1
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Lv C, Li X, Yang G, Chen H, Li C. Chemical Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Tetrasaccharide with Fucosyl Branch at the 6-OH of GalNAc Residue. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:184. [PMID: 38667801 PMCID: PMC11051034 DOI: 10.3390/md22040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is a unique glycosaminoglycan isolated from sea cucumbers, with excellent anticoagulant activity. The fucosyl branch in FCS is generally located at the 3-OH of D-glucuronic acid but, recently, a novel structure with α-L-fucose linked to the 6-OH of N-acetyl-galactosamine has been found. Here, using functionalized monosaccharide building blocks, we prepared novel FCS tetrasaccharides with fucosyl branches both at the 6-OH of GalNAc and 3-OH of GlcA. In the synthesis, the protective group strategy of selective O-sulfation, as well as stereoselective glycosylation, was established, which enabled the efficient synthesis of the specific tetrasaccharide compounds. This research enriches knowledge on the structural types of FCS oligosaccharides and facilitates the exploration of the structure-activity relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haijiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Crawford
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Rai D, Kulkarni SS. Total Synthesis of Trisaccharide Repeating Unit of Staphylococcus aureus Type 8 (CP8) Capsular Polysaccharide. Org Lett 2023; 25:1509-1513. [PMID: 36852946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a highly efficient total synthesis of Staphylococcus aureus type 8 trisaccharide repeating unit in a lesser number of steps and high stereoselectivity. The complex trisaccharide contains rare amino sugars, viz., d-fucosamine, l-fucosamine, and 2-acetamido d-mannuronic acid. The installation of consecutive sterically hindered 1,2-cis glycosidic linkages, especially β-mannosylation, is the key challenge in this synthesis. The total synthesis of target molecule was completed via a longest linear sequence of 18 steps in 7.1% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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4
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Yousefi R, Paul-Gorsline BJ, Soltani O, Ashtekar KD. An Alternative Route to the Anticancer Agent: 2-Fluorofucose from Readily Available L-(−)Rhamnose and Mechanistic Insights into a Zinc/Ammonium Iodide-Mediated Elimination Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Yousefi
- Seagen, 22515 29th Drive Southeast, Bothell, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | - Omid Soltani
- Seagen, 22515 29th Drive Southeast, Bothell, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Kumar D. Ashtekar
- Yale University, Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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5
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Pal D, Chaudhury A, Mukhopadhyay B. Chemical Synthesis of the Linker‐Armed Trisaccharide Repeating Unit of the O‐antigen from Pseudomonas putida BIM B‐1100. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Pal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Department of Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - Aritra Chaudhury
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Department of Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata IISER-K Department of Chemical Sciences Mohanpur Campus, Nadia 741252 Nadia INDIA
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6
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Del Bino L, Østerlid KE, Wu DY, Nonne F, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R. Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15672-15716. [PMID: 35608633 PMCID: PMC9614730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida auris, have been identified by the WHO and CDC as urgent or serious AMR threats. Others, such as group A and B Streptococci, are classified as concerning threats. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be an efficacious and cost-effective measure to combat infections against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and, more recently, Salmonella typhi. Recent times have seen enormous progress in methodologies for the assembly of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, with developments in synthetic, chemoenzymatic, and glycoengineering methodologies. This review analyzes the advancement of glycoconjugate vaccines based on synthetic carbohydrates to improve existing vaccines and identify novel candidates to combat AMR. Through this literature survey we built an overview of structure-immunogenicity relationships from available data and identify gaps and areas for further research to better exploit the peculiar role of carbohydrates as vaccine targets and create the next generation of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitt Emilie Østerlid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Synthetic carbohydrate-based cell wall components from Staphylococcus aureus. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 38:35-43. [PMID: 34895639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycopolymers are found surrounding the outer layer of many bacterial species. The first uses as immunogenic component in vaccines are reported since the beginning of the XX century, but it is only in the last decades that glycoconjugate based vaccines have been effectively applied for controlling and preventing several infectious diseases, such as H. influenzae type b (Hib), N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae or group B Streptococcus. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has been appointed by the WHO as one of those pathogens, for which new treatments are urgently needed. Herein we present an overview of the carbohydrate-based cell wall polymers associated with different S. aureus strains and the related affords to deliver well-defined fragments through synthetic chemistry.
