1
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Sahil ST, McCardle KM, Le Magueres P, Panetier JA, Jurss JW. Investigations of a Copper(II) Bipyridyl- N-Heterocyclic Carbene Macrocycle for CO 2 Reduction: Apparent Formation of an Imidazolium Carboxylate Intermediate Leading to Demetalation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34555-34566. [PMID: 39157073 PMCID: PMC11325401 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A copper complex supported by a redox-active bipyridyl-N-heterocyclic carbene based ligand framework is reported. From X-ray crystallography, the tetradentate macrocycle provides a distorted square planar geometry around the copper metal center. The complex was investigated for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in acetonitrile solutions. Electronic structure calculations were performed on the complex and associated intermediates to provide a fundamental understanding of the metal-ligand redox chemistry and are compared to the previously reported nickel and cobalt analogues. Unlike its predecessors, which are active catalysts for the CO2RR, the copper complex decomposes under reducing conditions in the presence of CO2. A novel decomposition route involving coordination of CO2 to an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donor of the macrocyclic ligand is proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which is supported by isolation of a putative ligand-CO2 adduct from the electrolyzed solution and its characterization by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The noninnocent behavior of the NHC donors presented here may have important implications for the stability and reactivity of other complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbenes, and further suggests that cooperative and productive pathways involving metal-bound NHCs could be exploited for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tamanna Sahil
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. McCardle
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York
at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | | | - Julien A. Panetier
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York
at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jonah W. Jurss
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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2
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Richter ML, Peris E, Gonell S. Influence of the Bis-Carbene Ligand on Manganese Catalysts for CO 2 Electroreduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401007. [PMID: 38962948 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
First row transition metal complexes have attracted attention as abundant and affordable electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Manganese complexes bearing bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands defining 6-membered ring metallacycles have proven to reduce CO2 to CO selectively at very high rates. Herein, we report the synthesis of manganese carbonyl complexes supported by a rigid ortho-phenylene bridged bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (ortho-phenylene-bis(N-methylimidazol-2-ylidene), Ph-bis-mim), which defines a 7-membered ring metallacycle. We performed a comparative study with the analogues complexes bearing an ethylene-bis(N-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) ligand (C2H4-bis-mim) and a methylene-bis(N-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) ligand (CH2-bis-mim), and found that catalysts comprising a seven-membered metallacycle retain similar selectivity and activity as those with six-membered metallacycles, while reducing the overpotential by 120-190 mV. Our findings reveal general design principles for manganese bis-N-heterocyclic carbene electrocatalysts, which can guide further designs of affordable, fast and low overpotential catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin L Richter
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Sergio Gonell
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., E-12071, Castellón, Spain
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3
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Khurshid A, Tanveer T, Hafeez K, Ahmed M, Akhtar Z, Zafar MN. Palladium-anchored donor-flexible pyridylidene amide (PYA) electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34817-34825. [PMID: 38035229 PMCID: PMC10686039 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into CO as a substitute for processing fossil fuels to produce hydrocarbons is a sustainable, carbon neutral energy technology. However, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into a synthesis gas (CO and H2) at a commercial scale requires an efficient electrocatalyst. In this perspective, a series of six new palladium complexes with the general formula [Pd(L)(Y)]Y, where L is a donor-flexible PYA, N2,N6-bis(1-ethylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, N2,N6-bis(1-butylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, or N2,N6-bis(1-benzylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, and Y = OAc or Cl-, were utilized as active electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 into a synthesis gas. These palladium(ii) pincer complexes were synthesized from their respective H-PYA proligands using 1,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or sodium acetate as a base. All the compounds were successfully characterized by various physical methods of analysis, such as proton and carbon NMR, FTIR, CHN, and single-crystal XRD. The redox chemistry of palladium complexes toward carbon dioxide activation suggested an evident CO2 interaction with each Pd(ii) catalyst. [Pd(N2,N6-bis(1-ethylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide)(Cl)]Cl showed the best electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction into a synthesis gas under the acidic condition of trifluoracetic acid (TFA) with a minimum overpotential of 0.40 V, a maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of 101 s-1, and 58% FE of CO. This pincer scaffold could be stereochemically tuned with the exploration of earth abundant first row transition metals for further improvements in the CO2 reduction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Khurshid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Tania Tanveer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Komal Hafeez
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan
