1
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Garcia JC, Wilson EA, Aggarwal D, Rajashekhar H, Vrushabendrakumar D, Shankar K. Analyte-dependent Rabi splitting in solid-state plexcitonic sensors based on plasmonic nanoislands strongly coupled to J-aggregates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:48LT02. [PMID: 39089288 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad6a1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge in the field of plexcitonic quantum devices is the fabrication of solid-state, device-friendly plexcitonic nanostructures using inexpensive and scalable techniques. Lithography-free, bottom-up nanofabrication methods have remained relatively unexplored within the context of plexcitonic coupling. In this work, a plexcitonic system consisting of thermally dewetted plasmonic gold nanoislands (AuNI) coated with a thin film of J-aggregates was investigated. Control over nanoisland size and morphology allowed for a range of plasmon resonances with variable detuning from the exciton. The extinction spectra of the hybrid AuNI/J-aggregate films display clear splitting into upper and lower hybrid resonances, while the dispersion curve shows anti-crossing behavior with an estimated Rabi splitting of 180 eV at zero detuning. As a proof of concept for quantum sensing, the AuNI/J-aggregate hybrid was demonstrated to behave as a plexcitonic sensor for hydrochloric acid vapor analyte. This work highlights the possibility of using thermally dewetted nanoparticles as a platform for high-quality, tunable, cost-effective, and scalable plexcitonic nanostructures for sensing devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Carlo Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ethan Alex Wilson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Dipesh Aggarwal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Harshitha Rajashekhar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Damini Vrushabendrakumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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2
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Lai Y, Clarke DDA, Grimm P, Devi A, Wigger D, Helbig T, Hofmann T, Thomale R, Huang JS, Hecht B, Hess O. Room-temperature quantum nanoplasmonic coherent perfect absorption. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6324. [PMID: 39060227 PMCID: PMC11282272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-matter superposition states obtained via strong coupling play a decisive role in quantum information processing, but the deleterious effects of material dissipation and environment-induced decoherence inevitably destroy coherent light-matter polaritons over time. Here, we propose the use of coherent perfect absorption under near-field driving to prepare and protect the polaritonic states of a single quantum emitter interacting with a plasmonic nanocavity at room temperature. Our scheme of quantum nanoplasmonic coherent perfect absorption leverages an inherent frequency specificity to selectively initialize the coupled system in a chosen plasmon-emitter dressed state, while the coherent, unidirectional and non-perturbing near-field energy transfer from a proximal plasmonic waveguide can in principle render the dressed state robust against dynamic dissipation under ambient conditions. Our study establishes a previously unexplored paradigm for quantum state preparation and coherence preservation in plasmonic cavity quantum electrodynamics, offering compelling prospects for elevating quantum nanophotonic technologies to ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lai
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel D A Clarke
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philipp Grimm
- Nano-Optics & Biophotonics Group, Department of Experimental Physics 5, and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Research, Physics Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asha Devi
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel Wigger
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tobias Helbig
- Theoretische Physik I, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hofmann
- Theoretische Physik I, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ronny Thomale
- Theoretische Physik I, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4,, Jena, Germany
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, Nankang, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bert Hecht
- Nano-Optics & Biophotonics Group, Department of Experimental Physics 5, and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Research, Physics Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ortwin Hess
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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3
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He C, Liang K, Deng X, Liang X, Zhang J, Yu L. Triple Plexcitonic Nonreciprocity of Magnetochiral Plexcitons. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39011986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal quantum devices, allowing different transmission efficiencies of light-matter polaritons along opposite directions, are key technologies for modern photonics, yet their miniaturization and fine manipulation remain an open challenge. Here, we report on magnetochiral plexcitons dressed with geometric-time double asymmetry in compact nonreciprocal hybrid metamaterials, leading to triple plexcitonic nonreciprocity with flexible controllability. A general magnetically dressed plexcitonic Born-Kuhn model is developed to reveal the hybrid optical nature and dynamic energy evolution of magnetochiral plexcitons, demonstrating a plexcitonic nonreciprocal mechanism originating from the strong coupling among photon, electron, and spin degrees of freedom. Moreover, we introduce the temperature-controlled knob/switch for magnetochiral plexcitons, achieving precise magnetochiral control and nonreciprocal transmission in a given system. We expect this mechanism and approach to open up a new route for the integration and fine control of on-chip nonreciprocal quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmao He
