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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liang J, Tan B, Deng C, Huang W. Neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes of the benzene tetraanion. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8740-8749. [PMID: 38899277 PMCID: PMC11185217 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare-earth metal complexes of the parent benzene tetraanion and neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal arene complexes have remained elusive. Here, we report the first neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes of the parent benzene tetraanion supported by a monoanionic β-diketiminate (BDI) ligand. Reduction of the trivalent rare-earth metal diiodide precursors (BDI)MI2(THF) (BDI = HC(C(Me)N[C6H3-(3-pentyl)2-2,6])2; M = Y, 1-Y; M = Sm, 1-Sm) in benzene or para-xylene by potassium graphite yielded the neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal arene complexes [(BDI)M(THF) n ]2(μ-η6,η6-arene) (M = Y, Sm; arene = benzene, 2-M; arene = para-xylene, 3-M). Single crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and magnetic characterization studies, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that these neutral rare-earth metal arene complexes possess an [M3+-(arene)4--M3+] electronic structure with strong metal-arene δ interactions. The arene exchange reactivity shows that 2-Sm has higher stability than 3-Sm. Furthermore, 2-Sm can behave as a four-electron reductant to reduce unsaturated organic substrates. Particularly, while the reaction of 2-Sm with 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) yielded (BDI)Sm(η8-COT) (4-Sm), 2-Sm reacted with 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne to afford (BDI)Sm(η4-C4Ph2) (5-Sm), the first rare-earth metallacyclopentatriene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yurou Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Bowen Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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Li T, Heng Y, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Uranium versus Thorium: A Case Study on a Base-Free Terminal Uranium Imido Metallocene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9487-9510. [PMID: 38048266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of and bonding in two base-free terminal actinide imido metallocenes, [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2An═N(p-tolyl) (An = U (1), Th (1')) are compared and connected to their individual reactivity. While structurally rather similar, the U(IV) derivative 1 is slightly more sterically crowded. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) studies imply that the 5f orbital contribution to the bonding within the individual actinide imido An═N(p-tolyl) moieties is significantly larger for 1 than for 1', which makes the bonds between the [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U2+ and [(p-tolyl)N]2- fragments more covalent. Therefore, steric and electronic factors impact the reactivity of these imido complexes. For example, complex 1 is inert toward internal alkynes, but it readily forms Lewis base adducts [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(L) (L = OPMe3 (6), dmap (9), PhCN (14), and 2,6-Me2PhNC (17)) with Me3PO, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap), nitrile, PhCN, or isonitrile 2,6-Me2PhNC. It may also react as a nucleophile or undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with CS2, isothiocyanates, thio-ketones, ketones, lactides, and acyl nitriles, forming the four- or five-membered metallaheteroacycles, terminal sulfido, or oxido complexes, and cyanide amidate complexes, respectively. In contrast, after the addition of aldehyde p-tolylCHO, the tetranuclear complex [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]4[OCH(p-tolyl)CH(p-tolyl)O]2U4O4 (10) is isolated. However, while 1 is unreactive toward dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), an equilibrium exists in benzene solution between N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1, and the four-membered metallaheterocycle [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(═NiPr)N(iPr)] (12). Furthermore, 1 may also engage in single- and two-electron transfer processes. It is singly oxidized by Ph3CN3, CuI, Ph2S2, and Ph2Se2, yielding the uranium(V) imido complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(X) (X = N3 (20), I (22), PhS (23), and PhSe (24)), or is doubly oxidized by organic azides (RN3) and 9-diazofluorene, forming the uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(=NR) (R = p-tolyl (18), mesityl (19)) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U=N(p-tolyl)[=NN=(9-C13H8)] (21), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Li T, Wang D, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Reactivity of a Lewis base-supported uranium terminal imido metallocene towards small molecules. