[Analysis of 15 cases of trench foot in peacetime]

Trench foot was first seen in World War Ⅰ and was one of the reasons for non combat attrition. We reviewed and analyzed 15 cases of trench foot admitted from 2010 to 2021, summarized clinical treatment methods and experiences, analyzed the causes, population characteristics, treatment methods, and treatment experiences of trench foot during peacetime, strengthened attention to high-risk groups, and improved the success rate of clinical treatment.

Preventative strategies for low anterior resection syndrome

BACKGROUND

A common and debilitating complication of low anterior resection for rectal cancer is low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). As a multifactorial entity, LARS is poorly understood and challenging to treat. Despite this, prevention strategies are commonly overlooked. Our aim was to review the pathophysiology of LARS and explore current evidence on the efficacy and feasibility of prophylactic techniques.

METHODS

A literature review was performed between [1st January 2000 to 1st October 2023] for studies which investigated preventative interventions for LARS. Mechanisms by which LARS develop are described, followed by a review of prophylactic strategies to prevent LARS. Medline, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched, 189 articles screened, 8 duplicates removed and 18 studies reviewed.

RESULTS

Colonic dysmotility, anal sphincter dysfunction and neorectal dysfunction all contribute to the development of LARS, with the complex mechanism of defecation interrupted by surgery. Transanal irrigation (TAI) and pelvic floor rehabilitation (PFR) have shown benefits in preventing LARS, but may be limited by patient compliance. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) and robotic-assisted surgery have shown some promise in surgically preventing LARS. Nerve stimulation and other novel strategies currently used in treatment of LARS have yet to be investigated in their roles prophylactically.

CONCLUSIONS

To date, there is a limited evidence base for all preventative strategies including IONM, RAS, PFP and TAI. These strategies are limited by either access (IONM, RAS and PFP) or acceptability (PFP and TAI), which are both key to the success of any intervention. The results of ongoing trials will serve to assess acceptability, while technological advancement may improve access to some of the aforementioned strategies.

[CT perfusion combined with energy spectrum imaging to evaluate the short-term efficacy of bronchial arterial chemoembolization for lung cancer]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of dynamic volumetric CT perfusion combined with energy spectrum imaging in bronchial arterial chemoembolization (BACE) in patients with lung cancer. Methods: The data of 31 patients with lung cancer confirmed by pathology and treated with BACE in Lishui Central Hospital from January 2018 to February 2022 were retrospectively collected, including 23 men and 8 women, aged 31-84 (67) years. All patients received perfusion scans of lesion sites within 1 week before surgery and 1 month after surgery. We collected and compared the changes in preoperative and postoperative perfusion parameters such as blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean through time (MTT), permeability surface (PS) and energy spectrum parameters including arterial phase CT value (CTA), venous phase CT value (CTV), arterial phase iodine concentration (ICA), venous phase of iodine concentration (ICV), arterial standardization iodine concentration (NICA), and intravenous standardized iodine concentration (NICV) to confirm the significance of these parameters in evaluating the short-term efficacy of BACE in the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and normally distributed measurement data are expressed here as mean ± standard deviation; the independent-samples t-test was used for comparisons between two groups. The measurement data that were not normally distributed are expressed as median (interquartile interval) [M (Q₁, Q₃)], and the comparison between the two groups used the Kruskal-Wallis test. Count data are expressed as cases (%), and comparisons between groups used the χ² test. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) at 1 month after BACE were 54.8% (17/31) and 96.8% (30/31), respectively. CT perfusion parameters and energy spectrum parameters of patients before and after BACE treatment were compared. The results showed that BF, BV, MTT, ICA, ICV and NICV were significantly decreased after BACE treatment compared with before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant[58.06 (40.47,87.22) vs.23.57(10.92, 36.24) ml·min^-1·100g^-1,3.33(2.86,6.09) vs.2.12(1.96,3.61)ml/100g,2.70(2.19,3.88) vs.1.53 (1.12,2.25)s, 3.51 (3.11,4.14)vs.1.74 (1.26,2.50)mg/ml,2.00 (1.30,2.45) vs.1.32(0.92,1.76)mg/ml,0.51(0.42,0.57) vs.0.33(0.23,0.39)](all P<0.05). At the same time, compared with the non-remission group, the study results showed that the difference of parameters in remission group before and after BACE was more obvious, including ΔBF, ΔBV, ΔMTT, ΔPS, ΔCTA, ΔCTV, ΔICA, ΔICV, ΔNICA, ΔNICV were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant [36.82(32.38, 45.34) vs.9.50(-1.43, 12.34) ml·min^-1·100g^-1,4.46(2.52, 5.79) vs.0.22(-0.76, 4.09) ml/100g,4.22(2.25, 6.77) vs.0.43(-2.53, 1.88) s,10.07 (2.89, 13.13) vs.-2.01(-6.77, 4.28) ml·min^-1·100g^-1,14.22(11.88, 20.57) vs.4.18(-5.25, 6.37) HU, 34.6(14.88, 43.15) vs.11.60(0.26, 25.05) HU,0.95(0.54, 1.47) vs.0.11(0.20, 0.59) mg/ml,1.57(1.10, 2.38) vs. 0.26(-0.21, 0.63) mg/ml,0.05(0.03, 0.08) vs.-0.02(-0.04, 0.01),0.18(0.13, 0.21)vs. 0.11(-0.06, 0.16)](all P<0.05). Conclusions: CT perfusion combined with spectral imaging could effectively evaluate the changes in tumor vascular perfusion in patients with advanced lung cancer before and after BACE treatment, which has important value in judging the short-term efficacy after treatment.

[A real-world study on the efficacy and safety analysis of paclitaxel liposome in advanced breast cancer]

Objective: To explore the application and efficacy of paclitaxel liposome in the treatment of advanced breast cancer among Chinese population in the real world. Methods: The clinical characteristics of patients with advanced breast cancer who received paclitaxel liposome as salvage treatment from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2019 in 11 hospitals were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was progression free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcome included objective response rate (ORR) and safety. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox regression model were used for the multivariate analysis. Results: Among 647 patients with advanced breast cancer who received paclitaxel liposome, the first-line treatment accounted for 43.3% (280/647), the second-line treatment accounted for 27.7% (179/647), and the third-line and above treatment accounted for 29.1% (188/647). The median dose of first-line and second-line treatment was 260 mg per cycle, and 240 mg in third line and above treatment. The median period of paclitaxel liposome alone and combined chemotherapy or targeted therapy is 4 cycles and 6 cycles, respectively. In the whole group, 167 patients (25.8%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with capecitabine±trastuzumab (TX±H), 123 patients (19.0%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome alone (T), and 119 patients (18.4%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with platinum ± trastuzumab (TP±H), 108 patients (16.7%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with trastuzumab ± pertuzumab (TH±P). The median PFS of first-line and second-line patients (5.5 and 5.5 months, respectively) were longer than that of patients treated with third line and above (4.9 months, P<0.05); The ORR of the first line, second line, third line and above patients were 46.7%, 36.8% and 28.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that event-free survival (EFS) and the number of treatment lines were independent prognostic factors for PFS. The common adverse events were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reactions, hand foot syndrome and abnormal liver function. Conclusion: Paclitaxel liposomes is widely used and has promising efficacy in multi-subtype advanced breast cancer.

[Accuracy of the China-PAR and WHO risk models in predicting the ten-year risks of cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population]

Objective: To externally validate and compare the accuracy of the China-PAR (Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) model and the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) cardiovascular disease risk charts for East Asian in predicting a 10-year cardiovascular disease in a general Chinese population. Methods: Participants aged 40-79 years without prior cardiovascular disease at baseline in the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY) were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the observed cardiovascular events (including non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and non-fatal or fatal stroke) rate within ten years. The expected risks were calculated using the WHO risk charts for East Asia (including the laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based models) and the China-PAR model. The expected-observed ratios were calculated to evaluate the overestimation or underestimation of the models in the cohort. Model accuracy was assessed by discrimination C-index, calibration χ² value, and calibration plots. Results: During a median of 7.26 years of follow-up, 13 301 cardiovascular events were identified among 225 811 participants. The C-index for the China-PAR model, WHO laboratory-based model and WHO non-laboratory-based model were 0.741 (0.735-0.747), 0.747 (0.740-0.753), and 0.739 (0.733-0.746) for men, and 0.782 (0.776-0.788), 0.789 (0.783-0.795), and 0.782 (0.776-0.787) for women, respectively. The WHO laboratory-based model and non-laboratory-based model underestimated the 10-year ASCVD risk by around 15% in women and underestimated by 0.8% and 4.4% in men, respectively. The China-PAR model underestimated the risks by 19.5% and 42.3% for men and women. Conclusions: The China-PAR and WHO models all have pretty good discriminations for 10-year cardiovascular risk assessment in this general Chinese population. However, the accuracy should be improved in the highest-risk groups, suggesting further specific models are still needed for those with the highest risk, such as patients with diabetes or older persons.

