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Yu X, Liu J, Bauer A, Wei X, Smith S, Ning S, Wang C. Enhancing tumor endothelial permeability using MUC18-targeted gold nanorods and mild hyperthermia. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:101-109. [PMID: 39018803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect, an elevated accumulation of drugs and nanoparticles in tumors versus in normal tissues, is a widely used concept in the field of cancer therapy. It assumes that the vasculature of solid tumors would possess abnormal, leaky endothelial cell barriers, allowing easy access of intravenous-delivered drugs and nanoparticles to tumor regions. However, the EPR effect is not always effective owing to the heterogeneity of tumor endothelium over time, location, and species. Herein, we introduce a unique nanoparticle-based approach, using MUC18-targeted gold nanorods coupled with mild hyperthermia, to specifically enhance tumor endothelial permeability. This improves the efficacy of traditional cancer therapy including photothermal therapy and anticancer drug delivery by increasing the transport of photo-absorbers and drugs across the tumor endothelium. Using single cell imaging tools and classic analytical approaches in molecular biology, we demonstrate that MUC18-targeted gold nanorods and mild hyperthermia enlarge the intercellular gaps of tumor endothelium by inducing circumferential actin remodeling, stress fiber formation, and cell contraction of adjacent endothelial cells. Considering MUC18 is overexpressed on a variety of tumor endothelium and cancer cells, this approach paves a new avenue to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by actively enhancing the tumor endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Aaron Bauer
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Xianqing Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Shipeng Ning
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA.
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2
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Lan BQ, Wang YJ, Yu SX, Liu W, Liu YJ. Physical effects of 3-D microenvironments on confined cell behaviors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C1192-C1201. [PMID: 39246142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00288.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental and functional cellular process, influenced by a complex microenvironment consisting of different cells and extracellular matrix. Recent research has highlighted that, besides biochemical cues from the microenvironment, physical cues can also greatly alter cellular behavior. However, due to the complexity of the microenvironment, little is known about how the physical interactions between migrating cells and surrounding microenvironment instructs cell movement. Here, we explore various examples of three-dimensional microenvironment reconstruction models in vitro and describe how the physical interplay between migrating cells and the neighboring microenvironment controls cell behavior. Understanding this mechanical cooperation will provide key insights into organ development, regeneration, and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Qiong Lan
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, the People's Republic of China
| | - Sai-Xi Yu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, the People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, the People's Republic of China
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3
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Behrooz AB, Shojaei S. Mechanistic insights into mesenchymal-amoeboid transition as an intelligent cellular adaptation in cancer metastasis and resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167332. [PMID: 38960056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Malignant cell plasticity is an important hallmark of tumor biology and crucial for metastasis and resistance. Cell plasticity lets cancer cells adapt to and escape the therapeutic strategies, which is the leading cause of cancer patient mortality. Epithelial cells acquire mobility via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas mesenchymal cells enhance their migratory ability and clonogenic potential by acquiring amoeboid characteristics through mesenchymal-amoeboid transition (MAT). Tumor formation, progression, and metastasis depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex ecosystem within and around a tumor. Through increased migration and metastasis of cancer cells, the TME also contributes to malignancy. This review underscores the distinction between invasion pattern morphological manifestations and the diverse structures found within the TME. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which amoeboid-associated characteristics promote resistance and metastasis and how these mechanisms may represent therapeutic opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Max Rady College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Max Rady College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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4
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Xiao C, Xie N, Shu Q, Liang X, Wang Z, Wu J, Shi N, Huang X, Wei ZC, Gao X, Liu H, Wu K, Xu J, Wang JH, Liu N, Xu F. Synergistic Effects of Matrix Biophysical Properties on Gastric Cancer Cell Behavior via Integrin-Mediated Cell-ECM Interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309907. [PMID: 38712486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a pivotal role in modulating cancer progression via cell-ECM interactions. However, the biophysical properties specific to gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unexplored. Pertinently, GC ECM shows significantly heterogeneous metamorphoses, such as matrix stiffening and intricate restructuring. By combining collagen I and alginate, this study designs an in vitro biomimetic hydrogel platform to independently modulate matrix stiffness and structure across a physiological stiffness spectrum while preserving consistent collagen concentration and fiber topography. With this platform, this study assesses the impacts of matrix biophysical properties on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and other pivotal dynamics of AGS. The findings spotlight a compelling interplay between matrix stiffness and structure, influencing both cellular responses and ECM remodeling. Furthermore, this investigation into the integrin/actin-collagen interplay reinforces the central role of integrins in mediating cell-ECM interactions, reciprocally sculpting cell conduct, and ECM adaptation. Collectively, this study reveals a previously unidentified role of ECM biophysical properties in GC malignant potential and provides insight into the bidirectional mechanical cell-ECM interactions, which may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiru Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Nianyuan Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xindi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Cao Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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5
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Suh YJ, Li AT, Pandey M, Nordmann CS, Huang YL, Wu M. Decoding physical principles of cell migration under controlled environment using microfluidics. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:031302. [PMID: 39091432 PMCID: PMC11290890 DOI: 10.1063/5.0199161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Living cells can perform incredible tasks that man-made micro/nano-sized robots have not yet been able to accomplish. One example is that white blood cells can sense and move to the site of pathogen attack within minutes. The robustness and precision of cellular functions have been perfected through billions of years of evolution. In this context, we ask the question whether cells follow a set of physical principles to sense, adapt, and migrate. Microfluidics has emerged as an enabling technology for recreating well-defined cellular environment for cell migration studies, and its ability to follow single cell dynamics allows for the results to be amenable for theoretical modeling. In this review, we focus on the development of microfluidic platforms for recreating cellular biophysical (e.g., mechanical stress) and biochemical (e.g., nutrients and cytokines) environments for cell migration studies in 3D. We summarize the basic principles that cells (including bacteria, algal, and mammalian cells) use to respond to chemical gradients learned from microfluidic systems. We also discuss about novel biological insights gained from studies of cell migration under biophysical cues and the need for further quantitative studies of cell function under well-controlled biophysical environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Suh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Alan T. Li
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mrinal Pandey
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Cassidy S. Nordmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yu Ling Huang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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6
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Wang C, Xu Z, Ma X, Yin Y, Cheng B, Dong Y. Exploration of Curvature and Stiffness Dual-Regulated Breast Cancer Cell Motility by a Motor-Clutch Model and Cell Traction Force Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44549-44560. [PMID: 39140610 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The migration of breast cancer cells is the main cause of death and significantly regulated by physical factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To be specific, the curvature and stiffness of the ECM were discovered to effectively guide cell migration in velocity and direction. However, it is not clear what the extent of effect is when these dual-physical factors regulate cell migration. Moreover, the mechanobiology mechanism of breast cancer cell migration in the molecular level and analysis of cell traction force (CTF) are also important, but there is a lack of systematic investigation. Therefore, we employed a microfluidic platform to construct hydrogel microspheres with an independently adjustable curvature and stiffness as a three-dimensional substrate for breast cancer cell migration. We found that the cell migration velocity was negatively correlated to curvature and positively correlated to stiffness. In addition, curvature was investigated to influence the focal adhesion expression as well as the assignment of F-actin at the molecular level. Further, with the help of a motor-clutch mathematical model and hydrogel microsphere stress sensors, it was concluded that cells perceived physical factors (curvature and stiffness) to cause changes in CTF, which ultimately regulated cell motility. In summary, we employed a theoretical model (motor-clutch) and experimental strategy (stress sensors) to understand the mechanism of curvature and stiffness regulating breast cancer cell motility. These results provide evidence of force driven cancer cell migration by ECM physical factors and explain the mechanism from the perspective of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xingquan Ma
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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7
