared skin sections using correlated signals from darkfield, brightfield, and confocal microscopy, as well as micro-spectroscopy. Specifically, hyperspectral microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the identity of label-free ENMs which we mapped within human skin sections. We also measured the 3D distribution of fluorescently labeled Ag nanoparticles in cleared skin biopsies with wounded epidermal layers using light sheet fluorescence microscopy. Overall, this study explores a novel strategy for quantitatively mapping ENM distributions in cleared ex vivo human skin tissue models using multiple imaging modalities. By improving the imaging contrast, we present label-free 2D ENM tracking and 3D ENM mapping as promising capabilities for nanotoxicology investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Touloumes
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Evan K. Casalino
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - John F. Zimmerman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Christophe O. Chantre
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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Eweje F, Ardoña HAM, Zimmerman JF, O'Connor BB, Ahn S, Grevesse T, Rivera KN, Bitounis D, Demokritou P, Parker KK. Quantifying the effects of engineered nanomaterials on endothelial cell architecture and vascular barrier integrity using a cell pair model. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17878-17893. [PMID: 31553035 PMCID: PMC6779057 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04981a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly used in consumer products due to their unique physicochemical properties, but the specific hazards they pose to the structural and functional integrity of endothelial barriers remain elusive. When assessing the effects of ENMs on vascular barrier function, endothelial cell monolayers are commonly used as in vitro models. Monolayer models, however, do not offer a granular understanding of how the structure-function relationships between endothelial cells and tissues are disrupted due to ENM exposure. To address this issue, we developed a micropatterned endothelial cell pair model to quantitatively evaluate the effects of 10 ENMs (8 metal/metal oxides and 2 organic ENMs) on multiple cellular parameters and determine how these parameters correlate to changes in vascular barrier function. This minimalistic approach showed concerted changes in endothelial cell morphology, intercellular junction formation, and cytoskeletal organization due to ENM exposure, which were then quantified and compared to unexposed pairs using a "similarity scoring" method. Using the cell pair model, this study revealed dose-dependent changes in actin organization and adherens junction formation following exposure to representative ENMs (Ag, TiO2 and cellulose nanocrystals), which exhibited trends that correlate with changes in tissue permeability measured using an endothelial monolayer assay. Together, these results demonstrate that we can quantitatively evaluate changes in endothelial architecture emergent from nucleo-cytoskeletal network remodeling using micropatterned cell pairs. The endothelial pair model therefore presents potential applicability as a standardized assay for systematically screening ENMs and other test agents for their cellular-level structural effects on vascular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo Eweje
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Khan IM, Niazi S, Iqbal Khan MK, Pasha I, Mohsin A, Haider J, Iqbal MW, Rehman A, Yue L, Wang Z. Recent advances and perspectives of aggregation-induced emission as an emerging platform for detection and bioimaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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