[Construction of prediction model combined dual-energy CT quantitative parameters and conventional CT features for assessing the Ki-67 expression levels in invasive breast cancer]

Objective: To develop a model combined with dual-energy CT quantitative parameters and conventional CT features for evaluating the expression level of Ki-67 in invasive breast cancer. Methods: A total of 191 patients with histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer in Lishui Central Hospital from March 2019 to December 2020, were retrospectively enrolled, all of them were females, aged from 25 to 77 (53.2±11.3) years. All patients underwent preoperative non-contrast chest and contrast-enhanced Dual energy CT scans, and the normalized iodine concentration (NIC) of lesions on arterial and venous phase, spectral curve slope (λ_HU), and normalized effective atomic number (nZ_eff) were measured and calculated, and their conventional CT characteristics were assessed. According to the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC), the patients were divided into Ki-67 high expression group (n=129 patients) and low expression group (n=62 patients) level. The differences in clinical data, conventional CT characteristics and dual-energy CT quantitative parameters between the two groups were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve was conducted to assess the efficacy of each individual model and joint model in evaluating Ki-67 expression levels, and the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated, respectively. Results: In the analysis of CT features, the longest diameter, shape and enhancement pattern of the tumor were significantly difference between the two groups (all P<0.05). The NIC, nZ_eff on the arterial phase and NIC, nZ_eff and λ_HU [M(Q₁,Q₃)] on the venous phase were higher in the high Ki-67 expression group compared to the low expression group [0.13 (0.12, 0.16) vs 0.11 (0.08, 0.14), 0.71 (0.70, 0.75) vs 0.70 (0.67, 0.72), 0.40 (0.32, 0.48) vs 0.23 (0.17, 0.32), 3.10 (2.58, 3.63) vs 2.86 (2.19, 3.48), 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) vs 0.85 (0.84, 0.86), all P<0.05]. The logistic regression model, which integrated significant conventional CT features and dual-energy CT quantitative parameters, demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance for assessing Ki-67 expression levels, with an AUC of 0.924, sensitivity of 88.37%, specificity of 83.87%, and accuracy of 86.91%; the AUC of the dual-energy CT parameter model was 0.908, sensitivity of 82.17%, specificity of 88.71%, and accuracy of 84.29%. Though the diagnostic efficacy was no significant difference (P=0.238), both models showed superior to the conventional CT feature model (all P<0.001). Conclusion: A dual-energy CT quantitative parameter combined with a conventional CT feature model was successfully constructed, which has a good evaluation performance on the expression level of Ki-67 in invasive breast cancer.

[Effect of behavioral intervention based on social media to promote HIV/syphilis testing in young men who have sex with men]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of social media based behavioral intervention on promoting joint testing of HIV and syphilis in young men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: After the recruitment, the participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided (1∶1) into two groups, i.e. social media intervention group and control group. The control group was given routine voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services. The intervention group was also given VCT services, besides; the comprehensive strategies through social media, including regular health education message and testing information sending, were given to them to strengthen the behavioral intervention. Follow up was conducted for the participants for 12 months after the intervention. The number and the proportion of young MSM receiving HIV and syphilis testing, and the reported proportion of the young MSM with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) symptoms between the intervention group and the control group were compared to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results: A total of 315 young MSM were recruited (158 in the intervention group and 157 in the control group), in whom 248 young MSM completed the follow up. The follow-up rate was 78.7%. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the intervention group and the control group (all P>0.05). The proportion of young MSM receiving more than one joint testing in the intervention group was slightly higher than that in the control group (53.2% vs. 48.4%, rate difference (RD): 4.8%, 95%CI: -7.5%-17.0%, P=0.448) without significant difference. However, in the young MSM who used condoms in the last anal sex, the proportion of those receiving more than one joint testing in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (63.8% vs. 46.1%, RD: 17.7%, 95%CI: 1.5%-32.6%, P=0.035). In addition, the reported proportion of young MSM with STD symptoms in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.3% vs. 18.0%,RD: -11.7%, 95%CI: -20.6%- -3.0%, P=0.005). Conclusion: Compared with routine VCT, social media based behavioral intervention might promote joint HIV and syphilis testing in the young MSM who used condom in the study. It could significantly reduce the reporting proportion of STD symptoms, suggesting that this method can promote the AIDS and STD prevention related behaviors in young MSM.

[Standardization of spirometry updated in China and international: comparison and interpretation of the key updates]

Standardization of spirometry was jointly updated by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) in 2019. Similar technical standards for spirometry recommended by the Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) and/or the Chinese Association of Chest Physicians (CACP) are widely used in China. We compared the key similarities and differences of these recommendations and interpreted the key updates. The ATS/ERS 2019 updates expanded the scope of indications for spirometry and recommended the contraindications based on the pathophysiological perspective, while contraindications recommended by the CTS were based on the severity of contraindications. ISO 26782∶2009 standards were applied by the ATS/ERS 2019 to evaluate the performance quality (reliance for accuracy, repeatability, etc.) of spirometers, while standards adopted 24/26 waves suggested by the ATS 1994 was used by the CTS. The ATS/ERS 2019 also included the performance quality control criteria for 3-L calibration syringe, operator training and attainment and maintenance of competency, grade"U", system warning messages, instructions to patients, and standardized operator comments. Some of these criteria in the CTS were not explained in detail. However, the CTS/CACP emphasized that the spirometry record should report the indices of forced inspiratory phase and small airway function, those are not clearly required in the ATS/ERS 2019. In comparison, the ATS/ERS 2019 has stricter criteria for FEV₁ and FVC acceptability than the CTS and more detailed explanations. Those outstanding parts are worth referencing for the updated version of the CTS in the future, while the criteria that combine our own conditions need to be retained and popularized.

[Efficacy of relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures in the treatment of OSAHS with soft palate oropharyngeal obstruction]

Objective: To explore the efficacy of relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: Seventy-three patients(including 60 males and 13 females) with OSAHS admitted to the department of otorhinolaryngology of our hospital in recent two years were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients had velopharyngeal obstructionevaluated by electronic endoscopic Müller test and were divided into control group (34 cases) and observation group (39 cases). The patients in the control group were performed modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, while those in the observation group were performed relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures.The scores of ESS, AHI and LSaO₂ before and after treatment were collected and compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.87%, which was significantly higher than 79.41% of the control group. The AHI was lower and LSaO₂ value was higher (χ²=-1. 896,-1. 968,P<0.05)in the observation group. The sleeping symptoms and quality of life of the two groups were significantly improved. The ESS score of the observation group was decreased more significantly than that of the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=-1.451,P<0.05). The incidence of foreign body sensation in pharynx of the observation group (89.74%) was higher than that of the control group (55.88%), and the postoperative bleeding and postoperative recurrence rate (0.00%, 2.56%) was lower than that of the control group (8.82%, 14.70%)with statistical significance (χ²=4.738,4.249,4.119,P<0.05).The incidence of transient nasopharyngeal reflux in both groups was low and statistically insignificant (χ²=0.629,P>0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative strict screening of indications plays an important role in the selection of palatopharyngeal surgery methods and curative effect. Relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures can improve the clinical efficacy of OSAHS with better safety and less recurrence.

[The risk prediction models for occurrence of cervical cancer: a systematic review]

Objective: To systematically summarize and assess risk prediction models for occurrence of cervical cancer and to provide evidence for selecting the most reliable model for practice, and guide cervical cancer screening. Methods: Two groups of keywords related to cervical cancer and risk prediction model were searched on Chinese databases (CNKI, and Wanfang) and English databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library). Original articles that developed or validated risk prediction models and published before November 21, 2019, were selected. Information form was created based on the CHARMS checklist. The PROBAST was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: 12 eligible articles were identified, describing 15 prediction models, of which five were established in China. The predicted outcomes included multiple stages from cervical precancerous lesions to cancer occurrence, i.e., abnormal Pap smear (1), occurrence or recurrence of CIN (9), and occurrence of cervical cancer (5), etc. The most frequently used predictors were HPV infection (12), age (7), smoking (5), and education (5). There were two models using machine learning to develop models. In terms of model performance, the discrimination ranged from 0.53 to 0.87, while only two models assessed the calibration correctly. Only two models were externally validated in Taiwan of China, using people in different periods. All of the models were at high risk of bias, especially in the analysis domain. The problems were concentrated in the improper handling of missing data (13), preliminary evaluation of model performance (13), improper use of internal validation (12), and insufficient sample size (11). In addition, the problems of inconsistency measurements of predictors and outcomes (8) and the flawed report of the use of blindness for outcome measures (8) were also severe. Compared with the other models, the Rothberg (2018) model had relatively high quality. Conclusions: There are a certain number of cervical cancer risk prediction models, but the quality is poor. It is urgent to improve the measurement of predictors and outcomes, the statistical analysis details such as handling missing data and evaluation of model performance and externally validate existing models to better guide screening.