| | - Zareen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - M Naveed Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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4
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Singh KK, Gerke CS, Saund SS, Zito AM, Siegler MA, Thoi VS. CO 2 Activation with Manganese Tricarbonyl Complexes through an H-Atom Responsive Benzimidazole Ligand. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300796. [PMID: 37519094 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two manganese tricarbonyl complexes, MnI (HL)(CO)3 Br (1 a-Br) and MnI (MeL)(CO)3 Br (1 b-Br) (where HL=2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole; MeL=1-methyl-2-(2'-pyridy)benzimidazole) and assayed their electrocatalytic properties for CO2 reduction. A redox-active pyridine benzimidazole ancillary ligand in complex 1 a-Br displayed unique hydrogen atom transfer ability to facilitate electrocatalytic CO2 conversion at a markedly lower reduction potential than that observed for 1 b-Br. Notably, a one-electron reduction of 1 a-Br yields a structurally characterized H-bonded binuclear Mn(I) adduct (2 a') rather than the typically observed Mn(0)-Mn(0) dimer, suggesting a novel method for CO2 activation. Combining advanced electrochemical, spectroscopic, and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, we demonstrate the use of an H-atom responsive ligand may reveal an alternative, low-energy pathway for CO2 activation by an earth-abundant metal complex catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Carter S Gerke
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Simran S Saund
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Alessandra M Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - V Sara Thoi
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
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5
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Mandal A, Ganguli K, Pradhan M, Gorai A, Kundu S. Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of C=O and Conjugated C=C Bonds Using An NHC-Based Pincer (CNC)Mn I Complex in Methanol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300683. [PMID: 37287441 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Base metal catalyzed transfer hydrogenation reactions using methanol is highly challenging. Employing a single N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based pincer (CNC)MnI complex, chemoselective single and double transfer hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated ketones to saturated ketones or alcohols by utilizing methanol as the hydrogen source is disclosed. The protocol was tolerant towards the selective transfer hydrogenation of C=C or C=O bonds in the presence of several other reducible functional groups and led to the synthesis of several biologically relevant molecules and natural products. Notably, this is the first report of a Mn-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl groups with methanol. Several control experiments, kinetic studies, Hammett studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to understand the mechanistic details of this catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, India
| | - Kasturi Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, India
| | - Manoj Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, India
| | - Akhanda Gorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, India
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6
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Florian J, Cole JM. Analyzing Structure-Activity Variations for Mn-Carbonyl Complexes in the Reduction of CO 2 to CO. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:318-335. [PMID: 36541860 PMCID: PMC9832541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 often suffer from low stability, activity, and selectivity, or a combination thereof. Mn-carbonyl complexes represent a promising class of molecular electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO as they are able to promote this reaction at relatively mild overpotentials, whereby rare-earth metals are not required. The electronic and geometric structure of the reaction center of these molecular electrocatalysts is precisely known and can be tuned via ligand modifications. However, ligand characteristics that are required to achieve high catalytic turnover at minimal overpotential remain unclear. We consider 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes, which have previously been synthesized and characterized experimentally. Four intermediates were identified that are common across all catalytic mechanisms proposed for Mn-carbonyl complexes, and their structures were used to calculate descriptors for each of the 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes. These electronic-structure-based descriptors encompass the binding energies, the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and partial charges. Trends in turnover frequency and overpotential with these descriptors were analyzed to afford meaningful physical insights into what ligand characteristics lead to good catalytic performance, and how this is affected by the reaction conditions. These insights can be expected to significantly contribute to the rational design of more active Mn-carbonyl electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Florian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline M. Cole
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus for Science and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.,
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7
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Shipp J, Parker S, Spall S, Peralta-Arriaga SL, Robertson CC, Chekulaev D, Portius P, Turega S, Buckley A, Rothman R, Weinstein JA. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to CO in Aqueous Solution under Red-Light Irradiation by a Zn-Porphyrin-Sensitized Mn(I) Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13281-13292. [PMID: 35960651 PMCID: PMC9446891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This work demonstrates photocatalytic CO2 reduction
by a noble-metal-free photosensitizer-catalyst system in aqueous solution
under red-light irradiation. A water-soluble Mn(I) tricarbonyl diimine
complex, [MnBr(4,4′-{Et2O3PCH2}2-2,2′-bipyridyl)(CO)3] (1), has been fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray crystallography,
and shown to reduce CO2 to CO following photosensitization
by tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin Zn(II) tetrachloride
[Zn(TMPyP)]Cl4 (2) under 625 nm irradiation.