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xuyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiongyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jiasen Zhang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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4
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Piotrowski P, Buza M, Nowaczyński R, Kongsuwan N, Surma HB, Osewski P, Gajc M, Strzep A, Ryba-Romanowski W, Hess O, Pawlak DA. Ultrafast photoluminescence and multiscale light amplification in nanoplasmonic cavity glass. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3309. [PMID: 38632272 PMCID: PMC11024168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between plasmons and exciton nanoemitters in plexcitonic systems lead to fast and intense luminescence, desirable in optoelectonic devices, ultrafast optical switches and quantum information science. While luminescence enhancement through exciton-plasmon coupling has thus far been mostly demonstrated in micro- and nanoscale structures, analogous demonstrations in bulk materials have been largely neglected. Here we present a bulk nanocomposite glass doped with cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and silver nanoparticles, nAg, which act as exciton and plasmon sources, respectively. This glass exhibits ultranarrow, FWHM = 13 nm, and ultrafast, 90 ps, amplified photoluminescence (PL), λem≅503 nm, at room temperature under continuous-wave excitation, λexc = 405 nm. Numerical simulations confirm that the observed improvement in emission is a result of a multiscale light enhancement owing to the ensemble of QD-populated plasmonic nanocavities in the material. Power-dependent measurements indicate that >100 mW coherent light amplification occurs. These types of bulk plasmon-exciton composites could be designed comprising a plethora of components/functionalities, including emitters (QDs, rare earth and transition metal ions) and nanoplasmonic elements (Ag/Au/TCO, spherical/anisotropic/miscellaneous), to achieve targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piotrowski
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Buza
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Nowaczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nuttawut Kongsuwan
- Quantum Technology Foundation (Thailand), 98 Soi Ari, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hańcza B Surma
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Osewski
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gajc
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Strzep
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research PAS, Okolna 2, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ortwin Hess
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Dorota A Pawlak
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, Poland.
- (Formerly at) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, Poland.
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5
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Zheng P, Semancik S, Barman I. Quantum Plexcitonic Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9529-9537. [PMID: 37819891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
While fundamental to quantum sensing, quantum state control has been traditionally limited to extreme conditions. This restricts the impact of the practical implementation of quantum sensing on a broad range of physical measurements. Plexcitons, however, provide a promising path under ambient conditions toward quantum state control and thus quantum sensing, owing to their origin from strong plasmon-exciton coupling. Herein, we harness plexcitons to demonstrate quantum plexcitonic sensing by strongly coupling excitonic particles to a plasmonic hyperbolic metasurface. As compared to classical sensing in the weak-coupling regime, our model of quantum plexcitonic sensing performs at a level that is ∼40 times more sensitive. Noise-modulated sensitivity studies reinforce the quantum advantage over classical sensing, featuring better sensitivity, smaller sensitivity uncertainty, and higher resilience against optical noise. The successful demonstration of quantum plexcitonic sensing opens the door for a variety of physical, chemical, and biological measurements by leveraging strongly coupled plasmon-exciton systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Steve Semancik
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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6
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Deng X, Li J, Jin L, Wang Y, Liang K, Yu L. Plexcitonic optical chirality in the chiral plasmonic structure-microcavity-exciton strong coupling system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32082-32092. [PMID: 37859018 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plexcitonic systems exhibit a novel chiroptical phenomenon, which can provide a new route to design chiroptical devices. Reported works focused on the two-mode strong coupling between chiral molecules and nanoparticles, while multiple-mode coupling can provide richer modulation. In this paper, we proposed a three-mode coupling system consisting of a chiral Au helices array, a Fabry-Pérot cavity, and monolayer WSe2, which can provide an extra chiral channel, a more widely tunable region, and more tunable methods compared to two-mode coupled systems. The optical response of this hybrid system was investigated based on the finite element method. Mode splitting observed in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum demonstrated that the chiroptical response successfully shifted from the resonant position of the chiral structure to three plexcitons through strong coupling, which provided a new route for chiral transfer. Furthermore, we used the coupled oscillator model to obtain the energy and Hopfield coefficients of the plexciton branches to explain the chiroptical phenomenon of the hybrid system. Moreover, the tunability of the hybrid system can be achieved by tuning the temperature and period of the helices array. Our work provides a feasible strategy for chiral sensing and modulation devices.
