1
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Samuel Rajan IAP, Rajendran S. DABCO-catalyzed esterification of N-pivaloyl-activated amides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5170-5180. [PMID: 38864233 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A previously elusive organocatalytic protocol for the esterification of amides is disclosed. DABCO (10 mol%) is identified as an effective catalyst for the esterification of N-pivaloyl amides. Although N-pivaloyl amides are nearly planar (amide bond twist (τ) = 4.54° and pyramidalization (χN = 6.39°)) and resonance stabilized, esterification is achieved with high efficiency. The developed protocol is generic, phenols, thiophenols, aliphatic alcohols, and thiols were identified as effective substrates. Furthermore, the reaction features a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. To exemplify the practical applicability of the developed protocol, the esterification of bioactive natural products, pterostilbene and menthol, is demonstrated. In addition, a series of competitive experiments were conducted to establish the reactivity pattern of alcohols, thiols, and phenols, which could serve as selectivity principles for future synthetic design. Our findings signify a notable advancement in utilizing amides as versatile synthetic building blocks in organic synthesis under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Angel Priya Samuel Rajan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanakumar Rajendran
- Dept. of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Qin H, Han Z, Bonku EM, Sun H, Odilov A, Zhu F, Abduahadi S, Zhu W, Shen J, Aisa HA. Direct esterification of amides by the dimethylsulfate-mediated activation of amide C-N bonds. Commun Chem 2024; 7:93. [PMID: 38678046 PMCID: PMC11055851 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Amides are important intermediates in organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry, but their low reactivity requires catalysts and/or severe reaction conditions for esterification. Here, a novel approach was devised to convert amides into esters without the use of transition metals. The method effectively overcomes the inherent low reactivity of amides by employing dimethylsulfate-mediated reaction to activate the C-N bonds. To confirm the proposed reaction mechanism, control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted. The method demonstrates a wide array of substrates, including amides with typical H/alkyl/aryl substitutions, N,N-disubstituted amides, amides derived from alkyl, aryl, or vinyl carboxylic acids, and even amino acid substrates with stereocentres. Furthermore, we have shown the effectiveness of dimethylsulfate in removing acyl protective groups in amino derivatives. This study presents a method that offers efficiency and cost-effectiveness in broadening the esterification capabilities of amides, thereby facilitating their increased utilization as synthetic compounds in diverse transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zijian Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Emmanuel Mintah Bonku
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haiguo Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Abdullajon Odilov
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Zhu
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China
| | - Safomuddin Abduahadi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jingshan Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Haji A Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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3
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Kuo CH, Hsieh WT, Yang YH, Hwang TL, Cheng YS, Lin YA. Cesium Carbonate Promoted Direct Amidation of Unactivated Esters with Amino Alcohol Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4958-4970. [PMID: 38523317 PMCID: PMC11002823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Cesium carbonate promoted direct amidation of unactivated esters with amino alcohols was developed without the use of transition-metal catalysts and coupling reagents. This method enabled the synthesis of several serine-containing oligopeptides and benzamide derivatives with yields up to 90%. The methodology proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits no racemization for most naturally occurring amino acid substrates. The reaction demonstrates good compatibility with primary alkyl and benzyl esters and broad tolerance for a range of amino acid substrates with nonpolar and protected side chains. The hydroxy group on the amine nucleophile was found to be critical for the reaction to be successful. A likely mechanism involving cesium coordination to the substrates enabling the subsequent proximity-driven acyl transfer was proposed. The practicality of this approach was demonstrated in the preparation of a biologically active nicotinamide derivative in a reasonable yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsai Hsieh
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsu Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Li Hwang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuya A. Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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4
