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Li Y, Han D, Luo Z, Lv X, Liu B. The Chan-Lam-type synthesis of thioimidazolium salts for thiol-(hetero)arene conjugation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4675-4678. [PMID: 38591667 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The design of stable and variable aryl linkers for conjugating drug moieties to the metabolism-related thiols is of importance in drug discovery. We disclosed that thioimidazolium groups are unique scaffolds for the thiol-(hetero)arene conjugation under mild conditions. The drug bound thioimidazolium salts, which are easily accessible via a copper-mediated Chan-Lam process in gram-scale, could be successfully applied to the late-stage coupling of bioactive thiols to construct a broad array of drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Dongchang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Zhibin Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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2
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Dang QQ, Liu XN, Li H, Wen ZK. Desulfurative Functionalization of β-Acyl Allylic Sulfides with N-H Free Indoles Highly Regioselective at C3 and N1 Positions: Rapid Access to α-Branched Enones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5200-5206. [PMID: 38500359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A regiodivergent allylation of 1H-indoles highly selectively at the C3 and N1 positions with β-acyl allylic sulfides through desulfurative C-C/C-N bond-forming reactions has been developed under mild conditions. Notably, the remarkable site-selective switch can be achieved by a delicate choice of solvents and bases. This cost-efficient method displays a broad substrate scope, good functional compatibility, and excellent site-selectivity, thus offering a divergent synthesis of indole substituted α-branched enones, which possess diverse potential opportunities for further applications and derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xue-Ni Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhen-Kang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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3
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Mouhsine B, Norlöff M, Ghouilem J, Sallustrau A, Taran F, Audisio D. Platform for Multiple Isotope Labeling via Carbon-Sulfur Bond Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8343-8351. [PMID: 38498972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we explore a nickel-catalyzed reversible carbon-sulfur (C-S) bond activation strategy to achieve selective sulfur isotope exchange. Isotopes are at the foundation of applications in life science, such as nuclear imaging, and are essential tools for the determination of pharmacokinetic and dynamic profiles of new pharmaceuticals. However, the insertion of an isotope into an organic molecule remains challenging, and current technologies are element-specific. Despite the ubiquitous presence of sulfur in many biologically active molecules, sulfur isotope labeling is an underexplored field, and sulfur isotope exchange has been overlooked. This approach enables us to move beyond standardized element-specific procedures and was applied to multiple isotopes, including deuterium, carbon-13, sulfur-34, and radioactive carbon-14. These results provide a unique platform for multiple isotope labeling and are compatible with a wide range of substrates, including pharmaceuticals. In addition, this technology proved its potential as an isotopic encryption device for organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchaib Mouhsine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maylis Norlöff
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juba Ghouilem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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4
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Zhao Q, Rahman MM, Zhou T, Yang S, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Wingtip-Flexible N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Unsymmetrical Connection between IMes and IPr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318703. [PMID: 38135660 PMCID: PMC10922840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
IMes (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IPr (IPr=1,3- bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represent by far the most frequently used N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in homogeneous catalysis, however, despite numerous advantages, these ligands are limited by the lack of steric flexibility of catalytic pockets. We report a new class of unique unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that are characterized by freely-rotatable N-aromatic wingtips in the imidazol-2-ylidene architecture. The combination of rotatable N-CH2 Ar bond with conformationally-fixed N-Ar linkage results in a highly modular ligand topology, entering the range of geometries inaccessible to IMes and IPr. These ligands are highly reactive in Cu(I)-catalyzed β-hydroboration, an archetypal borylcupration process that has had a transformative impact on the synthesis of boron-containing compounds. The most reactive Cu(I)-NHC in this class has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma to enable broad access of the synthetic chemistry community. The ligands gradually cover %Vbur geometries ranging from 37.3 % to 52.7 %, with the latter representing the largest %Vbur described for an IPr analogue, while retaining full flexibility of N-wingtip. Considering the modular access to novel geometrical space in N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis, we anticipate that this concept will enable new opportunities in organic synthesis, drug discovery and stabilization of reactive metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383 (Poland)
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
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5
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Kuzmin J, Röckl J, Schwarz N, Djossou J, Ahumada G, Ahlquist M, Lundberg H. Electroreductive Desulfurative Transformations with Thioethers as Alkyl Radical Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304272. [PMID: 37342889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Thioethers are highly prevalent functional groups in organic compounds of natural and synthetic origin but remain remarkably underexplored as starting materials in desulfurative transformations. As such, new synthetic methods are highly desirable to unlock the potential of the compound class. In this vein, electrochemistry is an ideal tool to enable new reactivity and selectivity under mild conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient use of aryl alkyl thioethers as alkyl radical precursors in electroreductive transformations, along with mechanistic details. The transformations proceed with complete selectivity for C(sp3 )-S bond cleavage, orthogonal to that of established transition metal-catalyzed two-electron routes. We showcase a hydrodesulfurization protocol with broad functional group tolerance, the first example of desulfurative C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond formation in Giese-type cross-coupling and the first protocol for electrocarboxylation of synthetic relevance with thioethers as starting materials. Finally, the compound class is shown to outcompete their well-established sulfone analogues as alkyl radical precursors, demonstrating their synthetic potential for future desulfurative transformations in a one-electron manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kuzmin
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Röckl
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Djossou
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Ahlquist
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Sahharova LT, Burykina JV, Kostyukovich AY, Eremin DB, Boiko DA, Fakhrutdinov AN, Ananikov VP. Expanding the Role of Dimeric Species: On-Cycle Involvement, Improved Stability, and Control of Stereo-Specificity. A Case Study of Atom-Economic Catalytic Hydrothiolation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliya T. Sahharova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Eremin
- The Bridge@USC, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089-3502, United States
| | - Daniil A. Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem N. Fakhrutdinov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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