Efficient DNA-Driven Nanocavities for Approaching Quasi-Deterministic Strong Coupling to a Few Fluorophores

Strong coupling between light and matter is the foundation of promising quantum photonic devices such as deterministic single photon sources, single atom lasers, and photonic quantum gates, which consist of an atom and a photonic cavity. Unlike atom-based systems, a strong coupling unit based on an emitter-plasmonic nanocavity system has the potential to bring these devices to the microchip scale at ambient conditions. However, efficiently and precisely positioning a single or a few emitters into a plasmonic nanocavity is challenging. In addition, placing a strong coupling unit on a designated substrate location is a demanding task. Here, fluorophore-modified DNA strands are utilized to drive the formation of particle-on-film plasmonic nanocavities and simultaneously integrate the fluorophores into the high field region of the nanocavities. High cavity yield and fluorophore coupling yield are demonstrated. This method is then combined with e-beam lithography to position the strong coupling units on designated locations of a substrate. Furthermore, polariton energy under the detuning of fluorophore embedded nanocavities can fit into a model consisting of three sets of two-level systems, implying vibronic modes may be involved in the strong coupling. Our system makes strong coupling units more practical on the microchip scale and at ambient conditions and provides a stable platform for investigating fluorophore-plasmonic nanocavity interaction.

[Role of NF-κB p65 and related cytokines in rats with liver function injury induced by dibutyl phthalate and benzo (a) pyrene]

Objective: To explore the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and related cytokines in rats with liver function injury induced by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) , in order to provide support for enriching the mechanism of liver injury induced by DBP and BaP. Methods: In September to December of 2019, a total number of 160 specific pathogen free Sprague Dawley rats were numbered in order of sex and body weight, then using the statistical table of random numbers, they were randomly divided into eight groups and each group consists of twenty animals (10 male and 10 female rats) , including blank control group, vehicle control group (given corn oil) , DBP 50 mg/kg (DBP(50)) group, DBP 250 mg/kg (DBP(250)) group, BaP 1 mg/kg (BaP(1)) group, BaP 5 mg/kg (BaP(5)) group, DBP 50 mg/kg plus BaP 1 mg/kg (DBP(50)+BaP(1)) group and DBP 250 mg/kg plus BaP 5 mg/kg (DBP(250)+BaP(5)) group, then DBP and BaP were administered to rats as a homogenous mixture in corn oil by gavage. After exposure for 90 days, liver was separated to test the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Then serum of rats was collected to detect the levels of CXCL-13, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) were detected by Reitman-Frankel assay. Results: The protein expression of NF-κB p65 in BaP(1) group was not statistically significant, but the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 in the liver tissues of rats in other exposure group were higher than those in the blank control group (P<0.05) , and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 increased more obvious in the DBP and BaP co-exposed groups than those in the low and high dose groups that single-exposed to DBP and BaP (P<0.05) . The serum levels of CXCL-13 and IL-6 of rats in other group were obviously higher than those of the blank control group except for the BaP(1) group, and the increase was more obvious in the high-dose group that co-exposed to DBP and BaP (P<0.05) . While the level of TNF-α in each exposure group was higher than those in the blank control group and the levels of TNF-α in the DBP and BaP co-exposed groups were strongly augmented compared to those in the low and high dose groups that single-exposed to DBP and BaP (P<0.05) . What's more, compared with the blank control group, the level of ALT in each exposure group was increased significantly. Except for the BaP(1) group, the levels of AST in other exposed groups were increased (P<0.05) , and the levels of ALT and AST in the DBP and BaP co-exposed groups were significantly elevated in comparison to the low and high dose groups that single-exposed to DBP and BaP (P<0.05) . On the contrary, the level of ALB in each exposure group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group, especially decreased significantly in the DBP and BaP co-exposed group (P<0.05) . The level of TP decreased only in the high-dose group that single and co-exposed to DBP and BaP, and the decrease was more significant in the DBP and BaP co-exposed group (P<0.05) . When DBP exposed alone, Pearson correlation analysis showed that NF-κB p65 protein expression level was positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α and ALT (r=0.762, 0.951, and 0.924, P<0.05) . After BaP exposed alone, the NF-κB p65 protein expression level was positively correlated with TNF-α and ALT (r=0.911 and 0.910, P<0.05) . When DBP and BaP exposed together, NF-κB p65 protein expression level was positively correlated with CXCL-13, IL-6, TNF-α, ALT and AST (r=0.711, 0.764, 0.955, 0.903 and 0.827, P<0.05) . In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between TNF-α and ALT (r=0.833 and 0.894, P<0.05) when DBP or BaP exposed alone. Furthermore, when DBP and BaP exposed together, CXCL-13, IL-6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with ALT (r= 0.871, 0.925 and 0.942, P<0.05) , and also positively correlated with AST (r=0.910, 0.892 and 0.890, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Single and co-exposed to DBP and BaP may regulate the abnormal secretion of related cytokines by upregulating the expression level of NF-κB p65 in rat liver tissue, thus leading to hepatocyte injury in rats, and the damage effect may be enhanced when DBP and BaP are exposed together.

Gamma-Ray Observation of the Cygnus Region in the 100-TeV Energy Region

We report observations of gamma-ray emissions with energies in the 100-TeV energy region from the Cygnus region in our Galaxy. Two sources are significantly detected in the directions of the Cygnus OB1 and OB2 associations. Based on their positional coincidences, we associate one with a pulsar PSR J2032+4127 and the other mainly with a pulsar wind nebula PWN G75.2+0.1, with the pulsar moving away from its original birthplace situated around the centroid of the observed gamma-ray emission. This work would stimulate further studies of particle acceleration mechanisms at these gamma-ray sources.

[Willingness of post-exposure prophylaxis and possible related factors in men who have sex with men]

Objective: To analyze the willingness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV transmission and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Cross sectional survey design was used in this study. After informed consent, MSM aged 18 years or above and having had homosexual anal or oral sex in the past 6 months were recruited through "i WeChat" official account between September and November, 2019. Results: Of 1 517 MSM were surveyed, the proportion of MSM who had ever heard of PEP were 72.5% (1 100/1 517) and 87.9%(1 333/1 517) of the MSM said they would like to use PEP if it is needed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that aged above 25 year (OR=1.807, 95%CI: 1.090-2.995), HIV test history (OR=1.953, 95%CI: 1.171-3.256) and being aware of PEP (OR=2.163, 95%CI: 1.468-3.186) were the positive factors for PEP use, but an aware of the HIV status of sexual partner was the negative factor for PEP (OR=0.602, 95%CI: 0.407-0.890). Among MSM who had ever heard of PEP, the positive factors for PEP use included living in Zhejiang (OR=1.942, 95%CI: 1.097-3.438), aged above 25 years (OR=2.431, 95%CI: 1.331-4.439), being aware of PEP (OR=3.714, 95%CI: 1.532-9.007) obtaining information about PEP service from MSM organization/volunteer/health organization. Conclusions: MSM's willingness to use PEP services was relatively high. Age, awareness of PEP related knowledge, and awareness of sexual partner's HIV infection status were the related factors. MSM organization/volunteer/health organization were the main forces for PEP promotion in MSM.

Evaluation of Clinical Neuropathy After Living Donor Liver Transplant

OBJECTIVES

Neurologic complications are more common in liver transplants than in other solid-organ transplants. One such neurologic complication, peripheral neuropathy, may cause functional limitations for recipients and have a negative effect on posttransplant quality of life. We aimed to examine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of clinical neuropathy after liver transplant and to investigate the frequency of sensory deficits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this case-control study, we analyzed factors from medical records of 63 recipients who underwent living donor liver transplant during the period from January 2010 to December 2016. A neuropathy symptom score was assigned to identify the patients who had clinical neuropathy (case group) and the patients without clinical neuropathy (control group). Quantitative sensory testing was performed to measure the warm and cold detection thresholds, and the difference between the 2 groups was examined.

