1
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Huang Y, Zhu T, Li Y, Huang D. Chain Extension of Piperazine in Ethanol: Synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(Phenylthio)ethyl)piperazinyl)acetonitriles and ACAT-1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:3723. [PMID: 39202802 PMCID: PMC11356844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A base-induced synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(phenylthio)ethyl)piperazinyl) acetonitriles by reaction of disulfides, 1-(chloromethyl)-4-aza-1-azonia bicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride and trimethylsilyl cyanide is reported. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 30 examples. The reaction mechanism research indicates that the three-component reaction would be a SN2 reaction. The products exhibit good activities towards advanced synthesis of aqueous soluble acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) inhibitors. Our work is superior as it uses less-odor disulfides as carbon sources and EtOH as solvent in a water and dioxygen insensitive reaction system, followed by a simple purification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (T.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (T.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (T.Z.)
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (T.Z.)
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2
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Bugaenko DI, Tikhanova OA, Andreychev VV, Karchava AV. Arylation of Diethyl Acetamidomalonate with Diaryliodonium Salts En Route to α-Arylglycines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9923-9928. [PMID: 38950106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Diethyl acetamidomalonate (DEAM) has been widely used for the synthesis of α-amino acids via C-alkylation under basic conditions followed by hydrolysis/decarboxylation. In contrast, the C-arylation of this reagent remains undeveloped. Herein, we report a novel strategy for the synthesis of racemic α-arylglycines based on the selective arylation of DEAM with diaryliodonium salts under mild, transition metal-free conditions. The reaction features good functional group tolerance and easy scalability and is applicable to the chemoselective C-H-modification of arenes including approved drugs, thus enabling a straightforward approach to complex α-arylglycines that would be challenging to make otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Bugaenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Tikhanova
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Ranishenka B, Lamekina Y, Seviarynchyk T, Bugaenko D, Shmanai V, Karchava A. N-Aryl-DABCO Salts as an Unprecedented Sensing Platform for the Detection of Thiols and Selenols. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400229. [PMID: 38369579 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Quaternary N-aryl-DABCO salts were introduced for the first time as a highly selective sensing platform for thiols and selenols. By employing this platform, a highly sensitive coumarin based "off-on" fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized. The probe possesses a good solubility in water, low background fluorescence, and, most importantly, demonstrates high selectivity to aryl thiols and selenols over their aliphatic counterparts and other common nucleophiles. A dramatic increase in fluorescence intensity is achieved through the selective cleavage of the quaternized DABCO-ring, yielding a piperazine derivatives with a high fluorescence quantum yield (~72 %). Moreover, stability of the probe to the most used reducing agents DTT and TCEP was demonstrated. The limits of detection for p-thiocresol and phenyl selenide were evaluated to be 22 nM and 6 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahdan Ranishenka
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Yuliya Lamekina
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Seviarynchyk
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Dmitry Bugaenko
- Department of Chemistry., Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vadim Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganova Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Alexander Karchava
- Department of Chemistry., Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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4
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Zhang X, Su W, Guo H, Fang P, Yang K, Song Q. N-Heterocycle-Editing to Access Fused-BN-Heterocycles via Ring-Opening/C-H Borylation/Reductive C-B Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318613. [PMID: 38196396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal editing of N-heterocycles has recently received considerable attention, and the introduction of boron atom into heterocycles often results in positive property changes. However, direct enlargement of N-heterocycles through boron atom insertion is rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report a N-heterocyclic editing reaction through the combination boron atom insertion and C-H borylation, accessing the fused-BN-heterocycles. The synthetic potential of this chemistry was demonstrated by substrate scope and late-stage diversification of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wanlan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Huosheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Pengyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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5