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8
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Alex C, Demchenko AV. Recent Advances in Stereocontrolled Mannosylation: Focus on Glycans Comprising Acidic and/or Amino Sugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3278-3294. [PMID: 34661961 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to describe accomplishments made in the stereoselective synthesis of β-linked mannosides functionalized with carboxyls or amines/amides. These ManNAc, ManA and ManNAcA residues found in many glycoconjugates, bacterial polysaccharides, and alginates have consistently captured interest of the glycoscience community both due to synthetic challenge and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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9
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Kitamura K, Kaku H, Kanagawa H, Ozakai C, Nishimura T, Tokuda H, Tsunoda T. Synthesis of the Common Monomeric Unit of Uroleuconaphins and Viridaphins via Hauser–Kraus Annulation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1334-6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of a pyranonaphthoquinone derivative found in aromatic polyketide-derived aphid pigments is reported herein. This approach features the anionic [4+2]-annulation of phthalides with a carbohydrate-derived optically active enone. Additional synthetic steps provide access to the monomer fragment of uroleuconaphins and viridaphins. The optimization for a facile preparation of phthalides bearing sulfonyl or cyano groups are also studied.
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10
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Bhetuwal BR, Wu F, Meng S, Zhu J. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Azido-2-deoxy-β-d-mannosides via Cs 2CO 3-Mediated Anomeric O-Alkylation with Primary Triflates: Synthesis of a Tetrasaccharide Fragment of Micrococcus luteus Teichuronic Acid. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16196-16206. [PMID: 33201716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cesium carbonate-mediated anomeric O-alkylation of various protected 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-mannoses with primary triflate electrophiles afforded corresponding 2-azido-2-deoxy-β-mannosides in good yields and excellent anomeric selectivity. In addition, 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin was found to be the optimal oxidant for preparation of those 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-mannoses from their corresponding thioglycosides. The utilization of this method was demonstrated in the synthesis of a tetrasaccharide fragment of Micrococcus luteus teichuronic acid containing N-acetyl-β-d-mannosaminuronic acid (ManNAcA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwa Raj Bhetuwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Fenglang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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11
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Srivastava AD, Unione L, Wolfert MA, Valverde P, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Boons GJ. Mono- and Di-Fucosylated Glycans of the Parasitic Worm S. mansoni are Recognized Differently by the Innate Immune Receptor DC-SIGN. Chemistry 2020; 26:15605-15612. [PMID: 32957164 PMCID: PMC7894523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic worm, Schistosoma mansoni, expresses unusual fucosylated glycans in a stage-dependent manner that can be recognized by the human innate immune receptor DC-SIGN, thereby shaping host immune responses. We have developed a synthetic approach for mono- and bis-fucosylated LacdiNAc (LDN-F and LDN-DF, respectively), which are epitopes expressed on glycolipids and glycoproteins of S. mansoni. It is based on the use of monosaccharide building blocks having carefully selected amino-protecting groups, facilitating high yielding and stereoselective glycosylations. The molecular interaction between the synthetic glycans and DC-SIGN was studied by NMR and molecular modeling, which demonstrated that the α1,3-fucoside of LDN-F can coordinate with the Ca2+ -ion of the canonical binding site of DC-SIGN allowing for additional interactions with the underlying LDN backbone. The 1,2-fucoside of LDN-DF can be complexed in a similar manner, however, in this binding mode GlcNAc and GalNAc of the LDN backbone are placed away from the protein surface resulting in a substantially lower binding affinity. Glycan microarray binding studies showed that the avidity and selectivity of binding is greatly enhanced when the glycans are presented multivalently, and in this format Lex and LDN-F gave strong responsiveness, whereas no binding was detected for LDN-DF. The data indicates that S. mansoni has developed a strategy to avoid detection by DC-SIGN in a stage-dependent manner by the addition of a fucoside to a number of its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva D Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Margreet A Wolfert
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Pablo Valverde
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen Interactions, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen Interactions, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen Interactions, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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12
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Qin C, Liu Z, Ding M, Cai J, Fu J, Hu J, Seeberger PH, Yin J. Chemical synthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa O11 O-antigen trisaccharide based on neighboring electron-donating effect. J Carbohydr Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2020.1839479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meiru Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Juntao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Plank Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Junjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Plank Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Visansirikul S, Kolodziej SA, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of capsular polysaccharide Staphylococcus aureus type 8. J Carbohydr Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2020.1821042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephen A. Kolodziej
- Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Pal KB, Lee J, Das M, Liu XW. Palladium(ii)-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of C-glycosides from glycals with diaryliodonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2242-2251. [PMID: 32159571 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00247j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient palladium(ii) mediated C-glycosylation of glycals with diaryliodonium salts is described, providing a new strategy for the synthesis of 2,3-dideoxy C-aryl glycosides with excellent stereoselectivity. The C-glycosylation of a diverse range of glycals, including d-glucal, d-galactal, d-allal, l-rhamnal, l-fucal, l-arabinal, d-maltal, and d-lactal, occurred effectively and the corresponding C-glycosides were obtained in moderate to good yields. This protocol is commended as a significant addition to the field of carbohydrate chemistry due to the rich functional group compatibility, broad range of substrate scope and exceptional α-stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371.