RESULTS

Compared with controls, patients with clinical neuropathy were older (61.0 vs 55.4 years; P = .028), had higher rates of diabetes (46.2% vs 16.0%; P = .03), and were taking antiviral agents against hepatitis B (100% vs 62%; P = .006). Patients with neuropathic symptoms had significantly increased frequencies of impairment of warm and cold detection thresholds. In addition, the greater severity of symptoms showed higher detection thresholds of warm (control, 40.7℃; mild-to-moderate, 43.8 ℃; severe, 46.0 ℃; P = .007) and cold (control, 28.8℃ ; mild-to-moderate, 27.0 ℃; severe, 21.8 ℃ ; P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that older age, diabetes, and treatment with oral antiviral agents against hepatitis B virus were more likely to be associated with the occurrence of clinical neuropathy after liver transplant. Early awareness and careful monitoring are warranted.

[A convolutional neural network based model for assisting pathological diagnoses on thyroid liquid-based cytology]

Objective: To develop a convolutional neural network based model for assisting pathological diagnoses on thyroid liquid-based cytology specimens. Methods: Seven-hundred thyroid TCT slides were collected, scanned for whole slide imaging (WSI), and divided into training and test sets after labeling the correct diagnosis (benign versus malignant). The extracted regions of interest after noise filtering were cropped into pieces of 512 × 512 patch on 10 × and 40 × magnifications, respectively. A classification model was constructed using deeply learning algorithms, and applied to the training set, then automatically tuned in the test set. After data enhancement and parameters optimization, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the model were calculated. Results The training set with 560 WSI contained 4 926 cell clusters (11 164 patches), while the test set with 140 WSI contained 977 cell clusters (1 402 patches). YOLO network was selected to establish a detection model, and ResNet50 was used as a classification model. With 40 epochs training, results from 10× magnifications showed an accuracy of 90.01%, sensitivity of 89.31%, specificity of 92.51%, positive predictive value of 97.70% and negative predictive value of 70.82%. The area under curve was 0.97. The average diagnostic time was less than 1 second. Although the model for data of 40× magnifications was very sensitive (98.72%), but its specificity was poor, suggesting that the model was more reliable at 10× magnification. Conclusions: The performance of a deep-learning based model is equivalent to pathologists' diagnostic performance, but its efficiency is far beyond. The model can greatly improve consistency and efficiency, and reduce the missed diagnosis rate. In the future, larger studies should have more morphology diversity, improve model's accuracy and eventually develop a model for direct clinical use.

First Detection of sub-PeV Diffuse Gamma Rays from the Galactic Disk: Evidence for Ubiquitous Galactic Cosmic Rays beyond PeV Energies

We report, for the first time, the long-awaited detection of diffuse gamma rays with energies between 100 TeV and 1 PeV in the Galactic disk. Particularly, all gamma rays above 398 TeV are observed apart from known TeV gamma-ray sources and compatible with expectations from the hadronic emission scenario in which gamma rays originate from the decay of π^{0}'s produced through the interaction of protons with the interstellar medium in the Galaxy. This is strong evidence that cosmic rays are accelerated beyond PeV energies in our Galaxy and spread over the Galactic disk.

[Analysis on the influencing factors of long-term survival of implants during lateral maxillary sinus floor elevation]

PURPOSE

To investigate the long-term effects of residual bone height (RBH), maxillary sinus membrane perforation, and cavities on survival of implants with lateral maxillary sinus lifting (MSFA).

METHODS

Fifty-six patients (98 implants) who underwent MSFA from 2005 to 2009 and followed up till 2019 were enrolled. RBH was assessed using a series of panoramic and periapical X-ray films. Based on the presence of RBH, sinus membrane perforation, cavities, the cumulative survival rate (CSR) were evaluated using log-rank test and risk ratio of implant failure, SPSS 21.0 software package was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

The residual bone height of implants with sinus membrane perforation was significantly larger than those without sinus membrane perforation. The residual bone height of the survival implants was significantly larger than that of the failed implants(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the residual bone height between gender, smoking and cavities(P>0.05). The total CSR of 10 years after implantation by MSFA was 94.5%, of which the females was significantly higher than that of males, non-smokers was significantly higher than that of smokers, and RBH≥3 mm was significantly higher than that of RBH<3 mm(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in CSR between sinus membrane perforation and non-sinus membrane perforation.

CONCLUSIONS

Implants with RBH<3 mm have lower CSR, and the survival is acceptable under proper oral hygiene maintenance conditions. Sinus perforation and cavity do not affect the survival of lateral MSFA implants.

[A cross-sectional study on current status of rare disease related health information based on WeChat official accounts in China]

Objective: To understand the current status of rare disease related health information release in WeChat official accounts in China. Methods: We used a series of key words containing "rare diseases" and the names of the top 30 rare diseases in hospitalizations in China to search WeChat official accounts. Eligible articles were selected by systematic sampling. All including WeChat official accounts and articles were evaluated to extract the basic information. Results: No relevant WeChat official accounts were found for 14 rare diseases (46.67%). Most of the WeChat official accounts (52.17%) were initiated by patients and patient groups. No significant difference was detected in the total number of articles between the official accounts related with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and non-TCM related ones, however, the frequency of the monthly information release was significantly higher in TCM related official accounts (P<0.001), while the average reading number of articles was significantly higher in non-TCM related official accounts (P<0.001). Nearly 80% of the WeChat official accounts had navigation menu, and the average reading number of official accounts with menus was larger than those without menus. The top three topics were rare disease diagnosis and treatment knowledge (46.00%), public welfare activity for rare diseases (12.81%) and uncorrelated things (8.65%), while the first three leading topics were cutting-edge information, public welfare activity and patient story, respectively. Conclusions: The scale for rare disease related health information release based on WeChat official accounts in China has been basically formed, but it is still in development stage. Many improvements should be made in their coverage of rare diseases, release frequency, topic and form. It is urgent to establish or recreate some high-quality WeChat official accounts in order to provide precise information and effectively facilitate the prevention and treatment of rare diseases.

[Evaluation on the confidence of refusing unprotected sex behavior and related factors among college students in Zhejiang province]

Objective: To understand the confidence-related factors of refusing unprotected sex behavior among college students in Zhejiang province. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted among college students from 13 colleges and universities in Zhejiang province, from October to November, 2018. A total of 3 718 students who self-reported "ever having had sexual contacts" were enrolled. Chi-square test was used to compare the confidence of rejecting unprotected sex under different demographic characteristics, sexual attitude/behaviors and different intervention approaches. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: A total of 3 718 college students were involved in this study with average age as (20.17±1.38) years old and 70.5% (2 620/3 718) were male. The proportions of having confidence to refuse unprotected sex behavior were 74.9% (1 963/2 620) of male and 77.9% (896/1 098) of female students, respectively. According to the results from multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors that related to the confidence of refusing unprotected sex behavior in male students would include, did not accept casual sex behavior (compared with accepted students, OR=2.247, 95%CI: 1.828-2.762), did not accept homosexual behavior (compared with accepted students, OR=1.810, 95%CI: 1.302- 2.516), having casual sex behavior in the past one year (compared with having no sex behavior, OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.051-1.721), aware of the availability of HIV self-test reagents service in college (compared with did not knew, OR=1.381, 95%CI: 1.011-1.887), having taken the HIV infection risk self-assessment in college (compared with did not take, OR=1.707, 95%CI: 1.374-2.121). In female students, the factors would include: being urban resident (compared with rural residence, OR=1.816, 95%CI: 1.225-2.693), 21 years old or above (compared with 20 years old or below, OR=1.469, 95%CI: 1.075-2.007), having taken the HIV infection risk self-assessment in college (compared with did not take, OR=1.597, 95%CI: 1.093-2.333), etc. Conclusions: Both male and female college students had higher confidence in refusing unprotected sex behavior. For male students, refusing casual or homosexual contacts, having casual sex in the recent year, knowing HIV self-test reagents service and having had HIV-related risk self-assessment in college as related factors. However, for female students; city residence, 21 years old and above, and having a HIV infection risk self- assessment in college appeared as related factors. Sexual health education should be strengthened to reduce unprotective sex behavior and to promote HIV infection risk self-assessment among the college students.

P1569The Impact of Multidisciplinary Cardio-Oncology Program on the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients

Background

Chemo- and target therapies may induce myocardial dysfunction and lead to poor prognoses. Early detection of minor myocardial dysfunction is important for the prevention of subsequent cardiotoxicity. Cardio-oncology is a multidisciplinary field focusing on managing and preventing cardiovascular complications in cancer patients. However, whether Cardio-oncology program truly makes difference in cardiovascular outcomes remains unknown. Herein, we are sharing our experiences in our Medical Center.