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Alvarez EM, Stewart G, Ullah M, Lalisse R, Gutierrez O, Malapit CA. Site-Selective Electrochemical Arene C-H Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3591-3597. [PMID: 38295054 PMCID: PMC11071122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Here we present the discovery and development of a highly selective aromatic C-H amination reaction. This electrochemical strategy involves a cathodic reduction process that generates highly electrophilic dicationic N-centered radicals that can efficiently engage in aromatic C-H functionalization and channel the regioselectivity of the aromatic substitution. The nitrogen-radical cation-pi interaction with arenes used throughout nature leads to a charge transfer mechanism, with subsequent aromatic C-N bond formation. This electrochemical process generates aryl DABCOnium salts in excellent yields and regioselectivities (single regioisomer in most cases). The scope of the reaction on arene is broad where various functionalities such as aryl halides (bromides, chlorides, fluorides), carbonyls (ketones, esters, imides), sulfonamides, and heteroarenes (pyridines, bipyridines, and terpyridines) are well tolerated. Moreover, we disclose the synthetic utility of the aryl DABCOnium salt adducts leading to the direct access of diverse aryl piperazines and the chemoselective cleavage of the exocyclic aryl C(sp2)-N bond over electrophilic C(sp3)-N+ bonds via photoredox catalysis to afford synthetically useful aryl radicals that can engage in aryl C-C and C-P bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Griffin Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohammed Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Remy Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christian A Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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6
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Romanelli MN, Braconi L, Gabellini A, Manetti D, Marotta G, Teodori E. Synthetic Approaches to Piperazine-Containing Drugs Approved by FDA in the Period of 2011-2023. Molecules 2023; 29:68. [PMID: 38202651 PMCID: PMC10780301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The piperazine moiety is often found in drugs or in bioactive molecules. This widespread presence is due to different possible roles depending on the position in the molecule and on the therapeutic class, but it also depends on the chemical reactivity of piperazine-based synthons, which facilitate its insertion into the molecule. In this paper, we take into consideration the piperazine-containing drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration between January 2011 and June 2023, and the synthetic methodologies used to prepare the compounds in the discovery and process chemistry are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novella Romanelli
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (A.G.); (D.M.); (G.M.); (E.T.)
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7
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Linde E, Olofsson B. Synthesis of Complex Diarylamines through a Ring-Opening Difunctionalization Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310921. [PMID: 37847128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The diarylation and skeletal diversification of unstrained cyclic amines was exploited to expand and modify the favorable properties of this important substrate class with pivotal roles in drug discovery. Cyclic amines were employed in the synthesis of a novel class of amino-substituted diaryliodonium salts, which were converted to highly functionalized diarylamines through an atom-efficient one-pot N-arylation/ring opening reaction with external nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds through in situ formation of a diarylammonium intermediate that undergoes a nucleophilic ring opening by cleavage of the strong C-N bond. A wide variety of diarylamines was obtained through introduction of two different aryl groups of varied electronics, and the retained iodo-substituent enables downfield diversifications of the products. More than 20 nucleophiles, including amines, phenols, carboxylic acids, thiols and halides, were alkylated with high functional group tolerance, and the strategy proved efficient also in in late-stage functionalization of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Linde
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Nabar KU, Bhanage BM, Dawande SG. Copper-catalyzed N-arylation of amines with aryliodonium ylides in water. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1008-1014. [PMID: 37440786 PMCID: PMC10334208 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper sulfate catalyzed an efficient, inexpensive, and environment-friendly protocol that has been developed for N-arylation of amines with 1,3-cyclohexadione-derived aryliodonium ylides in water as a green solvent. Aromatic primary amines substituted with electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing groups on the aryl ring reacted smoothly with iodonium ylides to give the corresponding diarylamines with good to excellent yields. Also, secondary amines underwent N-arylation to deliver tertiary amines with moderate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi U Nabar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhalchandra M Bhanage