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Liu F, Sohail A, Ablajan K. Metal-Free Oxidative Formation of Aryl Esters by Catalytic Coupling of Acyl and Sulfonyl Chlorides with Arylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:27-33. [PMID: 38096383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A practical and efficient synthesis of aryl esters was developed through metal-free oxidation. This reaction employs stable and readily available acyl or sulfonyl chlorides and arylboronic acids as the starting materials and proceeds under mild reaction conditions without additional precious metal catalysts. This new strategy exhibits broad substrate tolerance and operational simplicity and gives diverse aryl esters in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Akbar Sohail
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Keyume Ablajan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
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5
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Zhu X, Wan K, Zhang J, Zhao H, He Y, Ma Y, Yang X, Szostak M. Esterification of Thioamides via Selective N-C(S) Cleavage under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:6149-6154. [PMID: 37578346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an exceedingly mild method for the direct, transition-metal-free esterification of thioamides through the selective generation of tetrahedral intermediates. The method represents the first transition-metal-free approach to the thioamide to thionoester transformation in organic synthesis. This reactivity has been accomplished through N,N-Boc2-thioamides that engage in ground-state destabilization of the nN → π*C═S conjugation. The ground-state destabilization of "single-atom" bioisosteric thioamides will expand the arsenal of valuable amide bond functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Kerou Wan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Technology, Kaili Catalyst & New Materials Company, Ltf., Xi'an 710299, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiufang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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6
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Nishikawa Y, Mori D, Toyoda M, Amano Y, Hosoi M, Ando M, Hara O. Chelating Picolinaldehyde Hydrazone Amides as Protecting Groups for Carboxylic Acids: Orthogonal Reactivities of Hydrazone Amides and Esters in Hydrolysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:895-900. [PMID: 36511633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a chelating hydrazone amide as a protecting group for carboxylic acids. Unlike most esters, 2-picolinaldehyde hydrazone amides are stable under acidic or basic hydrolytic conditions. However, hydrazone amides can be easily converted to the corresponding carboxylic acids via Ni-mediated hydrolysis. Orthogonal reactivities of the hydrazone amides and representative protecting groups were verified by control experiments and peptide synthesis, demonstrating that chelating hydrazone amides are highly useful protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Daiki Mori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Mayuko Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yukiho Amano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Midori Hosoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Momoka Ando
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Osamu Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
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7
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Liu C, Szostak M. Amide N-C Bond Activation: A Graphical Overview of Acyl and Decarbonylative Coupling. SYNOPEN 2023; 7:88-101. [PMID: 38037650 PMCID: PMC10686541 DOI: 10.1055/a-2035-6733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides an overview of amide bond activation achieved by selective oxidative addition of the N-C(O) acyl bond to transition metals and nucleophilic acyl addition, resulting in acyl and decarbonylative coupling together with key mechanistic details pertaining to amide bond distortion underlying this reactivity manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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8
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Luo T, Xu TT, Guo YF, Dong H. SnCl 4 Promoted Efficient Cleavage of Acetal/Ketal Groups with the Assistance of Water in CH 2Cl 2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238258. [PMID: 36500346 PMCID: PMC9736348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetalization and deacetalation are a pair of routine manipulations to protect and deprotect the 4- and 6-hydroxyl groups of glycosides in the synthesis of glycosyl building blocks. In this study, we found that treatment of SnCl4 with various carbohydrates containing acetal/ketal groups with the assistance of water in CH2Cl2 led to deacetalization/deketalization products in almost quantitative yields. In addition, for substrates containing both acetal/ketal and p-methoxylbenzyl groups, we also found that the p-methoxylbenzyl group was selectively cleaved by the use of a catalytic amount of SnCl4, while the acetal/ketal groups remained. Furthermore, based on this, 4,6-benzylidene glycosides can be conveniently converted to 4,6-OAc or 4-OH, 6-OAc glycosides.