This is the first example of 2 employed as a photosensitizer
for CO2 reduction. The incorporation of −P(O)(OEt)2 groups, decoupled from the core of the catalyst by a −CH2– spacer, afforded water solubility without compromising
the electronic properties of the catalyst. The photostability of the
active Mn(I) catalyst over prolonged periods of irradiation with red
light was confirmed by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. This first report on Mn(I) species as a homogeneous
photocatalyst, working in water and under red light, illustrates further
future prospects of intrinsically photounstable Mn(I) complexes as
solar-driven catalysts in an aqueous environment. A Mn(I) bipyridyl tricarbonyl complex,
where the diimine
ligand is functionalized with water-solubilizing phosphonate ester
groups, has been prepared and is shown to catalytically convert CO2 to CO in aqueous solution following photosensitization from
a water-soluble Zn(II) porphyrin under red-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven Spall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Craig C Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Peter Portius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon Turega
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - Alastair Buckley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Rachael Rothman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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8
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Pokhrel T, B K B, Giri R, Adhikari A, Ahmed N. C-H Bond Functionalization under Electrochemical Flow Conditions. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100338. [PMID: 35315954 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H functionalization is a rapidly growing area of interest in organic synthesis. To achieve maximum atom economy, the flow electrolysis process is more sustainable. This allows shorter reaction times, safer working environments, and better selectivities. Using this technology, the problem of overoxidation can be reduced and less emergence of side products or no side products are possible. Flow electro-reactors provide high surface-to-volume ratios and contain electrodes that are closely spaced where the diffusion layers overlap to give the desired product, electrochemical processes can now be managed without the need for a deliberately added supporting electrolyte. Considering the importance of flow electrochemical C-H functionalization, a comprehensive review is presented. Herein, we summarize flow electrolysis for the construction of C-C and C-X (X=O, N, S, and I) bonds formation. Also, benzylic oxidation and access to biologically active molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlal Pokhrel
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijaya B K
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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9
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Friães S, Realista S, Mourão H, Royo B. N‐Heterocyclic and Mesoionic Carbenes of Manganese and Rhenium in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Royo
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras PORTUGAL
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10
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Highly active electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with manganese N-heterocyclic carbene pincer by para electronic tuning. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Watt FA, Sieland B, Dickmann N, Schoch R, Herbst-Irmer R, Ott H, Paradies J, Kuckling D, Hohloch S. Coupling of CO 2 and epoxides catalysed by novel N-fused mesoionic carbene complexes of nickel(II). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17361-17371. [PMID: 34788774 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of two rigid mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands with a carbazole backbone via an intramolecular Finkelstein-cyclisation cascade and investigate their coordination behavior towards nickel(II) acetate. Despite the nickel(II) carbene complexes 4a,b showing only minor differences in their chemical composition, they display curious differences in their chemical properties, e.g. solubility. Furthermore, the potential of these novel MIC complexes in the coupling of carbon dioxide and epoxides as well as the differences in reactivity compared to classical NHC-derived complexes are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Watt
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sieland
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Nicole Dickmann
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Ott
- Bruker AXS GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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13
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Huang C, Liu J, Huang HH, Ke Z. Recent progress in electro- and photo-catalytic CO2 reduction using N-heterocyclic carbene transition metal complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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15
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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16
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Buhaibeh R, Duhayon C, Valyaev DA, Sortais JB, Canac Y. Cationic PCP and PCN NHC Core Pincer-Type Mn(I) Complexes: From Synthesis to Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaya Buhaibeh
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, Paris CEDEX 5 75231, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
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17
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Saha S, Sahil ST, Mazumder MMR, Stephens AM, Cronin B, Duin EC, Jurss JW, Farnum BH. Synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic activity of bis(pyridylimino)isoindoline Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:926-935. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Similar structure observed between Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) based bis(pyridylimino)isoindole complexes, yet greatly different levels of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Auburn University