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudam G Dawande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India
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9
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Saikia RA, Talukdar K, Pathak D, Sarma B, Thakur AJ. Utilization of Aryl(TMP)iodonium Salts for Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Isatoic Anhydrides: An Avenue to Fenamic Acid Derivatives and N,N'-Diarylindazol-3-ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3567-3581. [PMID: 36827541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general method for copper-catalyzed N-arylation of isatoic anhydrides with unsymmetrical iodonium salts at room temperature. The developed catalytic protocol is mild and operationally simple, and aryl(TMP)iodonium trifluoroacetate is employed as the arylating partner. The methodology offers the broad applicability of both structurally and electronically diverse aryl groups from aryl(TMP)iodonium salts to access N-arylated isatoic anhydrides in moderate to excellent yields (53-92%). Moreover, the substituted isatoic anhydrides are equally compatible with the protocol too. To demonstrate the synthetic utilities of the N-arylation process, we also report an alternative approach for biologically relevant fenamic acid derivatives and N,N'-diarylindazol-3-ones in a one-pot step economical system. In addition, the scale-up synthesis of flufenamic acid is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Abha Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Khanindra Talukdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Debabrat Pathak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Ashim Jyoti Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
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10
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Bugaenko DI, Volkov AA, Andreychev VV, Karchava AV. Reaction of Diaryliodonium Salts with Potassium Alkyl Xanthates as an Entry Point to Accessing Organosulfur Compounds. Org Lett 2023; 25:272-276. [PMID: 36594721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of S-aryl xanthates via transition-metal-catalyzed or SNAr reactions is complicated by their further transformations under the utilized conditions. In contrast, S-arylation of potassium O-alkyl xanthates with diaryliodonium salts proceeds under mild conditions, enabling access to substituted S-aryl xanthates. The method exhibits good functional group tolerance and can be applied to the late-stage C-H functionalization of drug molecules. Divergent transformations of the resulting S-aryl xanthates provide rapid access to a range of medicinal chemistry-relevant organosulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Bugaenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Volkov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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11
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Catalyst‐Free Visible Light Mediated Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tertiary Arylphosphines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Kikushima K, Miyamoto N, Watanabe K, Koseki D, Kita Y, Dohi T. Ligand- and Counterion-Assisted Phenol O-Arylation with TMP-Iodonium(III) Acetates. Org Lett 2022; 24:1924-1928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kikushima
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuma Watanabe
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daichi Koseki
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kita
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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13
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Karandikar SS, Stuart DR. Refining boron-iodane exchange to access versatile arylation reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1211-1214. [PMID: 34982811 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl(Mes)iodonium salts, which are multifaceted aryl transfer reagents, are synthesized via boron-iodane exchange. Modification to both the nucleophilic (aryl boron) and electrophilic (mesityl-λ3-iodane) reaction components results in improved yield and faster reaction time compared to previous conditions. Mechanistic studies reveal a pathway that is more like transmetallation than SEAr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhendu S Karandikar
- Portland State University, Chemistry, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Science Research and Teaching Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
| | - David R Stuart
- Portland State University, Chemistry, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Science Research and Teaching Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
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14
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Kikushima K, Elboray EE, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Solorio-Alvarado CR, Dohi T. Diaryliodonium(III) Salts in One-Pot Double Functionalization of C–IIII and ortho C–H Bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3231-3248. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1950s, diaryliodonium(III) salts have been demonstrated to participate in various arylation reactions, forming aryl–heteroatom and aryl–carbon bonds. Incorporating the arylation step into sequential transformations would provide access to...