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7
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Zhao Y, Chakraborty P, Passian A, Thundat T. Ultrasensitive Photothermal Spectroscopy: Harnessing the Seebeck Effect for Attogram-Level Detection. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7883-7889. [PMID: 37579260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-level spectroscopy is crucial for sensing and imaging applications, yet detecting and quantifying minuscule quantities of chemicals remain a challenge, especially when they surface adsorb in low numbers. Here, we introduce a photothermal spectroscopic technique that enables the high selectivity sensing of adsorbates with an attogram detection limit. Our approach utilizes the Seebeck effect in a microfabricated nanoscale thermocouple junction, incorporated into the apex of a microcantilever. We observe minimal thermal mass exhibited by the sensor, which maintains exceptional thermal insulation. The temperature variation driving the thermoelectric junction arises from the nonradiative decay of molecular adsorbates' vibrational states on the tip. We demonstrate the detection of photothermal spectra of physisorbed trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) molecules, as well as representative polymers, with an estimated mass of 10-18 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoli Zhao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Patatri Chakraborty
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ali Passian
- Quantum Computing and Sensing Group, Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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8
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Lawless J, McCormack O, Pepper J, McEvoy N, Bradley AL. Spectral Tuning of a Nanoparticle-on-Mirror System by Graphene Doping and Gap Control with Nitric Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38901-38909. [PMID: 37534572 PMCID: PMC10436242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-on-mirror systems are a stable, robust, and reproducible method of squeezing light into sub-nanometer volumes. Graphene is a particularly interesting material to use as a spacer in such systems as it is the thinnest possible 2D material and can be doped both chemically and electrically to modulate the plasmonic modes. We investigate a simple nanoparticle-on-mirror system, consisting of a Au nanosphere on top of an Au mirror, separated by a monolayer of graphene. With this system, we demonstrate, with both experiments and numerical simulations, how the doping of the graphene and the control of the gap size can be controlled to tune the plasmonic response of the coupled nanosphere using nitric acid. The coupling of the Au nanosphere and Au thin film reveals multipolar modes which can be tuned by adjusting the gap size or doping an intermediate graphene monolayer. At high doping levels, the interaction between the charge-transfer plasmon and gap plasmon leads to splitting of the plasmon energies. The study provides evidence for the unification of theories proposed by previous works investigating similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lawless
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Oisín McCormack
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joshua Pepper
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College
Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall McEvoy
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College
Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. Louise Bradley
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Babicheva VE. Optical Processes behind Plasmonic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1270. [PMID: 37049363 PMCID: PMC10097005 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a revolutionary concept in nanophotonics that combines the properties of both photonics and electronics by confining light energy to a nanometer-scale oscillating field of free electrons, known as a surface plasmon. Generation, processing, routing, and amplification of optical signals at the nanoscale hold promise for optical communications, biophotonics, sensing, chemistry, and medical applications. Surface plasmons manifest themselves as confined oscillations, allowing for optical nanoantennas, ultra-compact optical detectors, state-of-the-art sensors, data storage, and energy harvesting designs. Surface plasmons facilitate both resonant characteristics of nanostructures and guiding and controlling light at the nanoscale. Plasmonics and metamaterials enable the advancement of many photonic designs with unparalleled capabilities, including subwavelength waveguides, optical nanoresonators, super- and hyper-lenses, and light concentrators. Alternative plasmonic materials have been developed to be incorporated in the nanostructures for low losses and controlled optical characteristics along with semiconductor-process compatibility. This review describes optical processes behind a range of plasmonic applications. It pays special attention to the topics of field enhancement and collective effects in nanostructures. The advances in these research topics are expected to transform the domain of nanoscale photonics, optical metamaterials, and their various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia E Babicheva
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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10
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Jurkšaitis P, Bužavaitė-Vertelienė E, Balevičius Z. Strong Coupling between Surface Plasmon Resonance and Exciton of Labeled Protein-Dye Complex for Immunosensing Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032029. [PMID: 36768353 PMCID: PMC9917209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present an analysis of the optical response of strong coupling between SPR and labeled proteins. We demonstrate a sensing methodology that allows to evaluate the protein mass adsorbed to the gold's surface from the Rabi gap, which is a direct consequence of the strong light-matter interaction between surface plasmon polariton and dye exciton of labeled protein. The total internal reflection ellipsometry optical configuration was used for simulation of the optical response for adsorption of HSA-Alexa633 dye-labeled protein to a thin gold layer onto the glass prism. It was shown that Rabi oscillations had parabolic dependence on the number of labeled proteins attached to the sensor surface; however, for photonic-plasmonic systems in real experimental conditions, the range of the Rabi energy is rather narrow, thus it can be linearly approximated. This approach based on the strong coupling effect paves the alternative way for detection and monitoring of the interaction of the proteins on the transducer surface through the change of coupling strengths between plasmonic resonance and the protein-dye complex.