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13618-13630. [PMID: 37698550 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis base-supported uranium terminal imido metallocene [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(dmap) (1) readily reacts with various small molecules such as internal alkynes, isothiocyanates, thioketones, amidates, organic nitriles and imines, chlorosilanes, copper iodide, diphenyl disulfide, organic azides and diazoalkane derivatives. For example, treatment of 1 with PhCCCCPh and PhNCS forms metallaheterocycles originating from a [2 + 2] cycloaddition to yield [η5-1-(p-tolyl)NC(Ph)CHCC(Ph)CH2Si(Me)2-2,4-(Me3Si)2C5H2][η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]U (2) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(NPh)S](dmap) (3), respectively. The reaction of 1 with the thioketone Ph2CS forms the known uranium sulfido complex [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2US(dmap) (4), which reacts with a second molecule of Ph2CS to give the disulfido compound [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(S2CPh2) (5). The imido moiety also promotes deprotonation reactions as illustrated in the reactions with the amide PhCONH(p-tolyl), the nitrile PhCH2CN and the imine (p-tolyl)2CNH to form the bis-amidate [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[OC(Ph)N(p-tolyl)]2 (7), and the iminato complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(CH2Ph)NH](NCCHPh) (8) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[NH(p-tolyl)][NC(p-tolyl)2] (9), respectively. Addition of PhSiH2Cl to 1 yields [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(Cl)[N(p-tolyl)SiH2Ph] (10). In contrast, the uranium(V) imido complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(I) (11) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(SPh) (12), may be isolated upon addition of CuI or Ph2S2 to 1, respectively. Uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(NR) (R = p-tolyl (13), mesityl (14)) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)[NN(9-C13H8)] (15) are accessible from 1 on exposure to RN3 (R = p-tolyl, mesityl) and 9-diazofluorene, respectively. Complexes 2, 3, 5, and 7-15 were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and, in addition, compounds 2, 3, 5, and 7-13 were structurally authenticated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Hertler PR, Lewis RA, Wu G, Hayton TW. Measuring Metal-Metal Communication in a Series of Ketimide-Bridged [Fe 2] 6+ Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11829-11836. [PMID: 37462407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of Fe(acac)3 with 3 equiv of Li[N═C(R)Ph] (R = Ph, tBu) results in the formation of the [Fe2]6+ complexes, [Fe2(μ-N═C(R)Ph)2(N═C(R)Ph)4] (R = Ph, 1; tBu, 2), in low to moderate yields. Reaction of FeCl2 with 6 equiv of Li(N═C13H8) (HN═C13H8 = 9-fluorenone imine) results in the formation of [Li(THF)2]2[Fe(N═C13H8)4] (3) in good yield. Subsequent oxidation of 3 with ca. 0.8 equiv of I2 generates the [Fe2]6+ complex, [Fe2(μ-N═C13H8)2(N═C13H8)4] (4), along with free fluorenyl ketazine. Complexes 1, 2, and 4 were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. The Fe-Fe distances in 1, 2, and 4 range from 2.803(7) to 2.925(1) Å, indicating that no direct Fe-Fe interaction is present in these complexes. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra for complexes 1, 2, and 4 are all consistent with the presence of symmetry-equivalent high-spin Fe3+ centers. Finally, all three complexes exhibit a similar degree of antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal centers (J = -26 to -30 cm-1), as ascertained by SQUID magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Li T, Wang D, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. A Comprehensive Study Concerning the Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Terminal Uranium Oxido, Sulfido, and Selenido Metallocenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37376858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Terminal uranium oxido, sulfido, and selenido metallocenes were synthesized, and their reactivity was comprehensively studied. Heating of an equimolar mixture of [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UMe2 (2) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(NH-p-tolyl)2 (3) in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) in refluxing toluene forms [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(dmap) (4), which is a useful precursor for the preparation of the terminal uranium oxido, sulfido, and selenido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U═E(dmap) (E = O (5), S (6), Se (7)) employing a cycloaddition-elimination methodology with Ph2C═E (E = O, S) or (p-MeOPh)2CSe, respectively. Metallocenes 5-7 are inert toward alkynes, but they act as nucleophiles in the presence of alkylsilyl halides. The oxido and sulfido metallocenes 5 and 6 undergo [2 + 2] cycloadditions with isothiocyanate PhNCS or CS2, while the selenido derivative 7 does not. The experimental studies are complemented by density functional theory (DFT) computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universitüt Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Li K, Liu W, Zhang H, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen N, Zhu C, Chai Z, Wang S. Progress in solid state and coordination chemistry of actinides in China. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the past decade, the area of solid state chemistry of actinides has witnessed a rapid development in China, based on the significantly increased proportion of the number of actinide containing crystal structures reported by Chinese researchers from only 2% in 2010 to 36% in 2021. In this review article, we comprehensively overview the synthesis, structure, and characterizations of representative actinide solid compounds including oxo-compounds, organometallic compounds, and endohedral metallofullerenes reported by Chinese researchers. In addition, Chinese researchers pioneered several potential applications of actinide solid compounds in terms of adsorption, separation, photoelectric materials, and photo-catalysis, which are also briefly discussed. It is our hope that this contribution not only calls for further development of this area in China, but also arouses new research directions and interests in actinide chemistry and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai , 264005 , China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Liwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210023 , China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
