1
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Dey A, Chakraborty S, Singh A, Rahimi FA, Biswas S, Mandal T, Maji TK. Microwave Assisted Fast Synthesis of a Donor-Acceptor COF Towards Photooxidative Amidation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403093. [PMID: 38679566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) at bulk scale require robust, straightforward, and cost-effective techniques. However, the traditional solvothermal synthetic methods of COFs suffer low scalability as well as requirement of sensitive reaction environment and multiday reaction time (2-10 days) which greatly restricts their practical application. Here, we report microwave assisted rapid and optimized synthesis of a donor-acceptor (D-A) based highly crystalline COF, TzPm-COF in second (10 sec) to minute (10 min) time scale. With increasing the reaction time from seconds to minutes crystallinity, porosity and morphological changes are observed for TzPm-COF. Owing to visible range light absorption, suitable band alignment, and low exciton binding energy (Eb=64.6 meV), TzPm-COF can efficaciously produce superoxide radical anion (O2⋅-) after activating molecular oxygen (O2) which eventually drives aerobic photooxidative amidation reaction with high recyclability. This photocatalytic approach works well with a variety of substituted aromatic aldehydes having electron-withdrawing or donating groups and cyclic, acyclic, primary or secondary amines with moderate to high yield. Furthermore, catalytic mechanism was established by monitoring the real-time reaction progress through in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopic (DRIFTS) study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Dey
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Samiran Chakraborty
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Ashish Singh
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Faruk Ahamed Rahimi
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Sandip Biswas
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Tamagna Mandal
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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2
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Upreti GC, Singh T, Chaudhary D, Singh A. Cascade Cyclizations Triggered by Photochemically Generated Carbamoyl Radicals Derived from Alkyl Amines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11801-11808. [PMID: 37555769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a visible light-mediated cascade carbamoylation/cyclization of acrylamides using dihydropyridyl carbamoyl donors derived from alkyl amines. Diversely selected acrylamides including 2-cyano-N-arylacrylamides, indolyl- and benzimidazolyl acrylamides, and 2-alkynyl-N-aryl acrylamides participate in this reaction, providing products in good yields. The highlights of this photochemical method include the application of alkyl amine-derived carbamoyl donors, peroxide-free reaction conditions, and a broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divakar Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Wang R, Chen Y, Fei B, Hu J, Chen J, Luo Y, Xia Y. Condition-Controlled O-Acylation and N-O Bond Reduction of Hydroximic Acids with Thioacetic Acid. Org Lett 2023; 25:2970-2974. [PMID: 37087763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Condition-dependent transformations between hydroximic acids and thioacetic acid were achieved. Using NH4HCO3 in the ethanol solvent, efficient N-O bond cleavage of hydroxamic acids occurred to afford primary amides with high functional group compatibility. The reaction was switched to O-acylation when NEt3 and H2O were used as the base and solvent, respectively. These facile transformations could be scaled up to the gram level smoothly. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the N-O bond cleavage involves a cascade process of acylation/reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Binjie Fei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanshu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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4
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Singh PP, Singh J, Srivastava V. Visible-light acridinium-based organophotoredox catalysis in late-stage synthetic applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10958-10986. [PMID: 37033422 PMCID: PMC10077514 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01364b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of photoredox catalysis has been transformed by the use of organic photocatalysts, which give access to re-activities that were previously only possible with transition-metal photocatalysts. Recent advancements in the use of an acridinium photocatalyst in organic synthesis are covered in this review. Both the late-stage functionalization of biorelevant molecules and the activation of inert chemical bonds are explored, with an emphasis on their mechanistic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research Naini Prayagraj 211010 India
| | - Jaya Singh
- Department of Chemistry, LRPG College Sahibabad Gaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad Prayagraj 211002 Uttar Pradesh India
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5
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Singh T, Upreti GC, Arora S, Chauhan H, Singh A. Visible Light-Mediated Carbamoylation of para-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36792547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a photocatalytic approach for the installation of the amide moiety onto para-quinone methides. This transformation features a net reductive approach for the generation of carbamoyl radicals from amide-substituted Hantzsch ester derivatives under transition metal-free conditions. This protocol exhibits wide scope and allows access to diarylacetamides employing a C-C bond formation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India
| | | | - Shivani Arora
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India
| | | | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India.,Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India
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6
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A photo- and redox actives mesoporous 3D covalent organic framework enables highly efficient metal-free photoredox catalysis. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Jaiswal A, Preeti, Singh KN. A convenient synthesis of N-(hetero)arylamides by the oxidative coupling of methylheteroarenes with amines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6915-6922. [PMID: 35979753 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oxidative amidation of 2-methylpyridines/2-methylbenzimidazole with amines using copper acetate and elemental sulfur in DMSO to afford various N-(hetero)arylamides has been accomplished. Mechanistic studies reveal the intermediacy of N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline and confirm the role of DMSO as the oxygen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Preeti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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8
