1
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Tan ML, Ángeles Gutiérrez López M, Sakai N, Matile S. Anion-(π) n -π Catalytic Micelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310393. [PMID: 37574867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Anion-π catalysis operates by stabilizing anionic transition states on π-acidic aromatic surfaces. In anion-(π)n -π catalysis, π stacks add polarizability to strengthen interactions. In search of synthetic methods to extend π stacks beyond the limits of foldamers, the self-assembly of micelles from amphiphilic naphthalenediimides (NDIs) is introduced. To interface substrates and catalysts, charge-transfer complexes with dialkoxynaphthalenes (DANs), a classic in supramolecular chemistry, are installed. In π-stacked micelles, the rates of bioinspired ether cyclizations exceed rates on monomers in organic solvents by far. This is particularly impressive considering that anion-π catalysis in water has been elusive so far. Increasing rates with increasing π acidity of the micelles evince operational anion-(π)n -π catalysis. At maximal π acidity, autocatalytic behavior emerges. Dependence on position and order in confined micellar space promises access to emergent properties. Anion-(π)n -π catalytic micelles in water thus expand supramolecular systems catalysis accessible with anion-π interactions with an inspiring topic of general interest and great perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Bürgin T, Ogawa T, Wenger OS. Better Covalent Connection in a Molecular Triad Enables More Efficient Photochemical Energy Storage. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13597-13607. [PMID: 37562775 PMCID: PMC10445269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the kinetics of light-induced charge separation and thermal charge recombination in donor-acceptor compounds, but quantum efficiencies have rarely been investigated. Here, we report on two essentially isomeric molecular triads, both comprising a π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (ExTTF) donor, a ruthenium(II)-based photosensitizer, and a naphthalene diimide (NDI) acceptor. The key difference between the two triads is how the NDI acceptor is connected. Linkage at the NDI core provides stronger electronic coupling to the other molecular components than connection via the nitrogen atoms of NDI. This change in molecular connectivity is expected to accelerate both energy-storing charge separation and energy-wasting charge recombination processes, but it is not a priori clear how this will affect the triad's ability to store photochemical energy; any gain resulting from faster charge separation could potentially be (over)compensated by losses through accelerated charge recombination. The new key insight emerging from our study is that the quantum yield for the formation of a long-lived charge-separated state increases by a factor of 5 when going from nitrogen- to core-connected NDI, providing the important proof of concept that better molecular connectivity indeed enables more efficient photochemical energy storage. The physical origin of this behavior seems to root in different orbital connectivity pathways for charge separation and charge recombination, as well as in differences in the relevant orbital interactions depending on NDI connection. Our work provides guidelines for how to discriminate between energy-storing and energy-wasting electron transfer reactions in order to improve the quantum yields for photochemical energy storage and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias
H. Bürgin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, University
of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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3
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Gámez-Valenzuela S, Torres-Moya I, Sánchez A, Donoso B, López Navarrete JT, Ruiz Delgado MC, Prieto P, Ponce Ortiz R. Extended π-Conjugation and Structural Planarity Effects of Symmetrical D-π-A-π-D Naphthalene and Perylene Diimide Semiconductors on n-type Electrical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301639. [PMID: 37265227 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of donor-π-acceptor-π-donor (D-π-A-π-D) compounds based on naphthalendiimide (NDI) and perylenediimide (PDI) central cores combined with triphenylamine and phenylcarbazole donor groups have been synthesized, characterized and tested in top-contact/bottom gate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The results showed high electron mobilities, up to 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 , in the case of NDI derivatives and moderate values of around 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for PDI-based semiconductors. Quantum chemical calculations were performed in order to support the experimental data. The results suggest that adequate molecular characteristics and larger crystalline domains in NDI vs. PDI semiconducting films may be the reasons behind the enhanced electrical properties of NDI derivatives. Furthermore, when the lateral donor substituents are triphenylamine groups, the mobilities were slightly higher in comparison to phenylcarbazole donor groups due to an improved electron-donating character. Other characterization techniques, such as AFM, X-ray diffraction or spectroelectrochemistry, among others, have been performed to analyze supramolecular order, charge carriers' nature and stability, parameters closely related to charge transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gámez-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia Campus of Espinardo, Murcia, 30005, Spain
| | - Abelardo Sánchez
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Beatriz Donoso
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | | | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, 29071, Spain
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4
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Lu T, Wang B, Chang W, Liu L, Li J. N-Fluorobenzamide-Directed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction with Maleic Anhydride: Access to Fluorescent Aminonaphthalic Anhydrides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:818-827. [PMID: 36660857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of N-fluorobenzamides and maleic anhydride in the presence of CuI and LiOH, and a series of fluorescent 1-amino-2,3-naphthalic anhydrides were produced in good yields. This reaction proceeded via a multistep process involving nitrogen-centered radical generation, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, and benzylic radical addition to the amide carbonyl oxygen to generate an N-(tert-butyl) isobenzofuran-1(3H)-imine intermediate, which isomerized to an N-(tert-butyl) isobenzofuran-1-amine via deprotonation and protonation with the aid of LiOH; finally, the amine underwent a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with maleic anhydride to give the 1-amino-2,3-naphthalic anhydride product upon dehydrating aromatization. Notably, the corresponding naphthalic anhydride products could be transformed into a diverse array of naphthalimides. Both the naphthalic anhydrides and the naphthalimides exhibited similar fluorescent features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Boyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Chang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 94#, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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5
