1
|
Karstens WF, M.B.P. Menge W, Martens G, op het Veld SJ, Th.H. van Eupen J, Demon M, van Achterberg TA, Arisse-Thijssen MJ, Santegoeds-Lenssen EW, van der Lee MM, Ubink R, Arends RJ, Sesink A, Blomenröhr M, Marco Timmers C. Discovery of SYD5115, a novel orally active small molecule TSH-R antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 84:117258. [PMID: 37001244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) regulates the thyroid gland and is normally activated by thyrotropin. In patients with Graves' disease, TSH-R is also stimulated by stimulatory TSH-R autoantibodies leading to hyperthyroidism. In this paper, we describe the discovery of SYD5115 (67), a novel small molecule TSH-R antagonist with nanomolar potency. SYD5115 also blocks stimulating antibody induced synthesis of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) in vivo, after a single oral dose. During optimization, several issues had to be addressed such as the low metabolic stability and the potential mutagenicity of our first series of compounds.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ballesteros-Garrido R. Recent developments in the synthesis of 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-azaindoles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
3
|
Xu X, Ou M, Wang YE, Lin T, Xiong D, Xue F, Walsh P, Mao J. Alkali-Amide Controlled Selective Synthesis of 7-Azaindole and 7-Azaindoline through Domino Reactions of 2-Fluoro-3-methylpyridine and Aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azaindoles and azaindolines are important core structures in pharmaceuticals and natural products, which have found wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistrty. In this study, we developed a novel...
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Lin Z, Zheng K, Xiao R, Qian L. Mechanistic and selectivity investigations into Fe-catalyzed 2, 3-disubstituted azaindole formation from β,β-disubstituted tetrazole. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Duan H, Lin Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Wei Z, Cao J, Liang D. Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles Catalyzed by Phase-Transfer Catalyst Derived from tert-Leucine. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1581-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChiral phase-transfer catalysts derived from tert-leucine were synthesized and used in the asymmetric synthesis of 4-azaindoline derivatives. By this method, both enantiomers of the corresponding products were obtained in excellent yield (up to 99%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 91% ee) and diastereoselectivities (up to >99: 1 dr).
Collapse
|
6
|
Motati DR, Amaradhi R, Ganesh T. Recent developments in the synthesis of azaindoles from pyridine and pyrrole building blocks. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The azaindole framework is ubiquitous in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This review highlights the synthetic approaches to azaindoles with advantages and limitations, mechanistic pathways and biological importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arai N, Ohkuma T. Photosensitized Intramolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of 1 H-Pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridines Enabled by the Assistance of Lewis Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15717-15725. [PMID: 33190476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The [2+2] photocycloaddition of alkenyl-tethered 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives sensitized with 3',4'-dimethoxyacetophenone under irradiation by a high-pressure mercury lamp through Pyrex glass was dramatically accelerated by the addition of Lewis acids, preferably Mg(OTf)2, to give the products stereoselectively in high yields. The reaction without a Lewis acid gave only small amounts of the [2+2] cycloaddition products. Conformational fixation of the substrates by coordination with a Lewis acid was presumed to facilitate the cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Arai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohkuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Z, Cao J, Liang D, Lin Y, Duan H. Synthesis of 4-Azaindolines Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis via an Intramolecular Mannich Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4047-4057. [PMID: 32130006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bifunctional asymmetric phase-transfer catalysts containing novel fluorine-containing urea groups derived from cinchona alkaloids have been synthesized and successfully applied in the asymmetric intramolecular Mannich reaction. The 4-azaindoline products bearing multiple substrates were obtained in excellent yield (90-99%), with high enantioselectivity (up to 95%) and diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhonglin Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jungang Cao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingjie Lin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haifeng Duan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Taylor AP, Robinson RP, Fobian YM, Blakemore DC, Jones LH, Fadeyi O. Modern advances in heterocyclic chemistry in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6611-37. [PMID: 27282396 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New advances in synthetic methodologies that allow rapid access to a wide variety of functionalized heterocyclic compounds are of critical importance to the medicinal chemist as it provides the ability to expand the available drug-like chemical space and drive more efficient delivery of drug discovery programs. Furthermore, the development of robust synthetic routes that can readily generate bulk quantities of a desired compound help to accelerate the drug development process. While established synthetic methodologies are commonly utilized during the course of a drug discovery program, the development of innovative heterocyclic syntheses that allow for different bond forming strategies are having a significant impact in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on recent applications of new methodologies in C-H activation, photoredox chemistry, borrowing hydrogen catalysis, multicomponent reactions, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other new, innovative general syntheses for the formation and functionalization of heterocycles that have helped drive project delivery. Additionally, the importance and value of collaborations between industry and academia in shaping the development of innovative synthetic approaches to functionalized heterocycles that are of greatest interest to the pharmaceutical industry will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria P Taylor
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Ralph P Robinson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Yvette M Fobian
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olugbeminiyi Fadeyi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brewitz L, Noda H, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Structural and Computational Investigation of Intramolecular N···H Interactions in α‐ and β‐Fluorinated 7‐Azaindoline Amides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Brewitz
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo Kamiosaki 3‐14‐23 141‐0021 Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lamb AD, Davey PD, Driver RW, Thompson A, Smith MD. Enantioselective Synthesis of 4- and 6-Azaindolines by a Cation-Directed Cyclization. Org Lett 2016; 18:5372-5375. [PMID: 27709963 PMCID: PMC5086784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized 4- and 6-azaindolines are accessible with high levels of enantioselectivity by the cation-directed cyclization of aminopyridine-derived imines via phase-transfer catalysis. The extension of this methodology to diastereoselective cyclizations is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Lamb
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Peter D. Davey
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Russell W. Driver
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Amber
L. Thompson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Martin D. Smith
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
General methods for the synthesis and late-stage diversification of 2,4-substituted 7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
14
|
He Y, Tian MM, Zhang XY, Fan XS. Synthesis of 4-Oxo-but-2-enals throughtBuONO and TEMPO-Promoted Cascade Reactions of Homoallylic Alcohols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- School of Environment; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control; Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; 46 Jianshe Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- School of Environment; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control; Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; 46 Jianshe Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhang
- School of Environment; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control; Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; 46 Jianshe Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xue-Sen Fan
- School of Environment; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control; Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; 46 Jianshe Road Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li SS, Lin H, Liu CF, Xia YQ, Zhang XM, Dong L. Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Annulation Reactions of 7-Azaindoles with Electron-Deficient OlefinsviaDouble CH Activation. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Li SS, Wang CQ, Li WH, Zhang XM, Dong L. Rhodium-catalyzed selective oxidative coupling of 7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|