Methods

Since 2014 till 2017, we recruited 154 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer preparing for Epirubicin therapy. Echocardiography, biomarkers, six minute walking distance and cardiovascular adverse events including new onset of hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality were recorded at baseline, three months, six months and one year. Any functional decline was reported to oncologists for the consideration of changing regimens. Otherwise, cardiologists would be consulted for cardiovascular educations and therapies. The echocardiographic and clinical records of 450 breast patients receiving Epirubicin therapy during 2010 to 2013 were also collected as comparison.

Results

Compared with the ratio of 20% patients receiving echocardiography prior to 2014, the ratio increased to 100% since Cardio-Oncology program started. Also, the drop of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from 25% attenuated to 5%. Before Cardio-Oncology Program, there were 1.7% of new onset hypertension, 0.8% of MI, 0.8% of stroke and 16.8% of mortality. Conversely, after the program, there were only 0.6% of new onset hypertension while no other cardiovascular complications were reported. Furthermore, compared with previous reports of the effectiveness of Cardio-Oncology Program, our result also displayed a superior impact on the cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions

Collectively, through a comprehensive monitoring and an early intervention of myocardial dysfunction post chemotherapies, Cardio-Oncology Program truly decreased the cardiovascular complications in breast cancer patients.

Acknowledgement/Funding

Chi-Mei Medical Center

P3115Effect of calcitriol attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice model: focus on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Objective

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anti-neoplasm drug, but the early and late cardiac toxicity limits its clinical use. The Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been found to involve in the process of heart failure. It's unclear whether EndMT plays a role in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DoIC). Calcitriol is an active form Vitamin D3, which blocks the growth of cancer cells via inhibiting Smad pathway. This study investigated the cardiac protective effect of calcitriol via inhibiting of EndMT in DoIC.

Methods/Findings

C57BL/6 mice and endothelial-specific labeled mice were administered Dox twice weekly for 4 weeks [intraperitoneally (i.p.), 32 mg/kg cumulative dose]and were subsequently treated with/without calcitriol for 12 weeks. The cardiac echography revealed diastolic dysfunction at 13 weeks following the first DOX treatment and was accompanied by increased of myocardial fibrosis and up-regulated pro-fibrotic proteins.(Figure A-C) Calcitriol attenuated DOX-induced myocardial fibrosis, down-regulated pro-fibrotic proteinsand diastolic function. Endothelial fate tracing revealed that endothelium-derived cells contributed DOX-induced cardiac remodelling through EndMT and Calcitriol attenuated this process without attenuating Dox-induced cardiac myocyte and endothelial cell damage.(Figure D) In vitro, we examined if calcitriol would inhibit EndMT and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) through the Smad pathway. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse cardiac fibroblasts were treated with TGF-beta with or without calcitriol. Morphological, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analyses were carried out to evaluate EndMT and FMT. Calcitriol attenuated EndMT and FMT by inhibiting the Smad2 pathway. Taken together, calcitriol didn't reduced Doxorubicin induced damage of cardiomocyte and endothelial cells. But calcitriol inhibit doxorubicin induced heart failure by attenuating cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting Smad pathway.

Conclusion

Calcitriol attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyopathy partial through inhibiting EndMT process.

Acknowledgement/Funding

CMRPG8E0661-3

First Detection of Photons with Energy beyond 100 TeV from an Astrophysical Source

We report on the highest energy photons from the Crab Nebula observed by the Tibet air shower array with the underground water-Cherenkov-type muon detector array. Based on the criterion of a muon number measured in an air shower, we successfully suppress 99.92% of the cosmic-ray background events with energies E>100  TeV. As a result, we observed 24 photonlike events with E>100  TeV against 5.5 background events, which corresponds to a 5.6σ statistical significance. This is the first detection of photons with E>100  TeV from an astrophysical source.

Abstract P1-17-02: Outcomes and safety of paclitaxel and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) in breast cancer in pregnancy (BCP) - A multi-institutional retrospective analysis

Background

BCP is uncommon; however, the frequency is increasing due to trends in delayed childbearing. Studies have suggested that some systemic therapies, including doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, can be delivered safely during pregnancy after the first trimester, whereas agents such as trastuzumab and endocrine therapy are contraindicated due to risk to the fetus. Data remain limited on the efficacy and safety of administering taxane chemotherapy or growth factor support during pregnancy. We retrospectively evaluated the safety of systemic therapies, including paclitaxel and GCSF, as well as clinical outcomes, in a multi-institutional cohort of patients (pts) with BCP.

Methods

Pts treated for BCP from 1996-2018 from 3 large academic institutions were included. Demographic, oncologic treatment, and obstetric/neonatal outcomes data were obtained from medical records. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier; Log-rank test were used to compare different groups/outcomes. Associations were calculated by Fisher's exact test.

Results

A total of 114 pts diagnosed with BCP were included. The median age was 35 years (range 25-44) and median gestational age at diagnosis was 18 weeks (range 2-38). BCP was predominantly early stage at diagnosis (stage I 28.0%, stage II 53.5%) and ER+/HER2- negative (48.2%). Sixty-three (55.2%) women received chemotherapy, 13 (11.4%) received paclitaxel and 11 (9.6%) GCSF (daily or depot injections) while pregnant. A total of 78% of pts with HER-2-positive BCP (28/36) received trastuzumab after delivery (11% were treated before 2005 and 5.5% were T1a). With median follow-up of 67.7 months, median DFS (stage I-III) was 212.8 months (CI 95% 108.4-317.1), and median OS (stage I-IV) was not reached. Subgroup analysis suggested a higher DFS for pts diagnosed in the 1sttrimester compared to the 3rdtrimester among women with stage II-III (HR 0.25 CI 95% 0.09-0.70, p= 0.03). Among women who received paclitaxel, there was no significant increase in adverse obstetrical/neonatal outcomes: preterm delivery (23.1% vs 13.1%, p 0.39), low weight newborn (7.7% vs 9.1 %, p 1.0), congenital malformations (0% vs 6.1%, p 1.0) or acute neonatal adverse outcomes (7.7% vs 4.0%, p 0.51), which include NICU need and Apgar 5'&lt;7, compared to pts who did not receive paclitaxel. Among pts who received GCSF during pregnancy, adverse outcomes were numerically but not statistically higher than women who did not receive growth factor: preterm delivery (36.3% vs 11.0%, p 0.051), low weight newborn (27.3% vs 6.9%, p 0.058), congenital malformations (9.1% vs 1.0%, p 0.18) or acute neonatal adverse outcomes (18.2% vs 3.0%, p 0.07).

Conclusion

In this multi-institution cohort of BCP pts, despite a small number of pts, exposure to contemporary therapies including paclitaxel was not associated with unfavorable obstetrical/neonatal outcomes and these results suggest it is safe to administer during pregnancy under the care of a multidisciplinary team. Although not statistically significant, GCSF presented numerical worse outcomes and combining data from several cohorts would be helpful to provide confirmation of these findings.

Citation Format: Exman P, Freret TS, Economy KE, Chen WY, Parsons HA, Lin NU, Moy B, Tung NM, Partridge AH, Mayer EL. Outcomes and safety of paclitaxel and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) in breast cancer in pregnancy (BCP) - A multi-institutional retrospective analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-17-02.

[Analysis on voluntary blood donation and associated factors in men who have sex with men in 3 cities in China]

Objective: To assess the prevalence of blood donation and associated factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods: Our observational study was conducted between January and August, 2017 in 3 cities: Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Wuxi. Eligible participants were MSM (≥18 years old) who had either ≥2 male sex partners or unprotected anal sex with casual partners, or had been diagnosed with STI in the past 6 months. A self-completed tablet-based questionnaire was used to collect the information about MSM's socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and blood donation history. Results: A total of 603 MSM were enrolled in our study, including 302 in Guangzhou, 152 in Shenzhen and 149 in Wuxi, with a mean age of 27.9 years (SD=7.8). Overall, 29.2% (176/603) of the MSM reported a history of blood donation, and 33.1% (100/302)in Guangzhou, 27.6% (42/152) in Shenzhen and 22.8% (34/149) in Wuxi, the differences were not significant (χ(2)=6.421, P=0.093). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that MSM had ever tested for HIV for ≥2 times in the past 12 months (vs. MSM tested for HIV one time, aOR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.08-2.19) or who had ever used gay dating app (vs. MSM who not used gay dating app, aOR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.12-4.44) were more likely to donate blood. Conclusions: Blood donation was common in MSM in China. Health education about blood donation in MSM should be strengthened to ensure the blood safety.