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Wang S, Heng Y, Li T, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Intrinsic reactivity of [η 5-1,3-(Me 3Si) 2C 5H 3] 2U(η 4-C 4Ph 2) in small molecule activation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11072-11085. [PMID: 35796202 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The uranium metallacyclocumulene, [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(η4-C4Ph2) (3) was isolated from the reaction mixture containing [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2UCl2 (1), potassium graphite (KC8) and 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne (PhCC-CCPh) in good yield. The reactivity of 3 towards various small organic molecules was evaluated. For example, while complex 3 shows no reactivity towards alkynes and 2,2'-bipyridine, it may deliver the [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(II) fragment in the presence of Ph2E2 (E = S, Se) and Ph3CN3, or react as a nucleophile in the presence of carbodiimides, isothiocyanates, aldehydes, ketones, and pyridine derivatives, forming five-, seven- or nine-membered heterometallacycles. On the contrary, addition of Ph2CS to 3 induces CS bond cleavage yielding the dithiolate complex [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[S2(C12H5Ph5)] (14). In contrast, the closely related, but sterically more encumbered uranium metallacyclocumulene [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(η4-C4Ph2) (4) features a more limited reactivity which is restricted to mono- and double insertions with small unsaturated organic molecules such as isothiocyanates, ketones and nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Li J, Mei Y, Liu LL. An Isolable Phosphaborene Stabilized by an Intramolecular Lewis Base. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry 1088 Xueyuandadao 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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Wang S, Li T, Heng Y, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Small-Molecule Activation Mediated by [η 5-1,3-(Me 3Si) 2C 5H 3] 2U(bipy). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6234-6251. [PMID: 35413191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The uranium bipyridyl metallocene, [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(bipy) (2), is readily accessible in good yield by adding potassium graphite (KC8) to a mixture of [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2UCl2 (1) and 2,2'-bipyridine. Compound 2 was fully characterized and employed for small-molecule activation. It has been demonstrated that 2 may serve as a synthon for [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(II) fragment in the presence of Ph2E2 (E = S, Se), alkynes, and a variety of hetero-unsaturated molecules such as diazabutadienes, azine (Ph2C═N)2, o-benzoquinone, pyridine N-oxide, CS2, isothiocyanates, and organic azides. However, upon exposure of 2 to thio-ketone Ph2CS, aldehyde p-MePhCHO, ketone Ph2CO, imine PhCH═NPh, azine (PhCH═N)2, and nitrile PhCN, it may also promote C-C coupling reactions forming [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(Ph2CS)] (16), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(p-MePhCHO)] (17), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(Ph2CO)] (18), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(PhCHNPh)] (19), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(PhCHNN═CHPh)] (20), and [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(N2C10H7C(Ph)NH)] (22), respectively, in quantitative conversion. Furthermore, in the presence of CuI, a single-electron transfer (SET) process is observed to yield the uranium(III) iodide complex [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(I)(bipy) (15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Wang S, Heng Y, Li T, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Synthesis and reactivity of the uranium phosphinidene metallocene [η 5-1,3-(Me 3Si) 2C 5H 3] 2U([double bond, length as m-dash]P-2,4,6- iPr 3C 6H 2)(OPMe 3): influence of the coordinated Lewis base. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12502-12516. [PMID: 34342314 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and reactivity of [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U([double bond, length as m-dash]P-2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(OPMe3) (6) which is accessible from a ligand exchange reaction between [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U([double bond, length as m-dash]P-2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(OPPh3) (2) and Me3PO at ambient temperature. Phosphinidene 6 exhibits no reactivity towards internal alkynes, but readily reacts with various hetero-unsaturated molecules such as isothiocyanates, aldehydes, nitriles, isonitriles, and organic azides, forming uranium sulfido, oxido, imido, and uranaheterocyclic compounds. Nevertheless, with the bidentate ortho-dicyanobenzene o-C6H4(CN)2 the zwitterionic species [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[NHC(N){C6H4CP(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)CH2PMe2O}] (13) is isolated in good yield. Moreover, 6 converts with Ph2S2 to the uranium(iii) phenylthiolate compound [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2USPh(OPMe3) (7) in good isolated yield. Furthermore, the influence of the Lewis base on the reactivity of the uranium phosphinidene metallocenes has also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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11