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Lee JWN, Holle AW. Engineering approaches for understanding mechanical memory in cancer metastasis. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:021503. [PMID: 38605886 PMCID: PMC11008915 DOI: 10.1063/5.0194539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding cancer metastasis is crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies and improving clinical outcomes. Cancer cells face dynamic changes in their mechanical microenvironment that occur on timescales ranging from minutes to years and exhibit a spectrum of cellular transformations in response to these mechanical cues. A crucial facet of this adaptive response is the concept of mechanical memory, in which mechanosensitive cell behavior and function persists even when mechanical cues are altered. This review explores the evolving mechanical landscape during metastasis, emphasizing the significance of mechanical memory and its influence on cell behavior. We then focus on engineering techniques that are being utilized to probe mechanical memory of cancer cells. Finally, we highlight promising translational approaches poised to harness mechanical memory for new therapies, thereby advancing the frontiers of bioengineering applications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen Nicole Lee
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Lu J, Chen XZ, Liu Y, Liu YJ, Liu B. Trends in confinement-induced cell migration and multi-omics analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2107-2115. [PMID: 38135761 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential manner of different cell lines that are involved in embryological development, immune responses, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in vivo. Physical confinement derived from crowded tissue microenvironments has pivotal effects on migratory behaviors. Distinct migration modes under a heterogeneous extracellular matrix (ECM) have been extensively studied, uncovering potential molecular mechanisms involving a series of biological processes. Significantly, multi-omics strategies have been launched to provide multi-angle views of complex biological phenomena, facilitating comprehensive insights into molecular regulatory networks during cell migration. In this review, we describe biomimetic devices developed to explore the migratory behaviors of cells induced by different types of confined microenvironments in vitro. We also discuss the results of multi-omics analysis of intrinsic molecular alterations and critical pathway dysregulations of cell migration under heterogeneous microenvironments, highlighting the significance of physical confinement-triggered intracellular signal transduction in order to regulate cellular behaviors. Finally, we discuss both the challenges and promise of mechanistic analysis in confinement-induced cell migration, promoting the development of early diagnosis and precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Lu
- Department of ChemistryState Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological HospitalShanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui HospitalFudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Zhu Chen
- Department of ChemistryState Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological HospitalShanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui HospitalFudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of ChemistryState Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological HospitalShanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui HospitalFudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of ChemistryState Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological HospitalShanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui HospitalFudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of ChemistryState Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological HospitalShanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui HospitalFudan University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Liu J, Yu X, Braucht A, Smith S, Wang C. N-Cadherin Targeted Melanin Nanoparticles Reverse the Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Vascular Endothelial Cells to Potentially Slow the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8229-8247. [PMID: 38427686 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) of vascular endothelial cells has recently been considered as a key player in the early progression of a variety of vascular and nonvascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and organ fibrosis. However, current strategies attempting to identify pharmacological inhibitors to block the regulatory pathways of EndoMT suffer from poor selectivity, unwanted side effects, and a heterogeneous response from endothelial cells with different origins. Furthermore, EndoMT inhibitors focus on preventing EndoMT, leaving the endothelial cells that have already undergone EndoMT unresolved. Here, we report the design of a simple but powerful nanoparticle system (i.e., N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles) to convert cytokine-activated, mesenchymal-like endothelial cells back to their original endothelial phenotype. We term this process "Reversed EndoMT" (R-EndoMT). R-EndoMT allows the impaired endothelial barriers to recover their quiescence and intactness, with significantly reduced leukocyte and cancer cell adhesion and transmigration, which could potentially stop atheromatous plaque formation and cancer metastasis in the early stages. R-EndoMT is achieved on different endothelial cell types originating from arteries, veins, and capillaries, independent of activating cytokines. We reveal that N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles reverse EndoMT by downregulating an N-cadherin dependent RhoA activation pathway. Overall, this approach offers a different prospect to treat multiple EndoMT-associated diseases by designing nanoparticles to reverse the phenotypical transition of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Xiao Yu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Annaliese Braucht
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
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10
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Liu Y, Zhao T, Xu Z, Dai N, Zhao Q, Liang Y, Geng S, Lei M, Xu F, Wang L, Cheng B. Influence of Curvature on Cell Motility and Morphology during Cancer Migration in Confined Microchannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9956-9967. [PMID: 38349958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Microchannels often serve as highways for cancer migration, and their topology largely determines the migration efficiency. Curvature, a topological parameter in biological systems, has recently been reported to be efficient in guiding cell polarization and migration. Curvature varies widely along curved microchannels, while its influence on cell migration remains elusive. Here, we recapitulated the curved microchannels, as observed in clinical tumor tissues with hydrogels, and studied how cancer cells respond to curvature. We found that cells bend more significantly in a larger curvature and exhibit less spreading as well as lower motility. The underlying mechanism is probably based on the hindrance of the movement of cytoskeletal molecules at the curved microchannel walls. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the accelerated actin retrograde flow rate under local curvature has an effective negative regulation on cell motility and morphology, leading to shortened and bent cell morphologies as well as hampered cell migration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Ningman Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Yutong Liang
- College of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-aging Health Product Development and Transformation Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
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11
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Heilala M, Lehtonen A, Arasalo O, Peura A, Pokki J, Ikkala O, Nonappa, Klefström J, Munne PM. Fibrin Stiffness Regulates Phenotypic Plasticity of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301137. [PMID: 37671812 PMCID: PMC11469292 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM)-regulated phenotypic plasticity is crucial for metastatic progression of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). While ECM faithful cell-based models are available for in situ and invasive tumors, such as cell aggregate cultures in reconstituted basement membrane and in collagenous gels, there are no ECM faithful models for metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Such models are essential to represent the stage of metastasis where clinical relevance and therapeutic opportunities are significant. Here, CTC-like DU4475 TNBC cells are cultured in mechanically tunable 3D fibrin hydrogels. This is motivated, as in circulation fibrin aids CTC survival by forming a protective coating reducing shear stress and immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity and promotes several stages of late metastatic processes at the interface between circulation and tissue. This work shows that fibrin hydrogels support DU4475 cell growth, resulting in spheroid formation. Furthermore, increasing fibrin stiffness from 57 to 175 Pa leads to highly motile, actin and tubulin containing cellular protrusions, which are associated with specific cell morphology and gene expression patterns that markedly differ from basement membrane or suspension cultures. Thus, mechanically tunable fibrin gels reveal specific matrix-based regulation of TNBC cell phenotype and offer scaffolds for CTC-like cells with better mechano-biological properties than liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Heilala
- Department of Applied PhysicsAalto UniversityP.O. Box 15100AaltoEspooFI‐00076Finland
| | - Arttu Lehtonen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and AutomationAalto UniversityP.O. Box 12200AaltoEspooFI‐00076Finland
| | - Ossi Arasalo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and AutomationAalto UniversityP.O. Box 12200AaltoEspooFI‐00076Finland
| | - Aino Peura
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN SouthHelsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry LaboratoryTranslational Cancer MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8)Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Juho Pokki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and AutomationAalto UniversityP.O. Box 12200AaltoEspooFI‐00076Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied PhysicsAalto UniversityP.O. Box 15100AaltoEspooFI‐00076Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesTampere UniversityP.O. Box 541TampereFI‐33720Finland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN SouthHelsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry LaboratoryTranslational Cancer MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8)Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Pauliina M. Munne
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN SouthHelsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry LaboratoryTranslational Cancer MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8)Helsinki00014Finland
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12
