1
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Ellouz M, Ihammi A, Baraich A, Farihi A, Addichi D, Loughmari S, Sebbar NK, Bouhrim M, A. Mothana R, M. Noman O, Eto B, Chigr F, Chigr M. Synthesis and In Silico Analysis of New Polyheterocyclic Molecules Derived from [1,4]-Benzoxazin-3-one and Their Inhibitory Effect against Pancreatic α-Amylase and Intestinal α-Glucosidase. Molecules 2024; 29:3086. [PMID: 38999038 PMCID: PMC11243342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on synthesizing a new series of isoxazolinyl-1,2,3-triazolyl-[1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives 5a-5o. The synthesis method involves a double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction following a "click chemistry" approach, starting from the respective [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-ones. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of these newly synthesized compounds through in silico methods. This synthesis approach allows for the combination of three heterocyclic components: [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one, 1,2,3-triazole, and isoxazoline, known for their diverse biological activities. The synthesis procedure involved a two-step process. Firstly, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction was performed involving the propargylic moiety linked to the [1,4]-benzoxazin-3-one and the allylic azide. Secondly, a second cycloaddition reaction was conducted using the product from the first step, containing the allylic part and an oxime. The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic methods, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135, and IR. This molecular docking method revealed a promising antidiabetic potential of the synthesized compounds, particularly against two key diabetes-related enzymes: pancreatic α-amylase, with the two synthetic molecules 5a and 5o showing the highest affinity values of 9.2 and 9.1 kcal/mol, respectively, and intestinal α-glucosidase, with the two synthetic molecules 5n and 5e showing the highest affinity values of -9.9 and -9.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Indeed, the synthesized compounds have shown significant potential as antidiabetic agents, as indicated by molecular docking studies against the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Additionally, ADME analyses have revealed that all the synthetic compounds examined in our study demonstrate high intestinal absorption, meet Lipinski's criteria, and fall within the required range for oral bioavailability, indicating their potential suitability for oral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ellouz
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Aziz Ihammi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Abdellah Baraich
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Ayoub Farihi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
- Oriental Center for Water and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (COSTE), Mohammed Premier University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Darifa Addichi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Saliha Loughmari
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Nada Kheira Sebbar
- Laboratory of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Applied Bioorganic Chemistry Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.)
- Laboratoires TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 83, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoires TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 83, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Mohammed Chigr
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCMMC), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (D.A.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
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2
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Miyazaki M, Ura Y. Palladium/Iron-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Aliphatic Terminal and Internal Alkenes Using O 2. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41983-41990. [PMID: 37969998 PMCID: PMC10634151 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wacker-type oxidation of aliphatic terminal alkenes proceeds using a Pd/Fe catalyst system under mild reaction conditions using 1 atm O2 without other additives. The use of 1,2-dimethoxyethane/H2O as a mixed solvent was effective. The slow addition of alkenes is also important for improving product yields. Fe(III) citrate was the most efficient cocatalyst among the iron complexes examined, whereas other complexes such as FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe(NO3)3, and Fe2O3 were also operative. This method is also applicable to aliphatic internal alkenes, which are generally difficult to oxidize using conventional Pd/Cu catalyst systems. The gram-scale synthesis and reuse of the Pd catalysts were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry,
Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ura
- Department of Chemistry,
Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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3
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Zhang B, Deng W, Xu ZY. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Amines with Mo(CO) 6 as the Carbonyl Source. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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4
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Sietmann J, Tenberge M, Wahl JM. Wacker Oxidation of Methylenecyclobutanes: Scope and Selectivity in an Unusual Setting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215381. [PMID: 36416612 PMCID: PMC10108300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylenecyclobutanes are found to undergo Wacker oxidation via a semi-pinacol-type rearrangement. Key to a successful process is the use of tert-butyl nitrite as oxidant, which not only enables efficient catalyst turn-over but also ensures high Markovnikov-selectivity under mild conditions. Thus, cyclopentanones (26 examples) can be accessed in an overall good yield and excellent selectivity (up to 97 % yield, generally >99 : 1 ketone:aldehyde ratio). Stereochemical analysis of the reaction sequence reveals migration aptitudes in line with related 1,2-shifts. By introducing a pyox ligand to palladium, prochiral methylenecyclobutanes can be desymmetrized, thus realizing the first enantioselective Wacker oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sietmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Tenberge
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes M Wahl
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Tanaka R, Komori S, Shimizu Y, Kataoka Y, Ura Y. Synthesis of 2-hydroxytetrahydrofurans by Wacker-type oxidation of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:570-574. [PMID: 34989385 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02277f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,1-Disubstituted alkenes feature high steric hindrance, which renders their Wacker-type oxidation difficult. We demonstrate the stereoselective synthesis of 2-hydroxytetrahydrofurans via the Wacker-type oxidation of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ols by using a PdCl2(MeCN)2/NO/BQ catalyst system under 1 atm O2 in H2O or H2O/DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Saki Komori
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Shimizu