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Wang S, Li T, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Influence of the 1,3-Bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl Ligand on the Reactivity of the Uranium Phosphinidene [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(═P-2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(OPPh3). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Kent GT, Cook AW, Damon PL, Lewis RA, Wu G, Hayton TW. Synthesis and Characterization of Two "Tied-Back" Lithium Ketimides and Isolation of a Ketimide-Bridged [Cr 2] 6+ Dimer with Strong Antiferromagnetic Coupling. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4996-5004. [PMID: 33764048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 1 equiv of KN(SiMe3)2 with 9-fluorenone results in the formation of (Me3Si)N═C13H8 (1) in high yield after work-up. Addition of 1 equiv of phenol to 1 results in rapid desilylation and formation of 9-fluorenone imine, HN═C13H8 (2). Subsequent reaction of 2 with 1 equiv of LiNiPr2 results in deprotonation and formation of [Li(Et2O)]4[N═C13H8]4 (3) in good yield. Reaction of 1 equiv of KN(SiMe3)2 with 2-adamantanone for 7 days at room temperature results in the formation of (Me3Si)N═C10H14 (4) in good yield. Dissolution of 4 in neat MeOH results in rapid desilylation concomitant with formation of 2-adamantanone imine, HN═C10H14 (5). Subsequent reaction of 5 with 1 equiv of LiNiPr2 results in formation of [Li(THF)]4[N═C10H14]4 (6). Both 3 and 6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Finally, reaction of CrCl3 with 3.5 equiv of 6 results in formation of the [Cr2]6+ dimer, [Li][Cr2(N═C10H14)7] (7), which can be isolated in modest yield after work-up. Complex 7 features a Cr-Cr bond length of 2.653(2) Å. Additionally, solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cr centers, with J = -200 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greggory T Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrew W Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peter L Damon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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13
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Wang D, Ding W, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Uranium versus Thorium: Synthesis and Reactivity of [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U[η 2 -C 2 Ph 2 ]. Chemistry 2021; 27:6767-6782. [PMID: 33559922 PMCID: PMC8251885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, electronic structure, and reactivity of a uranium metallacyclopropene were comprehensively studied. Addition of diphenylacetylene (PhC≡CPh) to the uranium phosphinidene metallocene [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2U=P‐2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2 (1) yields the stable uranium metallacyclopropene, [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2U[η2‐C2Ph2] (2). Based on density functional theory (DFT) results the 5f orbital contributions to the bonding within the metallacyclopropene U‐(η2‐C=C) moiety increases significantly compared to the related ThIV compound [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2Th[η2‐C2Ph2], which also results in more covalent bonds between the [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2U2+ and [η2‐C2Ph2]2− fragments. Although the thorium and uranium complexes are structurally closely related, different reaction patterns are therefore observed. For example, 2 reacts as a masked synthon for the low‐valent uranium(II) metallocene [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2UII when reacted with Ph2E2 (E=S, Se), alkynes and a variety of hetero‐unsaturated molecules such as imines, ketazine, bipy, nitriles, organic azides, and azo derivatives. In contrast, five‐membered metallaheterocycles are accessible when 2 is treated with isothiocyanate, aldehydes, and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Influence of the Lewis Base Ph3PO on the Reactivity of the Uranium Phosphinidene (η5-C5Me5)2U(═P-2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(OPPh3). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Wang D, Wang S, Li T, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Reactivity studies involving a Lewis base supported terminal uranium phosphinidene metallocene [η5-1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2U(P-2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(OPMe3). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8349-8363. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small variations in the phosphinidene substituents, but significant change the reactivity of the uranium phosphinidene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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16