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15
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Huang H, Zou X, Cao S, Peng Z, Peng Y, Wang X. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Cyclization of Aldehydes with α-Diazo Iodonium Triflate: Facile Access to 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:4185-4190. [PMID: 33989007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel organocatalytic process for synthesis of complex 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from readily accessible aldehydes. By exploiting the nucleophilicity of the putative Breslow intermediate and the inherent electrophilicity of α-diazo iodonium triflate, we have found that N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst promotes efficient cyclization of various aldehydes and α-diazo iodonium triflates. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with a wide range of functional group tolerance. The heterocyclic products can be readily further functionalized, rendering the protocol highly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xianghua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Si Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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16
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Zheng B, Li X, Song Y, Meng S, Li Y, Liu Q, Pan L. Visible-Light-Induced Formation of Thiavinyl 1,3-Dipoles: A Metal-Free [3+2] Oxidative Cyclization with Alkynes as Easy Access to Thiophenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:3453-3459. [PMID: 33881879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced [3+2] oxidative cyclization of various alkynes with easily available ketene dithioacetals as the previously unknown thiavinyl 1,3-dipoles in the presence of an acridine photosensitizer is reported. A series of multisubstituted thiophenes were achieved regioselectively in ≤98% yields under very mild metal-free conditions without other additives. This reaction could tolerate a wide range of substrates and achieve good efficiency in large-scale syntheses. The reaction mechanism and their applications are described in detail to reveal the reactivity of the new 1,3-dipoles and the selectivity of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Zheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular, Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular, Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yang Song
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular, Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shuyang Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular, Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular, Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular, Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular, Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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17
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Zhao K, Du Y, Peng Q, Yu WH, Wang BQ, Feng C, Xiang SK. Regiodivergent C-H Arylation of Triphenylene Derivatives Controlled by Electronic Effects of Diaryliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2986-2997. [PMID: 33481590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A regiodivergent C-H arylation of triphenylene derivatives with diaryliodonium salts was developed. The regiodivergence was controlled by electronic effects of diaryliodonium salts. When the aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts bearing strong electron-donating groups at the para-position of aryl groups were used, the arylation reactions occurred ortho to amide groups. However, if the aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts bearing electron-withdrawing groups or weak electron-donating groups at the para-position of aryl groups were utilized, the arylation reactions occurred meta to amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yu Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Qiong Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Chun Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Shi-Kai Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
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18
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Bugaenko DI, Volkov AA, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Generation of aryl radicals by redox processes. Recent progress in the arylation methodology. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arylation methods based on the generation and use of aryl radicals have been a rapidly growing field of research in recent years and currently represent a powerful strategy for carbon – carbon and carbon – heteroatom bond formation. The progress in this field is related to advances in the methods for generation of aryl radicals. The currently used aryl radical precursors include aryl halides, aryldiazonium and diaryliodonium salts, arylcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, arylboronic acids, arylhydrazines, organosulfur(II, VI) compounds and some other compounds. Aryl radicals are generated under mild conditions by single electron reduction or oxidation of precursors induced by conventional reagents, visible light or electric current. A crucial role in the development of the radical arylation methodology belongs to photoredox processes either catalyzed by transition metal complexes or organic dyes or proceeding without catalysts. Unlike the conventional transition metal-catalyzed arylation methods, radical arylation reactions proceed very often at room temperature and have high functional group tolerance. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this review covers the most important advances of the current decade in the generation and synthetic applications of (het)aryl radicals. Examples of reactions are given and mechanistic insights are highlighted.
The bibliography includes 341 references.