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Li X, Liu S, Han S, Sun Q, Yang J, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang X, Li Q, Wang J. Dynamic Stiffening Hydrogel with Instructive Stiffening Timing Modulates Stem Cell Fate In Vitro and Enhances Bone Remodeling In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300326. [PMID: 37643370 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical stimuli derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) extremely tune stem cell fate through 3D and spatiotemporal changes in vivo. The matrix stiffness is a crucial factor during bone tissue development. However, most in vitro models to study the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are static or stiffening in a 2D environment. Here, a dynamic and controllable stiffening 3D biomimetic model is created to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs with a dual-functional gelatin macromer that can generate a double-network hydrogel by sequential enzymatic and light-triggered crosslinking reactions. The findings show that these dynamic hydrogels allowed cells to spread and expand prior to the secondary crosslinking and to sense high stiffness after stiffening. The MSCs in the dynamic hydrogels, especially the hydrogel stiffened at the late period, present significantly elevated osteogenic ECM secretion, gene expression, and nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). In vivo evaluation of animal experiments further indicates that the enhancement of dynamic stiffening on osteogenesis of MSCs substantially promotes bone remodeling. Consequently, this work reveals that the 3D dynamic stiffening microenvironment as a critical biophysical cue not only mediates the stem cell fate in vitro, but also augments bone restoration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongchao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianglin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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13
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Kim Y, Tram LTH, Kim KA, Kim BC. Defining Integrin Tension Required for Chemotaxis of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells in Confinement. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202747. [PMID: 37256848 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is affected by chemical factors and physical cues. From cell adhesion to migration, mechanical tension applied to integrin expresses on the cell membrane and physical confinement significantly regulates cancer cell behaviors. Despite the physical interplay between integrins in cells and ligands in the tumor microenvironment, quantitative analysis of integrin tension during cancer cell migration in microconfined spaces remains elusive owing to the limited experimental tools. Herein, a platform termed microconfinement tension gauge tether to monitor spatial integrin tension with single-molecule precision by analyzing the epithelial-growth-factor-induced chemotaxis of metastatic human breast cancer cells in microfluidic channels is developed. The results reveal that the metastatic cancer cells exert the strongest integrin tension in the range of 54-100 pN at the leading edges of cells during chemokinetic migration on a planar surface, while the cells exert the strongest integrin tension exceeding 100 pN at the cell rear when entering microconfinement. Further analysis demonstrates that cells undergo mesenchymal migration under high integrin tension and less confinement, which is converted to amoeboid migration under low integrin tension or high confinement. In summary, the results identify a basic mechanism underlying the mechanical interactions between integrin tension and microenvironment that determines cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kim
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Hong Tram
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Kim
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Choul Kim
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang YJ, Liang H, Liu Y, Bao Q, Yang S, Xu XX, Chen YC, Liu W, Shi X, Shi Y, Liu X, Liu B, Gao H, Jiu Y, Liu YJ. Lamin A/C and Vimentin as a Coordinated Regulator during Amoeboid Migration in Microscale Confined Microenvironments. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6727-6735. [PMID: 37459599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration occurs in confined microenvironments, which plays a vital role in the process of tumor metastasis. However, it is challenging to study their behaviors in vivo. Here we developed a cell squeeze system that can be scaled down to micrometers to mimic native physical confined microenvironments, wherein degrees of surface adhesion and mechanical constraints could be manipulated in order to investigate cell-migrating behaviors. Based on the microscale cell squeeze system, we found the synergistic role of lamin A/C and vimentin in cell transition and migration under strong confinement. The dynamic variations in lamin A/C and vimentin expression establish a positive feedback loop in response to confinement, effectively promoting amoeboid migration by modulating nuclear deformability while ensuring cell viability. This work shed light on modulating cell response to microenvironments by altering the expression of lamin A/C and/or vimentin, which may be a more efficient way of inhibiting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuheng Shi
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai Gao
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Kamei R, Hosomi T, Kanai M, Kanao E, Liu J, Takahashi T, Li W, Tanaka W, Nagashima K, Nakano K, Otsuka K, Kubo T, Yanagida T. Rational Strategy for Space-Confined Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23931-23937. [PMID: 37155349 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers excellent controllability of spatial uniformity, film thickness at the Angstrom level, and film composition even for high-aspect-ratio nanostructured surfaces, which are rarely attainable by other conventional deposition methodologies. Although ALD has been successfully applied to various substrates under open-top circumstances, the applicability of ALD to confined spaces has been limited because of the inherent difficulty of supplying precursors into confined spaces. Here, we propose a rational methodology to apply ALD growths to confined spaces (meter-long microtubes with an aspect ratio of up to 10 000). The ALD system, which can generate differential pressures to confined spaces, was newly developed. By using this ALD system, it is possible to deposit TiOx layers onto the inner surface of capillary tubes with a length of 1000 mm and an inner diameter of 100 μm with spatial deposition uniformity. Furthermore, we show the superior thermal and chemical robustness of TiOx-coated capillary microtubes for molecular separations when compared to conventional molecule-coated capillary microtubes. Thus, the present rational strategy of space-confined ALD offers a useful approach to design the chemical and physical properties of the inner surfaces of various confined spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Kamei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanai
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jiangyang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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16
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Tang RZ, Liu XQ. Biophysical cues of in vitro biomaterials-based artificial extracellular matrix guide cancer cell plasticity. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100607. [PMID: 36960095 PMCID: PMC10027567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence supports a role for the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer plasticity across multiple tumor types. The lack of in vitro models that represent the native ECMs is a significant challenge for cancer research and drug discovery. Therefore, a major motivation for developing new tumor models is to create the artificial ECM in vitro. Engineered biomaterials can closely mimic the architectural and mechanical properties of ECM to investigate their specific effects on cancer progression, offering an alternative to animal models for the testing of cancer cell behaviors. In this review, we focused on the biomaterials from different sources applied in the fabrication of the artificial ECM and their biophysical cues to recapitulate key features of tumor niche. Furthermore, we summarized how the distinct biophysical cues guided cell behaviors of cancer plasticity, including morphology, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs), proliferation, migration/invasion and drug resistance. We also discuss the future opportunities in using the artificial ECM for applications of tumorigenesis research and precision medicine, as well as provide useful messages of principles for designing suitable biomaterial scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, PR China
| | - Xi-Qiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
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17
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Stöberl S, Balles M, Kellerer T, Rädler JO. Photolithographic microfabrication of hydrogel clefts for cell invasion studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1886-1895. [PMID: 36867426 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01105k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of migrating cells into surrounding tissue plays a key role in cancer metastasis and immune response. In order to assess invasiveness, most in vitro invasion assays measure the degree to which cells migrate between microchambers that provide a chemoattractant gradient across a polymeric membrane with defined pores. However, in real tissue cells experience soft, mechanically deformable microenvironments. Here we introduce RGD-functionalized hydrogel structures that present pressurized clefts for invasive migration of cells between reservoirs maintaining a chemotactic gradient. Using UV-photolithography, equally spaced blocks of polyethylene glycol-norbornene (PEG-NB) hydrogels are formed, which subsequently swell and close the interjacent gaps. The swelling ratio and final contours of the hydrogel blocks were determined using confocal microscopy confirming a swelling induced closure of the structures. The velocity profile of cancer cells transmigrating through the clefts, which we name 'sponge clamp', is found to depend on the elastic modulus as well as the gap size between the swollen blocks. The 'sponge clamp' discriminates the invasiveness of two distinct cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HT-1080. The approach provides soft 3D-microstructures mimicking invasion conditions in extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stöberl
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Miriam Balles
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kellerer
