1
|
Du Z, Luong HM, Sabury S, Jones AL, Zhu Z, Panoy P, Chae S, Yi A, Kim HJ, Xiao S, Brus VV, Manjunatha Reddy GN, Reynolds JR, Nguyen TQ. High-Performance Wearable Organic Photodetectors by Molecular Design and Green Solvent Processing for Pulse Oximetry and Photoplethysmography. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310478. [PMID: 38054854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
White-light detection from the visible to the near-infrared region is central to many applications such as high-speed cameras, autonomous vehicles, and wearable electronics. While organic photodetectors (OPDs) are being developed for such applications, several challenges must be overcome to produce scalable high-detectivity OPDs. This includes issues associated with low responsivity, narrow absorption range, and environmentally friendly device fabrication. Here, an OPD system processed from 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) sets a record in light detectivity, which is also comparable with commercially available silicon-based photodiodes is reported. The newly designed OPD is employed in wearable devices to monitor heart rate and blood oxygen saturation using a flexible OPD-based finger pulse oximeter. In achieving this, a framework for a detailed understanding of the structure-processing-property relationship in these OPDs is also developed. The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films processed from 2-MeTHF are characterized at different length scales with advanced techniques. The BHJ morphology exhibits optimal intermixing and phase separation of donor and acceptor moieties, which facilitates the charge generation and collection process. Benefitting from high charge carrier mobilities and a low shunt leakage current, the newly developed OPD exhibits a specific detectivity of above 1012 Jones over 400-900 nm, which is higher than those of reference devices processed from chlorobenzene and ortho-xylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Du
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Hoang Mai Luong
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sina Sabury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Austin L Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Patchareepond Panoy
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sangmin Chae
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ahra Yi
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Xiao
- 1-Material Inc, 2290 Chemin St-Francois, Dorval, Quebec, H9P 1K2, Canada
| | - Viktor V Brus
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du Z, Luong HM, Sabury S, Therdkatanyuphong P, Chae S, Welton C, Jones AL, Zhang J, Peng Z, Zhu Z, Nanayakkara S, Coropceanu V, Choi DG, Xiao S, Yi A, Kim HJ, Bredas JL, Ade H, Reddy GNM, Marder SR, Reynolds JR, Nguyen TQ. Additive-free molecular acceptor organic solar cells processed from a biorenewable solvent approaching 15% efficiency. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5564-5576. [PMID: 37872787 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of molecular acceptors (MAs) and donor polymers processed with a biomass-derived solvent (2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2-MeTHF) to facilitate bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching 15%. Our approach makes use of two newly designed donor polymers with an opened ring unit in their structures along with three molecular acceptors (MAs) where the backbone and sidechain were engineered to enhance the processability of BHJ OPVs using 2-MeTHF, as evaluated by an analysis of donor-acceptor (D-A) miscibility and interaction parameters. To understand the differences in the PCE values that ranged from 9-15% as a function of composition, the surface, bulk, and interfacial BHJ morphologies were characterized at different length scales using atomic force microscopy, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, resonant soft X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 2D solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results indicate that the favorable D-A intermixing that occurs in the best performing BHJ film with an average domain size of ∼25 nm, high domain purity, uniform distribution and enhanced local packing interactions - facilitates charge generation and extraction while limiting the trap-assisted recombination process in the device, leading to high effective mobility and good performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Du
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Hoang Mai Luong
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Sina Sabury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | | | - Sangmin Chae
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Claire Welton
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Austin L Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Sadisha Nanayakkara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Dylan G Choi
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Steven Xiao
- 1-Material Inc, 2290 Chemin St-Francois, Dorval, Quebec, H9P 1K2, Canada
| | - Ahra Yi
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Seth R Marder