Evaluation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Strength Using the Cosmic-Ray Shadow of the Sun

We analyze the Sun's shadow observed with the Tibet-III air shower array and find that the shadow's center deviates northward (southward) from the optical solar disk center in the "away" ("toward") interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) sector. By comparing with numerical simulations based on the solar magnetic field model, we find that the average IMF strength in the away (toward) sector is 1.54±0.21_{stat}±0.20_{syst} (1.62±0.15_{stat}±0.22_{syst}) times larger than the model prediction. These demonstrate that the observed Sun's shadow is a useful tool for the quantitative evaluation of the average solar magnetic field.

HDAC1,2 inhibition and doxorubicin impair Mre11-dependent DNA repair and DISC to override BCR-ABL1-driven DSB repair in Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) expressing BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein is a major subclass of ALL with poor prognosis. BCR-ABL1-expressing leukemic cells are highly dependent on double-strand break (DSB) repair signals for their survival. Here we report that a first-in-class HDAC1,2 selective inhibitor and doxorubicin (a hyper-CVAD chemotherapy regimen component) impair DSB repair networks in Ph+ B-cell precursor ALL cells using common as well as distinct mechanisms. The HDAC1,2 inhibitor but not doxorubicin alters nucleosomal occupancy to impact chromatin structure, as revealed by MNase-Seq. Quantitative mass spectrometry of the chromatin proteome along with functional assays showed that the HDAC1,2 inhibitor and doxorubicin either alone or in combination impair the central hub of DNA repair, the Mre11–Rad51–DNA ligase 1 axis, involved in BCR-ABL1-specific DSB repair signaling in Ph+ B-cell precursor ALL cells. HDAC1,2 inhibitor and doxorubicin interfere with DISC (DNA damage-induced transcriptional silencing in cis)) or transcriptional silencing program in cis around DSB sites via chromatin remodeler-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively, to further impair DSB repair. HDAC1,2 inhibitor either alone or when combined with doxorubicin decreases leukemia burden in vivo in refractory Ph+ B-cell precursor ALL patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Overall, our novel mechanistic and preclinical studies together demonstrate that HDAC1,2 selective inhibition can overcome DSB repair ‘addiction’ and provide an effective therapeutic option for Ph+ B-cell precursor ALL.

[A randomized controlled clinical trial of acoustic resonance combined with systemic steroid therapy for sudden hearing loss]

Objective:To study the short-term and long-term therapeutic effect of acoustic resonance combined with systemic steroid therapy in treatment of Sudden hearing loss (SHL).Method:Clinical data of 128 patients with SHL were analyzed in the randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into study group (68 cases) and control group (60 cases). Patients in control group received steroid therapy and conventional drug therapy, while study group received acoustic resonance therapy combined with systemic steroid therapy and conventional drug therapy.Result:The total effective rate of study group and control group was 66.18% and 65.00% respectively at the end of treatment; the total effective rate of study group and control group was 72.06% and 70.00% 4 weeks after treatment; the total efficiency of study group and control group was 73.53% and 68.33% respectively 8 weeks after treatment. The total effective rate of study group was not significantly higher than that of the control group in the three periods (P> 0.05). But the PTA significantly improved in study group 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment [(43.87±16.73)dB, (40.96±17.11)dB], while the PTA of control group is (50.89±18.41)dB, (48.93±17.84)dB (P< 0.05), and no serious adverse events were happened during treatments and after treatments.Conclusion:Acoustic resonance combined with systemic steroid therapy can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of SHL with no obvious side effects, which is worth clinical promotion.

[Quality of life and its related factors among HIV/AIDS patients from HIV serodiscordant couples in Zhoukou of Henan province]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the quality of life and its related factors among HIV/AIDS patients from HIV serodiscordant couples in Zhoukou city of Henan province.

METHODS

During January to May in 2015, by the convenience sample, World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire for Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) (Chinese version) and a self-edited questionnaire were used to investigate 1 251 HIV/AIDS patients who were confirmed with HIV positive by local CDC, registered in"HIV serodiscordant family" and agreed to participate in a face-to-face interview with above 18 year-old based on the local CDC , township hospitals and village clinics of 9 counties and 1 district of Zhoukou city, excluding the HIV/AIDS patients who were in divorce, death by one side, unknowing about his HIV status, with mental illness and disturbance of consciousness, incorrectly understanding the content of the questionnaire, and reluctant to participate in this study. The scores of quality of life of physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental domain were calculated. The related factors of the scores of different domains were analyzed by Multiple Two Classification Unconditioned Logistic Regression.

RESULTS

The scores of investigation objects in the physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental domain were 12.00± 2.02, 12.07 ± 2.07, 11.87 ± 1.99, and 11.09 ± 1.84, respectively. The multiple Unconditioned Logistic Regression analysis indicated that age <40 years, on ART and no other sickness in last two weeks were beneficial factors associated with physical domain with OR (95%CI): 0.61 (0.35-1.06), 0.52 (0.30-0.90), and 1.66 (1.09-2.52), respectively. The possibility of no poverty and no other sickness in last two weeks increased to 0.15(0.09-0.26) and 1.57(1.06-2.33) times of those who was in poverty and with other sickness in last two weeks in physical domain. The possibility of participants who were below 40 years old and with children increased to 0.58 (0.34-0.98) and 0.37 (0.23-0.57) times of who were above 40 years old and without children in psychological domain. The factors of with AIDS related symptoms, no children and with other sickness in last two week were found to be significantly associated with environmental domain with OR (95%CI): 0.65 (0.48-0.88), 0.66 (0.51-0.85), and 0.65 (0.51-0.84), respectively .

CONCLUSION

The scores of every domain of quality of life in HIV serodiscordant couples of Zhoukou city were good. Age, whether having AIDS related symptoms, whether to accept ART , children, status of poverty, and whether suffering from other diseases in last two weeks were the main factors associated with the quality of life.

Abstract PD4-08: Post-diagnosis physical activity and comorbidities, not BMI, explain mortality risk in the after breast cancer pooling project

Background: In its 2014 position statement, ASCO concluded that obesity is associated with worse prognosis after cancer diagnosis. However in the same year, a comprehensive review by the World Cancer Research Fund concluded that there was limited evidence that greater body fatness increases risk of overall or breast cancer mortality, indicating that further investigation into lifestyle factors are needed. The After Breast Cancer (ABC) Pooling Project has reported, separately, significant mortality effects of pre-diagnosis BMI and of post-diagnosis physical activity (PA). We investigate whether the effect of BMI can be limited to subgroups characterized by comorbidities and physical activity.

Methods: Data are from the three US cohorts that were harmonized in the ABCPP (n=9513) including: the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL), Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE), and Nurses' Health (NHS) studies. Stepwise delayed entry Cox proportional hazards models examined each lifestyle predictor (BMI, PA, and comorbidities assessed after diagnosis) sequentially and together in multivariate models for breast cancer and all-cause mortality.

Results: In multivariate models without the other two target variables, PA was significantly associated with a 17% decrease in the risk of breast cancer mortality among women in the highest quartile of PA (MET hr/wk &gt; 21.4), compared to the lowest quartile (MET hr/wk &lt; 2.7) (HR=0.81,95% CI= 0.67,0.97). In the model with major comorbidities, there was a significant 40% increase in the risk of breast cancer mortality among women diagnosed with both diabetes and hypertension (HR=1.40, 95% CI= 1.01,1.93). In the model with BMI, there was no significant association with risk of breast cancer mortality. These results were essentially unchanged with all variables in a single model.

For all-cause mortality, the PA-only model showed a significant PA effect with the hazard decreasing from 20% to 40% across quartiles (Q2 HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.71,0.90, Q4 HR=0.62, 95% CI=0.54,0.71). In the comorbidity-only model, both diabetes and hypertension significantly increased hazard of all-cause mortality 80% and 33%, respectively. Having both diagnoses was associated with a significant, 2.3 fold increase in all-cause mortality (HR=2.34, 95% CI= 1.95,2.81).

In the BMI-only model, being underweight was associated with a significant 2.4 fold increase in risk of all-cause mortality, and there was a 20 and 37% increase in risk associated with being categorized as obese I or II (Obese I HR=1.23, 95% CI=1.07,1.40, Obese II HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.16,1.61).

With all three variables in the model, the risk associated with being obese decreased and became non-significant (Obese I HR=1.06, Obese II HR=1.05), while the significance, strength, and direction of the association of comorbidities and PA with all-cause mortality remained constant.

Conclusion: These data suggest that post-diagnosis comorbidities and lack of physical activity, rather than high BMI , are the important risk factors for all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality. While needing further validation, these suggest that physical activity interventions and monitoring treatment for comorbidities should become standard of care for breast cancer survivors.

