1
|
Ando H, Takamura H, Kadota I, Tanaka K. Strongly reducing helical phenothiazines as recyclable organophotoredox catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4765-4768. [PMID: 38529587 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00904e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Recyclable phenothiazine organophotoredox catalysts (PTHS 1-3, E1/2ox* = -2.34 to -2.40 V vs. SCE) have been developed. When the recycling performance was evaluated, PTHS-1 could be recovered at least four times without loss of its catalytic activity. These recyclable organophotoredox catalysts represent a promising tool for sustainable organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haru Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hiroyoshi Takamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Isao Kadota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Terada M, Yazaki R, Obayashi R, Iwasaki Z, Umemiya S, Kikuchi J. Consecutive π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation/photochemical radical addition promoted by in situ generated 2-benzopyrylium as the photoredox catalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6115-6121. [PMID: 38665511 PMCID: PMC11041276 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation/photochemical radical addition sequence was developed, which utilises in situ generated 2-benzopyrylium cation intermediates as photoredox catalysts and electrophilic substrates to form 1H-isochromene derivatives in good yields in most cases. The key 2-benzopyrylium intermediates were generated through the activation of the alkyne moiety of ortho-carbonyl alkynylbenzene derivatives by such π-Lewis acidic metal catalysts as AgNTf2 and Cu(NTf2)2, and the subsequent intramolecular cyclisation and proto-demetalation using trifluoroacetic acid. Further photo-excitation of the 2-benzopyrylium intermediates facilitated single-electron transfer from a benzyltrimethylsilane derivative as a donor molecule to promote the radical addition of arylmethyl radicals to the 2-benzopyrylium intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ryohei Yazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ren Obayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Zen Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dang H, O’Callaghan HT, Wymore MM, Suarez J, Martin DBC. Selective C-H Activation of Molecular Nanodiamonds via Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2024; 14:4093-4098. [PMID: 38510665 PMCID: PMC10949193 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
While substituted adamantanes have widespread use in medicinal chemistry, materials science, and ligand design, the use of diamantanes and higher diamondoids is limited to a much smaller number. Selective functionalization beyond adamantane is challenging, as the number of very similar types of C-H bonds (secondary, 2°, and tertiary, 3°) increases rapidly, and H atom transfer does not provide a general solution for site selectivity. We report a method using pyrylium photocatalysts that is effective for nanodiamond functionalization in up to 84% yield with exclusive 3° selectivity and moderate levels of regioselectivity between 3° sites. The proposed mechanism involving photooxidation, deprotonation, and radical C-C bond formation is corroborated through Stern-Volmer luminescence quenching, cyclic voltammetry, and EPR studies. Our photoredox strategy offers a versatile approach for the streamlined synthesis of diamondoid building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang
T. Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Henry T. O’Callaghan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Mikayla M. Wymore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jennifer Suarez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - David B. C. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng Y, Li J, Liu H, Wu H, Li H. Visible-light-mediated metal-free regioselective oxidative C-C bond cleavage of lignin dimers to aromatic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1642-1645. [PMID: 38235970 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05958h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The upgrading of lignin is a sustainable and promising pathway for fossil-based aromatic compounds but always faces low selectivity. Herein, a metal-free photocatalyst, 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPP), was illustrated to remarkably facilitate the regioselective oxidative Cα-Cβ bond cleavage of β-1 and β-O-4 lignin alcohol/ketone models into aromatic acids (92-99% yields) under visible-light irradiation at room temperature without any additive/co-catalyst, which was enabled by the synergistic effect of Cβ-H⋯C(TPP) interaction and·˙O2-/1O2 species. The synergy of the catalyst-substrate interaction and active species offers a reference for the enhancive and selective transformation of polymeric biomass and complex molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Hongguo Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Hu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han S, Cheng C, He M, Li R, Gao Y, Yu Y, Zhang B, Liu C. Preferential Adsorption of Ethylene Oxide on Fe and Chlorine on Ni Enabled Scalable Electrosynthesis of Ethylene Chlorohydrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216581. [PMID: 36734467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial manufacturing of ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) critically requires excess corrosive hydrochloric acid or hypochlorous acid with dealing with massive by-products and wastes. Here we report a green and efficient electrosynthesis of ECH from ethylene oxide (EO) with NaCl over a NiFe2 O4 nanosheet anode. Theoretical results suggest that EO and Cl preferentially adsorb on Fe and Ni sites, respectively, collaboratively promoting the ECH synthesis. A Cl radical-mediated ring-opening process is proposed and confirmed, and the key Cl and carbon radical species are identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. This strategy can enable scalable electrosynthesis of 185.1 mmol of ECH in 1 h with 92.5 % yield at a 55 mA cm-2 current density. Furthermore, a series of other chloro- and bromoethanols with good to high yields and paired synthesis of ECH and 4-amino-3,6-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylicacid via respectively loading and unloading Cl are achieved, showing the promising potential of this strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Meng He