| | - Jiande Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371. and Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371.
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371.
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15
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MacCalman TE, Phillips-Jones MK, Harding SE. Glycoconjugate vaccines: some observations on carrier and production methods. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2020; 35:93-125. [PMID: 32048549 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2019.1703614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines use protein carriers to improve the immune response to polysaccharide antigens. The protein component allows the vaccine to interact with T cells, providing a stronger and longer-lasting immune response than a polysaccharide interacting with B cells alone. Whilst in theory the mere presence of a protein component in a vaccine should be sufficient to improve vaccine efficacy, the extent of improvement varies. In the present review, a comparison of the performances of vaccines developed with and without a protein carrier are presented. The usefulness of analytical tools for macromolecular integrity assays, in particular nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, analytical ultracentrifugation and SEC coupled to multi-angle light scattering (MALS) is indicated. Although we focus mainly on bacterial capsular polysaccharide-protein vaccines, some consideration is also given to research on experimental cancer vaccines using zwitterionic polysaccharides which, unusually for polysaccharides, are able to invoke T-cell responses and have been used in the development of potential all-polysaccharide-based cancer vaccines.A general trend of improved immunogenicity for glycoconjugate vaccines is described. Since the immunogenicity of a vaccine will also depend on carrier protein type and the way in which it has been linked to polysaccharide, the effects of different carrier proteins and production methods are also reviewed. We suggest that, in general, there is no single best carrier for use in glycoconjugate vaccines. This indicates that the choice of carrier protein is optimally made on a case-by-case basis, based on what generates the best immune response and can be produced safely in each individual case.Abbreviations: AUC: analytical ultracentrifugation; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CD: circular dichroism spectroscopy; CPS: capsular polysaccharide; CRM197: Cross Reactive Material 197; DT: diphtheria toxoid; Hib: Haemophilius influenzae type b; MALS: multi-angle light scattering; Men: Neisseria menigitidis; MHC-II: major histocompatibility complex class II; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; OMP: outer membrane protein; PRP: polyribosyl ribitol phosphate; PSA: Polysaccharide A1; Sa: Salmonella; St.: Streptococcus; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; Sta: Staphylococcus; TT: tetanus toxoid; ZPS: zwitterionic polysaccharide(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E MacCalman
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mary K Phillips-Jones
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Kulturhistorisk Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Visansirikul S, Kolodziej SA, Demchenko AV. Staphylococcus aureuscapsular polysaccharides: a structural and synthetic perspective. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:783-798. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys known structures of staphylococcal polysaccharides and summarizes all synthetic efforts to obtain these sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri – St Louis
- One University Boulevard
- St Louis
- USA
| | | | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri – St Louis
- One University Boulevard
- St Louis
- USA
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17
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Alex C, Visansirikul S, Zhang Y, Yasomanee JP, Codee J, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of 2-azido-2-deoxy- and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-manno derivatives as versatile building blocks. Carbohydr Res 2019; 488:107900. [PMID: 31901454 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the synthesis of a number of building blocks of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-mannose from common d-glucose precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuddhaya Road, Rajathevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jagodige P Yasomanee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Jeroen Codee
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA.