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al Musaimi O, Morse SV, Lombardi L, Serban S, Basso A, Williams DR. Successful synthesis of a glial-specific blood-brain barrier shuttle peptide following a fragment condensation approach on a solid-phase resin. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3448. [PMID: 35997639 PMCID: PMC10078400 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful manual synthesis of the TD2.2 peptide acting as a blood-brain barrier shuttle was achieved. TD2.2 was successfully synthesised by sequential condensation of four protected peptide fragments on solid-phase settings, after several unsuccessful attempts using the stepwise approach. These fragments were chosen to minimise the number of demanding amino acids (in terms of coupling, Fmoc removal) in each fragment that are expected to hamper the overall synthetic process. Thus, the hydrophobic amino acids as well as Arg(Pbf) were strategically spread over multiple fragments rather than having them congested in one fragment. This study shows how a peptide that shows big challenges in the synthesis using the common stepwise elongation methodology can be synthesised with an acceptable purity. It also emphasises that choosing the right fragment with certain amino acid constituents is key for a successful synthesis. It is worth highlighting that lower amounts of reagents were required to synthesise the final peptide with an identical purity to that obtained by the automatic synthesiser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al Musaimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie V Morse
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Daryl R Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Musaimi O, Gavva V, Williams DR. Greener Cleavage of Protected Peptide Fragments from Sieber Amide Resin. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200236. [PMID: 36564351 PMCID: PMC9789020 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Following the successful introduction of two benign solvents for cleaving protected acid peptide fragments from 2-chlorotrityl chloride (2-CTC) resin, there is a need to green the cleavage process for obtaining protected peptide amide fragments. In this work, p-xylene and toluene are introduced as greener alternates to dichloromethane (DCM) for preparing protected peptide amide fragments from a Sieber amide resin. The N-dealkylation is a demanding chemical reaction, requiring that the cleavage protocol be optimised to ensure complete cleavage from the resin. After a 30 min reaction time, only 66 % of the final peptide product was retrieved even with the conventional dichloromethane solvent. Therefore, 120 min was considered sufficient to fully cleave the peptide from the Sieber amide resin. This work reaffirms the fact that greening strategies are far from detrimental, with green alternatives often outperforming their replaced counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al Musaimi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Varshitha Gavva
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Daryl R. Williams
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lopez J, Beck J, Bucher C, Berthelmann A, Markos S, Eissler S. Missing Link: Enabling Loading of 2-Chlorotrityl Chloride Resin in N-Butylpyrrolidinone as a Green Solvent. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Lopez
- Novartis Pharma AG, Lichtstrasse 35, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janina Beck
- Bachem AG, Hauptstrasse 144, 4416 Bubendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Eissler
- Bachem AG, Hauptstrasse 144, 4416 Bubendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leko M, Filippova P, Dorosh M, Rustler K, Bruckdorfer T, Burov S. 2-Chlorotrityl Chloride and 4-Methylbenzhydryl Bromide Resin Loading Using the Mixture of Organic Solvents: A “Greener” Alternative to Dichloromethane and N,N-Dimethylformamide. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leko
- Cytomed JSC, Orlovo-Denisovsky pr. 14A, 197375 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Filippova
- Cytomed JSC, Orlovo-Denisovsky pr. 14A, 197375 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Dorosh
- Cytomed JSC, Orlovo-Denisovsky pr. 14A, 197375 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Karin Rustler
- Iris Biotech, Adalbert-Zoellner-Str. 1, 95615 Marktredwitz, Germany
| | | | - Sergey Burov
- Cytomed JSC, Orlovo-Denisovsky pr. 14A, 197375 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
D’Ercole A, Pacini L, Sabatino G, Zini M, Nuti F, Ribecai A, Paio A, Rovero P, Papini AM. An Optimized Safe Process from Bench to Pilot cGMP Production of API Eptifibatide Using a Multigram-Scale Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesizer. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D’Ercole
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- F.I.S.- Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A., Viale Milano 26, 36075 Montecchio Maggiore, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pacini
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- F.I.S.- Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A., Viale Milano 26, 36075 Montecchio Maggiore, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sabatino
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR-IC Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Zini
- F.I.S.- Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A., Viale Milano 26, 36075 Montecchio Maggiore, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Nuti
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Arianna Ribecai
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- F.I.S.- Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A., Viale Milano 26, 36075 Montecchio Maggiore, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alfredo Paio