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Applied Science and Mechatronics, University of Applied Science, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Zhang F, Zhang R, Wei M, Li G. A machine learning based approach for quantitative evaluation of cell migration in Transwell assays based on deformation characteristics. Analyst 2023; 148:1371-1382. [PMID: 36857714 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Many pathological and physiological processes, including embryonic development, immune response and cancer metastasis, involve studies on cell migration, and especially detection methods, for which it is difficult to satisfy the requirements for rapid and quantitative evaluation and analysis. In view of the shortcomings in simultaneously quantifying the number of migrated cells and non-migrated cells using Transwell assays, we propose a novelty approach for the evaluation of cell migration by distinguishing whether the cells have migrated based on the regularity of the cell morphology changes. Traditionally, the status of living cells and dead cells are detected and analyzed by machine learning using some common morphological characteristics, e.g., area and perimeter of the cells. However, the accuracy of detecting whether cells have migrated or not using these common characteristics is not high, and the characteristics are not appropriate for our studies. Therefore, from the point of view of mechanism analysis for the migration behavior, we examined the regularity of different morphology changes of migrated cells and non-migrated cells, and thus discovered the distinguishable morphological characteristics. Then, two deformation characteristics, deformation index and taper index are proposed. Then, a machine learning based algorithm that can identify migrated cells according to the proposed deformation characteristics was devised. In addition, images of migrated cells and non-migrated cells were obtained from the Transwell assays. This algorithm was trained, and was able to successfully identify migrated cells with an accuracy of 84% using the proposed morphological characteristics. This method greatly improves the identification accuracy when compared with the identification of traditional characteristics of which the accuracy was about 54.7%. This machine learning based method might be employed as a potential tool for cell counting and evaluation of cell migration with the aim of reducing time and improving automation compared with the traditional method. This method is effective, rapid, and incorporate advances in artificial intelligence which could be used for adapting the current evaluation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Rongbiao Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Mingji Wei
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Guoxiao Li
- School of Information Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400, China
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19
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Liu J, Smith S, Wang C. Photothermal Attenuation of Cancer Cell Stemness, Chemoresistance, and Migration Using CD44-Targeted MoS 2 Nanosheets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1989-1999. [PMID: 36827209 PMCID: PMC10497231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play key roles in chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and clinical relapse. However, current CSC inhibitors lack specificity, efficacy, and applicability to different cancers. Herein, we introduce a nanomaterial-based approach to photothermally induce the differentiation of CSCs, termed "photothermal differentiation", leading to the attenuation of cancer cell stemness, chemoresistance, and metastasis. MoS2 nanosheets and a moderate photothermal treatment were applied to target a CSC surface receptor (i.e., CD44) and modulate its downstream signaling pathway. This treatment forces the more stem-like cancer cells to lose the mesenchymal phenotype and adopt an epithelial, less stem-like state, which shows attenuated self-renewal capacity, more response to anticancer drugs, and less invasiveness. This approach could be applicable to various cancers due to the broad availability of the CD44 biomarker. The concept of using photothermal nanomaterials to regulate specific cellular activities driving the differentiation of CSCs offers a new avenue for treating refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
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20
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Hong X, Xu Y, Pang SW. Enhanced motility and interaction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with epithelial cells in confined microwells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:511-524. [PMID: 36632832 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts are two important cues to altering cell migration behavior and the tumor formation process. In this work, we designed and fabricated microwell arrays with a grating-patterned bottom in polydimethylsiloxane platforms to systematically study the effects of confinement, changes in topography, and cell-cell contacts on the migration behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC43) and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial (NP460) cells by time-lapse imaging. When two types of cells were co-cultured in microwells, the migration speed and spreading area of NPC43 cells were significantly increased, which might be attributed to the heterotypic cell-cell contacts with NP460 cells. On a flat surface, NPC43 cells could not form clusters due to the frequent interruptions by the active movements of NP460 cells. However, in 3D microwell arrays, clusters of NPC43 cells formed on the bottom surface while the majority of NP460 cells migrated onto the sidewalls. These cell clusters could be further processed to form spheroids for drug screening. These results also revealed that the 3D microenvironments and cell-cell contacts could have significant implications for NPC cell migration and initiation of tumor formation, which will provide insight for NPC progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuanhao Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Stella W Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Peng L, Hu K, Gu N. Stress Relaxation-Induced Colon Tumor Multicellular Spheroid Culture Based on Biomimetic Hydrogel for Nanoenzyme Ferroptosis Sensitization Evaluation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202009. [PMID: 36300602 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently become a research hotspot, and the induction of tumor cell ferroptosis has emerged as a powerful method for tumor therapy. However, the efficiency of tumor cell ferroptosis induction remains unmet for clinical use, which may be attributed to the large discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo models. To address this issue, in this study, a hydrogel platform with stress relaxation is utilized to develop a multicellular spheroid model of the DLD1 colon cancer cell line through cancer cell self-organization. The spheroids are highly similar to real tumor tissue, and ferroptosis resistance at the transcriptional, protein, and cellular levels. Collaboration of the ferroptosis induction reagent erastin and the nanoenzyme MnZnFe2 O4 @PEG-COOH to overcome the ferroptosis resistance of the spheroids is also demonstrated. Taken together, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of the model developed using this hydrogel platform for further mechanistic studies, and for the assessment of novel cancer treatment strategies based on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Liyi Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211103, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211103, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211103, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
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22
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Bouchalova P, Bouchal P. Current methods for studying metastatic potential of tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:394. [PMID: 36494720 PMCID: PMC9733110 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasiveness significantly contribute to desirable physiological processes, such as wound healing or embryogenesis, as well as to serious pathological processes such as the spread of cancer cells to form tumor metastasis. The availability of appropriate methods for studying these processes is essential for understanding the molecular basis of cancer metastasis and for identifying suitable therapeutic targets for anti-metastatic treatment. This review summarizes the current status of these methods: In vitro methods for studying cell migration involve two-dimensional (2D) assays (wound-healing/scratch assay), and methods based on chemotaxis (the Dunn chamber). The analysis of both cell migration and invasiveness in vitro require more complex systems based on the Boyden chamber principle (Transwell migration/invasive test, xCELLigence system), or microfluidic devices with three-dimensional (3D) microscopy visualization. 3D culture techniques are rapidly becoming routine and involve multicellular spheroid invasion assays or array chip-based, spherical approaches, multi-layer/multi-zone culture, or organoid non-spherical models, including multi-organ microfluidic chips. The in vivo methods are mostly based on mice, allowing genetically engineered mice models and transplant models (syngeneic mice, cell line-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts including humanized mice models). These methods currently represent a solid basis for the state-of-the art research that is focused on understanding metastatic fundamentals as well as the development of targeted anti-metastatic therapies, and stratified treatment in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bouchalova
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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23
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Vasudevan J, Jiang K, Fernandez J, Lim CT. Extracellular matrix mechanobiology in cancer cell migration. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:351-364. [PMID: 36243367 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is pivotal in modulating tumor progression. Besides chemically stimulating tumor cells, it also offers physical support that orchestrates the sequence of events in the metastatic cascade upon dynamically modulating cell mechanosensation. Understanding this translation between matrix biophysical cues and intracellular signaling has led to rapid growth in the interdisciplinary field of cancer mechanobiology in the last decade. Substantial efforts have been made to develop novel in vitro tumor mimicking platforms to visualize and quantify the mechanical forces within the tissue that dictate tumor cell invasion and metastatic growth. This review highlights recent findings on tumor matrix biophysical cues such as fibrillar arrangement, crosslinking density, confinement, rigidity, topography, and non-linear mechanics and their implications on tumor cell behavior. We also emphasize how perturbations in these cues alter cellular mechanisms of mechanotransduction, consequently enhancing malignancy. Finally, we elucidate engineering techniques to individually emulate the mechanical properties of tumors that could help serve as toolkits for developing and testing ECM-targeted therapeutics on novel bioengineered tumor platforms. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Disrupted ECM mechanics is a driving force for transitioning incipient cells to life-threatening malignant variants. Understanding these ECM changes can be crucial as they may aid in developing several efficacious drugs that not only focus on inducing cytotoxic effects but also target specific matrix mechanical cues that support and enhance tumor invasiveness. Designing and implementing an optimal tumor mimic can allow us to predictively map biophysical cue-modulated cell behaviors and facilitate the design of improved lab-grown tumor models with accurately controlled structural features. This review focuses on the abnormal changes within the ECM during tumorigenesis and its implications on tumor cell-matrix mechanoreciprocity. Additionally, it accentuates engineering approaches to produce ECM features of varying levels of complexity which is critical for improving the efficiency of current engineered tumor tissue models.