Citation Format: Nelson SH, Marinac CR, Patterson RE, Nachuta SJ, Caan BJ, Chen WY, Shu X-O, Pierce JP. Post-diagnosis physical activity and comorbidities, not BMI, explain mortality risk in the after breast cancer pooling project. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD4-08.

Abstract PD1-02: Statin use and breast cancer incidence in the Nurses' health study

Background

Statin drugs lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease. Laboratory and epidemiologic evidence suggests that statins may also have anti-cancer properties. Published associations between statin use and breast cancer incidence are heterogeneous. Few studies have comprehensively addressed confounding by lifestyle and reproductive factors, or detection bias due to potentially higher screening rates among medication users. The most recent study on this topic reported an increased risk of invasive breast cancer among statin users.

Methods

To improve upon the present evidence base we studied the association between statin use and incident breast cancer among 79,518 postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. We followed these women from 2000 (the year statin exposure was first ascertained prospectively) until the first of breast cancer diagnosis, death from any cause, or the end of follow-up in 2012. We defined statin exposure as current or former use (both factored with duration) or never use. We fit Cox regression models to estimate associations, encoding statin use and covariates as time-dependent variables updated every two years. We evaluated confounding by adiposity, reproductive history, menopausal hormone therapy, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease and diabetes, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and use of co-medications. We also measured associations among those cohort members who underwent screening mammograms every two years.

Results

Over 823,086 person-years of follow-up, 3,055 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed (1,078 of which were among statin users). Compared with non-users, statin users were somewhat older, had a higher mean BMI, were more likely to be users of aspirin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin, and ACE inhibitors, had a higher prevalence of diabetes, and were more likely to undergo mammographic screening. Current users of any statin had a similar rate of breast cancer incidence as never users (for current users of ≥8 years' duration, HRadj=1.1, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.3). Analyses of specific statin exposures among new initiators of therapy in 2004 returned similarly null associations (for current use of hydrophilic statins, HRadj=1.0, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.3; for current use of lipophilic statins, HRadj=1.1, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.3). Associations did not vary substantially by duration of statin use or according to breast cancer subtypes defined by histology (invasive ductal vs. invasive lobular disease) or estrogen receptor status. Statin use was not associated with incident breast carcinoma in situ. These results were similar in analyses restricted to women who underwent regular screening mammograms.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that cholesterol-lowering statin therapy neither increases nor decreases breast cancer incidence rate in postmenopausal women. Considering the latest report indicated an increased breast cancer risk among statin users, our neutral findings should reassure physicians that statin therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is safe with respect to breast cancer risk.

Citation Format: Ahern TP, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Garber JE, Eliassen AH, Borgquist S. Statin use and breast cancer incidence in the Nurses' health study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD1-02.

Oral toxicity evaluation of kefir-isolated Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M1 in Sprague-Dawley rats

Lactobacilli kefiranofaciens M1 has shown novel immunomodulation and anti-allergy probiotic attributes in cell and animal models. An acute oral toxicity assessment of L. kefiranofaciens M1 was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups (12 rats/sex/group): the low dose group was orally gavaged with L. kefiranofaciens M1 at 3.0×10(8)cfu/kg bw while the medium dose and high dose groups received 9.0×10(9)cfu/kg bw and 1.8×10(10)cfu/kg bw, respectively, for 28days. The control group received phosphate buffer saline. The body weights were measured weekly while blood samples were collected for haematology and serum biochemistry tests. Histopathology of the organs (heart, liver, kidney, adrenal glands, spleen, ovary, testis), and urinalysis were conducted on study termination. The body weight gain of the L. kefiranofaciens M1 and control groups were comparable during the administration period. Overall, L. kefiranofaciens M1 did not induce adverse effects on haematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters. Gross and microscopic histopathology of the organs revealed no toxicity effect of L. kefiranofaciens M1. In conclusion, 1.8×10(10)cfu/kg bw of L. kefiranofaciens M1 was considered as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), which was the highest dose tested in the present study.

Genetic relationship between lodging and lodging components in barley (Hordeum vulgare) based on unconditional and conditional quantitative trait locus analyses

Lodging (LD) is a major constraint limiting the yield and forage quality of barley. Detailed analyses of LD component (LDC) traits were conducted using 246 F2 plants generated from a cross between cultivars ZQ320 and 1277. Genetic relationships between LD and LDC were evaluated by unconditional and conditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with 117 simple sequence repeat markers. Ultimately, 53 unconditional QTL related to LD were identified on seven barley chromosomes. Up to 15 QTL accounted for over 10% of the phenotypic variation, and up to 20 QTL for culm strength were detected. Six QTL with pleiotropic effects showing significant negative correlations with LD were found between markers Bmag353 and GBM1482 on chromosome 4H. These alleles and alleles of QTL for wall thickness, culm strength, plant height, and plant weight originated from ZQ320. Conditional mapping identified 96 additional QTL for LD. Conditional QTL analysis demonstrated that plant height, plant height center of gravity, and length of the sixth internode had the greatest contribution to LD, whereas culm strength and length of the fourth internode, and culm strength of the second internode were the key factors for LD-resistant. Therefore, lodging resistance in barley can be improved based on selection of alleles affecting culm strength, wall thickness, plant height, and plant weight. The conditional QTL mapping method can be used to evaluate possible genetic relationships between LD and LDC while efficiently and precisely determining counteracting QTL, which will help in understanding the genetic basis of LD in barley.

Probe of the solar magnetic field using the "cosmic-ray shadow" of the sun

We report on a clear solar-cycle variation of the Sun’s shadow in the 10 TeV cosmic-ray flux observed by the Tibet air shower array during a full solar cycle from 1996 to 2009. In order to clarify the physical implications of the observed solar cycle variation, we develop numerical simulations of the Sun’s shadow, using the potential field source surface model and the current sheet source surface (CSSS) model for the coronal magnetic field. We find that the intensity deficit in the simulated Sun’s shadow is very sensitive to the coronal magnetic field structure, and the observed variation of the Sun’s shadow is better reproduced by the CSSS model. This is the first successful attempt to evaluate the coronal magnetic field models by using the Sun’s shadow observed in the TeV cosmic-ray flux.

A phase II study of ixabepilone and trastuzumab for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer

BACKGROUND

A multicenter NCI-sponsored phase II study was conducted to analyze the safety and efficacy of the combination of ixabepilone with trastuzumab in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Two cohorts were enrolled: cohort 1 had received no prior chemotherapy or trastuzumab for metastatic disease and cohort 2 had received 1-2 prior trastuzumab-containing regimens for metastatic disease. Patients in both cohorts received ixabepilone 40 mg/m(2) as a 3-h infusion and trastuzumab on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Tumor biomarkers that may predict response to trastuzumab were explored.

RESULTS

Thirty-nine women entered the study with 15 patients in cohort 1 and 24 patients in cohort 2. Across both cohorts, the overall RR was 44%, with a clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD for at least 24 weeks) of 56%. Treatment-related toxic effects included neuropathy (grade ≥2, 56%), leukopenia (grade ≥2, 26%), myalgias (grade ≥2, 21%), neutropenia (grade ≥2, 23%), and anemia (grade ≥2, 18%).

CONCLUSIONS

This represents the first study of the combination of ixabepilone with trastuzumab for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. These results suggest that the combination has encouraging activity as first and subsequent line therapy for metastatic breast cancer.

Morphological variation of mutant sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) induced by space flight and their genetic background detection by SSR primers

After sunflower seeds were exposed to space conditions, various mutant plants were screened from the descendent plants. The morphological characters of plants changed in flower color from golden to yellow, light yellow, or even to yellowish green. The ligulate petals of the unisexual floret broadened, or became thin, while the short tubular petals of bisexual floret elongated to some extent, or even turned into semi-ligulate petals or ligulate petals, making the phenotype of the whole inflorescence like a chrysanthemum. The shape and thickness of leaves varied in some of these plants. Absolute sterile plants in mutant plants were found to possess neither normal bisexual florets nor unisexual florets, but the "pseudo-floret" only consisted of pieces of shield-like bracts on protuberant floral disc. Thirty-five pairs of simple sequence of repeat primers were used to detect the genetic variation of the plants, and the results showed that only a variation was tested in the mutant plants from 4 primers. The different PCR products obtained were extracted for sequencing and alignment analysis, and the aligned results showed that the DNA sequence changed by deletion, insertion and replacement that occurred at some sites. The results proved the high mutagenic efficacy of space flight, and ways of DNA transformation due to space conditions.