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh M, Dhote P, Johnson DR, Figueroa-Lazú S, Elles CG, Boskovic Z. Photochemical Decarbonylation of Oxetanone and Azetidinone: Spectroscopy, Computational Models, and Synthetic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215856. [PMID: 36399366 PMCID: PMC9839639 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of cyclic ketones leads to the expulsion of carbon monoxide and a mixture of products derived from diradical intermediates. Here we show that synthetic utility of this process is improved if strained heterocyclic ketones are used. Photochemistry of 3-oxetanone and N-Boc-3-azetidinone has not been previously described. Decarbonylation of these 4-membered rings proceeds through a step-wise Norrish type I cleavage of the C-C bond from the singlet excited state. Ylides derived from both compounds are high-energy species that are kinetically stable long enough to undergo [3+2] cycloaddition with a variety of alkenes and produce substituted tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines. The reaction has a sufficiently wide scope to produce scaffolds that were either previously inaccessible or difficult to synthesize, thereby providing experimental access to new chemical space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045 Kansas
| | - Pawan Dhote
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045 Kansas
| | - Daniel R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045 Kansas
| | | | | | - Zarko Boskovic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045 Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hirao S, Saeki R, Takahashi T, Iwai K, Nishiwaki N, Ohga Y. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ketones Using Chelation-Controlled Sequential Substitution of N-Triazinylamide/Weinreb Amide by Organometallic Reagents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48476-48483. [PMID: 36591189 PMCID: PMC9798741 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
N-(2,4-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazinyl)amide was found to exhibit similar behavior to N-methoxy-N-methylamide (Weinreb amide) but higher reactivity for nucleophilic substitution by organometallic reagents. Triazinylamide suppresses overaddition, leading to the formation of a tertiary alcohol by the chelating ability of the triazinyl and carbonyl groups. Ureas possessing both triazinylamino and methoxy(methyl)amino groups underwent sequential nucleophilic substitution with different organometallic reagents, which furnished unsymmetrical ketones without any detectable tertiary alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hirao
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Rumi Saeki
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Kento Iwai
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Research
Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University
of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Research
Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University
of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ohga
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Glaser F, Wenger OS. Sensitizer-controlled photochemical reactivity via upconversion of red light. Chem Sci 2022; 14:149-161. [PMID: 36605743 PMCID: PMC9769107 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the energy input from two red photons, chemical reactions that would normally require blue or ultraviolet irradiation become accessible. Key advantages of this biphotonic excitation strategy are that red light usually penetrates deeper into complex reaction mixtures and causes less photo-damage than direct illumination in the blue or ultraviolet. Here, we demonstrate that the primary light-absorber of a dual photocatalytic system comprised of a transition metal-based photosensitizer and an organic co-catalyst can completely alter the reaction outcome. Photochemical reductions are achieved with a copper(i) complex in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, whereas oxidative substrate activation occurs with an osmium(ii) photosensitizer. Based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy, this changeover in photochemical reactivity is due to different underlying biphotonic mechanisms. Following triplet energy transfer from the osmium(ii) photosensitizer to 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, the fluorescent singlet excited state of DCA triggers oxidative substrate activation, which initiates the cis to trans isomerization of an olefin, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, an aryl ether to ester rearrangement, and a Newman-Kwart rearrangement. This oxidative substrate activation stands in contrast to the reactivity with a copper(i) photosensitizer, where photoinduced electron transfer generates the DCA radical anion, which upon further excitation triggers reductive dehalogenations and detosylations. Our study provides the proof-of-concept for controlling the outcome of a red-light driven biphotonic reaction by altering the photosensitizer, and this seems relevant in the greater context of tailoring photochemical reactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yao SC, Xiao J, Nan GM, Peng Y. Progress on total synthesis and their divergent transformations of aryltetrahydrofuran-type lignans. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Sifri RJ, Ma Y, Fors BP. Photoredox Catalysis in Photocontrolled Cationic Polymerizations of Vinyl Ethers. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1960-1971. [PMID: 35771008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusAdvances in photocontrolled polymerizations have expanded the scope of polymer architectures and structures that can be synthesized for various applications. The majority of these polymerizations have been developed for radical processes, which limits the diversity of monomers that can be used in macromolecular design. More recent developments of photocontrolled cationic polymerizations have taken a step toward addressing this limitation and have expanded the palette of monomers that can be used in stimuli-regulated polymerizations, enabling the synthesis of previously inaccessible polymeric structures. This Account will detail our group's studies on cationic polymerization processes where chain growth is regulated by light and highlight how these methods can be combined with other stimuli-controlled polymerizations to precisely dictate macromolecular structure.Photoinitiated cationic polymerizations are well-studied and important processes that have control over initiation. However, we wanted to develop systems where we had spatiotemporal control over both polymer initiation and chain growth. This additional command over the reaction provides the ability to manipulate the growing polymer with an external stimulus during a polymerization, which can be used to control structure. To achieve this goal, we set out to develop a method to photoreversibly generate a cation at a growing chain end that could participate in a controlled polymerization process. We took inspiration from previous work on cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerizations of vinyl ethers that used thiocarbonylthio chain transfer agents. These polymerizations were initiated by a strong acid and gave well-defined poly(vinyl ether)s. We posited that we could remove the acid initiator in these systems and reversibly oxidize the thiocarbonylthio chain ends in these reactions with a photocatalyst to give a photocontrolled cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. This Account will focus on our journey to discover cationic photocontrolled polymerizations. We will summarize our initial developments and detail our mechanistic understanding of these reactions using both organic and inorganic based photocatalysts, and we will outline more recent efforts to expand cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerizations to other thioacetal initiators. Finally, we will detail how these photocontrolled cationic polymerizations can be used to switch monomer selectivity in situ using light to control polymer structure. At the end of the Account, we will discuss our vision for future potential applications of these photocontrolled cationic polymerizations in the synthesis of novel block copolymers and next generation cross-linked networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Sifri
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuting Ma
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brett P Fors
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tanaka K, Kishimoto M, Tanaka Y, Kamiyama Y, Asada Y, Sukekawa M, Ohtsuka N, Suzuki T, Momiyama N, Honda K, Hoshino Y. Moderately Oxidizing Thioxanthylium Organophotoredox Catalysts for Radical-Cation Diels-Alder Reactions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3319-3328. [PMID: 35142514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Moderately oxidizing thioxanthylium photoredox catalysts that operate under irradiation with green light have been developed. These catalysts exhibit relatively moderate excited-state reduction potentials [E1/2(C*/C•-) = 1.75-1.94 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE)] and can efficiently promote radical-cation Diels-Alder reactions under irradiation with green light. Interestingly, β-halogenostyrenes (Ep/2 = 1.57-1.61 V vs SCE) are well tolerated, affording synthetically useful halocyclohexenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tanaka
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mami Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Tanaka
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Asada
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sukekawa
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoya Ohtsuka
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | | | - Norie Momiyama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Honda
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hoshino
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bao L, Cheng JT, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Pyrylium salts acting as both energy transfer and electron transfer photocatalysts for E → Z isomerization of activated alkenes and cyclization of cinnamic or biaryl carboxylic acids. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Here we report that 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts could perform both energy transfer and electron transfer photocatalysis modes for E → Z isomerization of activated alkenes and cyclization of cinnamic or biaryl carboxylic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Tang Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tasnim T, Ryan C, Christensen ML, Fennell CJ, Pitre SP. Radical Perfluoroalkylation Enabled by a Catalytically Generated Halogen Bonding Complex and Visible Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2021; 24:446-450. [PMID: 34914870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting charge-transfer complexes in visible light-promoted single-electron redox reactions is a promising route for opening novel synthetic pathways, and catalytic approaches to complex formation are critical for facilitating this chemistry. This report describes the use of a substituted hydroquinone catalyst to promote radical perfluoroalkylation reactions. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction is initiated through formation of a visible light-absorbing halogen bonding complex between the hydroquinone catalyst and the perfluoroalkyl halide radical precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarannum Tasnim
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Calvin Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Miranda L Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Christopher J Fennell