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24
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Sala F, Ficorella C, Osellame R, Käs JA, Martínez Vázquez R. Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for Studies of Cell Migration under Spatial Confinement. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080604. [PMID: 36004998 PMCID: PMC9405557 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cell migration is a key step in unraveling many physiological phenomena and predicting several pathologies, such as cancer metastasis. In particular, confinement has been proven to be a key factor in the cellular migration strategy choice. As our insight in the field improves, new tools are needed in order to empower biologists’ analysis capabilities. In this framework, microfluidic devices have been used to engineer the mechanical and spatial stimuli and to investigate cellular migration response in a more controlled way. In this work, we will review the existing technologies employed in the realization of microfluidic cellular migration assays, namely the soft lithography of PDMS and hydrogels and femtosecond laser micromachining. We will give an overview of the state of the art of these devices, focusing on the different geometrical configurations that have been exploited to study specific aspects of cellular migration. Our scope is to highlight the advantages and possibilities given by each approach and to envisage the future developments in in vitro migration studies under spatial confinement in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sala
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ficorella
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Josef A. Käs
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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25
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Xing F, Yin HM, Zhe M, Xie JC, Duan X, Xu JZ, Xiang Z, Li ZM. Nanotopographical 3D-Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds Enhance Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Urine-Derived Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071437. [PMID: 35890332 PMCID: PMC9317219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
3D-printing technology can be used to construct personalized bone substitutes with customized shapes, but it cannot regulate the topological morphology of the scaffold surface, which plays a vital role in regulating the biological behaviors of stem cells. In addition, stem cells are able to sense the topographical and mechanical cues of surface of scaffolds by mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. In our study, we fabricated a 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold with a nanotopographical surface and loaded it with urine-derived stem cells (USCs) for application of bone regeneration. The topological 3D-printed PCL scaffolds (TPS) fabricated by surface epiphytic crystallization, possessed uniformly patterned nanoridges, of which the element composition and functional groups of nanoridges were the same as PCL. Compared with bare 3D-printed PCL scaffolds (BPS), TPS have a higher ability for protein adsorption and mineralization in vitro. The proliferation, cell length, and osteogenic gene expression of USCs on the surface of TPS were significantly higher than that of BPS. In addition, the TPS loaded with USCs exhibited a good ability for bone regeneration in cranial bone defects. Our study demonstrated that nanotopographical 3D-printed scaffolds loaded with USCs are a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.X.); (Z.X.)
| | - Hua-Mo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.-M.Y.); (Z.-M.L.)
| | - Man Zhe
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Ji-Chang Xie
- Laboratoire Roberval, FRE UTC-CNRS 2012, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS60319, CEDEX, 60203 Compiègne, France;
| | - Xin Duan
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.X.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (J.-Z.X.)
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.-M.Y.); (Z.-M.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (J.-Z.X.)
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.X.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (H.-M.Y.); (Z.-M.L.)
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26
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Zhang T, Jia Y, Yu Y, Zhang B, Xu F, Guo H. Targeting the tumor biophysical microenvironment to reduce resistance to immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114319. [PMID: 35545136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has evolved into a new pillar of cancer treatment in clinics, but dealing with treatment resistance (either primary or acquired) is a major challenge. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a substantial impact on the pathological behaviors and treatment response of many cancers. The biophysical clues in TME have recently been considered as important characteristics of cancer. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that biophysical cues in TME play important roles in each step of the cascade of cancer immunotherapy that synergistically contribute to immunotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarize five main biophysical cues in TME that affect resistance to immunotherapy: extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, ECM stiffness, tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), solid stress, and vascular shear stress. First, the biophysical factors involved in anti-tumor immunity and therapeutic antibody delivery processes are reviewed. Then, the causes of these five biophysical cues and how they contribute to immunotherapy resistance are discussed. Finally, the latest treatment strategies that aim to improve immunotherapy efficacy by targeting these biophysical cues are shared. This review highlights the biophysical cues that lead to immunotherapy resistance, also supplements their importance in related technologies for studying TME biophysical cues in vitro and therapeutic strategies targeting biophysical cues to improve the effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Jia
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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27
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Mehta P, Rahman Z, Ten Dijke P, Boukany PE. Microfluidics meets 3D cancer cell migration. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:683-697. [PMID: 35568647 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An early step of metastasis requires a complex and coordinated migration of invasive tumor cells into the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which contains extracellular matrix (ECM). It is being appreciated that 3D matrix-based microfluidic models have an advantage over conventional in vitro and animal models to study tumor progression events. Recent microfluidic models have enabled recapitulation of key mechanobiological features present within the TME to investigate collective cancer cell migration and invasion. Microfluidics also allows for functional interrogation and therapeutic manipulation of specific steps to study the dynamic aspects of tumor progression. In this review, we focus on recent developments in cancer cell migration and how microfluidic strategies have evolved to address the physiological complexities of the TME to visualize migration modes adapted by various tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Mehta
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zaid Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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28
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Li X, Shi J, Gao Z, Xu J, Wang S, Li X, Ouyang Q, Luo C. Biophysical studies of cancer cells' traverse-vessel behaviors under different pressures revealed cells' motion state transition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7392. [PMID: 35513689 PMCID: PMC9072532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survive in the bloodstream and then seed and invade to foster tumor metastasis. The arrest of cancer cells is favored by permissive flow forces and geometrical constraints. Through the use of high-throughput microfluidic devices designed to mimic capillary-sized vessels, we applied pressure differences to cancer cells (MCF-7 cell line) and recorded the cell traverse-vessel behaviors. Our results showed that cancer cells transform from a Newtonian droplet state to an adhesion/migration state when cancer cells traverse artificial vessels. To explain these phenomena, a modified Newtonian droplet model was also proposed. These phenomena and the modified model may reveal how CTCs in the blood seed and invade vessels under suitable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Shi
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqing Gao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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29
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Liu Q, Muralidharan A, Saateh A, Ding Z, Ten Dijke P, Boukany PE. A Programmable Multifunctional 3D Cancer Cell Invasion Micro Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107757. [PMID: 35266306 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the research of cancer cell invasion and metastasis, recreation of physiologically relevant and faithful three-dimensional (3D) tumor models that recapitulate spatial architecture, spatiotemporal control of cell communication and signaling pathways, and integration of extracellular cues remains an open challenge. Here, a programmable multifunctional 3D cancer cell invasion microbuckets-hydrogel (Mb-H) platform is developed by integrating various function-variable microbuckets and extracellular matrix (ECM)-like hydrogels. Based on this Mb-H micro platform, the aggregation of multi-cancer cells is well controlled to form cancer cell spheroids, and the guiding relationship of single-cell migration and collective cell migration during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cell invasion are demonstrated. By programming and precisely assembling multiple functions in one system, the Mb-H platform with spatial-temporal controlled release of cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and various functionalized Mb-H platforms with intelligent adjustment of cell-matrix interactions are engineered to coordinate the 3D invasive migration of cancer cell spheroids. This programmable and adaptable 3D cancer cell invasion micro platform takes a new step toward mimicking the dynamically changing (localized) tumor microenvironment and exhibits wide potential applications in cancer research, bio-fabrication, cell signaling, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
- Guangzhou Laboratory, XingDaoHuanBei Road 9, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510005, P. R. China
| | - Aswin Muralidharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Abtin Saateh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Zhaoying Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
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30
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Zhou H, Wang M, Zhang Y, Su Q, Xie Z, Chen X, Yan R, Li P, Li T, Qin X, Yang H, Wu C, You F, Li S, Liu Y. Functions and clinical significance of mechanical tumor microenvironment: cancer cell sensing, mechanobiology and metastasis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:374-400. [PMID: 35470988 PMCID: PMC9118059 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and heterogeneous interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment fuels the occurrence, progression, invasion, and metastasis of solid tumors. In this process, the tumor microenvironment (TME) fractures cellular and matrix architecture normality through biochemical and mechanical means, abetting tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. Tumor cells sense and respond to the strength, direction, and duration of mechanical cues in the TME by various mechanotransduction pathways. However, far less understood is the comprehensive perspective of the functions and mechanisms of mechanotransduction. Due to the great therapeutic difficulties brought by the mechanical changes in the TME, emerging studies have focused on targeting the adverse mechanical factors in the TME to attenuate disease rather than conventionally targeting tumor cells themselves, which has been proven to be a potential therapeutic approach. In this review, we discussed the origins and roles of mechanical factors in the TME, cell sensing, mechano‐biological coupling and signal transduction, in vitro construction of the tumor mechanical microenvironment, applications and clinical significance in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Su
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxin Xie
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Fengming You
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P. R. China
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31
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High-cytocompatible semi-IPN bio-ink with wide molecular weight distribution for extrusion 3D bioprinting. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6349. [PMID: 35428800 PMCID: PMC9012805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D printing has recently attracted significant attention on constructing complex three-dimensional physiological microenvironments. However, it is very challenging to provide a bio-ink with cell-harmless and high mold accuracy during extrusion in 3D printing. To overcome this issue, a technique improving the shear-thinning performance of semi-IPN bio-ink, which is universally applicable to all alginate/gelatin-based materials, was developed. Semi-IPN bio-ink prepared by cyclic heating–cooling treatment in this study can reduce the cell damage without sacrificing the accuracy of the scaffolds for its excellent shear-thinning performance. A more than 15% increase in post-printing Cell viability verified the feasibility of the strategy. Moreover, the bio-ink with low molecular weight and wide molecular weight distribution also promoted a uniform cell distribution and cell proliferation in clusters. Overall, this strategy revealed the effects of molecular parameters of semi-IPN bio-inks on printing performance, and the cell activity was studied and it could be widely applicable to construct the simulated extracellular matrix with various bio-inks.