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- F.I.S.- Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A., Viale Milano 26, 36075 Montecchio Maggiore, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR-IC Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health─Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- MoD&LS Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR-IC Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- PeptLab@UCP Platform of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Neuville Campus, CY Cergy Paris Université, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martin V, Egelund PHG, Johansson H, Thordal Le Quement S, Wojcik F, Sejer Pedersen D. Greening the synthesis of peptide therapeutics: an industrial perspective. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42457-42492. [PMID: 35516773 PMCID: PMC9057961 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is generally the method of choice for the chemical synthesis of peptides, allowing routine synthesis of virtually any type of peptide sequence, including complex or cyclic peptide products. Importantly, SPPS can be automated and is scalable, which has led to its widespread adoption in the pharmaceutical industry, and a variety of marketed peptide-based drugs are now manufactured using this approach. However, SPPS-based synthetic strategies suffer from a negative environmental footprint mainly due to extensive solvent use. Moreover, most of the solvents used in peptide chemistry are classified as problematic by environmental agencies around the world and will soon need to be replaced, which in recent years has spurred a movement in academia and industry to make peptide synthesis greener. These efforts have been centred around solvent substitution, recycling and reduction, as well as exploring alternative synthetic methods. In this review, we focus on methods pertaining to solvent substitution and reduction with large-scale industrial production in mind, and further outline emerging technologies for peptide synthesis. Specifically, the technical requirements for large-scale manufacturing of peptide therapeutics are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martin
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Peter H G Egelund
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | | | - Felix Wojcik
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar A, Alhassan M, Lopez J, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. N-Butylpyrrolidinone for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis is Environmentally Friendlier and Synthetically Better than DMF. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5288-5294. [PMID: 32720474 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is the method of choice for the preparation of peptides in both laboratory scale and large production. Although the methodology has been improved during the last decades allowing the achievement of long peptides and challenging sequences in good yields and purities, the process was not revised from an environmental point of view. One of the main problems in this regard is the large amount of solvents used, and therefore the tons of generated waste. Moreover, the solvent of choice for the SPPS is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), which is considered as reprotoxic; thus, there is an urgent necessity to replace it with safer solvents. The DMF substitution by a green solvent is not a trivial task, because it should solubilize all the reagents and byproducts involved in the process, and, in addition to facilitating the coupling of the different amino acids, it should not favor the formation of side-reactions compared with DMF. Herein, it was demonstrated that the use of the green solvent N-butylpyrrolidinone (NBP) as a replacement of DMF was beneficial in two well-documented side reactions in peptide synthesis, racemization and aspartimide formation. The use of NBP rendered a lower or equal level of racemization in the amino acids more prone to this side reaction than DMF, whilst the aspartimide formation was clearly lower when NBP was used as solvent. Our findings demonstrate that the use of a green solvent does not hamper the synthetic process and could even improve it, making it environmentally friendlier and synthetically better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahama Alhassan
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - John Lopez
- Novartis Pharma AG, Lichtstrasse 35, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine & Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Přibylka A, Krchňák V, Schütznerová E. Environmentally Friendly SPPS II: Scope of Green Fmoc Removal Protocol Using NaOH and Its Application for Synthesis of Commercial Drug Triptorelin. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8798-8811. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Přibylka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Krchňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eva Schütznerová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo RC, Zhang XH, Ji L, Wei ZJ, Duan ZY, Qiao ZY, Wang H. Recent progress of therapeutic peptide based nanomaterials: from synthesis and self-assembly to cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6175-6189. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01358g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review has described the synthesis, self-assembly and the anti-cancer application of therapeutic peptides and their conjugates, particularly polymer–peptide conjugates (PPCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