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu GQ, Xu PF. Visible light organic photoredox catalytic cascade reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12914-12935. [PMID: 34782893 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04883j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, impressive progress has been made in the development of organic photoredox catalytic cascade reactions without the participation of expensive and toxic transition metals under visible light irradiation. These transformations highly depend on the in situ generation of various radical species in the photoredox catalytic cycles. Numerous chemically and biomedically valuable building blocks have been synthesized through this efficient and sustainable protocol. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in this blooming area by presenting a series of new catalytic cascade reactions mediated by organic photoredox catalysts and describe their mechanisms and applications which have appeared in the recent literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Devi L, Sharma G, Kant R, Shukla SK, Rastogi N. Regioselective synthesis of functionalized pyrazole-chalcones via a base mediated reaction of diazo compounds with pyrylium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4132-4136. [PMID: 33870359 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00274k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A base-mediated reaction of triaryl/alkyl pyrylium tetrafluoroborate salts with α-diazo-phosphonates, sulfones and trifluoromethyl compounds affords the corresponding functionalized pyrazole-chalcones as 5-P-5 and 3-P-3 tautomeric mixture. The reaction proceeds through an initial nucleophilic addition of diazo substrates to pyrylium salts followed by a base-mediated pyrylium ring-opening and intramolecular 1,5-cyclization to afford formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition products. The products underwent a Nazarov-type cyclization upon hydride reduction followed by acidic-workup, furnishing the corresponding indenyl-pyrazoles in high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Devi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hola E, Ortyl J. Pyrylium salt as a visible-light-induced photoredox catalyst for polymer and organic synthesis – Perspectives on catalyst design and performance. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Vellakkaran M, Hong S. Visible‐light‐induced Reactions Driven by Photochemical Activity of Quinolinone and Coumarin Scaffolds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Vellakkaran
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) 34141 Daejeon Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 34141 Daejeon Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) 34141 Daejeon Korea
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 34141 Daejeon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pokhriyal A, Singh Karki B, Kant R, Rastogi N. Redox-Neutral 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2 H-Azirines with 2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium Salts under Visible Light Irradiation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4661-4670. [PMID: 33677969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel visible light mediated redox-neutral 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 2H-azirines with 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate salts providing tetrasubstituted pyrroles has been developed. The 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salt acts as dipolarophile as well as photosensitizer in the reaction, under blue light irradiation. The control experiments indicated single electron oxidation of 2H-azirines by photoexcited pyrylium salts, followed by coupling between an azaallenyl radical cation and triarylpyranyl radical as the key mechanistic feature. The mild conditions, wide substrate scope, and complete regioselectivity are the noticeable attributes of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhupal Singh Karki
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Namrata Rastogi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sambiagio C, Ferrari M, van Beurden K, Ca’ ND, van Schijndel J, Noël T. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Pyrylium Tetrafluoroborates: Application to Synthesis of Katritzky Salts and Photoinduced Cationic RAFT Polymerization. Org Lett 2021; 23:2042-2047. [PMID: 33650879 PMCID: PMC8041383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Katritzky salts have emerged as effective alkyl radical sources upon metal- or photocatalysis. These are typically prepared from the corresponding triarylpyrylium ions, in turn an important class of photocatalysts for small molecules synthesis and photopolymerization. Here, a flow method for the rapid synthesis of both pyrylium and Katrizky salts in a telescoped fashion is reported. Moreover, several pyrylium salts were tested in the photoinduced RAFT polymerization of vinyl ethers under flow and batch conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic
Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Ferrari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic
Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Koen van Beurden
- Research
Group Biopolymers/Green Chemistry, Avans
University of Applied Science, 4818 CR Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola della Ca’
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jack van Schijndel
- Research
Group Biopolymers/Green Chemistry, Avans
University of Applied Science, 4818 CR Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic
Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmalzbauer M, Marcon M, König B. Excited State Anions in Organic Transformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6270-6292. [PMID: 33002265 PMCID: PMC7986118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing light is a smart way to fuel chemical transformations as it allows the energy to be selectively focused on certain molecules. Many reactions involving electronically excited species proceed via open-shell intermediates, which offer novel and unique routes to expand the hitherto used synthetic toolbox in organic chemistry. The direct conversion of non-prefunctionalized, less activated compounds is a highly desirable goal to pave the way towards more sustainable and atom-economic chemical processes. Photoexcited closed-shell anions have been shown to reach extreme potentials in single electron transfer reactions and reveal unusual excited-state reactivity. It is, therefore, surprising that their use as a reagent or photocatalyst is limited to a few examples. In this Review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of anionic photochemistry, highlight pioneering work, and show recent progress which has been made by utilizing photoexcited anionic species in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmalzbauer
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Michela Marcon