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11
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Xiong X, Clarke D, Lai Y, Bai P, Png CE, Wu L, Hess O. Substrate engineering of plasmonic nanocavity antenna modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2345-2358. [PMID: 36785250 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocavities have emerged as a promising platform for next-generation spectroscopy, sensing and photonic quantum information processing technologies, benefiting from a unique confluence of nanoscale compactness and integrability, ultrafast functionality and room-temperature viability. Harnessing their unprecedented optical field confinement and enhancement properties for such diverse application domains, however, demands continued innovation in cavity design and robust strategies for engineering their plasmonic mode characteristics, with the aim of optimizing spatial and spectral matching conditions for strong light-matter interaction involving embedded quantum emitters. Adopting the canonical gold bowtie nanoantenna, we show that the complex refractive index, n + ik, of the substrate material provides additional design flexibility in tailoring the properties of plasmonic nanocavity modes, including their resonance wavelengths, hotspot locations, intracavity field polarization and radiative decay rates. In particular, we predict that highly refractive (n ≥ 4) or highly absorptive (k ≥ 4) substrates provide two complementary approaches to engineering nanocavity modes that are especially desirable for coupling two-dimensional quantum materials, featuring namely an elevated hotspot with a dominantly in-plane polarized near-field, as well as a strongly radiative character. Our study elucidates the benefits and intricacies of a largely unexplored facet of nanocavity mode manipulation, beyond the widely practiced synthetic control over the cavity topology or physical dimensions, and paves the way for plasmonic cavity quantum electrodynamics with two-dimensional excitonic matter.
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12
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Simone G. Trends of Biosensing: Plasmonics through Miniaturization and Quantum Sensing. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 36601882 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2161813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite being extremely old concepts, plasmonics and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors have been increasingly popular in the recent two decades due to the growing interest in nanooptics and are now of relevant significance in regards to applications associated with human health. Plasmonics integration into point-of-care devices for health surveillance has enabled significant levels of sensitivity and limit of detection to be achieved and has encouraged the expansion of the fields of study and market niches devoted to the creation of quick and incredibly sensitive label-free detection. The trend reflects in wearable plasmonic sensor development as well as point-of-care applications for widespread applications, demonstrating the potential impact of the new generation of plasmonic biosensors on human well-being through the concepts of personalized medicine and global health. In this context, the aim here is to discuss the potential, limitations, and opportunities for improvement that have arisen as a result of the integration of plasmonics into microsystems and lab-on-chip over the past five years. Recent applications of plasmonic biosensors in microsystems and sensor performance are analyzed. The final analysis focuses on the integration of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip with quantum plasmonics technology prospecting it as a promising solution for chemical and biological sensing. Here it is underlined how the research in the field of quantum plasmonic sensing for biological applications has flourished over the past decade with the aim to overcome the limits given by quantum fluctuations and noise. The significant advances in nanophotonics, plasmonics and microsystems used to create increasingly effective biosensors would continue to benefit this field if harnessed properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Simone
- Chemical Engineering, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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13
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Kokin E, An HJ, Koo D, Han S, Whang K, Kang T, Choi I, Lee LP. Quantum Electrodynamic Behavior of Chlorophyll in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9861-9868. [PMID: 36484527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocavities have been used as a novel platform for studying strong light-matter coupling, opening access to quantum chemistry, material science, and enhanced sensing. However, the biomolecular study of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) is lacking. Here, we report the quantum electrodynamic behavior of chlorophyll-a in a plasmonic nanocavity. We construct an extreme plasmonic nanocavity using Au nanocages with various linker molecules and Au mirrors to obtain a strong coupling regime. Plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET)-based hyperspectral imaging is applied to study the electrodynamic behaviors of chlorophyll-a in the nanocavity. Furthermore, we observe the energy level splitting of chlorophyll-a, similar to the cavity QED effects due to the light-matter interactions in the cavity. Our study will provide insight for further studies in quantum biological electron or energy transfer, electrodynamics, the electron transport chain of mitochondria, and energy harvesting, sensing, and conversion in both biological and biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Kokin
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji An
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Donghoon Koo
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Han
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Keumrai Whang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Korea