- Auburn
- USA
| | - Sha Tamanna Sahil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | | | | | - Bryan Cronin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Auburn University
- Auburn
- USA
| | - Evert C. Duin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Auburn University
- Auburn
- USA
| | - Jonah W. Jurss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Auburn University
- Auburn
- USA
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Guo S. Transition Metal Complexes Supported by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based Pincer Platforms: Synthesis, Reactivity and Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
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19
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Abstract
The decrease of total amount of atmospheric CO2 is an important societal challenge in which CO2 reduction has an important role to play. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with homogeneous catalysts is based on highly tunable catalyst design and exploits an abundant C1 source to make valuable products such as fuels and fuel precursors. These methods can also take advantage of renewable electricity as a green reductant. Mn-based catalysts offer these benefits while incorporating a relatively cheap and abundant first-row transition metal. Historically, interest in this field started with Mn(bpy-R)(CO)3X, whose performance matched that of its Re counterparts while achieving substantially lower overpotentials. This review examines an emerging class of homogeneous Mn-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, Mn complexes with meridional tridentate coordination also known as Mn pincers, most of which contain redox-active ligands that enable multi-electron catalysis. Although there are relatively few examples in the literature thus far, these catalysts bring forth new catalytic mechanisms not observed for the well-established Mn(bpy-R)(CO)3X catalysts, and show promising reactivity for future studies.
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20
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Romain C, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Recent progress on NHC-stabilized early transition metal (group 3–7) complexes: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Abdinejad M, Hossain MN, Kraatz HB. Homogeneous and heterogeneous molecular catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38013-38023. [PMID: 35515175 PMCID: PMC9057206 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas whose presence in the atmosphere significantly contributes to climate change. Developing sustainable, cost-effective pathways to convert CO2 into higher value chemicals is essential to curb its atmospheric presence. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to value-added chemicals using molecular catalysis currently attracts a lot of attention, since it provides an efficient and promising way to increase CO2 utilization. Introducing amino groups as substituents to molecular catalysts is a promising approach towards improving capture and reduction of CO2. This review explores recently developed state-of-the-art molecular catalysts with a focus on heterogeneous and homogeneous amine molecular catalysts for electroreduction of CO2. The relationship between the structural properties of the molecular catalysts and CO2 electroreduction will be highlighted in this review. We will also discuss recent advances in the heterogeneous field by examining different immobilization techniques and their relation with molecular structure and conductive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdinejad
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough 1265 Military Trail Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - M Nur Hossain
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough 1265 Military Trail Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough 1265 Military Trail Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
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22
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Al-Noaimi M, Awwadi FF, Hammoudeh A, Abdel-Rahman OS, Alwahsh MI. Ruthenium (II) quinoline-azoimine complex: Synthesis, crystalline structures spectroelectrochemistry and catalytic properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Research Progress in Conversion of CO 2 to Valuable Fuels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163653. [PMID: 32796612 PMCID: PMC7465062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth in the world's economy depends on a significant increase in energy consumption. As is known, most of the present energy supply comes from coal, oil, and natural gas. The overreliance on fossil energy brings serious environmental problems in addition to the scarcity of energy. One of the most concerning environmental problems is the large contribution to global warming because of the massive discharge of CO2 in the burning of fossil fuels. Therefore, many efforts have been made to resolve such issues. Among them, the preparation of valuable fuels or chemicals from greenhouse gas (CO2) has attracted great attention because it has made a promising step toward simultaneously resolving the environment and energy problems. This article reviews the current progress in CO2 conversion via different strategies, including thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, light-capturing agents including macrocycles with conjugated structures similar to chlorophyll have attracted increasing attention. Using such macrocycles as photosensitizers, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, or coupling with enzymatic reactions were conducted to fulfill the conversion of CO2 with high efficiency and specificity. Recent progress in enzyme coupled to photocatalysis and enzyme coupled to photoelectrocatalysis were specially reviewed in this review. Additionally, the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different conversion methods were also presented. We wish to provide certain constructive ideas for new investigators and deep insights into the research of CO2 conversion.