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murugesan K, Donabauer K, König B. Visible-Light-Promoted Metal-Free Synthesis of (Hetero)Aromatic Nitriles from C(sp 3 )-H Bonds*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2439-2445. [PMID: 33053270 PMCID: PMC7898869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The metal-free activation of C(sp3 )-H bonds to value-added products is of paramount importance in organic synthesis. We report the use of the commercially available organic dye 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPP) for the conversion of methylarenes to the corresponding aryl nitriles via a photocatalytic process. Applying this methodology, a variety of cyanobenzenes have been synthesized in good to excellent yield under metal- and cyanide-free conditions. We demonstrate the scope of the method with over 50 examples including late-stage functionalization of drug molecules (celecoxib) and complex structures such as l-menthol, amino acids, and cholesterol derivatives. Furthermore, the presented synthetic protocol is applicable for gram-scale reactions. In addition to methylarenes, selected examples for the cyanation of aldehydes, alcohols and oximes are demonstrated as well. Detailed mechanistic investigations have been carried out using time-resolved luminescence quenching studies, control experiments, and NMR spectroscopy as well as kinetic studies, all supporting the proposed catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Habert L, Cariou K. Photoinduced Aerobic Iodoarene-Catalyzed Spirocyclization of N-Oxy-amides to N-Fused Spirolactams*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:171-175. [PMID: 32956546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodoarene catalysis is a powerful methodology that usually requires an excess of oxidant, or of redox mediator if the terminal oxidant is dioxygen, to generate the key hypervalent iodine intermediate to proceed efficiently. We report that, using the spiro-cyclization of amides as a benchmark reaction, aerobic iodoarene catalysis can be enabled by relying on a pyrylium photocatalyst under blue light irradiation. This unprecedented dual organocatalytic system allows the use of low catalytic loading of both catalysts under very mild operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Habert
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bhowmick A, Warghude PK, Dharpure PD, Bhat RG. Direct access to α-acyloxycarbonyl compounds and esters via oxidative esterification of aldehydes under visible light. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of α-acyloxycarbonyl compounds and esters from aldehydes and α-bromocarbonyl compounds/benzyl bromide derivatives via photoredox catalysis has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash K. Warghude
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj D. Dharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramakrishna G. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schmalzbauer M, Marcon M, König B. Photoangeregte Anionen in organischen Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmalzbauer
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Michela Marcon
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alves J, Krappitz T, Feist F, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Combining Photodeprotection and Ligation into a Dual-Color Gated Reaction System. Chemistry 2020; 26:16985-16989. [PMID: 32839970 PMCID: PMC7894288 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a photochemical reaction system which requires activation by two colors of light. Specifically, a dual wavelength gated system is established by fusing the visible light mediated deprotection of a dithioacetal with the UV light activated Diels–Alder reaction of an o‐methylbenzaldehyde with n‐ethylmaleimide. Critically, both light sources are required to achieve the Diels–Alder adduct, irradiation with visible or UV light alone does not lead to the target product. The introduced dual gated photochemical system is particularly interesting for application in light driven 3D printing, where two color wavelength activated photoresists may become reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Alves
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Tim Krappitz
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Florian Feist
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Murugesan K, Donabauer K, König B. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Metal‐Free Synthesis of (Hetero)Aromatic Nitriles from C(sp
3
)−H Bonds**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Regensburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A Rational Approach to Organo‐Photocatalysis: Novel Designs and Structure‐Property Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
28
|
Vega‐Peñaloza A, Mateos J, Companyó X, Escudero‐Casao M, Dell'Amico L. A Rational Approach to Organo‐Photocatalysis: Novel Designs and Structure‐Property Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1082-1097. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vega‐Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Javier Mateos
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | | | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Habert L, Cariou K. Photoinduced Aerobic Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization of
N
‐Oxy‐amides to N‐Fused Spirolactams**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Habert
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301 Université Paris-Saclay CNRS 1, avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology Chimie ParisTech PSL University CNRS 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301 Université Paris-Saclay CNRS 1, avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology Chimie ParisTech PSL University CNRS 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alfonzo E, Hande SM. Photoredox and Weak Brønsted Base Dual Catalysis: Alkylation of α-Thio Alkyl Radicals. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sudhir M. Hande
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Solas M, Muñoz MA, Suárez-Pantiga S, Sanz R. Regiodivergent Hydration-Cyclization of Diynones under Gold Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:7681-7687. [PMID: 32915582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skipped diynones, efficiently prepared from biomass-derived ethyl lactate, undergo a tandem hydration-oxacyclization reaction under gold(I) catalysis. Reaction conditions have been developed for a switchable process that allows selective access to 4-pyrones or 3(2H)-furanones from the same starting diynones. Further application of this methodology in the total synthesis of polyporapyranone B was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Solas