| | - Xue-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lei Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zi-Jin Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhong-Yu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong J, Hu K, Shao Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Hu M, Chen J. Tandem addition/cyclization for synthesis of 2-aroyl benzofurans and 2-aroyl indoles by carbopalladation of nitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:488-494. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pd-Catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-(2-acylphenoxy)acetonitriles or 2-((2-benzoylphenyl)amino)acetonitrile with arylboronic acids for the synthesis of 2-aroyl benzofurans and 2-aroyl indoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julin Gong
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yetong Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Maolin Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhen Q, Chen L, Qi L, Hu K, Shao Y, Li R, Chen J. Nickel‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Functionalized Arylacetonitriles with Arylboronic Acids in 2‐MeTHF: Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Aminoisoquinolines and Isoquinolones. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:106-111. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Lepeng Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Linjun Qi
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al Musaimi O, Basso A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Calculating Resin Functionalization in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Using a Standardized Method based on Fmoc Determination. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:717-721. [PMID: 31610120 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis is the method of choice for peptide preparation in both research and industrial settings. The whole synthetic process is governed by the initial functionalization of the resin. Although the literature provides several methods to determine such functionalization, the addition of an Fmoc-amino acid and the posterior spectrophotometric measurement of the dibenzofulvene adduct formed after Fmoc removal is the most widely used for this purpose. However, a range of molar extinction coefficient (ε) values and even wavelengths are currently used in the field, with no standardization of the method. Here, we propose a single-point standardization method that involves a standard solution of the corresponding amino acid to be checked that is prepared freshly at the time of the analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al Musaimi
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Alessandra Basso
- Purolite, Llantrisant Business Park, Llantrisant, CF72 8LF, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Almarhoon Z, Dahlous KA, Abd Alhameed R, Ghabbour HA, El-Faham A. A Simple, Efficient, and Eco-Friendly Method for the Preparation of 3-Substituted-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H)-one Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:E4052. [PMID: 31717480 PMCID: PMC6891463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective method under environmentally benign conditions is a very important concept for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives. The present work describes an efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of 2-amino-N-(2-substituted-ethyl)benzamide and 3-substituted-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives. The novel feature of this protocol is the use of 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) as an eco-friendly alternative solvent to tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the first step. In the second step, methanol in the presence of potassium carbonate as a catalyst was used under conventional heating or microwave irradiation, which provided an eco-friendly method to afford the target products in excellent yields and purities. NMR (1H and 13C), elemental analysis, and LC-MS confirmed the structures of all compounds. X-ray crystallography further confirmed the structure of the intermediate 2-amino-N-(2-substituted-ethyl)benzamide 3a. The molecular structure of 3a was monoclinic crystal, with P21/c, a = 13.6879 (11) Å, b = 10.2118 (9) Å, c = 9.7884 (9) Å, β = 105.068 (7)°, V = 1321.2 (2) Å3, and Z = 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.); (K.A.D.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Kholood A. Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.); (K.A.D.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rakia Abd Alhameed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.); (K.A.D.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.A.); (K.A.D.); (R.A.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramkisson S, Jad YE, Sharma A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. OctaGel Resin - A New PEG-PS-based Solid Support for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190913153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
:
OctaGel resin is a unique, highly uniformed surface-active resin. Here, we compared the
performance of OctaGel with that of known resins on the market, namely polystyrene and ChemMatrix,
in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. The synthesis of the ‘difficult’ Aib-ACP (65-74) decapeptide
showed that OctaGel has the potential to yield molecules with satisfactory purity. Given its high swelling
capacity and large bead size, OctaGel also shows efficient interaction with various solvents, including