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Wang D, Ding W, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Experimental and Computational Studies on a Base-Free Terminal Uranium Phosphinidene Metallocene. Chemistry 2020; 26:16888-16899. [PMID: 32744750 PMCID: PMC7756876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first stable base‐free terminal uranium phosphinidene metallocene is presented; and its structure and reactivity have been studied in detail and compared to that of the corresponding thorium derivative. Salt metathesis reaction of the methyl iodide uranium metallocene Cp’’’2U(I)Me (2, Cp’’’=η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2) with Mes*PHK (Mes*=2,4,6‐(Me3C)3C6H2) in THF yields the base‐free terminal uranium phosphinidene metallocene, Cp’’’2U=PMes* (3). In addition, density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest substantial 5f orbital contributions to the bonding within the uranium phosphinidene [U]=PAr moiety, which results in a more covalent bonding between the [Cp’’’2U]2+ and [Mes*P]2− fragments than that for the related thorium derivative. This difference in bonding besides steric reasons causes different reactivity patterns for both molecules. Therefore, the uranium derivative 3 may act as a Cp’’’2U(II) synthon releasing the phosphinidene moiety (Mes*P:) when treated with alkynes or a variety of hetero‐unsaturated molecules such as imines, thiazoles, ketazines, bipy, organic azides, diazene derivatives, ketones, and carbodiimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Ma W, Douair I, Maron L, Ye Q. Incorporation of Boron into Uranium Metallacycles: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Boron-Containing Uranacycles Derived from Bis(alkynyl)boranes. Chemistry 2020; 26:13573-13577. [PMID: 32761976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of uranacyclopropene complex (C5 Me5 )2 U[η2 -1,2-C2 (SiMe3 )2 ] with B-aryl bis(alkynyl)borane PhB(C≡CPh)2 led to the first six-membered uranium metallaboracycle, while the reaction with B-amino bis(alkynyl)borane (Me3 Si)2 NB(C≡CPh)2 afforded an unexpected uranaborabicyclo[2.2.0] complex via [2+2] cycloaddition. The reaction with CuCl revealed the non-innocent property of the rearranged bis(alkynyl)boron species towards oxidant. The reactions with isocyanide DippNC: (Dipp=2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ) and isocyanate tBuNCO afforded the novel uranaborabicyclo[3.2.0] complexes. All new complexes have been structurally characterized. DFT calculations were performed to provide more insights into the electronic structures and the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Ghorai S, Jemmis ED. Structures and bonding in [L]M(μ-CCR) 2M[L] and [L]M(μ-RC 4R)M[L]: requirements for C-C coupling. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5157-5166. [PMID: 32236179 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical analysis of [L]M(μ-CCR)2M[L] and [L]M(μ-RC4R)M[L], where M represents the selected elements from the main group, transition metals, lanthanides and actinides, shows how the central (μ-CCR)2 and (μ-RC4R) units reorganize as M traverses across the periodic table. In this context transition metal and actinide complexes are similar in nature, while lanthanide and main group complexes show similarity. The ground state electronic configuration and thus the metal oxidation state control these striking differences. An effective way to stabilize the (iii) oxidation state of thorium in a metallacycle complex is shown for the first time. A strategy is proposed to make a cross-connection between the two sets. The approach used here lends itself to obvious extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Ghorai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
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19
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Kelley MP, Popov IA, Jung J, Batista ER, Yang P. δ and φ back-donation in An IV metallacycles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1558. [PMID: 32214090 PMCID: PMC7096508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In all known examples of metal-ligand (M-L) δ and φ bonds, the metal orbitals are aligned to the ligand orbitals in a "head-to-head" or "side-to-head" fashion. Here, we report two fundamentally new types of M-L δ and φ interactions; "head-to-side" δ and "side-to-side" φ back-bonding, found in complexes of metallacyclopropenes and metallacyclocumulenes of actinides (Pa-Pu) that makes them distinct from their corresponding Group 4 analogues. In addition to the known Th and U complexes, our calculations include complexes of Pa, Np, and Pu. In contrast with conventional An-C bond decreasing, due to the actinide contraction, the An-C distance increases from Pa to Pu. We demonstrate that the direct L-An σ and π donations combined with the An-L δ or φ back-donations are crucial in explaining this non-classical trend of the An-L bond lengths in both series, underscoring the significance of these δ/φ back-donation interactions, and their importance for complexes of Pa and U in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P Kelley
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Julie Jung
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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20
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Rosenthal U. Equilibria and mesomerism/valence tautomerism of group 4 metallocene complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2119-2139. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Priority of equilibrium: reactivity of unusual group 4 metallocene complexes is best explained by the equilibrium and only additionally by the mesomerism/valence tautomerism. The equilibrium predominates the empirically found experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock