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Zhou WJ, You JB, Xiong X, Lu YW, Ang LK, Liu JF, Wu L. Cavity spectral-hole-burning to boost coherence in plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:475001. [PMID: 35981513 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8aa3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant decoherence of the plasmon-emitter (i.e., plexcitonic) strong coupling systems hinders the progress towards their applications in quantum technology due to the unavoidable lossy nature of the plasmons. Inspired by the concept of spectral-hole-burning (SHB) for frequency-selective bleaching of the emitter ensemble, we propose 'cavity SHB' by introducing cavity modes with moderate quality factors to the plexcitonic system to boost its coherence. We show that the detuning of the introduced cavity mode with respect to the original plexcitonic system, which defines the location of the cavity SHB, is the most critical parameter. Simultaneously introducing two cavity modes of opposite detunings, the excited-state population of the emitter can be enhanced by 4.5 orders of magnitude within 300 fs, and the attenuation of the emitter's population can be slowed down by about 56 times. This theoretical proposal provides a new approach of cavity engineering to enhance the plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems' coherence, which is important for realistic hybrid-cavity design for applications in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhou
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jia-Bin You
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jing-Feng Liu
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
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15
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Emerging biosensors to detect aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food Chem 2022; 398:133848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Self-assembled multiprotein nanostructures with enhanced stability and signal amplification capability for sensitive fluorogenic immunoassays. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114132. [PMID: 35245869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fundamentally improving the sensing sensitivity of immunoassay remains a huge challenge, which limited further critical applications. Herein we designed a new immunoprobe by integrating biometric unit (antibody) and signal amplification element (enzyme) to form urease-antibody-CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflower (UAhNF) via the biomineralization process. The dual-functional UAhNF enhances the stability of urease in NaCl (10 mmol L-1) and high temperature (60 °C), and also maintains the ability of antibody recognition, fitting greatly well with the need for immunosensor. Using imidacloprid as a model target, the fixed coating antigens are competed with imidacloprid to capture primary antibodies, and the secondary antibody of UAhNF was linked to construct the competitive-type fluorogenic immunoassays. An in-situ etching process of copper nanoparticles initiated by urease is integrated with UAhNF-based immune response for further improving the detection sensitivity. The proposed immunosensor possessed a 50% inhibition concentration value of 0.72 ng mL-1, which is 30-fold lower than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This presented approach provided a versatile sensing tool by varying building blocks, making it practically functional for a variety of bioassay applications.
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17
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Imaeda K, Hasegawa S, Imura K. Observation of the plasmon mode transition from triangular to hexagonal nanoplates. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imaeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Seiju Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Imura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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18
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Lee J, Jeon DJ, Yeo JS. Quantum Plasmonics: Energy Transport Through Plasmonic Gap. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006606. [PMID: 33891781 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At the interfaces of metal and dielectric materials, strong light-matter interactions excite surface plasmons; this allows electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement on the sub-wavelength scale. Such phenomena have attracted considerable interest in the field of exotic material-based nanophotonic research, with potential applications including nonlinear spectroscopies, information processing, single-molecule sensing, organic-molecule devices, and plasmon chemistry. These innovative plasmonics-based technologies can meet the ever-increasing demands for speed and capacity in nanoscale devices, offering ultrasensitive detection capabilities and low-power operations. Size scaling from the nanometer to sub-nanometer ranges is consistently researched; as a result, the quantum behavior of localized surface plasmons, as well as those of matter, nonlocality, and quantum electron tunneling is investigated using an innovative nanofabrication and chemical functionalization approach, thereby opening a new era of quantum plasmonics. This new field enables the ultimate miniaturization of photonic components and provides extreme limits on light-matter interactions, permitting energy transport across the extremely small plasmonic gap. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of quantum plasmonic resonators with particular focus on novel materials is presented. By exploring the novel gap materials in quantum regime, the potential quantum technology applications are also searched for and mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jeon
