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Carli B, Salaverri N, Martinez-Fernandez L, Goicuría M, Alemán J, Marzo L. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Ring Opening of Cycloalkanols Followed by a Giese Radical Addition Enabled by an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2024; 26:4542-4547. [PMID: 38775727 PMCID: PMC11148845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between electron-rich cycloalkanols and electron-deficient alkenes that triggers the proton-coupled electron transfer ring opening of strained and unstrained cycloalkanols without the need for an external photocatalyst. This activation generates a remote alkyl radical that undergoes a Giese reaction with the Michael acceptor in an efficient manner. Mechanistic investigations corroborate both the formation of the EDA complex and the consecutive Giese reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Carli
- Organic Chemistry Department
(Módulo 1), Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Calle Francisco
Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Salaverri
- Organic Chemistry Department
(Módulo 1), Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Calle Francisco
Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Goicuría
- Organic Chemistry Department
(Módulo 1), Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Calle Francisco
Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Wu H, Chen S, Liu C, Zhao Q, Wang Z, Jin Q, Sun S, Guo J, He X, Walsh PJ, Shang Y. Construction of C-S and C-Se Bonds from Unstrained Ketone Precursors under Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314790. [PMID: 38185472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A mild photoredox catalyzed construction of sulfides, disulfides, selenides, sulfoxides and sulfones from unstrained ketone precursors is introduced. Combination of this deacylative process with SN 2 or coupling reactions provides novel and convenient modular strategies toward unsymmetrical or symmetric disulfides. Reactivity studies favor a bromine radical that initiates a HAT (Hydrogen Atom Transfer) from the aminal intermediate resulting in expulsion of a C-centered radical that is intercepted to make C-S and C-Se bonds. Gram scale reactions, broad substrate scope and tolerance towards various functional groups render this method appealing for future applications in the synthesis of organosulfur and selenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Chunni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Qiren Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
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3
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Hashemi A, Khakpour R, Mahdian A, Busch M, Peljo P, Laasonen K. Density functional theory and machine learning for electrochemical square-scheme prediction: an application to quinone-type molecules relevant to redox flow batteries. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2023; 2:1565-1576. [PMID: 38013904 PMCID: PMC10561546 DOI: 10.1039/d3dd00091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Proton-electron transfer (PET) reactions are rather common in chemistry and crucial in energy storage applications. How electrons and protons are involved or which mechanism dominates is strongly molecule and pH dependent. Quantum chemical methods can be used to assess redox potential (Ered.) and acidity constant (pKa) values but the computations are rather time consuming. In this work, supervised machine learning (ML) models are used to predict PET reactions and analyze molecular space. The data for ML have been created by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Random forest regression models are trained and tested on a dataset that we created. The dataset contains more than 8200 quinone-type organic molecules that each underwent two proton and two electron transfer reactions. Both structural and chemical descriptors are used. The HOMO of the reactant and LUMO of the product participating in the oxidation reaction appeared to be strongly associated with Ered.. Trained models using a SMILES-based structural descriptor can efficiently predict the pKa and Ered. with a mean absolute error of less than 1 and 66 mV, respectively. Good prediction accuracy of R2 > 0.76 and >0.90 was also obtained on the external test set for Ered. and pKa, respectively. This hybrid DFT-ML study can be applied to speed up the screening of quinone-type molecules for energy storage and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Reza Khakpour
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Amir Mahdian
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Michael Busch
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku 20014 Turun Yliopisto Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
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4
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Mohamadpour F. Carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN) as a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore catalyzed gram-scale 2-amino-4H-chromene scaffolds photosynthesis via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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5
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Harmata AS, Roldan BJ, Stephenson CRJ. Formal Cycloadditions Driven by the Homolytic Opening of Strained, Saturated Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213003. [PMID: 36239998 PMCID: PMC9852095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The field of strain-driven, radical formal cycloadditions is experiencing a surge in activity motivated by a renaissance in free radical chemistry and growing demand for sp3 -rich ring systems. The former has been driven in large part by the rise of photoredox catalysis, and the latter by adoption of the "Escape from Flatland" concept in medicinal chemistry. In the years since these broader trends emerged, dozens of formal cycloadditions, including catalytic, asymmetric variants, have been developed that operate via radical mechanisms. While cyclopropanes have been studied most extensively, a variety of strained ring systems are amenable to the design of analogous reactions. Many of these processes generate lucrative, functionally decorated sp3 -rich ring systems that are difficult to access by other means. Herein, we summarize recent efforts in this area and analyze the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Harmata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1055
| | - Bec. J. Roldan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1055
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1055
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6
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Zhang X, Yang TM, Hu LM, Hu XH. Stereoselective Iron-Catalyzed Alkylation of Enamides with Cyclopropanols via Oxidative C(sp 2)–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:8677-8682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tian-Ming Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lu-Min Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xu-Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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7
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Salaverri N, Carli B, Gratal PB, Marzo L, Alemán J. Remote Giese Radical Addition by Photocatalytic Ring Opening of Activated Cycloalkanols. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Salaverri
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Benedetta Carli
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Patricia B. Gratal
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Leyre Marzo
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
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8
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Yu XC, Zhang CC, Wang LT, Li JZ, Li T, Wei WT. The synthesis of seven- and eight-membered rings by radical strategies. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical strategies for preparation of seven- or eight-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Chi Yu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Can-Can Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Ling-Tao Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jiao-Zhe Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
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9
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Lu J, Tong Y, Hao N, Zhang L, Wei J, Zhang Z, Fu Q, Yi D, Wang J, Mu Y, Pan X, Yang L, Wei S, Zhong L. Photocatalytic redox-neutral arylation of cyclopropanols with cyanoarenes via radical-mediated C–C and C–CN bond cleavage. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-arylated ketones widely exist in many biologically active molecules and natural products. Herein, we disrcibled a photocatalytic redox-neutral arylation of cyclopropanols with cyanoarenes via radical-mediated C–C and C–CN bond cleavage...
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10
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Xiong Y, Zhang X, Guo HM, Wu X. Photoredox/Persistent Radical Cation Dual Catalysis for Alkoxy Radical Generation from Alcohols. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present a mild and general strategy for the direct generation of alkoxy radical from simple aliphatic alcohols enabled by visible-light-induced photoredox/persistent radical cation dual catalysis. The...
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Wang J, Li X. Asymmetric β-Arylation of Cyclopropanols Enabled by Photoredox and Nickel Dual Catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3020-3026. [PMID: 35382467 PMCID: PMC8905987 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07237d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective functionalization and transformation of readily available cyclopropyl compounds are synthetically appealing yet challenging topics in organic synthesis. Here we report an asymmetric β-arylation of cyclopropanols with aryl bromides...
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
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12
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Sivanandan ST, Bharath Krishna R, Baiju TV, Mohan C. Visible‐Light‐Mediated Ring‐Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Bharath Krishna
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - Thekke V. Baiju
- Department of chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Chithra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
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13
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Lou C, Wang X, Lv L, Li Z. Iron-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanols with Alkenes and TBHP: Synthesis of 5-Oxo Peroxides. Org Lett 2021; 23:7608-7612. [PMID: 34528812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ring opening of cyclopropanols is rarely used in multicomponent reactions. Herein we report the three-component reaction of cyclopropanols with alkenes and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) catalyzed by an iron catalyst. This protocol enables the incorporation of both the β-carbonyl fragment and a peroxy unit across the C═C double bond regioselectively, thus allowing an efficient, facile access to 5-oxo peroxides. Modification of the biologically active molecules and various downstream derivatizations of the peroxides are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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