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18
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Behera A, Rai D, Kulkarni SS. Total Syntheses of Conjugation-Ready Trisaccharide Repeating Units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O11 and Staphylococcus aureus Type 5 Capsular Polysaccharide for Vaccine Development. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:456-467. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archanamayee Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Diksha Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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19
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Gagarinov IA, Li T, Wei N, Sastre Toraño J, de Vries RP, Wolfert MA, Boons G. Protecting‐Group‐Controlled Enzymatic Glycosylation of Oligo‐
N
‐Acetyllactosamine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Gagarinov
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesBijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Tiehai Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Na Wei
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Javier Sastre Toraño
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesBijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesBijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesBijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Geert‐Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesBijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Georgia Athens GA USA
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20
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Gagarinov IA, Li T, Wei N, Sastre Toraño J, de Vries RP, Wolfert MA, Boons GJ. Protecting-Group-Controlled Enzymatic Glycosylation of Oligo-N-Acetyllactosamine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10547-10552. [PMID: 31108002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a chemoenzymatic strategy that can give a library of differentially fucosylated and sialylated oligosaccharides starting from a single chemically synthesized tri-N-acetyllactosamine derivative. The common precursor could easily be converted into 6 different hexasaccharides in which the glucosamine moieties are either acetylated (GlcNAc) or modified as a free amine (GlcNH2 ) or Boc (GlcNHBoc). Fucosylation of the resulting compounds by a recombinant fucosyl transferase resulted in only modification of the natural GlcNAc moieties, providing access to 6 selectively mono- and bis-fucosylated oligosaccharides. Conversion of the GlcNH2 or GlcNHBoc moieties into the natural GlcNAc, followed by sialylation by sialyl transferases gave 12 differently fucosylated and sialylated compounds. The oligosaccharides were printed as a microarray that was probed by several glycan-binding proteins, demonstrating that complex patterns of fucosylation can modulate glycan recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Gagarinov
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tiehai Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Javier Sastre Toraño
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet A Wolfert
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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21
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Visansirikul S, Kolodziej SA, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of D-FucNAc-D-ManNAcA Disaccharides Based On the Capsular Polysaccharides Staphylococcus aureus Type 5 and 8. J Org Chem 2018; 84:216-227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuddhaya Road, Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Stephen A. Kolodziej
- Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 875 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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22
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Chapman RN, Liu L, Boons GJ. 4,6- O-Pyruvyl Ketal Modified N-Acetylmannosamine of the Secondary Cell Wall Polysaccharide of Bacillus anthracis Is the Anchoring Residue for Its Surface Layer Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17079-17085. [PMID: 30452253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The secondary cell wall polysaccharide (SCWP) of Bacillus anthracis plays a key role in the organization of the cell envelope of vegetative cells and is intimately involved in host-guest interactions. Genetic studies have indicated that it anchors S-layer and S-layer-associated proteins, which are involved in multiple vital biological functions, to the cell surface of B. anthracis. Phenotypic observations indicate that specific functional groups of the terminal unit of SCWP, including 4,6- O-pyruvyl ketal and acetyl esters, are important for binding of these proteins. These observations are based on genetic manipulations and have not been corroborated by direct binding studies. To address this issue, a synthetic strategy was developed that could provide a range of pyruvylated oligosaccharides derived from B. anthracis SCWP bearing base-labile acetyl esters and free amino groups. The resulting oligosaccharides were used in binding studies with a panel of S-layer and S-layer-associated proteins, which identified structural features of SCWP important for binding. A single pyruvylated ManNAc monosaccharide exhibited strong binding to all proteins, making it a promising structure for S-layer protein manipulation. The acetyl esters and free amine of SCWP did not significantly impact binding, and this observation is contrary to a proposed model in which SCWP acetylation is a prerequisite for association of some but not all S-layer and S-layer-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Chapman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
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23