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24
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Chemical and Electrochemical Recycling of End-Use Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Plastics in Batch, Microwave and Electrochemical Reactors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122742. [PMID: 32545718 PMCID: PMC7356924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes new methods for the chemical recycling of end-use poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in batch, microwave and electrochemical reactors. The reactions are based on basic hydrolysis of the ester moieties in the polymer framework and occur under mild reaction conditions with low-cost reagents. We report end-use PET depolymerization in refluxing methanol with added NaOH with 75% yield of terephthalic acid in batch after 12 h, while yields up to 65% can be observed after only 40 min under microwave irradiation at 85 °C. Using basic conditions produced in the electrochemical reduction of protic solvents, electrolytic experiments have been shown to produce 17% terephthalic acid after 1 h of electrolysis at −2.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 50% water/methanol mixtures with NaCl as a supporting electrolyte. The latter method avoids the use of caustic solutions containing high-concentration NaOH at the outset, thus proving the concept for a novel, environmentally benign method for the electrochemical recycling of end-use PET based on low-cost solvents (water and methanol) and reagents (NaCl and electricity).
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25
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Lan XB, Ye Z, Liu J, Huang M, Shao Y, Cai X, Liu Y, Ke Z. Sustainable and Selective Alkylation of Deactivated Secondary Alcohols to Ketones by Non-bifunctional Pincer N-heterocyclic Carbene Manganese. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2557-2563. [PMID: 32233008 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable and green route to access diverse functionalized ketones via dehydrogenative-dehydrative cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols is demonstrated. This borrowing hydrogen approach employing a pincer N-heterocyclic carbene Mn complex displays high activity and selectivity. A variety of primary and secondary alcohols are well tolerant and result in satisfactory isolated yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction proceeds via a direct outer-sphere mechanism and the dehydrogenation of the secondary alcohol substrates plays a vital role in the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Lan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zongren Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Youxiang Shao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Department of Light Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic, Foshan, 528041, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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26
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Daryanavard M, Masoumpour MS. A new polypyridyl‐based Ru (II) complex as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO
2
reduction. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Daryanavard
- Department of ChemistryEstahban Higher Education Center Estahban 74519‐44655 Iran
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27
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Henke WC, Otolski CJ, Moore WNG, Elles CG, Blakemore JD. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of [Mn(CO) 3] Complexes: Tuning the Kinetics of Light-Driven CO Release and Solvent Binding. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2178-2187. [PMID: 31990533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese tricarbonyl complexes are promising catalysts for CO2 reduction, but complexes in this family are often photosensitive and decompose rapidly upon exposure to visible light. In this report, synthetic and photochemical studies probe the initial steps of light-driven speciation for Mn(CO)3(Rbpy)Br complexes bearing a range of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands (Rbpy, where R = tBu, H, CF3, NO2). Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements for Mn(CO)3(Rbpy)Br coordination compounds with R = tBu, H, and CF3 in acetonitrile reveal ultrafast loss of a CO ligand on the femtosecond time scale, followed by solvent coordination on the picosecond time scale. The Mn(CO)3(NO2bpy)Br complex is unique among the four compounds in having a longer-lived excited state that does not undergo CO release or subsequent solvent coordination. The kinetics of photolysis and solvent coordination for light-sensitive complexes depend on the electronic properties of the disubstituted bipyridyl ligand. The results indicate that both metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and dissociative ligand-field (d-d) excited states play a role in the ultrafast photochemistry. Taken together, the findings suggest that more robust catalysts could be prepared with appropriately designed complexes that avoid crossing between the excited states that drive photochemical CO loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade C Henke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Christopher J Otolski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - William N G Moore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
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28