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Leng A, Weiß C, Straßner N, Hirsch A. Reversible Photoinduced Conversion of Unprecedented Norbornadiene-Based Photoswitches with Redox-Active Naphthalene Diimide Functionalities. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201446. [PMID: 35776126 PMCID: PMC9796843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented compound class of functional organic hybrids consisting of a photoswitchable norbornadiene building block and a redoxactive chromophore, namely naphthalene diimide, were designed and synthesized. Within these structures the capability of rylene chromophores to function as a redox active catalyst upon their photoexcitation was utilized to initiate the oxidative back-conversion of the in situ formed quadricyclane unit to its norbornadiene analogue. In this way successive photoexcitation at two different wavelengths enabled a controlled photoswitching between the two isomerical states of the hybrids. Beyond this prove of concept, the dependency of the reaction rate to the intramolecular distance of the two functional molecular building blocks as well as the concentration of the photoexcited sample was monitored. The experimental findings and interpretations were furthermore supported by quantum chemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leng
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Cornelius Weiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Nina Straßner
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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6
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Royakkers J, Guo K, Toolan DTW, Feng L, Minotto A, Congrave DG, Danowska M, Zeng W, Bond AD, Al‐Hashimi M, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Cacialli F, Bronstein H. Molecular Encapsulation of Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) Based π-Conjugated Polymers: A Tool for Understanding Photoluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25005-25012. [PMID: 34519412 PMCID: PMC9297952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are an important class of chromophores for optoelectronic devices. Understanding and controlling their excited state properties, in particular, radiative and non-radiative recombination processes are among the greatest challenges that must be overcome. We report the synthesis and characterization of a molecularly encapsulated naphthalene diimide-based polymer, one of the most successfully used motifs, and explore its structural and optical properties. The molecular encapsulation enables a detailed understanding of the effect of interpolymer interactions. We reveal that the non-encapsulated analogue P(NDI-2OD-T) undergoes aggregation enhanced emission; an effect that is suppressed upon encapsulation due to an increasing π-interchain stacking distance. This suggests that decreasing π-stacking distances may be an attractive method to enhance the radiative properties of conjugated polymers in contrast to the current paradigm where it is viewed as a source of optical quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Royakkers
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Kunping Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCNUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | | | - Liang‐Wen Feng
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan roadEvanstonIL60208-3113USA
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCNUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Daniel G. Congrave
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Magda Danowska
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan roadEvanstonIL60208-3113USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan roadEvanstonIL60208-3113USA
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCNUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
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7
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Royakkers J, Guo K, Toolan DTW, Feng L, Minotto A, Congrave DG, Danowska M, Zeng W, Bond AD, Al‐Hashimi M, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Cacialli F, Bronstein H. Molecular Encapsulation of Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) Based π‐Conjugated Polymers: A Tool for Understanding Photoluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Royakkers
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Kunping Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Daniel T. W. Toolan
- Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Liang‐Wen Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan road Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Daniel G. Congrave
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Magda Danowska
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Mohammed Al‐Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan road Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan road Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
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8
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Zhou J, Stojanović L, Berezin AA, Battisti T, Gill A, Kariuki BM, Bonifazi D, Crespo-Otero R, Wasielewski MR, Wu YL. Organic room-temperature phosphorescence from halogen-bonded organic frameworks: hidden electronic effects in rigidified chromophores. Chem Sci 2020; 12:767-773. [PMID: 34163810 PMCID: PMC8178982 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of purely organic materials displaying room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) will expand the toolbox of inorganic phosphors for imaging, sensing or display applications. While molecular solids were found to suppress non-radiative energy dissipation and make the RTP process kinetically favourable, such an effect should be enhanced by the presence of multivalent directional non-covalent interactions. Here we report phosphorescence of a series of fast triplet-forming tetraethyl naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylates. Various numbers of bromo substituents were introduced to modulate intermolecular halogen-bonding interactions. Bright RTP with quantum yields up to 20% was observed when the molecule is surrounded by a Br⋯O halogen-bonded network. Spectroscopic and computational analyses revealed that judicious heavy-atom positioning suppresses non-radiative relaxation and enhances intersystem crossing at the same time. The latter effect was found to be facilitated by the orbital angular momentum change, in addition to the conventional heavy-atom effect. Our results suggest the potential of multivalent non-covalent interactions for excited-state conformation and electronic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Ljiljana Stojanović