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Elliott LD, Kayal S, George MW, Booker-Milburn K. Rational Design of Triplet Sensitizers for the Transfer of Excited State Photochemistry from UV to Visible. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14947-14956. [PMID: 32786778 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time Dependent Density Functional Theory has been used to assist the design and synthesis of a series thioxanthone triplet sensitizers. Calculated energies of the triplet excited state (ET) informed both the type and position of auxochromes placed on the thioxanthone core, enabling fine-tuning of the UV-vis absorptions and associated triplet energies. The calculated results were highly consistent with experimental observation in both the order of the λmax and ET values. The synthesized compounds were then evaluated for their efficacies as triplet sensitizers in a variety of UV and visible light preparative photochemical reactions. The results of this study exceeded expectations; in particular [2 + 2] cycloaddition chemistry that had previously been sensitized in the UV was found to undergo cycloaddition at 455 nm (blue) with a 2- to 9-fold increase in productivity (g/h) relative to input power. This study demonstrates the ability of powerful modern computational methods to aid in the design of successful and productive triplet sensitized photochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Elliott
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Surajit Kayal
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park,Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park,Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Kevin Booker-Milburn
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xuan J, He XK, Xiao WJ. Visible light-promoted ring-opening functionalization of three-membered carbo- and heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2546-2556. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this tutorial review, synthetic and mechanistic aspects of visible light-promoted ring-opening functionalization of three-membered carbo- and heterocycles are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Kui He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mateos J, Rigodanza F, Vega‐Peñaloza A, Sartorel A, Natali M, Bortolato T, Pelosi G, Companyó X, Bonchio M, Dell'Amico L. Naphthochromenones: Organic Bimodal Photocatalysts Engaging in Both Oxidative and Reductive Quenching Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1302-1312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mateos
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Francesco Rigodanza
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Alberto Vega‐Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ferrara Institution Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Tommaso Bortolato
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mateos J, Rigodanza F, Vega‐Peñaloza A, Sartorel A, Natali M, Bortolato T, Pelosi G, Companyó X, Bonchio M, Dell'Amico L. Naphthochromenones: Organic Bimodal Photocatalysts Engaging in Both Oxidative and Reductive Quenching Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mateos
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Francesco Rigodanza
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Alberto Vega‐Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ferrara Institution Via Luigi Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Tommaso Bortolato
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Institution Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Betori RC, May CM, Scheidt KA. Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C-H Benzylic Hydroxylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16490-16494. [PMID: 31465617 PMCID: PMC6829040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemical transformations that install heteroatoms into C-H bonds are of significant interest because they streamline the construction of value-added small molecules. Direct C-H oxyfunctionalization, or the one step conversion of a C-H bond to a C-O bond, could be a highly enabling transformation due to the prevalence of the resulting enantioenriched alcohols in pharmaceuticals and natural products,. Here we report a single-flask photoredox/enzymatic process for direct C-H hydroxylation that proceeds with broad reactivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This unified strategy advances general photoredox and enzymatic catalysis synergy and enables chemoenzymatic processes for powerful and selective oxidative transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick C Betori
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Catherine M May
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Betori RC, May CM, Scheidt KA. Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C−H Benzylic Hydroxylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick C. Betori
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Catherine M. May
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alfonzo E, Beeler AB. A sterically encumbered photoredox catalyst enables the unified synthesis of the classical lignan family of natural products. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7746-7754. [PMID: 31588322 PMCID: PMC6761868 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we detail a unified synthetic approach to the classical lignan family of natural products that hinges on divergence from a common intermediate that was strategically identified from nature's biosynthetic blueprints. Efforts toward accessing the common intermediate through a convergent and modular approach resulted in the discovery of a sterically encumbered photoredox catalyst that can selectively generate carbonyl ylides from electron-rich epoxides. These can undergo concerted [3 + 2] dipolar cycloadditions to afford tetrahydrofurans, which were advanced (2-4 steps) to at least one representative natural product or natural product scaffold within all six subtypes in classical lignans. The application of those synthetic blueprints to the synthesis of heterolignans bearing unnatural functionality was demonstrated, which establishes the potential of this strategy to accelerate structure-activity-relationship studies of these natural product frameworks and their rich biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , USA .