A randomized controlled trial of oral melatonin supplementation and breast cancer biomarkers

We examined compliance with and the effects of melatonin supplementation on breast cancer biomarkers (estradiol, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio) in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, postmenopausal women with a prior history of stages 0-III breast cancer who had completed active cancer treatment (including hormonal therapy) were randomly assigned to either 3 mg oral melatonin (n = 48) or placebo daily for 4 months. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after the completion of the intervention. The primary endpoints were compliance and change in estradiol and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 levels. Ninety-five women were randomized (48 to melatonin and 47 to placebo). Eighty-six women (91%) completed the study and provided pre- and postintervention bloods. Melatonin was well tolerated without any grade 3/4 toxicity and compliance was high (89.5%). Overall, among postmenopausal women with a prior history of breast cancer, a 4-month course of 3 mg melatonin daily did not influence circulating estradiol, IGF-1, or IGFBP-3 levels. Compliance was comparable between the two groups. Short-term melatonin treatment did not influence the estradiol and IGF-1/IGBBP-3 levels. Effects of longer courses of melatonin among premenopausal women are unknown. Low baseline estradiol levels in our study population may have hindered the ability to detect any further estradiol-lowering effects of melatonin.

Genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1, CYP2C9, CYP4F2 in Bai, Tibetan Chinese

BACKGROUND

VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 are three critical genes associated with inter-individual variation of warfarin dose. Many dosing algorithms containing these gene polymorphisms and demographic characteristics have been set up for better use of warfarin. However, with distinct gene mutation frequencies among different ethnics, dosing algorithms differ greatly. For Chinese, related research just concentrate on Han Chinese, ignoring other Chinese ethnicities. This study aims to detect the popular polymorphisms in these three critical genes in Bai, Tibetan Chinese, to start the exploration of better use of warfarin in Chinese minorities.

METHODS

PCR-based methods were used to analyze VKORC1 3673G > A, CYP2C9*3, CYP4F2 rs2108622 C > T in Han, Bai and Tibetan Chinese.

RESULTS

The differences among the mutation frequencies of the studied genes in three ethnicities were not statistically significant. The frequency of A-allele of VKORC1 3673G > A was 92.8%, 90.2%, 90.8% in Bai, Tibetan, Han Chinese, respectively. The frequency of *3-allele in CYP2C9*3 was low in Bai (4.5%), Tibetan (2.8%) and Han Chinese (4.6%). Approximately one fourth of each ethnic had the mutant T-allele of CYP4F2 rs108622. However, Bai Chinese got statistically higher A-allele frequency of VKORC1 3673G > A than previously studied Han Chinese did.

CONCLUSIONS

Bai Chinese got significant higher A-allele frequency of VKORC1 3673G > A.

P1-08-02: Pre-Diagnosis Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Prognosis and Survival: Report from the after Breast Cancer Pooling Project

Background: A large body of evidence dating back over 30 years suggests that obese women have poorer survival after a breast cancer (BC) diagnosis compared to non-obese women. Despite most studies supporting an association of elevated risk of overall mortality with obesity, the relationship of obesity with risk of BC recurrence, BC mortality and non-BC mortality remains unclear. Furthermore, reports suggest that the association of BMI with BC outcomes may be U or J shaped, prompting the necessity of examining underweight and more severely obese women as independent groups. We conducted a pooled investigation of pre-diagnosis BMI and BC recurrence and survival using data from the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project (ABCPP). Materials and Methods: The ABCPP includes 14,950 BC survivors from four prospective cohorts (three US and one Shanghai, China) diagnosed from 1990–2006 with invasive primary AJCC Stage I-III BC at ages 20–83 years. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess heterogeneity across studies and poolability of data. Delayed entry Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of pre-diagnosis BMI (underweight &lt;18.5 kg/m2, normal 18.5-&lt;25 kg/m2, overweight 25-&lt;30 kg/m2, obese ≥30 kg/m2) with BC recurrence, BC death, non-BC death, and overall death, adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage, race/ethnicity, menopausal status, hormone receptor status, number of positive lymph nodes, treatment, smoking history, and comorbidity (diabetes, hypertension, and/or CVD). Subgroup analyses further divided the obesity group into obese (30-&lt;35 kg/m2), severely obese (35-&lt;40 kg/m2), and morbidly obese (≥40 kg/m2) categories.

Results: No heterogeneity in effect estimates by study was found. 2104 deaths (1416 BC-related) and 2320 recurrences were observed after a mean (SD) of 7.66 (3.95) years of follow-up. Both underweight and obese women had a statistically significant increased risk of overall death compared to normal-weight women (underweight HR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.28 and obese HR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.38; p for nonlinear association&lt;0.01). Similar associations were found for non-BC death. Obese but not underweight was associated with increased risk of BC death (HR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36) and recurrence (HR=1.11; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.26). When examining finer obesity categories, the morbidly obese women had the greatest risk for all outcomes (overall death HR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.48, 2.45; non-BC death HR= 3.27; 95% CI: 2.25, 4.77; BC death HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.06; recurrence HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.71). No effect modification was observed by menopausal status, hormone receptor status, chemotherapy, and smoking. In all analyses, overweight women had similar risk of outcomes compared to normal-weight women.

Discussion: In this large pooling study of nearly 15,000 BC survivors, we found that the association between BMI and BC outcomes, specifically overall death and non-BC death, was U shaped with both underweight and obese women at greatest risk. Morbidly obese women were at even greater risk compared to other obesity groups. Maintaining a healthy weight throughout adult life may be beneficial for BC prognosis and survival.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-02.

Brain infarction as the initial presentation of primary posterior mediastinal seminoma

A 40-year-old man was admitted with acute onset of slurred speech and right hemiparesis. Cerebral infarction was diagnosed from magnetic resonance (MR) images. Chest X-ray incidentally revealed a posterior mediastinal tumour, which proved to be seminoma on CT-guided biopsy. The patient then received chemotherapy. Five months later, right upper limb weakness and slurred speech occurred again. Brain MR images revealed two metastatic lesions in the prior infarct areas, which on histology proved to be metastatic seminoma.

[Analysis of variation trends of thyroid cancer treated in Tianjin Cancer Hospital form 1954 to 2009]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate and analyze the variation trends in the pathological composition of thyroid cancer patients treated in Tianjin Cancer Hospital from 1954 to 2009.

METHODS

To retrospectively analyze the incidence and clinical features of different pathological types of thyroid cancers in 4342 patients between different time periods from 1954 to 2009.

RESULTS

In the four main pathological types of thyroid cancers, the component ratio of papillary thyroid cancer in every period was 68.1%, 78.3%, 81.3%, 82.1%, 85.8%, respectively, while the morbidity of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma concurrent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was increased, so was the proportion of tumors in diameter < or = 2 cm. The proportion of follicular thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was decreasing accordingly; however, the proportion of medullary thyroid carcinoma did not change significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

The pathological classification of the thyroid carcinoma patients has significant changes in the 4342 cases treated in our Hospital from 1954 to 2009. The proportion of papillary carcinoma is increased, while that of follicular carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma is decreased. The reasons might attribute to the improved level of consultations and iodized diet or other factors.

Formation of Ge quantum dots array in layer-cake technique for advanced photovoltaics

We report a simple and manageable growth method for placing dense three-dimensional Ge quantum dot (QD) arrays in a uniform or a graded size distribution, based on thermally oxidizing stacked poly-SiGe in a layer-cake technique. The QD size and spatial density in each stack can be modulated by conditions of the Ge content in poly-Si(1-x)Ge(x), oxidation, and the underlay buffer layer. Size-dependent internal structure, strain, and photoluminescence properties of Ge QDs are systematically investigated. Optimization of the processing conditions could be carried out for producing dense Ge QD arrays to maximize photovoltaic efficiency.

[Effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on EPCs function]

OBJECTIVE

To observe the effect on EPCs function by Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction.

METHODS

After induced by serial concentrations of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction-contained serum (XZDCS) and blank serum, EPCs proliferation, migration, adhesion and uptake function were detected by MTT, Boyden chamber, adhesion and uptake of ac-LDL respectively.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, 15% and 10% XZDCS could elevate the cell regeneration for 24 h and 48 h respectively. Both concentrations could improve the EPCs migration and adhesion for all 24, 48, 72 h and uptake of ac-LDL only 48 h. But 10% XZDCS could last effect on uptake of ac-LDL to 72 h and 5% XZDCS converted the inhibition of cell adhesion in the first 24 h to promotion in the next 48 - 72 h.

CONCLUSION

Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction could induce EPCs differentiation into EC to angiogenesis by promoting its proliferation, migration, adhesion and uptake function.