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32
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Liu J, Smith S, Wang C. Reversing the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Metastatic Cancer Cells Using CD146-Targeted Black Phosphorus Nanosheets and a Mild Photothermal Treatment. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3208-3220. [PMID: 35089691 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis leads to most deaths in cancer patients, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the key mechanism that endows the cancer cells with strong migratory and invasive abilities. Here, we present a nanomaterial-based approach to reverse the EMT in cancer cells by targeting an EMT inducer, CD146, using engineered black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) and a mild photothermal treatment. We demonstrate this approach can convert highly metastatic, mesenchymal-type breast cancer cells to an epithelial phenotype (i.e., reversing EMT), leading to a complete stoppage of cancer cell migration. By using advanced nanomechanical and super-resolution imaging, complemented by immunoblotting, we validate the phenotypic switch in the cancer cells, as evidenced by the altered actin organization and cell morphology, downregulation of mesenchymal protein markers, and upregulation of epithelial protein markers. We also elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the reversal of EMT. Our results reveal that CD146-targeted BPNSs and a mild photothermal treatment synergistically contribute to EMT reversal by downregulating membrane CD146 and perturbing its downstream EMT-related signaling pathways. Considering CD146 overexpression has been confirmed on the surface of a variety of metastatic, mesenchymal-like cancer cells, this approach could be applicable for treating various cancer metastasis via modulating the phenotype switch in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
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33
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Fan Z, Li B, Wang YJ, Huang X, Li B, Wang S, Liu Y, Liu YJ, Liu B. Spatially resolved single-molecule profiling of microRNAs in migrating cells driven by microconfinement. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11197-11204. [PMID: 36320480 PMCID: PMC9517726 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize a range of migration modes to navigate through a confined tissue microenvironment in vivo, while regulatory roles of key microRNAs (miRNAs) remain unclear. Precisely engineered microconfinement and the high spatial-resolution imaging strategy offer a promising avenue for deciphering the molecular mechanisms that drive cell migration. Here, enzyme-free signal-amplification nanoprobes as an effective tool are developed for three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution profiling of key miRNA molecules in single migrating cells, where distinct migration modes are precisely driven by microconfinement-engineered microchips. The constructed nanoprobes exhibit intuitive and ultrasensitive miRNA characterization in vitro by virtue of a single-molecule imaging microscope, and the differential expression and intracellular locations in different cell lines are successfully monitored. Furthermore, 3D spatial distribution of miR-141 at high resolution in flexible phenotypes of migrating cells is reconstructed in the engineered biomimetic microenvironment. The results indicate that miR-141 may be involved in the metastatic transition from a slow to a fast migration state. This work offers a new opportunity for investigating regulatory mechanisms of intracellular key biomolecules during cell migration in biomimetic microenvironments, which may advance in-depth understanding of cancer metastasis in vivo. Spatially resolved profiling of miRNAs was realized in migrating cells using enzyme-free signal-amplification nanoprobes, in which distinct migration modes of single living cells are driven by precisely engineered microchips.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Fan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuedong Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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34
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Choi Y, Kwon JE, Cho YK. Dendritic Cell Migration Is Tuned by Mechanical Stiffness of the Confining Space. Cells 2021; 10:3362. [PMID: 34943870 PMCID: PMC8699733 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of cell migration of immune cells is a critical aspect of the immune response to pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs), the sentinels of the immune system, are exposed to complex tissue microenvironments with a wide range of stiffnesses. Recent studies have revealed the importance of mechanical cues in immune cell trafficking in confined 3D environments. However, the mechanism by which stiffness modulates the intrinsic motility of immature DCs remains poorly understood. Here, immature DCs were found to navigate confined spaces in a rapid and persistent manner, surveying a wide range when covered with compliant gels mimicking soft tissues. However, the speed and persistence time of random motility were both decreased by confinement in gels with higher stiffness, mimicking skin or diseased, fibrotic tissue. The impact of stiffness of surrounding tissue is crucial because most in vitro studies to date have been based on cellular locomotion when confined by microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane structures. Our study provides evidence for a role for environmental mechanical stiffness in the surveillance strategy of immature DCs in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Kwon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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35
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Oh E, Meckes B, Chang J, Shin D, Mirkin CA. Controlled Glioma Cell Migration and Confinement Using Biomimetic‐Patterned Hydrogels. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- EunBi Oh
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Brian Meckes
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Jinyoung Chang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Donghoon Shin
- International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2220 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2220 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
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36
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Liu J, Kang L, Smith S, Wang C. Transmembrane MUC18 Targeted Polydopamine Nanoparticles and a Mild Photothermal Effect Synergistically Disrupt Actin Cytoskeleton and Migration of Cancer Cells. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9609-9618. [PMID: 34726401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane MUC18 is highly expressed on most metastatic cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that targeting MUC18 with polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) and a mild photothermal effect can completely cease the migration of melanoma and breast cancer cells without killing the cells. The inhibited cell migration can be attributed to the altered actin cytoskeleton, cell stiffness, and cell morphology, as revealed by nanomechanical and super resolution fluorescence imaging techniques. Further mechanistic studies at the molecular level show that MUC18 targeted PDA NPs and a mild photothermal treatment produce a synergistic effect on the actin cytoskeleton by downregulating the transmembrane MUC18 and interrupting ezrin-radixin-moesin phosphorylation, thereby releasing the actin cytoskeleton from the cell membrane and compromising force transduction through the actin cytoskeleton to the transmembrane MUC18. Overall, the concept of targeting transmembrane metastatic markers and disrupting their downstream effectors (i.e., actin and actin-binding proteins) opens up a new avenue to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks and Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Lin Kang
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks and Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks and Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks and Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
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37
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Liu W, Sun Q, Zheng ZL, Gao YT, Zhu GY, Wei Q, Xu JZ, Li ZM, Zhao CS. Topographic Cues Guiding Cell Polarization via Distinct Cellular Mechanosensing Pathways. SMALL 2021; 18:e2104328. [PMID: 34738726 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarization exists in a variety of tissues to regulate cell behaviors and functions. Space constraint (spatially limiting cell extension) and adhesion induction (guiding adhesome growth) are two main ways to induce cell polarization according to the microenvironment topographies. However, the mechanism of cell polarization induced by these two ways and the downstream effects on cell functions are yet to be understood. Here, space constraint and adhesion induction guiding cell polarization are achieved by substrate groove arrays in micro and nano size, respectively. Although the morphology of polarized cells is similar on both structures, the signaling pathways to induce the cell polarization and the downstream functions are distinctly different. The adhesion induction (nano-groove) leads to the formation of focal adhesions and activates the RhoA/ROCK pathway to enhance the myosin-based intracellular force, while the space constraint (micro-groove) only activates the formation of pseudopodia. The enhanced intracellular force caused by adhesion induction inhibits the chromatin condensation, which promotes the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This study presents an overview of cell polarization and mechanosensing at biointerface to aid in the design of novel biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zi-Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ya-Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Guan-Yin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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38