- Synthesis Research Laboratory, Kurashiki Research Center, Kuraray Co., Ltd, 2045-1, Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0801, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kataoka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Ura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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6
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Xu J. Selective hydroboration of equilibrating allylic azides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8913-8916. [PMID: 35225991 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The iridium(I)-catalyzed hydroboration of equilibrating allylic azides is reported to provide only the anti-Markovnikov product of alk-1-ene isomers in good yields and with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Rd, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Rd, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Rd, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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7
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Hellwig PS, Guedes JS, Barcellos AM, Jacob RG, Silveira CC, Lenardão EJ, Perin G. Synthesis of benzo[ b]chalcogenophenes fused to selenophenes via intramolecular electrophilic cyclization of 1,3-diynes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:596-604. [PMID: 33355583 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein an alternative and transition-metal-free procedure for the access of benzo[b]chalcogenophenes fused to selenophenes via intramolecular cyclization of 1,3-diynes. This efficient protocol involves a double cyclization of 1,3-diynyl chalcogen derivatives promoted by the electrophilic species of organoselenium generated in situ by the oxidative cleavage of the Se-Se bond of dibutyl diselenide using Oxone® in acetonitrile as solvent in an open-flask at 80 °C. In this study, 15 selenophenes with broad substrate scope were prepared in moderate to excellent yields (55-98%) with short reaction times (0.5-3.0 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Hellwig
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jonatan S Guedes
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Angelita M Barcellos
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Raquel G Jacob
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Claudio C Silveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria - RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Thio acid-mediated conversion of azides to amides – Investigation of 2-azidotetrahydobenzimidazoles and derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Saha S, Yadav S, Reshi NUD, Dutta I, Kunnikuruvan S, Bera JK. Electronic Asymmetry of an Annelated Pyridyl–Mesoionic Carbene Scaffold: Application in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Olefins. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Noor U Din Reshi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Indranil Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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10
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Liu R, Wei Z, Wang J, Liu Y, Xue H. Highly selective hydrosilylation of equilibrating allylic azides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5038-5041. [PMID: 32242569 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of equilibrating allylic azides is reported. The reaction provides only one out of four possible hydrosilylation products in good yields and with very high chemoselectivity (alk-1-ene vs. alk-2-ene), regioselectivity (linear vs. branched), and excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Rd., Yangzhou 225002, China.
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11
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Carlson AS, Liu EC, Topczewski JJ. A Cascade Reaction of Cinnamyl Azides with Acrylates Directly Generates Tetrahydro-Pyrrolo-Pyrazole Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6044-6059. [PMID: 32281795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing reactions to generate complex and modular building blocks in a concise and direct fashion remains a contemporary synthetic challenge. This work describes a stereoselective cascade reaction between allylic azides and acrylates that directly generates tetrahydro-pyrrolo-pyrazole ring systems. These products contain up to four contiguous stereocenters, two of which may be tetrasubstituted carbon atoms attached to a nitrogen atom. Over 30 examples are provided with an average isolated yield of 71% (ranging from 40% to 94%). The reaction was easily scaled to use more than one gram of starting material, and the products can be readily diversified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - En-Chih Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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12
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Fernandes RA, Jha AK, Kumar P. Recent advances in Wacker oxidation: from conventional to modern variants and applications. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the well-known Wacker oxidation process from conventional to modern variants and applications to natural products' synthesis are compiled in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Amit K. Jha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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13
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Brunzel T, Heppekausen J, Panten J, Köckritz A. Selective Wacker type oxidation of a macrocyclic diene to the corresponding monounsaturated ketone used as fragrance. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27865-27873. [PMID: 35530498 PMCID: PMC9070781 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective reaction method for the efficient conversion of an isomeric mixture of 1,9-cyclohexadecadiene (1,9-CHDD) to the corresponding monounsaturated cyclohexadec-8-en-1-one (8-CHD) is described. 8-CHD was synthesized via Wacker type oxidation at room temperature using a highly electrophilic in situ formed dicationic palladium species. Isomerisation of the diene and over-oxidation of the substrate could be nearly suppressed by suitable reaction control, which has a positive effect on selectivity. The utilization of molecular oxygen as a green oxidant and environmentally benign iron(iii) salts as co-catalysts was successfully applied. This reaction strategy is promising to overcome the low overall reactivity of internal olefins in Wacker type oxidations. In addition, larger scale experiments showed further potential for industrial application. A selective reaction method for the efficient conversion of an isomeric mixture of 1,9-cyclohexadecadiene (1,9-CHDD) to the corresponding monounsaturated cyclohexadec-8-en-1-one (8-CHD) is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Brunzel
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | | | - Angela Köckritz
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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14
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Abstract