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zheng P, Raj P, Mizutani T, Szabo M, Hanson WA, Barman I. Plexcitonic Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102596. [PMID: 34411423 PMCID: PMC8487958 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing light-matter interactions is fundamental to the advancement of nanophotonics and optoelectronics. Yet, light diffraction on dielectric platforms and energy loss on plasmonic metallic systems present an undesirable trade-off between coherent energy exchange and incoherent energy damping. Through judicious structural design, both light confinement and energy loss issues could be potentially and simultaneously addressed by creating bound states in the continuum (BICs) where light is ideally decoupled from the radiative continuum. Herein, the authors present a general framework based on the two-coupled resonances to first conceptualize and then numerically demonstrate a type of quasi-BICs that can be achieved through the interference between two bare resonance modes and is characterized by the considerably narrowed spectral line shape even on lossy metallic nanostructures. The ubiquity of the proposed framework further allows the paradigm to be extended for the realization of plexcitonic quasi-BICs on the same metallic systems. Owing to the topological nature, both plasmonic and plexcitonic quasi-BICs display strong mode robustness against parameters variation, thereby providing an attractive platform to unlock the potential of the coupled plasmon-exciton systems for manipulation of the photophysical properties of condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- To whom the correspondence should be addressed. ;
| | - Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Takayuki Mizutani
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - Miklos Szabo
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - William A. Hanson
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- To whom the correspondence should be addressed. ;
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20
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Chan WP, Chen JH, Chou WL, Chen WY, Liu HY, Hu HC, Jeng CC, Li JR, Chen C, Chen SY. Efficient DNA-Driven Nanocavities for Approaching Quasi-Deterministic Strong Coupling to a Few Fluorophores. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13085-13093. [PMID: 34313105 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between light and matter is the foundation of promising quantum photonic devices such as deterministic single photon sources, single atom lasers, and photonic quantum gates, which consist of an atom and a photonic cavity. Unlike atom-based systems, a strong coupling unit based on an emitter-plasmonic nanocavity system has the potential to bring these devices to the microchip scale at ambient conditions. However, efficiently and precisely positioning a single or a few emitters into a plasmonic nanocavity is challenging. In addition, placing a strong coupling unit on a designated substrate location is a demanding task. Here, fluorophore-modified DNA strands are utilized to drive the formation of particle-on-film plasmonic nanocavities and simultaneously integrate the fluorophores into the high field region of the nanocavities. High cavity yield and fluorophore coupling yield are demonstrated. This method is then combined with e-beam lithography to position the strong coupling units on designated locations of a substrate. Furthermore, polariton energy under the detuning of fluorophore embedded nanocavities can fit into a model consisting of three sets of two-level systems, implying vibronic modes may be involved in the strong coupling. Our system makes strong coupling units more practical on the microchip scale and at ambient conditions and provides a stable platform for investigating fluorophore-plasmonic nanocavity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Chan
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Jyun-Hong Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Wei-Lun Chou
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Wen-Yuan Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Hsiao-Ching Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Chien-Chung Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227
| | - Jie-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Chi Chen
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Shiuan-Yeh Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
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21
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Surface Plasmonic Sensors: Sensing Mechanism and Recent Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165262. [PMID: 34450704 PMCID: PMC8401600 DOI: 10.3390/s21165262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmonic sensors have been widely used in biology, chemistry, and environment monitoring. These sensors exhibit extraordinary sensitivity based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, and they have found commercial applications. In this review, we present recent progress in the field of surface plasmonic sensors, mainly in the configurations of planar metastructures and optical-fiber waveguides. In the metastructure platform, the optical sensors based on LSPR, hyperbolic dispersion, Fano resonance, and two-dimensional (2D) materials integration are introduced. The optical-fiber sensors integrated with LSPR/SPR structures and 2D materials are summarized. We also introduce the recent advances in quantum plasmonic sensing beyond the classical shot noise limit. The challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
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22
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Abstract
The extraordinary sensitivity of plasmonic sensors is well-known in the optics and photonics community. These sensors exploit simultaneously the enhancement and the localization of electromagnetic fields close to the interface between a metal and a dielectric. This enables, for example, the design of integrated biochemical sensors at scales far below the diffraction limit. Despite their practical realization and successful commercialization, the sensitivity and associated precision of plasmonic sensors are starting to reach their fundamental classical limit given by quantum fluctuations of light-known as the shot-noise limit. To improve the sensing performance of these sensors beyond the classical limit, quantum resources are increasingly being employed. This area of research has become known as "quantum plasmonic sensing", and it has experienced substantial activity in recent years for applications in chemical and biological sensing. This review aims to cover both plasmonic and quantum techniques for sensing, and it shows how they have been merged to enhance the performance of plasmonic sensors beyond traditional methods. We discuss the general framework developed for quantum plasmonic sensing in recent years, covering the basic theory behind the advancements made, and describe the important works that made these advancements. We also describe several key works in detail, highlighting their motivation, the working principles behind them, and their future impact. The intention of the review is to set a foundation for a burgeoning field of research that is currently being explored out of intellectual curiosity and for a wide range of practical applications in biochemistry, medicine, and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyoup Lee