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vijay M, Kumar SV, Satheesh V, Ananthappan P, Srivastava HK, Ellairaja S, Vasantha VS, Punniyamurthy T. Stereospecific Assembly of Fused Imidazolidines via Tandem Ring Opening/Oxidative Amination of Aziridines with Cyclic Secondary Amines Using Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:7649-7654. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Vijay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Vanaparthi Satheesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tanaka K, Omata D, Asada Y, Hoshino Y, Honda K. Organophotoredox-Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxa-[4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10669-10678. [PMID: 31322873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An intermolecular oxa-[4+2] cycloaddition reaction promoted by a thioxanthylium photoredox catalyst under irradiation with green light has been developed. The reaction of ortho-quinone methides with styrenes smoothly affords the desired cycloadducts. Especially styrenes bearing electron-donating groups are efficiently transformed in this reaction. This method represents a sustainable way to carry out oxa-[4+2] cycloaddition reactions using only a catalytic amount of a photocatalyst and visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tanaka
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences , Yokohama National University , Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Daichi Omata
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences , Yokohama National University , Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Yosuke Asada
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences , Yokohama National University , Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Yujiro Hoshino
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences , Yokohama National University , Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Honda
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences , Yokohama National University , Tokiwadai , Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Verschueren RH, De Borggraeve WM. Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis: A Comparative Evaluation in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E2122. [PMID: 31195644 PMCID: PMC6600520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of synthetic transformations that have been performed by both electro- and photoredox catalysis. Both toolboxes are evaluated and compared in their ability to enable said transformations. Analogies and distinctions are formulated to obtain a better understanding in both research areas. This knowledge can be used to conceptualize new methodological strategies for either of both approaches starting from the other. It was attempted to extract key components that can be used as guidelines to refine, complement and innovate these two disciplines of organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik H Verschueren
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Haun G, Paneque AN, Almond DW, Austin BE, Moura-Letts G. Synthesis of Chromenoisoxazolidines from Substituted Salicylic Nitrones via Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:1388-1392. [PMID: 30779582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This effort reports the first redox-neutral visible-light photocatalytic intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition for the diastereoselective synthesis of chromenoisoxazolidines. The authors have found that alkenylphenyl nitrones with a diverse substitution pattern on the aromatic ring and the alkenyl substituent undergo visible-light-promoted cycloadditions in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ru(bpy)3Cl2 in high yields and selectivities. Evidence indicates that the proposed redox-neutral pathway is the predominant photoredox mechanism for this transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Haun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road , Glassboro , New Jersey 08028 , United States
| | - Alyson N Paneque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road , Glassboro , New Jersey 08028 , United States
| | - David W Almond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road , Glassboro , New Jersey 08028 , United States
| | - Brooke E Austin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road , Glassboro , New Jersey 08028 , United States
| | - Gustavo Moura-Letts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road , Glassboro , New Jersey 08028 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
9,10-Phenanthrenedione as Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyst: A Green Methodology for the Functionalization of 3,4-Dihydro-1,4-Benzoxazin-2-Ones through a Friedel-Crafts Reaction. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A visible-light photoredox functionalization of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones through a Friedel-Crafts reaction with indoles using an inexpensive organophotoredox catalyst is described. The reaction uses a dual catalytic system that is formed by a photocatalyst simple and cheap, 9,10-phenanthrenedione, and a Lewis acid, Zn(OTf)2. 5W white LEDs are used as visible-light source and oxygen from air as a terminal oxidant, obtaining the corresponding products with good yields. The reaction can be extended to other electron-rich arenes. Our methodology represents one of the most valuable and sustainable approach for the functionalization of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones, as compared to the reported procedures. Furthermore, several transformations were carried out, such as the synthesis of the natural product cephalandole A and a tryptophol derivative.