Allylic azides are underutilized in organic synthesis when compared to other organic azides or other allylic functionality. This is likely because allylic azides rearrange at room temperature, resulting in a potentially complex mixture of azides. This rearrangement has been termed the Winstein rearrangement. Understanding the mechanism and basic principles governing the allylic azide equilibrium may aid in developing applications for these molecules based on either alkene or azide functionalization. Presented herein is a compilation of the key observations regarding the nature of the allylic azide rearrangement. Mechanistic considerations are explicitly addressed with key examples from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Ott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Carlson AS, Topczewski JJ. Allylic azides: synthesis, reactivity, and the Winstein rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4406-4429. [PMID: 30969292 PMCID: PMC6530792 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic azides are useful synthetic intermediates, which demonstrate broad reactivity. Unlike most organic azides, allylic azides can spontaneously rearrange to form a mixture of isomers. This rearrangement has been named the Winstein rearrangement. Using allylic azides can result in low yields and azide racemization in some synthetic contexts due to the Winstein rearrangement. Effort has been made to understand the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement and to take advantage of this process. Several guiding principles can be used to identify which azides will produce a mixture of isomers and which will resist rearrangement. Selective reaction conditions can be used to differentiate the azide isomers in a dynamic manner. This review covers all aspects of allylic azides including their synthesis, their reactivity, the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement, and reactions that can selectively elaborate an azide isomer. This review covers the literature from Winstein's initial report to early 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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16
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Ojo OS, Miranda O, Baumgardner KC, Bugarin A. Practical regio- and stereoselective azidation and amination of terminal alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:9354-9358. [PMID: 30489592 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02734j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is significant interest in developing more rapid and efficient production of nitrogen-containing allylic compounds, as widely used in various syntheses. This work reports a variety of allylic azides and allylic amines synthesized by an efficient, new one-pot protocol that employs readily available terminal alkenes as starting materials. This method is highly regio- and stereoselective, affording the linear (E)-isomer, under metal-free conditions. This process tolerates several functional groups including halogen-containing molecules; it is general for azides and amine nucleophiles; and, adducts were obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji S Ojo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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17
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Tang SQ, Bricard J, Schmitt M, Bihel F. Fukuyama Cross-Coupling Approach to Isoprekinamycin: Discovery of the Highly Active and Bench-Stable Palladium Precatalyst POxAP. Org Lett 2019; 21:844-848. [PMID: 30656941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and user-friendly palladium(II) precatalyst, POxAP (post-oxidative-addition precatalyst), was identified for use in Fukuyama cross-coupling reactions. Suitable for storage under air, the POxAP precatalyst allowed reaction between thioesters and organozinc reagents with turnover numbers of ∼90000. A series of 23 ketones were obtained with yields ranging from 53 to 99%. As proof of efficacy, an alternative approach was developed for the synthesis of a key precursor of the natural product isoprekinamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qi Tang
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin , 67412 Illkirch , France
| | - Jacques Bricard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin , 67412 Illkirch , France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin , 67412 Illkirch , France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin , 67412 Illkirch , France
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18
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Chiu HC, See XY, Tonks IA. Dative Directing Group Effects in Ti-Catalyzed [2+2+1] Pyrrole Synthesis: Chemo- and Regioselective Alkyne Heterocoupling. ACS Catal 2019; 9:216-223. [PMID: 31768294 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient dative substrate-Ti interactions have been found to play a key role in controlling the regioselectivity of alkyne insertion and [2+2] cycloaddition in Ti-catalyzed [2+2+1] pyrrole synthesis and Ti-catalyzed alkyne hydroamination. TMS-protected alkynes with pendent Lewis basic groups can invert the regioselectivity of TMS-protected alkyne insertion, leading to the selective formation of highly substituted 3-TMS pyrroles. The competency of various potential directing groups was investigated, and it was found that the directing-group effect can be tuned by modifying the catalyst Lewis acidity, the directing-group basicity, or the directing-group tether length. Dative directing-group effects are unexplored with Ti catalysts, and this study demonstrates the potential power of dative substrate-Ti interactions in tuning selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chun Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Yan JL, Cheng Y, Chen J, Ratnayake R, Dang LH, Luesch H, Guo Y, Ye T. Total Synthesis of Asperphenins A and B. Org Lett 2018; 20:6170-6173. [PMID: 30232896 PMCID: PMC7331471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of asperphenins A and B has been accomplished in a concise, highly stereoselective fashion from commercially available materials (15 steps, 9.7% and 14.2% overall yields, respectively). The convergent route featured the judicious choice of protecting groups, fragment assembly strategy and a late-stage iron-catalyzed Wacker-type selective oxidation of an internal alkene to the corresponding ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Long H. Dang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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20
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Ott AA, Packard MH, Ortuño MA, Johnson A, Suding VP, Cramer CJ, Topczewski JJ. Evidence for a Sigmatropic and an Ionic Pathway in the Winstein Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8214-8224. [PMID: 29870252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous rearrangement of allylic azides is thought to be a sigmatropic reaction. Presented herein is a detailed investigation into the rearrangement of several allylic azides. A combination of experiments including equilibrium studies, kinetic analysis, density functional theory calculations, and selective 15N-isotopic labeling are included. We conclude that the Winstein rearrangement occurs by the assumed sigmatropic pathway under most conditions. However, racemization was observed for some cyclic allylic azides. A kinetic analysis of this process is provided, which supports a previously undescribed ionic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Ott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Mary H Packard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Manuel A Ortuño
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Alayna Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Victoria P Suding
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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