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Gabbireddy SR, Vosatka KW, Chung AJ, Logue JS. Melanoma cells adopt features of both mesenchymal and amoeboid migration within confining channels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17804. [PMID: 34493759 PMCID: PMC8423822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For metastasis to occur, cancer cells must traverse a range of tissue environments. In part, this is accomplished by cells adjusting their migration mode to one that is best suited to the environment. Melanoma cells have been shown to be particularly plastic, frequently using both mesenchymal and amoeboid (bleb-based) modes of migration. It has been demonstrated that 2D confinement will promote the transition from mesenchymal to bleb-based migration. However, if melanoma cells similarly transition to bleb-based migration in response to 3D confinement, such as within narrow channels, is unknown. Here, using micro-fabricated channels, we demonstrate that metastatic, A375-M2, melanoma cells adopt features of both mesenchymal and bleb-based migration. In narrow (8 µm; height and width) channels coated with fibronectin, ~ 50% of melanoma cells were found to use either mesenchymal or bleb-based migration modes. In contrast, the inhibition of Src family kinases or coating channels with BSA, completely eliminated any features of mesenchymal migration. Detailed comparisons of migration parameters revealed that blebbing cells, particularly in the absence of adhesions, were faster than mesenchymal cells. In contrast to what has been previously shown under conditions of 2D confinement, pharmacologically inhibiting Arp2/3 promoted a fast filopodial-based mode of migration. Accordingly, we report that melanoma cells adopt a unique range of phenotypes under conditions of 3D confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairisheel R Gabbireddy
- Undergraduate Research Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Karl W Vosatka
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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39
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Petithory T, Pieuchot L, Josien L, Ponche A, Anselme K, Vonna L. Size-Dependent Internalization Efficiency of Macrophages from Adsorbed Nanoparticle-Based Monolayers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1963. [PMID: 34443794 PMCID: PMC8400431 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional coatings based on the assembly of submicrometric or nanoparticles are found in many applications in the biomedical field. However, these nanoparticle-based coatings are particularly fragile since they could be exposed to cells that are able to internalize nanoparticles. Here, we studied the efficiency of RAW 264.7 murine macrophages to internalize physisorbed silica nanoparticles as a function of time and particle size. This cell internalization efficiency was evaluated from the damages induced by the cells in the nanoparticle-based monolayer on the basis of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy observations. The internalization efficiency in terms of the percentage of nanoparticles cleared from the substrate is characterized by two size-dependent regimes. Additionally, we highlighted that a delay before internalization occurs, which increases with decreasing adsorbed nanoparticle size. This internalization is characterized by a minimal threshold that corresponds to 35 nm nanoparticles that are not internalized during the 12-h incubation considered in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Vonna
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (T.P.); (L.P.); (L.J.); (A.P.); (K.A.)
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40
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Micalet A, Moeendarbary E, Cheema U. 3D In Vitro Models for Investigating the Role of Stiffness in Cancer Invasion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34081437 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumorigenesis is attributed to the interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment through both biochemical cues and physical stimuli. Increased matrix deposition and realignment of the collagen fibers are detected by cancer cells, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which in turn stimulates cell motility and invasiveness. METHODS This review provides an overview of current research on the role of the physical microenvironment in cancer invasion. This was achieved by using a systematic approach and providing meta-analyses. Particular focus was placed on in vitro three-dimensional models of epithelial cancers. We investigated questions such as the effect of matrix stiffening, activation of stromal cells, and identified potential advances in mechano-based therapies. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that 64% of studies report cancer invasion promotion as stiffness increases, while 36% report the opposite. Experimental approaches and data interpretations were varied, each affecting the invasion of cancer differently. Examples are the experimental timeframes used (24 h to 21 days), the type of polymer used (24 types), and choice of cell line (33 cell lines). The stiffness of the 3D matrices varied from 0.5 to 300 kPa and 19% of these matrices' stiffness were outside commonly accepted physiological range. 100% of the studies outside biological stiffness range (above 20 kPa) report that stiffness does not promote cancer invasion. CONCLUSIONS Taking this analysis into account, we inform on the type of experimental approaches that could be the most relevant and provide what would be a standardized protocol and reporting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxtine Micalet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
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41
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Calculation of the force field required for nucleus deformation during cell migration through constrictions. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008592. [PMID: 34029312 PMCID: PMC8177636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell migration in confinement, the nucleus has to deform for a cell to pass through small constrictions. Such nuclear deformations require significant forces. A direct experimental measure of the deformation force field is extremely challenging. However, experimental images of nuclear shape are relatively easy to obtain. Therefore, here we present a method to calculate predictions of the deformation force field based purely on analysis of experimental images of nuclei before and after deformation. Such an inverse calculation is technically non-trivial and relies on a mechanical model for the nucleus. Here we compare two simple continuum elastic models of a cell nucleus undergoing deformation. In the first, we treat the nucleus as a homogeneous elastic solid and, in the second, as an elastic shell. For each of these models we calculate the force field required to produce the deformation given by experimental images of nuclei in dendritic cells migrating in microchannels with constrictions of controlled dimensions. These microfabricated channels provide a simplified confined environment mimicking that experienced by cells in tissues. Our calculations predict the forces felt by a deforming nucleus as a migrating cell encounters a constriction. Since a direct experimental measure of the deformation force field is very challenging and has not yet been achieved, our numerical approaches can make important predictions motivating further experiments, even though all the parameters are not yet available. We demonstrate the power of our method by showing how it predicts lateral forces corresponding to actin polymerisation around the nucleus, providing evidence for actin generated forces squeezing the sides of the nucleus as it enters a constriction. In addition, the algorithm we have developed could be adapted to analyse experimental images of deformation in other situations. Many cell types are able to migrate and squeeze through constrictions that are narrower than the cell’s resting radius. For example, both immune cells and metastatic cancer cells change their shape to migrate through small holes in the complex tissue media they move in. During migration the cell nucleus is more difficult to deform than the cell cytoplasm and therefore significant forces are required for a cell to pass through spaces that are smaller than the resting size of the nucleus. Experimental measurements of these forces are extremely challenging but experimental images of nuclear deformation are regularly obtained in many labs. Therefore we present a computational method to analyse experimental images of nuclear deformation to deduce the forces required to produce such deformations. A mechanical model of the nucleus is necessary for this analysis and here we present two different models. Our computational tool enables us to obtain detailed information about forces causing deformation from microscopy images and consequently provide evidence for actin generated forces squeezing the sides of the nucleus as it enters a constriction.