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | | | | | - Abigail Gill
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | | | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Str. 38 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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9
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Mahecha-Mahecha C, Lecornué F, Akinari S, Charote T, Gamba-Sánchez D, Ohwada T, Thibaudeau S. Sequential Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling/Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization: An Entry to Functionalized Cycloalkane-Fused Naphthalenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:6267-6271. [PMID: 32806180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized angular cycloalkane-fused naphthalenes were prepared using a two-step process involving a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl pinacol boronates and vinyl triflates followed by a boron trifluoride etherate-catalyzed cycloaromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Mahecha-Mahecha
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, IC2MP, Equipe Synthèse Organique-Groupe Superacide, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.,Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Frédéric Lecornué
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, IC2MP, Equipe Synthèse Organique-Groupe Superacide, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Sumita Akinari
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, IC2MP, Equipe Synthèse Organique-Groupe Superacide, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Thomas Charote
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, IC2MP, Equipe Synthèse Organique-Groupe Superacide, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Diego Gamba-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, IC2MP, Equipe Synthèse Organique-Groupe Superacide, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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10
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Day DP, Alsenani NI. Dibromoisocyanuric Acid: Applications in Brominations and Oxidation Processes for the Synthesis of High Value Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Day
- São Carlos Institute of ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo 13560-970, São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Nawaf I. Alsenani
- Department of ChemistryAl-Baha University Al Bahah 1988 Al-Baha Saudi Arabia
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11
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Li H, Lu J, Zhang Q. Recent progress in the usage of tetrabromo-substituted naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a building block to construct organic semiconductors and their applications. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00637h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent synthetic strategies and significant applications of TBNDA and their derivatives as promising building blocks to construct π-expanded semiconductors have been carefully summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zongrui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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12
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Sciutto A, Berezin A, Lo Cicero M, Miletić T, Stopin A, Bonifazi D. Tailored Synthesis of N-Substituted peri-Xanthenoxanthene Diimide (PXXDI) and Monoimide (PXXMI) Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13787-13798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sciutto
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Berezin
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Lo Cicero
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja Miletić
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Stopin
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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13
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Korzec M, Kotowicz S, Łaba K, Łapkowski M, Małecki JG, Smolarek K, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E. Naphthalene Diimides Prepared by a Straightforward Method and Their Characterization for Organic Electronics. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łaba
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Karolina Smolarek
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; 5 Grudziadzka Str. 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; 5 Grudziadzka Str. 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
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14
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Sciutto A, Fermi A, Folli A, Battisti T, Beames JM, Murphy DM, Bonifazi D. Customizing Photoredox Properties of PXX-based Dyes through Energy Level Rigid Shifts of Frontier Molecular Orbitals. Chemistry 2018; 24:4382-4389. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sciutto
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Andrea Fermi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Andrea Folli
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Tommaso Battisti
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Joseph M. Beames
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Damien M. Murphy
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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15
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Wu Y, Han JM, Hong M, Krzyaniak MD, Blackburn AK, Fernando IR, Cao DD, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. X-Shaped Oligomeric Pyromellitimide Polyradicals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:515-523. [PMID: 29215275 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable organic polyradicals is important for the development of magnetic materials. Herein we report the synthesis, isolation, and characterization of a series of X-shaped pyromellitimide (PI) oligomers (Xn-R, n = 2-4, R = Hex or Ph) linked together by single C-C bonds between their benzenoid cores. We hypothesize that these oligomers might form high-spin states in their reduced forms because of the nearly orthogonal conformations adopted by their PI units. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies confirmed the isolation of the dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric homologues. X-ray crystallography shows that X2-Ph crystallizes into a densely packed superstructure, despite the criss-crossed conformations adopted by the molecules. Electrochemical experiments, carried out on the oligomers Xn-Hex, reveal that the reductions of the PI units occur at multiple distinct potentials, highlighting the weak electronic coupling between the adjacent redox centers. Finally, the chemically generated radical anion and polyanion states, Xn-Hex•- and Xn-Hexn(•-), respectively, were probed extensively by UV-vis-NIR absorption, EPR, and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopies. The ENDOR spectra of the radical monoanions Xn-Hex•- reveal that the unpaired electron is largely localized on a single PI unit. Further reductions of Xn-Hex•- yield EPR signals (in frozen solutions) that can be assigned to spin-spin interactions in X2-Hex2(•-), X3-Hex3(•-), and X4-Hex4(•-). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that directly linking the benzene rings of PIs with a single C-C bond is a viable method for generating stabilized high-spin organic anionic polyradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ji-Min Han