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Behera A, Kulkarni SS. Chemical Synthesis of Rare, Deoxy-Amino Sugars Containing Bacterial Glycoconjugates as Potential Vaccine Candidates. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081997. [PMID: 30103434 PMCID: PMC6222762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often contain rare deoxy amino sugars which are absent in the host cells. This structural difference can be harnessed for the development of vaccines. Over the last fifteen years, remarkable progress has been made toward the development of novel and efficient protocols for obtaining the rare sugar building blocks and their stereoselective assembly to construct conjugation ready bacterial glycans. In this review, we discuss the total synthesis of a variety of rare sugar containing bacterial glycoconjugates which are potential vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archanamayee Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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24
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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25
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Semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11063-11068. [PMID: 28973947 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706875114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on isolated capsular polysaccharide (CPS) save millions of lives annually by preventing invasive pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Some components of the S. pneumoniae glycoconjugate vaccine Prevnar13 that contains CPS antigens from 13 serotypes undergo modifications or degradation during isolation and conjugation, resulting in production problems and lower efficacy. We illustrate how stable, synthetic oligosaccharide analogs of labile CPS induce a specific protective immune response against native CPS using S. pneumoniae serotype 5 (ST-5), a problematic CPS component of Prevnar13. The rare aminosugar l-PneuNAc and a branched l-FucNAc present in the natural repeating unit (RU) are essential for antibody recognition and avidity. The epitope responsible for specificity differs from the part of the antigen that is stabilized by chemical modification. Glycoconjugates containing stable, monovalent synthetic oligosaccharide analogs of ST-5 CPS RU induced long-term memory and protective immune responses in rabbits superior to those elicited by the ST-5 CPS component in multivalent Prevnar13.
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26
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Zhang Q, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Synthetic zwitterionic polysaccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Wei R, Andolina G, Li X. Total Synthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 Pilin Glycan via de Novo Synthesis of Pseudaminic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13420-13428. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruohan Wei
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Gloria Andolina
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
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28
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Abstract
Since 2004, when the first synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine against the pneumonia and meningitis causing bacterium Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) approved for human use in Cuba was reported, 34 million doses of the synthetic vaccine have been already distributed in several countries under the commercial name of Quimi-Hib. However, despite the success of this product, no other synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine has been licensed in the following 13 years. As well as avoiding the need to handle pathogens, synthetic glycoconjugates offer clear advantages in terms of product characterization and the possibility to understand the parameters influencing immunogenicity. Nevertheless, large scale application of synthetic sugars has been perceived as challenging because of manufacturing costs and process complexity compared to natural polysaccharides. Chemoenzymatic approaches, one-pot protocols, and automated solid-phase synthesis are rendering carbohydrate production considerably more attractive for industrialization. Here we identify three areas where chemical approaches can advance this progress: (i) chemical or enzymatic methods enabling the delivery of the minimal polysaccharide portion responsible for an effective immune response; (ii) site-selective chemical or enzymatic conjugation strategies for the exploration of the conjugation point in immune responses against carbohydrate-based vaccines, and the consistent preparation of more homogeneous products; (iii) multicomponent constructs targeting receptors responsible for immune response modulation in order to control its quality and magnitude. We discuss how synthesis of bacterial oligosaccharides is useful toward understanding the polysaccharide portion responsible for immunogenicity, and for developing robust and consistent alternatives to natural heterogeneous polysaccharides. The synthesis of sugar analogues can lead to the identification of hydrolytically more stable versions of oligosaccharide antigens. The study of bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis aids the development of in vitro hazard-free oligosaccharide production. Novel site-selective conjugation methods contribute toward deciphering the role of conjugation sites in the immunogenicity of glycoconjugates and prove to be particularly useful when glycans are conjugated to protein serving as carrier and antigen. The orthogonal incorporation of two different carbohydrate haptens enables the reduction of vaccine components. Finally, coordinated conjugation of glycans and small molecule immunopotentiators supports simplification of vaccine formulation and localization of adjuvant. Synergistic advancement of these areas, combined with competitive manufacturing processes, will contribute to a better understanding of the features guiding the immunological activity of glycoconjugates and, ultimately, to the design of improved, safer vaccines.