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Myren THT, Alherz A, Stinson TA, Huntzinger CG, Lama B, Musgrave CB, Luca OR. Metalloradical intermediates in electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO: Mn versus Re bis-N-heterocyclic carbene pincers. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2053-2057. [PMID: 31971534 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04691g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the relative reactivities of ReI and MnI tricarbonyl pyridine-2,6-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene pincers M(CO)3CNCBnX (M = Re, Mn and X = Cl and Br) towards catalysis for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO. Unlike prior well-studied group VII catalysts, Mn(CO)3CNCBnX is extraordinarily active, while the new Re(CO)3CNCBnX complex surprisingly does not exhibit catalytic response. DFT calculations shed light on this puzzling behavior and show that the redox-active pyridine-2,6-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand facilitates the reduction of the ground-state complexes; however, the extent of electronic delocalization in the reduced intermediates differs in the degree of metalloradical character. The highly-active Mn(CO)3CNCBnX complex proceeds through an intermediate with nucleophilic metalloradical character in which 66% of the unpaired electron spin resides on Mn. In contrast, Re(CO)3CNCBnX reduction proceeds through an intermediate with less metalloradical character in which only 38% of the unpaired spin is localized on Re with the remainder delocalized over the ligand. The energetic penalty of the electron delocalization of an electron on the ligand affects the M-CO bond strengths and related kinetic barriers. We discuss these observations in the context of turnover-enabling effects in CO2 reductions mediated by group VII NHC pincer molecular electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa H T Myren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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29
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Myren THT, Alherz A, Thurston JR, Stinson TA, Huntzinger CG, Musgrave CB, Luca OR. Mn-Based Molecular Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Disproportionation of CO2 into CO and CO32–. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Franco F, Rettenmaier C, Jeon HS, Roldan Cuenya B. Transition metal-based catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction: from atoms and molecules to nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6884-6946. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00835d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the main strategies for the rational design of transition metal-based catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of CO2, ranging from molecular systems to single-atom and nanostructured catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Franco
- Department of Interface Science
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Clara Rettenmaier
- Department of Interface Science
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Hyo Sang Jeon
- Department of Interface Science
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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31
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Mast ZJ, Myren THT, Huntzinger CG, Stinson TA, Kharbouch RM, Almanza EM, Zygmont SE, Miecznikowski JR, Luca OR. Cu I SNS triazole and imidazole pincers as electrocatalyst precursors for the production of solar fuels. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first example of mono-nuclear Cu pincers with SNS ligation acting as electrocatalyst precursors for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to CO and H2 in protic organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Mast
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Tessa H. T. Myren
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Chloe G. Huntzinger
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Taylor A. Stinson
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Rami M. Kharbouch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Fairfield University
- Fairfield
- 06824 USA
| | - Emilse M. Almanza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Fairfield University
- Fairfield
- 06824 USA
| | - Samantha E. Zygmont
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Fairfield University
- Fairfield
- 06824 USA
| | | | - Oana R. Luca
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
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32
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Talukdar K, Issa A, Jurss JW. Synthesis of a Redox-Active NNP-Type Pincer Ligand and Its Application to Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction With First-Row Transition Metal Complexes. Front Chem 2019; 7:330. [PMID: 31165057 PMCID: PMC6536570 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a rigid phosphine-substituted, redox-active pincer ligand and its application to electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with first-row transition metal complexes. The tridentate ligand was prepared by Stille coupling of 2,8-dibromoquinoline and 2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine, followed by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with HPPh2. Complexes were synthesized from a variety of metal precursors and characterized by NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. Formation of bis-chelated metal complexes, rather than mono-chelated complexes, was favored in all synthetic conditions explored. The complexes were assessed for their ability to mediate electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, where the cobalt complex was found to have the best activity for CO2-to-CO conversion in the presence of water as an added proton source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Asala Issa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Jonah W Jurss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
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33
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Tignor SE, Shaw TW, Bocarsly AB. Elucidating the origins of enhanced CO2 reduction in manganese electrocatalysts bearing pendant hydrogen-bond donors. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12730-12737. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic analysis showing the critical importance of an intramolecular hydrogen bond for improved insight and understanding in CO2 electroreduction.
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34
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Jiang C, Nichols AW, Machan CW. A look at periodic trends in d-block molecular electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9454-9468. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00491b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodic trends in the electronic structure of the transition metal centers can be used to explain the observed CO2 reduction activities in molecular electrocatalysts for CO2 reductions. Research activities concerning both horizontal and vertical trends have been summarized with mononuclear complexes from Group 6 to Group 10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asa W. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
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