- 19059 Rostock
- Germany
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21
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Zhang C, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. An Alkali-Metal Halide-Bridged Actinide Phosphinidiide Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1571-1590. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Hou G, Ding W, Zi G, Walter MD. Experimental and computational studies on a three-membered diphosphido thorium metallaheterocycle [η5-1,3-(Me3C)2C5H3]2Th[η2-P2(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)2]. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6921-6930. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A three-membered diphosphido thorium metallaheterocycle complex was prepared and its reactivity was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Yongsong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Preparation of a potassium chloride bridged thorium phosphinidiide complex and its reactivity towards small organic molecules. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The steric and electronic properties of the coordinated ligands modulate the reactivity of thorium phosphinidene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30
- Braunschweig
- Germany
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24
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Zhang C, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. A base-free terminal thorium phosphinidene metallocene and its reactivity toward selected organic molecules. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2377-2387. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule activation mediated by a base-free terminal phosphinidene thorium metallocene is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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25
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Wu W, Rehe D, Hrobárik P, Kornienko AY, Emge TJ, Brennan JG. Molecular Thorium Compounds with Dichalcogenide Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, 77Se NMR Study, and Thermolysis. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14821-14833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - David Rehe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Y. Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - John G. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
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26
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Zhang C, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. A Base-Free Terminal Actinide Phosphinidene Metallocene: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Computational Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14511-14525. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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27
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Pagano JK, Scott BL, Morris DE, Kiplinger JL. Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of the first uranium metallocene 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Abstract
All-carbon metallacycles of the d-transition metals have received widespread attention over the past three decades because of their exceptional intrinsic reactivity. However, in recent years, significant progress has also been made in the synthesis and characterization of actinide metallacyclopropenes, metallacyclopentadienes, and metallacyclocumulenes (metallacyclopentatrienes). Such actinide metallacycles are of interest because of their unique structural properties, their potential application in novel group transfer reactions and catalysis, as well as their ability to engage the 5f orbitals in metal-ligand bonding. This short review summarizes the latest developments in this area focusing on all-carbon actinide metallacycles, i.e., metallacyclopropenes, metallacyclopentadienes, and metallacyclocumulenes (metallacyclopentatrienes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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29
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Long L, Zhou X, Wang T, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xia H. Synthesis of Imidazopyridinium-Fused Metallacycloallene via One-Pot Reaction of η2-Alkynol-Coordinated Osmacycle with 2-Aminopyridine. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Long
- State Key Laboratory for
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongdao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory for
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Ortu F, Formanuik A, Innes JR, Mills DP. New vistas in the molecular chemistry of thorium: low oxidation state complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 45:7537-49. [PMID: 27094204 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the molecular chemistry of thorium is dominated by the +4 oxidation state accounts of Th(iii) complexes have continued to increase in frequency since the first structurally characterised example was reported thirty years ago. The isolation of the first Th(ii) complexes in 2015 and exciting recent Th(iii) and Th(ii) reactivity studies both indicate that this long-neglected area is set to undergo a rapid expansion in research activity over the next decade, as previously seen since the turn of the millennium for analogous U(iii) small molecule activation chemistry. In this perspective article, we review synthetic routes to Th(iii) and Th(ii) complexes and summarise their distinctive physical properties. We provide a near-chronological discussion of these systems, focusing on structurally characterised examples, and cover complementary theoretical studies that rationalise electronic structures. All reactivity studies of Th(iii) and Th(ii) complexes that have been reported to date are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Alasdair Formanuik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - James R Innes