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9
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Huang B, Zhang X, Guo Y, Tie S, Yang D, Li Y. A One‐Pot Three‐Step Strategy Enables Robust and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Benzoxazoles from Amides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bomao Huang
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlan Zhang
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Tie
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqiao Yang
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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10
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Singh S, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using N‐Cbz amides as an acyl source under transition metal‐free conditions at room temperature. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry INDIA
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Chemistry Varanasi 221005 Varanasi INDIA
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11
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Li G, Zhu X, Shang L, He Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Szostak M. Transamidation of thioamides with nucleophilic amines: thioamide N-C(S) activation by ground-state-destabilization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5981-5988. [PMID: 35441645 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00412g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thioamides are 'single-atom' isosteres of amide bonds that have found broad applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry and drug discovery. In this New Talent themed issue, we present a general strategy for activation of N-C(S) thioamide bonds by ground-state-destabilization. This concept is outlined in the context of a full study on transamidation of thioamides with nucleophilic amines, and relies on (1) site-selective N-activation of the thioamide bond to decrease resonance and (2) highly chemoselective nucleophilic acyl addition to the thioamide CS bond. The follow-up collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate is favored by the electronic properties of the amine leaving group. The ground-state-destabilization concept of thioamides enables weakening of the N-C(S) bond and rationally modifies the properties of valuable thioamide isosteres for the development of new methods in organic synthesis. We fully expect that in analogy to the burgeoning field of destabilized amides introduced by our group in 2015, the thioamide bond ground-state-destabilization activation concept will find broad applications in various facets of chemical science, including metal-free, metal-catalyzed and metal-promoted reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Xinhao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Linqin Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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12
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Park MS, Lee S. Transition-metal-catalyst-free reaction of amides and acetonitriles: synthesis of β-ketonitriles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first example of the coupling reaction between amide and acetonitrile for the synthesis of β-ketonitriles was developed. Various amides provide the corresponding β-ketonitriles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Seong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Wang F, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Zhu Y. An Approach to the Synthesis of Electron-Rich and Hindered Esters and Its Application to the Synthesis of Acteoside. Org Lett 2021; 23:9210-9215. [PMID: 34779636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron-rich esters are ubiquitously distributed in natural products and play a central role in bioactivities. Herein, we disclose an efficient, mild, and general esterification approach to the synthesis of these esters by employing gold(I)-catalyzed acylation reaction with alkyne-tethered mixed anhydrides and alcohols. This method can be applied to ester-bond formation in complex substrates and facilitates efficient synthesis of acteoside, which belongs to the family of phenylethanoid glycosides and possesses a broad range of bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Fuye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Zhengbing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yugen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
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14
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Rahman MM, Szostak M. Synthesis of Sulfoxonium Ylides from Amides by Selective N-C(O) Activation. Org Lett 2021; 23:4818-4822. [PMID: 34096314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of sulfoxonium ylides from amides by selective N-C(O) cleavage is presented. The reaction proceeds through the nucleophilic addition of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to the amide bond in acyclic twisted amides under exceedingly mild room temperature conditions. A variety of amides can be employed, and the protocol can be applied to the late-stage derivatization of pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic studies outline the relative order of reactivity of amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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15
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Wang T, Wang Y, Xu K, Zhang Y, Guo J, Liu L. Transition‐Metal‐Free DMAP‐Mediated Aromatic Esterification of Amides with Organoboronic Acids. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Jiarui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
| | - Lantao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu Henan 476000 China
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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16
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Li G, Szostak M. Synthesis of biaryl ketones by arylation of Weinreb amides with functionalized Grignard reagents under thermodynamic control vs. kinetic control of N,N-Boc 2-amides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3827-3831. [PMID: 32396595 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00813c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient method for chemoselective synthesis of biaryl ketones by arylation of Weinreb amides (N-methoxy-N-methylamides) with functionalized Grignard reagents is reported. This protocol offers rapid entry to functionalized biaryl ketones after Mg/halide exchange with i-PrMgCl·LiCl under operationally-simple and practical reaction conditions. The scope of the method is highlighted in >40 examples, including bioactive compounds and pharmaceutical derivatives. Collectively, this transition-metal-free approach offers a major advantage over the recently established cross-coupling of amides by oxidative addition of N-C(O) bonds. Considering the utility of amide acylation reactions in modern synthesis, we expect that this method will be of broad interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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17
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Shi Y, Liu X, Cao H, Bie F, Han Y, Yan P, Szostak R, Szostak M, Liu C. Conversion of esters to thioesters under mild conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2991-2996. [PMID: 33734267 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report conversion of esters to thioesters via selective C-O bond cleavage/weak C-S bond formation under transition-metal-free conditions. The method is notable for a general and practical transition-metal-free system, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The strategy was successfully deployed in late-stage thioesterification, site-selective cross-coupling/thioesterification/decarbonylation and easy-to-handle gram scale thioesterification. Selectivity and computational studies were performed to gain insight into the formation of weak C-S bonds by C-O bond cleavage, which contrasts with the traditional trend of nucleophilic additions to carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Shi
- Shandong Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China.