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael Hong
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Anthea K Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Isurika R Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Dennis D Cao
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and §Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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16
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Marinelli D, Fasano F, Najjari B, Demitri N, Bonifazi D. Borazino-Doped Polyphenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5503-5519. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marinelli
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Fasano
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Btissam Najjari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5
in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
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17
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Ramírez-Zatarain SD, Ochoa-Terán A, Reynoso-Soto EA, Miranda-Soto V, Félix-Navarro RM, Pina-Luis G, Yatsimirsky AK. Selective interaction of N,N-bis(aminobenzyl)naphthalenediimides with fluoride anion. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2016.1266360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Ochoa-Terán
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Edgar A. Reynoso-Soto
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Valentín Miranda-Soto
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - R. M. Félix-Navarro
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Georgina Pina-Luis
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
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18
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Al Kobaisi M, Bhosale SV, Latham K, Raynor AM, Bhosale SV. Functional Naphthalene Diimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11685-11796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers
and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
| | - Kay Latham
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Raynor
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sheshanath V. Bhosale
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
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19
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Bolag A, Sakai N, Matile S. Dipolar Photosystems: Engineering Oriented Push-Pull Components into Double- and Triple-Channel Surface Architectures. Chemistry 2016; 22:9006-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Bolag
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials; Inner Mongolia Normal University; Hohhot P. R. China
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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20
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Miros FN, Matile S. Core-Substituted Naphthalenediimides: LUMO Levels Revisited, in Comparison with Preylenediimides with Sulfur Redox Switches in the Core. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:219-26. [PMID: 27551658 PMCID: PMC4984407 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Core‐substituted naphthalenediimides (NDIs) attract increasing attention to bind, transport, and transform electrons, anions, anionic intermediates, and anionic transition states, and to shine as most colorful rainbow fluorophores. The energy level of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is decisive for many of these applications. Here, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements for a consistent series of NDIs are reported to extract exact LUMO levels under identical conditions. The influence of primary and secondary substituents in the core and on the primary imides is compared with general trends for the reliable prediction of LUMO levels in functional systems. Emphasis is on sulfur redox switches in the NDI core because of their frequent use as isostructural probes for π acidity. The same sulfur redox chemistry is expanded to perylenediimides (PDIs), and LUMO engineering is discussed in a broader context, including also fullerenes, aminonaphthalimides (ANIs), and aminoperyleneimides (APIs). The result is a comprehensive reference table that graphically maps out the LUMO space covered by the leading families of electronaccepting aromatics. This graphical summary of general trends in the π‐acidic space is expected to be both inspiring and quite useful in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- François N Miros
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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21
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Rocard L, Berezin A, De Leo F, Bonifazi D. Templated Chromophore Assembly by Dynamic Covalent Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rocard
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Andrey Berezin
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Federica De Leo
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34127 (Italy)
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22
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Rocard L, Berezin A, De Leo F, Bonifazi D. Templated Chromophore Assembly by Dynamic Covalent Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15739-43. [PMID: 26637106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Through the simultaneous use of three orthogonal dynamic covalent reactions, namely disulfide, boronate, and acyl hydrazone formation, we conceived a facile and versatile protocol to spatially organize tailored chromophores, which absorb in the blue, red, and yellow regions, on a preprogrammed α-helix peptide. This approach allowed the assembly of the dyes in the desired ratio and spacing, as dictated by both the relative positioning and distribution of the recognition units on the peptide scaffold. Steady-state UV/Vis absorption and emission studies suggest an energy transfer from the yellow and red donors to the blue acceptor. A molecular dynamics simulation supports the experimental findings that the helical structure is maintained after the assembly and the three dyes are confined in defined conformational spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rocard
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Andrey Berezin
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Federica De Leo
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium). .,Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34127 (Italy).
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