Collapse
|
44
|
Speckmeier E, Fischer TG, Zeitler K. A Toolbox Approach To Construct Broadly Applicable Metal-Free Catalysts for Photoredox Chemistry: Deliberate Tuning of Redox Potentials and Importance of Halogens in Donor-Acceptor Cyanoarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15353-15365. [PMID: 30277767 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The targeted choice of specific photocatalysts has been shown to play a critical role for the successful realization of challenging photoredox catalytic transformations. Herein, we demonstrate the successful implementation of a rational design strategy for a series of deliberate structural manipulations of cyanoarene-based, purely organic donor-acceptor photocatalysts, using 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as a starting point. Systematic modifications of both the donor substituents as well as the acceptors' molecular core allowed us to identify strongly oxidizing as well as strongly reducing catalysts (e.g., for an unprecedented detriflation of unactivated naphthol triflate), which additionally offer remarkably balanced redox potentials with predictable trends. Especially halogen arene core substitutions are instrumental for our targeted alterations of the catalysts' redox properties. Based on their preeminent electrochemical and photophysical characteristics, all novel, purely organic photoredox catalysts were evaluated in three challenging, mechanistically distinct classes of benchmark reactions (either requiring balanced, highly oxidizing or strongly reducing properties) to demonstrate their enormous potential as customizable photocatalysts, that outperform and complement prevailing typical best photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Tillmann G Fischer
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Kirsten Zeitler
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fathimath Salfeena CT, Basavaraja, Ashitha KT, Kumar VP, Varughese S, Suresh CH, Sasidhar BS. Synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical triarylpyrylium ions via an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12463-12466. [PMID: 30335088 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06444j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BF3·OEt2 mediated inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction of chalcones with aryl acetylenes is reported for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium ions. The protocol provides an effective one-pot method for the utilization of readily available simple substrates under mild reaction conditions leading to a diverse array of pyrylium ions in moderately good yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T Fathimath Salfeena
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - Basavaraja
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - K T Ashitha
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - V Praveen Kumar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - B S Sasidhar
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Antoni PW, Hansmann MM. Pyrylenes: A New Class of Tunable, Redox-Switchable, Photoexcitable Pyrylium–Carbene Hybrids with Three Stable Redox-States. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14823-14835. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Antoni
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alfonzo E, Mendoza JWL, Beeler AB. One-pot synthesis of epoxides from benzyl alcohols and aldehydes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2308-2312. [PMID: 30254694 PMCID: PMC6142752 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of epoxides from commercially available benzyl alcohols and aldehydes is described. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of sulfonium salts from benzyl alcohols and their subsequent deprotonation for use in Corey–Chaykovsky epoxidation of aldehydes. The generality of the method is exemplified by the synthesis of 34 epoxides that were made from an array of electronically and sterically varied alcohols and aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jesse W L Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Green-light-driven thioxanthylium-based organophotoredox catalysts: Organophotoredox promoted radical cation Diels-Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
49
|
Chagarovskiy AO, Vasin VS, Kuznetsov VV, Ivanova OA, Rybakov VB, Shumsky AN, Makhova NN, Trushkov IV. (3+3)-Annulation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Diaziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey O. Chagarovskiy
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of, Pediatric Hematology; Oncology and Immunology; Samory Mashela, 1 Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S. Vasin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of, Pediatric Hematology; Oncology and Immunology; Samory Mashela, 1 Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Kuznetsov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky pr. 47 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory, 1-3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Victor B. Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory, 1-3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey N. Shumsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Kosygina 4 Moscow 119334 Russian Federation
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky pr. 47 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of, Pediatric Hematology; Oncology and Immunology; Samory Mashela, 1 Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
- Faculty of Science; RUDN University; Miklukho-Maklaya 6 Moscow 117198 Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chagarovskiy AO, Vasin VS, Kuznetsov VV, Ivanova OA, Rybakov VB, Shumsky AN, Makhova NN, Trushkov IV. (3+3)-Annulation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Diaziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10338-10342. [PMID: 29936708 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first example of (3+3)-annulation of two different three-membered rings is reported herein. Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes in reaction with diaziridines were found to afford perhydropyridazine derivatives in high yields and diastereoselectivity under mild Lewis acid catalysis. The disclosed reaction is applicable for the broad substrate scope and exhibits an excellent functional group tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey O Chagarovskiy
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela, 1, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S Vasin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela, 1, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey N Shumsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Nina N Makhova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela, 1, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|