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Guo W, Liu Z, Wu F, Luo Y, Yao Z. [NN]‐Chelate nickel complexes with Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, structure and catalytic activity in green amidation reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhen‐Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Fanhong Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yu‐Zhou Luo
- Business School Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Zi‐Jian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
- Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
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9
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Kumari C, Goswami A. Ionic Liquid-Mediated One-Pot 3-Acylimino-3 H-1,2-dithiole Synthesis from Thiocarboxylic Acids and Alkynylnitriles via In Situ Generation of Disulfide Intermediates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8396-8405. [PMID: 35696105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical and straightforward strategy for the synthesis of 3-acylimino-3H-1,2-dithiol derivatives via a metal-free annulation reaction of alkynylnitriles with thiocarboxylic acids mediated by ionic liquids [BMIM]Br has been reported. This operationally simple protocol offers an easy and rapid access to a library of dithiol derivatives in moderate to good yields. The mechanistic studies show a benzoyldithio anion addition to alkynylnitriles followed by an annulation reaction through the involvement of a disulfide moiety as the key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandresh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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10
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Abedelnour E, Ognier S, Zhang M, Schio L, Venier O, Cossy J, Tatoulian M. Plasma flow chemistry for direct N-acylation of amines by esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7281-7284. [PMID: 35678143 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01940j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct N-acylation of amines by esters in a microreactor is described using argon plasma, thereby producing amides in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abedelnour
- Chimie Paristech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 - Paris, France. .,Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery - IDD France, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette - Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Stephanie Ognier
- Chimie Paristech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 - Paris, France.
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Chimie Paristech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 - Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Schio
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery - IDD France, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette - Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Olivier Venier
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery - IDD France, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette - Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 - Paris, France.
| | - Michael Tatoulian
- Chimie Paristech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 - Paris, France.
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11
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Magano J. Large-Scale Amidations in Process Chemistry: Practical Considerations for Reagent Selection and Reaction Execution. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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12
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Solution-processable microporous polymer platform for heterogenization of diverse photoredox catalysts. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2775. [PMID: 35624102 PMCID: PMC9142596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contemporary organic synthesis, substances that access strongly oxidizing and/or reducing states upon irradiation have been exploited to facilitate powerful and unprecedented transformations. However, the implementation of light-driven reactions in large-scale processes remains uncommon, limited by the lack of general technologies for the immobilization, separation, and reuse of these diverse catalysts. Here, we report a new class of photoactive organic polymers that combine the flexibility of small-molecule dyes with the operational advantages and recyclability of solid-phase catalysts. The solubility of these polymers in select non-polar organic solvents supports their facile processing into a wide range of heterogeneous modalities. The active sites, embedded within porous microstructures, display elevated reactivity, further enhanced by the mobility of excited states and charged species within the polymers. The independent tunability of the physical and photochemical properties of these materials affords a convenient, generalizable platform for the metamorphosis of modern photoredox catalysts into active heterogeneous equivalents. Heterogeneous photocatalysts are easily separable and recyclable, but homogeneous ones are precisely tunable. Here, the authors merge the benefits of these two catalyst types by incorporating diverse dyes into solution-processable, porous polymers.
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13
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Wang H, Li Y, Liu S, Makha M, Bai JF, Li Y. CO 2 -Promoted Direct Acylation of Amines and Phenols by the Activation of Inert Thioacid Salts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200227. [PMID: 35289483 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein a carbon dioxide-promoted synthetic approach for the direct amidation between unactivated thioacid salts and amines under mild conditions was developed for a wide range of substrates. The method afforded amides in good to excellent yields under transition-metal-free and activation-reagent-free conditions, in sharp contrast to early methodologies on amide synthesis based on transition-metal catalysis. The method offered a greener and transition metal-free protocol applicable to pharmaceuticals preparations. Phenolic compounds were also found to be suitable acylation substrates with potassium thiosulfide KHS as the only byproduct. Moreover, this approach was applied to amide synthesis of valuable bio-active molecules such as moclobemide, melatonin, and a fungicide. Insights into the reaction mechanism involving carbon dioxide were provided through NMR spectroscopy and computational calculations. A plausible mechanism was proposed that involves weak interactions between carbon dioxide and potassium thioacetate in a dynamic equilibrium state formation of a six-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Mohamed Makha
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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14
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Abstract
A metal-, base-, and additive-free N-acylation of sulfoximines was developed under mild conditions using organic photoredox catalyst. This green strategy featured broad substrate scope, good compatibility with air, and high yields (up to 96%). It could be further applied to amino acid modifications and α-keto N-acyl sulfoximine synthesis without any complicated transformations or operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xuelun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Wangze Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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15