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18
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Chen J, Joseph D, Xia Y, Lee S. Amide/Ester Cross-Coupling via C–N/C–H Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of β-Ketoesters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5943-5953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Devaneyan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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19
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Huang C, Li J, Wang J, Zheng Q, Li Z, Tu T. Hydrogen-bond-assisted transition-metal-free catalytic transformation of amides to esters. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Wang Z, Matsumoto A, Maruoka K. Efficient cleavage of tertiary amide bonds via radical-polar crossover using a copper(ii) bromide/Selectfluor hybrid system. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12323-12328. [PMID: 34094440 PMCID: PMC8163011 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05137c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for the efficient cleavage of the amide bonds in tertiary amides is reported. Based on the selective radical abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen atom by a CuBr2/Selectfluor hybrid system followed by a selective cleavage of an N-C bond, an acyl fluoride intermediate is formed. This intermediate may then be derivatized in a one-pot fashion. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope with respect to the tertiary amide moiety as well as to nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon nucleophiles for the subsequent derivatization. Mechanistic studies suggest that the present reaction proceeds via a radical-polar crossover process that involves benzylic carbon radicals generated by the selective radical abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen atom by the CuBr2/Selectfluor hybrid system. Furthermore, a synthetic application of this method for the selective cleavage of peptides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
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21
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Idris MA, Lee S. Palladium-Catalyzed Amide N–C Hiyama Cross-Coupling: Synthesis of Ketones. Org Lett 2020; 22:9190-9195. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aliyu Idris
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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22
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Ding H, Qi WY, Zhen JS, Ding Q, Luo Y. Visible light-mediated transition metal-free esterification of amides with boronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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24
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Hirai T, Kato D, Mai BK, Katayama S, Akiyama S, Nagae H, Himo F, Mashima K. Esterification of Tertiary Amides: Remarkable Additive Effects of Potassium Alkoxides for Generating Hetero Manganese-Potassium Dinuclear Active Species. Chemistry 2020; 26:10735-10742. [PMID: 32346933 PMCID: PMC7496701 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst system of mononuclear manganese precursor 3 combined with potassium alkoxide served as a superior catalyst compared with our previously reported manganese homodinuclear catalyst 2 a for esterification of not only tertiary aryl amides, but also tertiary aliphatic amides. On the basis of stoichiometric reactions of 3 and potassium alkoxide salt, kinetic studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we clarified a plausible reaction mechanism in which in situ generated manganese-potassium heterodinuclear species cooperatively activates the carbonyl moiety of the amide and the OH moiety of the alcohols. We also revealed details of the reaction mechanism of our previous manganese homodinuclear system 2 a, and we found that the activation free energy (ΔG≠ ) for the manganese-potassium heterodinuclear complex catalyzed esterification of amides is lower than that for the manganese homodinuclear system, which was consistent with the experimental results. We further applied our catalyst system to deprotect the acetyl moiety of primary and secondary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirai
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySE-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Shoichiro Katayama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Shoko Akiyama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySE-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
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25
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Shi W, Sun G, Zou G. Ball-milling enables highly selective solvent-free N-tert-butoxycarbonylation for activation of amides. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Chen J, Xia Y, Lee S. Coupling of amides with ketones via C–N/C–H bond cleavage: a mild synthesis of 1,3-diketones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amides react with enolizable ketones to give 1,3-diketones via C–N cleavage of amides and deprotonation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju
- Republic of Korea
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju
- Republic of Korea
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27
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Li S, Jie K, Yan W, Pan Q, Zhang M, Wang Y, Fu Z, Guo S, Cai H. Selective C–C bond cleavage of amides fused to 8-aminoquinoline controlled by a catalyst and an oxidant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13820-13823. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04960c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, copper-catalyzed direct C–C bond cleavage of amides fused to 8-aminoquinoline as a directing group to form urea in the presence of amines and dioxygen is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Jie
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengjiang Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
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28
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Li G, Szostak M. Transition-Metal-Free Activation of Amides by N-C Bond Cleavage. CHEM REC 2019; 20:649-659. [PMID: 31833633 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amide bond N-C activation represents a powerful strategy in organic synthesis to functionalize the historically inert amide linkage. This personal account highlights recent remarkable advances in transition-metal-free activation of amides by N-C bond cleavage, focusing on both (1) mechanistic aspects of ground-state-destabilization of the amide bond enabling formation of tetrahedral intermediates directly from amides with unprecedented selectivity, and (2) synthetic utility of the developed transformations. Direct nucleophilic addition to amides enables a myriad of powerful methods for the formation of C-C, C-N, C-O and C-S bonds, providing a straightforward and more synthetically useful alternative to acyl-metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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