those mainly used for SPPS (DMF and DCM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaveer Ramkisson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Yahaya E. Jad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Anamika Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Al Musaimi O, El-Faham A, Basso A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. γ-Valerolactone (GVL): An eco-friendly anchoring solvent for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Dobi Z, Reddy BN, Renders E, Van Raemdonck L, Mensch C, De Smet G, Chen C, Bheeter C, Sergeyev S, Herrebout WA, Maes BUW. Carbamate Synthesis Using a Shelf-Stable and Renewable C 1 Reactant. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3103-3114. [PMID: 30921504 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
4-Propylcatechol carbonate is a shelf-stable, renewable C1 reactant. It is easily prepared from renewable 4-propylcatechol (derived from wood) and dimethyl carbonate (derived from CO2 ) using a reactive distillation system. In this work, the 4-propylcatechol carbonate is used for the two-step synthesis of carbamates under mild reaction conditions. In the first step, 4-propylcatechol carbonate is treated with an alcohol at 50-80 °C in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as Zn(OAc)2 ⋅2 H2 O. With liquid alcohols, no solvent is used and with solid alcohols 2-methyltetrahydrofuran is used as solvent. In the second step, the alkyl 2-hydroxy-propylphenyl carbonate intermediates obtained react with amines at room temperature in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, forming the target carbamates and the byproduct 4-propylcatechol, which can be recycled into a carbonate reactant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Dobi
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B Narendraprasad Reddy
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien Renders
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurent Van Raemdonck
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carl Mensch
- Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles De Smet
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chen Chen
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charles Bheeter
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter A Herrebout
- Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Al Musaimi O, El-Faham A, Almarhoon Z, Basso A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Bypassing Osmotic Shock Dilemma in a Polystyrene Resin Using the Green Solvent Cyclopentyl methyl Ether (CPME): A Morphological Perspective. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050874. [PMID: 31086118 PMCID: PMC6571811 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The “osmotic shock” phenomenon is the main thing that is responsible for morphological structure alteration, which can jeopardize the use of a polymer in a chemical process. This is extremely important in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), which is the method of choice for the preparation of these important biologically active compounds. Herein, we have used Hildebrand solubility parameters (δ) to investigate the influence of different ethers that are used in the precipitation step of the SPPS using a polystyrene resin. The green cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) has shown to be slightly superior to 2-methyltetrahydrofurane, which is also a green ether and clearly better than the hazardous diethyl ether and tert-butyl methyl ether. These results have been corroborated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and computational studies. All together, these confirm the adequacy of CPME for being the ether of choice to be used in SPPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al Musaimi
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Zainab Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar A, Thompson-Adewumi A, Nandhini KP, Collins JM, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Troubleshooting When Using γ-Valerolactone (GVL) in Green Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Adeniyi Thompson-Adewumi
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - K. P. Nandhini
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Collins
- CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Road, Matthews, North Carolina 28104, United States
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pawlas J, Svensson T, Rasmussen JH. 1,4-Benzenedimethanethiol (1,4-BDMT) as a scavenger for greener peptide resin cleavages. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38928-38934. [PMID: 35540669 PMCID: PMC9075962 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08553j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at elevating the environmental profile of the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) methodology by improving the quality of crude peptides that SPPS provides we assessed a series of benzylthiols (BTs) as scavengers for global deprotection/TFA cleavage of exenatide peptide resin accessed by Fmoc SPPS. In these studies we identified 1,4-BDMT as a scavenger that affords the peptide in higher quality than the standard aliphatic thiol reagents, not least in terms of the content of critical peptide impurities in the crude material. Further, 1,4-BDMT exhibited favorable UV detectability as well as stability and solubility in TFA. Finally, based on the MS assessment of the crude exenatide products herein we propose that thiol scavengers in the cleavage of Trp containing peptide resins do not minimize the content of Trp oxidants by means of inhibiting Trp oxidation but rather by forming a peptide–thiol adduct via a mechanism involving an attack of a thiol on an oxindolylalanine (Oia) impurity present in the crude material. 1,4-BDMT is a benign, non-odorous scavenger for peptide resin cleavages which provides crude peptides in higher quality than the aliphatic thiols used for this purpose.![]()
Collapse
|