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42
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Jiang Z, Zhang K, Du L, Cheng Z, Zhang T, Ding J, Li W, Xu B, Zhu M. Construction of chitosan scaffolds with controllable microchannel for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112178. [PMID: 34082978 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microchannels are effective means of enabling the functional performance of tissue engineering scaffolds. Chitosan, a partial deacetylation derivative of chitin, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, has been widely used in clinical practice. However, development of chitosan scaffolds with controllable microchannels architecture remains an engineering challenge. Here, we generated chitosan scaffolds with adjustable microchannel by combining a 3D printing microfiber templates-leaching method and a freeze-drying method. We can precisely control the arrangement, diameter and density of microchannel within chitosan scaffolds. Moreover, the integrated bilayer scaffolds with the desired structural parameters in each layer were fabricated and exhibited no delamination. The flow rate and volume of the simulated fluid can be modulated by diverse channels architecture. Additionally, the microchannel structure promoted cell survival, proliferation and distribution in vitro, and improved cell and tissue ingrowth and vascular formation in vivo. This study opens a new road for constructing chitosan scaffolds, and can further extend their application scope across tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyan Jiang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kaihui Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lilong Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Zhaojun Cheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ji Ding
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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43
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Kamei R, Hosomi T, Kanao E, Kanai M, Nagashima K, Takahashi T, Zhang G, Yasui T, Terao J, Otsuka K, Baba Y, Kubo T, Yanagida T. Rational Strategy for Space-Confined Seeded Growth of ZnO Nanowires in Meter-Long Microtubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16812-16819. [PMID: 33784465 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seeded crystal growths of nanostructures within confined spaces offer an interesting approach to design chemical reaction spaces with tailored inner surface properties. However, such crystal growth within confined spaces tends to be inherently difficult as the length increases as a result of confinement effects. Here, we demonstrate a space-confined seeded growth of ZnO nanowires within meter-long microtubes of 100 μm inner diameter with the aspect ratio of up to 10 000, which had been unattainable to previous methods of seeded crystal growths. ZnO nanowires could be grown via seeded hydrothermal crystal growth for relatively short microtubes below the length of 40 mm, while any ZnO nanostructures were not observable at all for longer microtubes above 60 mm with the aspect ratio of 600. Microstructural and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that a conventional seed layer formation using zinc acetate is unfeasible within the confined space of long microtubes as a result of the formation of detrimental residual Zn complex compounds. To overcome this space-confined issue, a flow-assisted seed layer formation is proposed. This flow-assisted method enables growth of spatially uniform ZnO nanowires via removing residual compounds even for 1 m long microtubes with the aspect ratio of up to 10 000. Finally, the applicably of ZnO-nanowire-decorated long microtubes for liquid-phase separations was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Kamei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Takao Yasui
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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44
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Espina JA, Marchant CL, Barriga EH. Durotaxis: the mechanical control of directed cell migration. FEBS J 2021; 289:2736-2754. [PMID: 33811732 PMCID: PMC9292038 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is essential for cells to efficiently migrate in physiological and pathological processes. While migrating in their native environment, cells interact with multiple types of cues, such as mechanical and chemical signals. The role of chemical guidance via chemotaxis has been studied in the past, the understanding of mechanical guidance of cell migration via durotaxis remained unclear until very recently. Nonetheless, durotaxis has become a topic of intensive research and several advances have been made in the study of mechanically guided cell migration across multiple fields. Thus, in this article we provide a state of the art about durotaxis by discussing in silico, in vitro and in vivo data. We also present insights on the general mechanisms by which cells sense, transduce and respond to environmental mechanics, to then contextualize these mechanisms in the process of durotaxis and explain how cells bias their migration in anisotropic substrates. Furthermore, we discuss what is known about durotaxis in vivo and we comment on how haptotaxis could arise from integrating durotaxis and chemotaxis in native environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espina
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristian L Marchant
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
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45
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Construction of cancer-on-a-chip for drug screening. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1875-1890. [PMID: 33731317 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-on-a-chip has effectively contributed to the development of drug screening, holding great promise for more convenient and reliable drug development as well as personalized drug administration.
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46
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Qin M, Cheng W, Wang W, Cao Y. Understanding and Regulating Cell-Matrix Interactions Using Hydrogels of Designable Mechanical Properties. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:149-168. [PMID: 33785089 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Similar to natural tissues, hydrogels contain abundant water, so they are considered as promising biomaterials for studying the influence of the mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECM) on various cell functions. In recent years, the growing research on cellular mechanical response has revealed that many cell functions, including cell spreading, migration, tumorigenesis and differentiation, are related to the mechanical properties of ECM. Therefore, how cells sense and respond to the extracellular mechanical environment has gained considerable attention. In these studies, hydrogels are widely used as the in vitro model system. Hydrogels of tunable stiffness, viscoelasticity, degradability, plasticity, and dynamical properties have been engineered to reveal how cells respond to specific mechanical features. In this review, we summarize recent process in this research direction and specifically focus on the influence of the mechanical properties of the ECM on cell functions, how cells sense and respond to the extracellular mechanical environment, and approaches to adjusting the stiffness of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Oral Implantology Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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47
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Amos SE, Choi YS. The Cancer Microenvironment: Mechanical Challenges of the Metastatic Cascade. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:625859. [PMID: 33644019 PMCID: PMC7907606 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.625859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic cascade presents a significant challenge to patient survival in the fight against cancer. As metastatic cells disseminate and colonize a secondary site, stepwise exposure to microenvironment-specific mechanical stimuli influences and protects successful metastasis. Following cancerous transformation and associated cell recruitment, the tumor microenvironment (TME) becomes a mechanically complex niche, owing to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and architecture. The ECM mechanically reprograms the cancer cell phenotype, priming cells for invasion. 2D and 3D hydrogel-based culture platforms approximate these environmental variables and permit investigations into tumor-dependent shifts in malignancy. Following TME modification, malignant cells must invade the local ECM, driven toward blood, and lymph vessels by sensing biochemical and biophysical gradients. Microfluidic chips recreate cancer-modified ECM tracks, empowering studies into modes of confined motility. Intravasation and extravasation consist of complex cancer-endothelial interactions that modify an otherwise submicron-scale migration. Perfused microfluidic platforms facilitate the physiological culture of endothelial cells and thus enhance the translatability of basic research into metastatic transendothelial migration. These platforms also shed light on the poorly understood circulating tumor cell, which defies adherent cell norms by surviving the shear stress of blood flow and avoiding anoikis. Metastatic cancers possess the plasticity to adapt to new mechanical conditions, permitting their invasiveness, and ensuring their survival against anomalous stimuli. Here, we review the cellular mechanics of metastasis in the context of current in vitro approaches. Advances that further expose the mechanisms underpinning the phenotypic fluidity of metastatic cancers remain central to the development of novel interventions targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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48
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Zhang M, Sun Q, Liu Y, Chu Z, Yu L, Hou Y, Kang H, Wei Q, Zhao W, Spatz JP, Zhao C, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Controllable ligand spacing stimulates cellular mechanotransduction and promotes stem cell osteogenic differentiation on soft hydrogels. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120543. [PMID: 33260094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties have provided a tremendous opportunity to regulate stem cell differentiation. Hydrogels with osteoid (about 30-40 kPa) or higher stiffness are usually required to induce the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is yet difficult to achieve the same differentiation on very soft hydrogels, because of low environmental mechanical stimuli and restricted cellular mechanotransduction. Here, we modulate cellular spatial sensing of integrin-adhesive ligands via quasi-hexagonally arranged nanopatterns to promote cell mechanosensing on hydrogels having low stiffness (about 3 kPa). The increased interligand spacing has been shown to regulate actomyosin force loading to recruit extra integrins on soft hydrogels. It therefore activates mechanotransduction and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on soft hydrogels to the level comparable with the one observed on osteoid stiffness. Our work opens up new possibilities for the design of biomaterials and tissue scaffolds for regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China; Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiling Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yong Hou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Elisabetta A Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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49
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Shatkin G, Yeoman B, Birmingham K, Katira P, Engler AJ. Computational models of migration modes improve our understanding of metastasis. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041505. [PMID: 33195959 PMCID: PMC7647620 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells migrate through changing microenvironments of diseased and healthy tissue, making their migration particularly challenging to describe. To better understand this process, computational models have been developed for both the ameboid and mesenchymal modes of cell migration. Here, we review various approaches that have been used to account for the physical environment's effect on cell migration in computational models, with a focus on their application to understanding cancer metastasis and the related phenomenon of durotaxis. We then discuss how mesenchymal migration models typically simulate complex cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, while ameboid migration models use a cell-focused approach that largely ignores ECM when not acting as a physical barrier. This approach greatly simplifies or ignores the mechanosensing ability of ameboid migrating cells and should be reevaluated in future models. We conclude by describing future model elements that have not been included to date but would enhance model accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Shatkin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Katherine Birmingham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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50
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Wu JS, Jiang J, Chen BJ, Wang K, Tang YL, Liang XH. Plasticity of cancer cell invasion: Patterns and mechanisms. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100899. [PMID: 33080522 PMCID: PMC7573380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration and invasion are integral components of metastatic disease, which is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Cancer cells can disseminate and migrate via several alternative mechanisms including amoeboid cell migration, mesenchymal cell migration, and collective cell migration. These diverse movement strategies display certain specific and distinct hallmarks in cell-cell junctions, actin cytoskeleton, matrix adhesion, and protease activity. During tumor progression, cells pass through complex microenvironments and adapt their migration strategies by reversible mesenchymal-amoeboid and individual-collective transitions. This plasticity in motility patterns enables cancer cells disseminate further and thus limit the efficiency of anti-metastasis therapies. In this review, we discuss the modes and mechanisms of cancer cell migration and focus on the plasticity of tumor cell movement as well as potential emerging therapeutic options for reducing cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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