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Quantum Universe Center, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Lawrie
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Raphael Pooser
- Quantum Information Science Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kwang-Geol Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021Karlsruhe, Germany.,Max Planck School of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Tame
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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Zheng P, Kang J, Paria D, Kang JU, Barman I. Molecular Radiative Energy Shifts under Strong Oscillating Fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007244. [PMID: 33354911 PMCID: PMC8099018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent manipulation of light-matter interactions is pivotal to the advancement of nanophotonics. Conventionally, the non-resonant optical Stark effect is harnessed for band engineering by intense laser pumping. However, this method is hindered by the transient Stark shifts and the high-energy laser pumping which, by itself, is precluded as a nanoscale optical source due to light diffraction. As an analog of photons in a laser, surface plasmons are uniquely positioned to coherently interact with matter through near-field coupling, thereby, providing a potential source of electric fields. Herein, the first demonstration of plasmonic Stark effect is reported and attributed to a newly uncovered energy-bending mechanism. As a complementary approach to the optical Stark effect, it is envisioned that the plasmonic Stark effect will advance fundamental understanding of coherent light-matter interactions and will also provide new opportunities for advanced optoelectronic tools, such as ultrafast all-optical switches and biological nanoprobes at lower light power levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jeeun Kang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21231, United States
| | - Debadrita Paria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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24
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Eftekhari Z, Ghobadi A, Ozbay E. Lithography-free disordered metal-insulator-metal nanoantennas for colorimetric sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6719-6722. [PMID: 33325878 DOI: 10.1364/ol.410213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The colorimetric detection of bio-agent targets has attracted considerable attention in nanosensor designs. This platform provides an easy to use, real-time, and rapid sensing approach, as the color change can be easily distinguished by the naked eye. In this Letter, we propose a large scale compatible fabrication route to realize colorimetric optical nanosensors with a novel configuration. For this purpose, we design and fabricate a tightly packed disordered arrangement of Fabry-Perot based metal-insulator-metal nanoantennas with a resonance frequency at visible light wavelengths. In this design, the adsorbed bio-agent changes the effective refractive index of the cavity, and this causes a shift in the resonance wavelength. The experimental data show that the proposed design can have sensitivity values >70nm/refractive index unit. Unlike other optical sensing schemes that rely mainly on hot spot formation and field enhancement, this design has a large active area with relatively uniform patterns that make it a promising approach for low-level and reliable bio-detection.
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25
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Devaraj V, Lee JM, Adhikari S, Kim M, Lee D, Oh JW. A single bottom facet outperforms random multifacets in a nanoparticle-on-metallic-mirror system. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22452-22461. [PMID: 33079124 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient nanoparticle-on-metallic-mirror (NPOM) systems with a large gap size exhibiting good plasmonic enhancement are desirable for numerous practical applications. Careful, explicit design optimization strategies are required for preparing NPOMs and it is especially important in utilizing spherical nanoparticles. In this work, a new design blueprint for evaluating the role of random facets in spherical nanoparticles was investigated in detail to realize optimal NPOMs. We found that a precise single facet positioned at the nanoparticle's cavity outperformed multiple random facets due to the gap mode contribution. Differences and changes in the plasmonic modes were interpreted with the help of three-dimensional surface charge density mappings. A high-performance, single, bottom-faceted NPOM device with a large gap size (example 20 nm) was realized having 80-50% facet design, resulting in excellent gap mode enhancement. We succeeded in fabricating single bottom-faceted NPOMs (the non-facet region had a smooth spherical surface) with a large-scale unidirectionality (2 cm × 1.5 cm). Simulations and experimental characterizations of these components displayed excellent agreement. Our highly efficient NPOM design with a large gap size(s) enables interesting practical applications in the field of quantum emitters, energy devices, fuel generation and plasmon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthan Devaraj
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
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