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Zhang W, Wang B, Jin S, Zhou J, Gong Z, Zhao C. Colossal Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer Mediated by Coupled Polaritons with an Ultrahigh Dynamic Range. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405885. [PMID: 39082203 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) can exceed the blackbody limit by several orders of magnitude owing to the tunneling evanescent waves. Exploiting this near-field enhancement holds significant potential for emerging technologies. It has been suggested that coupled polaritons can give rise to orders of magnitude enhancement of NFRHT. However, a thorough experimental verification of this phenomenon is still missing. Here this work experimentally shows that NFRHT mediated by coupled polaritons in millimeter-size graphene/SiC/SiO2 composite devices in planar plate configuration can realize about 302.8 ± 35.2-fold enhancement with respect to the blackbody limit at a gap distance of 87 ± 0.8 nm. The radiative thermal conductance and effective gap heat transfer coefficient can reach unprecedented values of 0.136 WK-1 and 5440 Wm-2K-1. Additionally, a scattering-type scanning near-field optical measurement, in conjunction with full-wave numerical simulations, provides further evidence for the coupled polaritonic characteristics of the devices. Notably, this work experimentally demonstrates dynamic regulation of NFRHT can be achieved by modulating the bias voltage, leading to an ultrahigh dynamic range of ≈4.115. This work ambiguously elucidates the important role of coupled polaritons in NFRHT, paving the way for the manipulation of nanoscale heat transport, energy conversion, and thermal computing via the strong coupling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Boxiang Wang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- 2020 X-Lab, State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shenghao Jin
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Changying Zhao
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Vázquez-Lozano JE, Liberal I. Review on the Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs in Thermal Emission Engineering. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2024; 2:898-927. [PMID: 38962569 PMCID: PMC11217951 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The emission of thermal radiation is a physical process of fundamental and technological interest. From different approaches, thermal radiation can be regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, as a fundamental quantum phenomenon of photon production, or as the propagation of electromagnetic waves. However, unlike light emanating from conventional photonic sources, such as lasers or antennas, thermal radiation is characterized for being broadband, omnidirectional, and unpolarized. Due to these features, ultimately tied to its inherently incoherent nature, taming thermal radiation constitutes a challenging issue. Latest advances in the field of nanophotonics have led to a whole set of artificial platforms, ranging from spatially structured materials and, much more recently, to time-modulated media, offering promising avenues for enhancing the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves, from far- to near-field regimes. Given the ongoing parallelism between the fields of nanophotonics and thermal emission, these recent developments have been harnessed to deal with radiative thermal processes, thereby forming the current basis of thermal emission engineering. In this review, we survey some of the main breakthroughs carried out in this burgeoning research field, from fundamental aspects to theoretical limits, the emergence of effects and phenomena, practical applications, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Enrique Vázquez-Lozano
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Liberal
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Wu H, Liu X, Zhu K, Huang Y. Fano Resonance in Near-Field Thermal Radiation of Two-Dimensional Van der Waals Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1425. [PMID: 37111010 PMCID: PMC10146062 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their vertically stacked heterostructures have attracted much attention due to their novel optical properties and strong light-matter interactions in the infrared. Here, we present a theoretical study of the near-field thermal radiation of 2D vdW heterostructures vertically stacked of graphene and monolayer polar material (2D hBN as an example). An asymmetric Fano line shape is observed in its near-field thermal radiation spectrum, which is attributed to the interference between the narrowband discrete state (the phonon polaritons in 2D hBN) and a broadband continuum state (the plasmons in graphene), as verified by the coupled oscillator model. In addition, we show that 2D van der Waals heterostructures can achieve nearly the same high radiative heat flux as graphene but with markedly different spectral distributions, especially at high chemical potentials. By tuning the chemical potential of graphene, we can actively control the radiative heat flux of 2D van der Waals heterostructures and manipulate the radiative spectrum, such as the transition from Fano resonance to electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT). Our results reveal the rich physics and demonstrate the potential of 2D vdW heterostructures for applications in nanoscale thermal management and energy conversion.
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Biehs SA, Agarwal GS. Breakdown of Detailed Balance for Thermal Radiation by Synthetic Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:110401. [PMID: 37001076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent times the possibility of nonreciprocity in heat transfer between two bodies has been extensively studied. In particular the role of strong magnetic fields has been investigated. A much simpler approach with considerable flexibility would be to consider heat transfer in synthetic electric and magnetic fields that are easily applied. We demonstrate the breakdown of detailed balance for the heat transfer function T(ω), i.e., the spectrum of heat transfer between two objects due to the presence of synthetic electric and magnetic fields. The spectral measurements carry much more physical information and are the reason for the quantum theory of radiation. We demonstrate explicitly the synthetic field induced nonreciprocity in the heat transfer transmission function between two graphene flakes and for the Casimir coupling between two objects. Unlike many other cases of heat transfer, the latter case has interesting features of the strong coupling. Further the presence of synthetic fields affects the mean occupation numbers of two membranes and we propose this system for the experimental verification of the breakdown of detailed balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-A Biehs
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany and Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - G S Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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Shi K, Chen Z, Xing Y, Yang J, Xu X, Evans JS, He S. Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer Modulation with an Ultrahigh Dynamic Range through Mode Mismatching. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7753-7760. [PMID: 36162118 PMCID: PMC9562469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Modulating near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) with a high dynamic range is challenging in nanoscale thermal science and engineering. Modulation depths [(maximum value - minimum value)/(maximum value + minimum value) × 100%] of ≈2% to ≈15.7% have been reported with matched modes, but breaking the constraint of mode matching theoretically allows for higher modulation depth. We demonstrate a modulation depth of ≈32.2% by a pair of graphene-covered SU8 heterostructures at a gap distance of ≈80 nm. Dissimilar Fermi levels tuned by bias voltages enable mismatched surface plasmon polaritons which improves the modulation. The modulation depth when switching from a matched mode to a mismatched mode is ≈4.4-fold compared to that when switching between matched modes. This work shows the importance of symmetry in polariton-mediated NFRHT and represents the largest modulation depth to date in a two-body system with fixed gap distance and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhang Shi
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of
Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuxin Xing
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of
Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinan Xu
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Julian S. Evans
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre
for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research
Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department
of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden
- Email.