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19
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Kim Y, Heo J, Kim D, Chang S, Seo S. Ring-opening functionalizations of unstrained cyclic amines enabled by difluorocarbene transfer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4761. [PMID: 32958762 PMCID: PMC7506026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis based on the skeletal variation has been prolifically utilized as an attractive approach for modification of molecular properties. Given the ubiquity of unstrained cyclic amines, the ability to directly alter such motifs would grant an efficient platform to access unique chemical space. Here, we report a highly efficient and practical strategy that enables the selective ring-opening functionalization of unstrained cyclic amines. The use of difluorocarbene leads to a wide variety of multifaceted acyclic architectures, which can be further diversified to a range of distinctive homologative cyclic scaffolds. The virtue of this deconstructive strategy is demonstrated by successful modification of several natural products and pharmaceutical analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kuriyama M, Hanazawa N, Abe Y, Katagiri K, Ono S, Yamamoto K, Onomura O. N- and O-arylation of pyridin-2-ones with diaryliodonium salts: base-dependent orthogonal selectivity under metal-free conditions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8295-8300. [PMID: 34123094 PMCID: PMC8163315 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-free N- and O-arylation reactions of pyridin-2-ones as ambident nucleophiles have been achieved with diaryliodonium salts on the basis of base-dependent chemoselectivity. In the presence of N,N-diethylaniline in fluorobenzene, pyridin-2-ones were very selectively converted to N-arylated products in high yields. On the other hand, the O-arylation reactions smoothly proceeded with the use of quinoline in chlorobenzene, leading to high yields and selectivities. In these methods, a variety of pyridin-2-ones in addition to pyridin-4-one and a set of diaryliodonium salts were accepted as suitable reaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Natsumi Hanazawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Kotone Katagiri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Shimpei Ono
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Osamu Onomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
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21
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Egalahewa S, Aprile A, Dutton JL. Reactions of PhIX 2 I(iii) oxidants with heavy triphenyl pnictines. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7507-7513. [PMID: 32452498 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+, PhI(OAc)2 and PhI(OTf)(OAc) with Ph3As, Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi are described. The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+ with Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi afford dicationic Pn(v) complexes ligated by pyridine in one step. These were previously reported by Burford in multi-step syntheses. Reactions with PhI(OAc)2, which were already known for Sb and Bi giving Pn(v) diacetates, were confirmed to give the same type of compound for As. Reactions with PhI(OAc)(OTf) were less selective, resulting in the isolation of iodonium cations [Ph-I-Ph]+ for As and Bi, while Ph3Sb gave an oxobridged di-antimony species characteristic of the decomposition of a high valent triflate bound species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathsara Egalahewa
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3086.
| | - Antonino Aprile
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3086.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3086.
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22
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Seo J, Kim D, Ko HM. Benzyne‐Induced Ring Opening Reactions of DABCO: Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Piperazines and Piperidines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseob Seo
- Department of Bio-Nano ChemistryWonkwang University 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Daegeun Kim
- Department of Bio-Nano ChemistryWonkwang University 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Haye Min Ko
- Department of Bio-Nano ChemistryWonkwang University 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
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23
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Mayer RJ, Ofial AR, Mayr H, Legault CY. Lewis Acidity Scale of Diaryliodonium Ions toward Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Halogen Lewis Bases. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5221-5233. [PMID: 32125154 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium constants for the associations of 17 diaryliodonium salts Ar2I+X- with 11 different Lewis bases (halide ions, carboxylates, p-nitrophenolate, amines, and tris(p-anisyl)phosphine) have been investigated by titrations followed by photometric or conductometric methods as well as by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in acetonitrile at 20 °C. The resulting set of equilibrium constants KI covers 6 orders of magnitude and can be expressed by the linear free-energy relationship lg KI = sI LAI + LBI, which characterizes iodonium ions by the Lewis acidity parameter LAI, as well as the iodonium-specific affinities of Lewis bases by the Lewis basicity parameter LBI and the susceptibility sI. Least squares minimization with the definition LAI = 0 for Ph2I+ and sI = 1.00 for the benzoate ion provides Lewis acidities LAI for 17 iodonium ions and Lewis basicities LBI and sI for 10 Lewis bases. The lack of a general correlation between the Lewis basicities LBI (with respect to Ar2I+) and LB (with respect to Ar2CH+) indicates that different factors control the thermodynamics of Lewis adduct formation for iodonium ions and carbenium ions. Analysis of temperature-dependent equilibrium measurements as well as ITC experiments reveal a large entropic contribution to the observed Gibbs reaction energies for the Lewis adduct formations from iodonium ions and Lewis bases originating from solvation effects. The kinetics of the benzoate transfer from the bis(4-dimethylamino)-substituted benzhydryl benzoate Ar2CH-OBz to the phenyl(perfluorophenyl)iodonium ion was found to follow a first-order rate law. The first-order rate constant kobs was not affected by the concentration of Ph(C6F5)I+ indicating that the benzoate release from Ar2CH-OBz proceeds via an unassisted SN1-type mechanism followed by interception of the released benzoate ions by Ph(C6F5)I+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Claude Y Legault