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David P Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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31
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Zhang C, Yang P, Zhou E, Deng X, Zi G, Walter MD. Reactivity of a Lewis Base Supported Thorium Terminal Imido Metallocene toward Small Organic Molecules. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pikun Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Enwei Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuebin Deng
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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32
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Zhang L, Fang B, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Experimental and Computational Studies of a Uranium Metallacyclocumulene. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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33
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Pagano JK, Erickson KA, Scott BL, Morris DE, Waterman R, Kiplinger JL. Synthesis and characterization of a new and electronically unusual uranium metallacyclocumulene, (C5Me5)2U(η4-1,2,3,4-PhC4Ph). J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Zhang L, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Preparation of a uranium metallacyclocumulene and its reactivity towards unsaturated organic molecules. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3716-3728. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Steric and electronic properties of the coordinated ligands exert a pronounced influence on the reactivity of the uranium metallacyclocumulene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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35
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Yang P, Zhou E, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Experimental and Computational Studies on the Formation of Thorium-Copper Heterobimetallics. Chemistry 2016; 22:13845-13849. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pikun Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Enwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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36
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37
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Yang P, Zhou E, Fang B, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Preparation of (η5-C5Me5)2Th(bipy) and Its Reactivity toward Small Molecules. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pikun Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Enwei Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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39
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Zhang L, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Influence of the 5f Orbitals on the Bonding and Reactivity in Organoactinides: Experimental and Computational Studies on a Uranium Metallacyclopropene. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5130-42. [PMID: 27070508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of a uranium metallacyclopropene were comprehensively studied. Reduction of (η(5)-C5Me5)2UCl2 (1) with potassium graphite (KC8) in the presence of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (Me3SiC≡CSiMe3) allows the first stable uranium metallacyclopropene (η(5)-C5Me5)2U[η(2)-C2(SiMe3)2] (2) to be isolated. Magnetic susceptibility data confirm that 2 is a U(IV) complex, and density functional theory (DFT) studies indicate substantial 5f orbital contributions to the bonding of the metallacyclopropene U-(η(2)-C═C) moiety, leading to more covalent bonds between the (η(5)-C5Me5)2U(2+) and [η(2)-C2(SiMe3)2](2-) fragments than those in the related Th(IV) compound. Consequently, very different reactivity patterns emerge, e.g., 2 can act as a source for the (η(5)-C5Me5)2U(II) fragment when reacted with alkynes and a variety of heterounsaturated molecules such as imines, bipy, carbodiimide, organic azides, hydrazine, and azo derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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40
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Fang B, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Steric and Electronic Influences of Internal Alkynes on the Formation of Thorium Metallacycles: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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41
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Zhang L, Fang B, Hou G, Ai L, Ding W, Walter MD, Zi G. Intrinsic reactivity of a uranium metallacyclopropene toward unsaturated organic molecules. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16441-16452. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A uranium metallacyclopropene shows a rich chemistry in the activation of small molecules by two electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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