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Yang B, Li C, Wang Z, Dai Q. Thermoplasmonics in Solar Energy Conversion: Materials, Nanostructured Designs, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107351. [PMID: 35271744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The indispensable requirement for sustainable development of human society has forced almost all countries to seek highly efficient and cost-effective ways to harvest and convert solar energy. Though continuous progress has advanced, it remains a daunting challenge to achieve full-spectrum solar absorption and maximize the conversion efficiency of sunlight. Recently, thermoplasmonics has emerged as a promising solution, which involves several beneficial effects including enhanced light absorption and scattering, generation and relaxation of hot carriers, as well as localized/collective heating, offering tremendous opportunities for optimized energy conversion. Besides, all these functionalities can be tailored via elaborated designs of materials and nanostructures. Here, first the fundamental physics governing thermoplasmonics is presented and then the strategies for both material selection and nanostructured designs toward more efficient energy conversion are summarized. Based on this, recent progress in thermoplasmonic applications including solar evaporation, photothermal chemistry, and thermophotovoltaic is reviewed. Finally, the corresponding challenges and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic System, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Shi K, Chen Z, Xu X, Evans J, He S. Optimized Colossal Near-Field Thermal Radiation Enabled by Manipulating Coupled Plasmon Polariton Geometry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2106097. [PMID: 34632648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Collective optoelectronic phenomena such as plasmons and phonon polaritons can drive processes in many branches of nanoscale science. Classical physics predicts that a perfect thermal emitter operates at the black body limit. Numerous experiments have shown that surface phonon polaritons allow emission two orders of magnitude above the limit at a gap distance of ≈50 nm. This work shows that a supported multilayer graphene structure improves the state of the art by around one order of magnitude with a ≈1129-fold-enhancement at a gap distance of ≈55 nm. Coupled surface plasmon polaritons at mid- and far-infrared frequencies allow for near-unity photon tunneling across a broad swath of k-space enabling the improved result. Electric tuning of the Fermi-level allows for the detailed characterization and optimization of the colossal nanoscale heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhang Shi
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, ZJU-SCNU Joint Center of Photonics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinan Xu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Julian Evans
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-100 44, Sweden
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8
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Latella I, Biehs SA, Ben-Abdallah P. Smart thermal management with near-field thermal radiation [invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24816-24833. [PMID: 34614829 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When two objects at different temperatures are separated by a vacuum gap they can exchange heat by radiation only. At large separation distances (far-field regime), the amount of transferred heat flux is limited by Stefan-Boltzmann's law (blackbody limit). In contrast, at subwavelength distances (near-field regime), this limit can be exceeded by orders of magnitude thanks to the contributions of evanescent waves. This article reviews the recent progress on the passive and active control of near-field radiative heat exchange in two- and many-body systems.
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Lucchesi C, Vaillon R, Chapuis PO. Radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale: experimental trends and challenges. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:201-208. [PMID: 33533775 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy transport theories are being revisited at the nanoscale, as macroscopic laws known for a century are broken at dimensions smaller than those associated with energy carriers. For thermal radiation, where the typical dimension is provided by Wien's wavelength, Planck's law and associated concepts describing surface-to-surface radiative transfer have to be replaced by a full electromagnetic framework capturing near-field radiative heat transfer (photon tunnelling between close bodies), interference effects and sub-wavelength thermal emission (emitting body of small size). It is only during the last decade that nanotechnology has allowed for many experimental verifications - with a recent boom - of the large increase of radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale. In this minireview, we highlight the parameter space that has been investigated until now, showing that it is limited in terms of inter-body distance, temperature and object size, and provide clues about possible thermal-energy harvesting, sensing and management applications. We also provide an outlook on open topics, underlining some difficulties in applying single-wavelength approaches to broadband thermal emitters while acknowledging the promise of thermal nanophotonics and observing that molecular/chemical viewpoints have been hardly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lucchesi
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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Pan Z, Yang L, Tao Y, Zhu Y, Xu YQ, Mao Z, Li D. Net negative contributions of free electrons to the thermal conductivity of NbSe 3 nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21131-21138. [PMID: 32959836 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03484c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding transport mechanisms of electrons and phonons, two major energy carriers in solids, are crucial for various engineering applications. It is widely believed that more free electrons in a material should correspond to a higher thermal conductivity; however, free electrons also scatter phonons to lower the lattice thermal conductivity. The net contribution of free electrons has been rarely studied because the effects of electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions on lattice thermal conductivity have not been well investigated. Here an experimental study of e-ph scattering in quasi-one-dimensional NbSe3 nanowires is reported, taking advantage of the spontaneous free carrier concentration change during charge density wave (CDW) phase transition. Contrary to the common wisdom that more free electrons would lead to a higher thermal conductivity, results show that during the depinning process of the condensed electrons, while the released electrons enhance the electronic thermal conductivity, the overall thermal conductivity decreases due to the escalated e-ph scattering. This study discloses how competing effects of free electrons result in unexpected trends and provides solid experimental data to dissect the contribution of e-ph scattering on lattice thermal conductivity. Lastly, an active thermal switch design is demonstrated based on tuning electron concentration through electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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