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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24
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Bugaenko DI, Volkov AA, Livantsov MV, Yurovskaya MA, Karchava AV. Catalyst-Free Arylation of Tertiary Phosphines with Diaryliodonium Salts Enabled by Visible Light. Chemistry 2019; 25:12502-12506. [PMID: 31339601 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The visible-light-induced arylation of tertiary phosphines with aryl(mesityl)iodonium triflates to produce the quaternary phosphonium salts occurs under mild, metal, and catalyst-free conditions. Photo-excited EDA complexes between diaryliodonium salts and phosphines supposedly enable this transformation, which is difficult to achieve through the traditional ground-state reactions. Demonstrating high functional group tolerance, broad scope, and complete selectivity of the aryl group transfer, the method is particularly compatible with sterically congested phosphines, which are challenging under metal-based catalytic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Bugaenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Volkov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Livantsov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A Yurovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Karchava
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Koseki D, Aoto E, Shoji T, Watanabe K, In Y, Kita Y, Dohi T. Efficient N-arylation of azole compounds utilizing selective aryl-transfer TMP-iodonium(III) reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Karton-Lifshin N, Katalan S, Columbus I, Chen R, Yehezkel L, Madmon M, Dagan S, Elias S, Fridkin G, Zafrani Y. Effective neutralization of chemical warfare agents (HD, VX) by Me-DABCOF: a small molecule with dual action. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12471-12474. [PMID: 31566634 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Me-DABCOF, a mild universal, non-corrosive, water-soluble decontamination agent that effectively neutralizes chemical warfare agents (HD, VX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Karton-Lifshin
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- Pharmacology
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Analytical Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Shai Dagan
- Analytical Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
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27
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Fu Y, Xu Q, Li Q, Li M, Shi C, Du Z. Sulfonylation of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Charge-Transfer Complex Triggered C-N Bond Cleavage. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:127-131. [PMID: 30723657 PMCID: PMC6350051 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel charge-transfer complex triggered sulfonylation of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with mild reaction conditions has been developed. The formation of a charge-transfer complex between electron-withdrawing (hetero)aryl sulfonyl chloride and DABCO allows the synthesis of N-ethylated piperazine sulfonamide in good yields. The reaction has a high functional group tolerance. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the charge-transfer complex formation between sulfonyl chlorides and DABCO, which facilitates the C-N bond cleavage of DABCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University LanzhouGansu730070China
| | - Qin‐Shan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University LanzhouGansu730070China
| | - Quan‐Zhou Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University LanzhouGansu730070China
| | - Ming‐Peng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University LanzhouGansu730070China
| | - Chun‐Zhao Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University LanzhouGansu730070China
| | - Zhengyin Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University LanzhouGansu730070China
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28
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Halimehjani AZ, Badali E. DABCO bond cleavage for the synthesis of piperazine derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36386-36409. [PMID: 35540608 PMCID: PMC9075132 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) in the synthesis of piperazine derivatives including biologically active compounds via C–N bond cleavage are investigated in this review. Different reagents such as alkyl halides, aryl(heteroary) halides, carboxylic acids, diaryliodonium salts, tosyl halides, activated alkynes, benzynes etc. were applied for the preparation of the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts of DABCO, which are very good electrophiles for various nucleophiles such as phenols, thiophenols, thiols, alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic amines, sulfinates, phthalimide, indoles, NaN3, triazole and terazoles, NaCN, enols and enolates, halides, carboxylic acid salts etc. Besides preactivated DABCO salts, the in situ activation of DABCO in multicomponent reactions is also an efficient tactic in synthetic organic chemistry for the diversity oriented synthesis of drug-like piperazine derivatives. The applications of DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) in the synthesis of piperazine derivatives including biologically active compounds via C–N bond cleavage are investigated in this review.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Badali
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Kharazmi University
- Tehran
- Iran
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