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29
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Zeng J, Sun G, Yao W, Zhu Y, Wang R, Cai L, Liu K, Zhang Q, Liu XW, Wan Q. 3-Aminodeoxypyranoses in Glycosylation: Diversity-Oriented Synthesis and Assembly in Oligosaccharides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5227-5231. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Guangfei Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Wang Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Ruobin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Lei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
- Institute of Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China
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30
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Zeng J, Sun G, Yao W, Zhu Y, Wang R, Cai L, Liu K, Zhang Q, Liu XW, Wan Q. 3-Aminodeoxypyranoses in Glycosylation: Diversity-Oriented Synthesis and Assembly in Oligosaccharides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Guangfei Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Wang Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Ruobin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Lei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
- Institute of Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China
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31
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Hagen B, Ali S, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Mapping the Reactivity and Selectivity of 2-Azidofucosyl Donors for the Assembly of N-Acetylfucosamine-Containing Bacterial Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:848-868. [PMID: 28051314 PMCID: PMC5332126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of complex oligosaccharides is often hindered by a lack of knowledge on the reactivity and selectivity of their constituent building blocks. We investigated the reactivity and selectivity of 2-azidofucosyl (FucN3) donors, valuable synthons in the synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxyfucose (FucNAc) containing oligosaccharides. Six FucN3 donors, bearing benzyl, benzoyl, or tert-butyldimethylsilyl protecting groups at the C3-O and C4-O positions, were synthesized, and their reactivity was assessed in a series of glycosylations using acceptors of varying nucleophilicity and size. It was found that more reactive nucleophiles and electron-withdrawing benzoyl groups on the donor favor the formation of β-glycosides, while poorly reactive nucleophiles and electron-donating protecting groups on the donor favor α-glycosidic bond formation. Low-temperature NMR activation studies of Bn- and Bz-protected donors revealed the formation of covalent FucN3 triflates and oxosulfonium triflates. From these results, a mechanistic explanation is offered in which more reactive acceptors preferentially react via an SN2-like pathway, while less reactive acceptors react via an SN1-like pathway. The knowledge obtained in this reactivity study was then applied in the construction of α-FucN3 linkages relevant to bacterial saccharides. Finally, a modular synthesis of the Staphylococcus aureus type 5 capsular polysaccharide repeating unit, a trisaccharide consisting of two FucNAc units, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Hagen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Yasomanee JP, Visansirikul S, Pornsuriyasak P, Thompson M, Kolodziej SA, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of the Repeating Unit of Capsular Polysaccharide Staphylococcus aureus Type 5 To Study Chemical Activation and Conjugation of Native CP5. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5981-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagodige P. Yasomanee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Papapida Pornsuriyasak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Melissa Thompson
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Stephen A. Kolodziej
- Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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33
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Sanapala SR, Kulkarni SS. Expedient Route To Access Rare Deoxy Amino l-Sugar Building Blocks for the Assembly of Bacterial Glycoconjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4938-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Someswara Rao Sanapala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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34
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Bhaduri S, Pohl NLB. Fluorous-Tag Assisted Syntheses of Sulfated Keratan Sulfate Oligosaccharide Fragments. Org Lett 2016; 18:1414-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhaduri
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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35
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Volbeda AG, Kistemaker HAV, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV, Codée JDC. Chemoselective Cleavage of p-Methoxybenzyl and 2-Naphthylmethyl Ethers Using a Catalytic Amount of HCl in Hexafluoro-2-propanol. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8796-806. [PMID: 26230920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new, fast, mild and chemoselective deprotection method to cleave p-methoxybenzyl and 2-naphthylmethyl ethers using catalytic amounts of hydrochloric acid in a 1:1 mixture of hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and methylene chloride (DCM) is described. The scope of the methodology becomes apparent from 14 examples of orthogonally protected monosaccharides that are subjected to HCl/HFIP treatment. The applicability of the HCl/HFIP method is illustrated by the synthesis of a sulfated β-mannuronic acid disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geert Volbeda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans A V Kistemaker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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Visansirikul S, Yasomanee JP, Pornsuriyasak P, Kamat MN, Podvalnyy NM, Gobble CP, Thompson M, Kolodziej SA, Demchenko AV. A Concise Synthesis of the Repeating Unit of Capsular Polysaccharide Staphylococcus aureus Type 8. Org Lett 2015; 17:2382-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Jagodige P. Yasomanee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Papapida Pornsuriyasak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Medha N. Kamat
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Nikita M. Podvalnyy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Chase P. Gobble
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Melissa Thompson
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Stephen A. Kolodziej
- Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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