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Recent advances of visible-light photocatalysis in the functionalization of organic compounds. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Kumar D, Maury SK, Kumari S, Kamal A, Singh HK, Singh S, Srivastava V. TBAI-catalyzed C–N bond formation through oxidative coupling of benzyl bromides with amines: a new avenue to the synthesis of amides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2029897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Maury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Savita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Arsala Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | | | - Sundaram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vandana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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17
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Lu B, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Recent Advances in Visible-Light-Mediated Amide Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:517. [PMID: 35056829 PMCID: PMC8781888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has attracted tremendous interest within the synthetic community. As such, the activation mode potentially provides a more sustainable and efficient platform for the activation of organic molecules, enabling the invention of many controlled radical-involved reactions under mild conditions. In this context, amide synthesis via the strategy of photoredox catalysis has received growing interest due to the ubiquitous presence of this structural motif in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals and functionalized materials. Employing this strategy, a wide variety of amides can be prepared effectively from halides, arenes and even alkanes under irradiation of visible light. These methods provide a robust alternative to well-established strategies for amide synthesis that involve condensation between a carboxylic acid and amine mediated by a stoichiometric activating agent. In this review, the representative progresses made on the synthesis of amides through visible light-mediated radical reactions are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
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19
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Lian P, Li R, Wan X, Xiang Z, Liu H, Cao Z, Wan X. Acetylation of alcohols and amines under visible light irradiation: diacetyl as an acylation reagent and photosensitizer. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented strategy for the acetylation of alcohols and amines using diacetyl as both an acylation reagent and a photosensitizer was well developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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20
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SINGH JITENDER, Sharma A. Green and Sustainable Visible Light-Mediated Formation of Amide Bonds: An Emerging Niche in Organic Chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02406c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amide bond is one of the most fascinating functional groups in nature due to its stability, conformational diversity, high bond polarity, and abundance in numerous natural products and drug candidates,...
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21
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Han Q, Xu K, Tian F, Huang S, Zeng C. A Practical Transamidation Strategy for the N-Deacylation of Amides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Wan C, Feng Y, Hou Z, Lian C, Zhang L, An Y, Sun J, Yang D, Jiang C, Yin F, Wang R, Li Z. Electrophilic Sulfonium-Promoted Peptide and Protein Amidation in Aqueous Media. Org Lett 2021; 24:581-586. [PMID: 34968069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel amidation strategy using electrophilic sulfonium, which is soluble and stable in aqueous conditions, was developed. The sulfoniums could activate thioacid and carboxyl acid to efficiently react with amines to afford amides. This method enables applications in amidation in both aqueous media and solid-phase peptide synthesis, peptide/protein modifications, and reactive lysines of a proteome at pH 10 with activity-based protein profiling. A peptide ligand-directed labeling of the USP7-UBL2 domain was also performed using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Chenshan Lian
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhao An
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Chenran Jiang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
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23
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Su J, Mo J, Chen X, Umanzor A, Zhang Z, Houk KN, Zhao J. Generation of Oxyphosphonium Ions by Photoredox/Cobaloxime Catalysis for Scalable Amide and Peptide Synthesis in Batch and Continuous‐Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Su
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Nan Mo
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Alexander Umanzor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
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24
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Su J, Mo JN, Chen X, Umanzor A, Zhang Z, Houk KN, Zhao J. Generation of Oxyphosphonium Ions by Photoredox/Cobaloxime Catalysis for Scalable Amide and Peptide Synthesis in Batch and Continuous-Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112668. [PMID: 34783121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine-mediated deoxygenative nucleophilic substitutions, such as the Mitsunobu reaction, are of great importance in organic synthesis. However, the conventional protocols require stoichiometric oxidants to trigger the formation of the oxyphosphonium intermediates for the subsequent nucleophilic additions. Through dual catalysis of photoredox and cobaloxime, we realized a radical strategy for the catalytic formation of acyloxyphosphonium ions that enables direct amidation. The deoxygenative protocol exhibits a broad scope and has been used in the late-stage amidation of drug molecules. In addition to batch reactions, a continuous-flow reactor was developed, enabling rapid peptide synthesis on gram scale. The successful assembly of a tetrapeptide on the solid support further demonstrated the versatility of this photocatalytic system. Moreover, experimental and computational studies are consistent with the hypothesis of acyloxyphosphonium ions being formed as the key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Su
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Mo
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Umanzor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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25
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Cleavage via Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Lignin or Lignin Model Compounds into Functional Chemicals. CHEMENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering5040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer with different types of methoxylated phenylpropanoid connections, enables the sustainable supply of value-added chemicals and biofuels through its use as a feedstock. Despite the development of numerous methodologies that upgrade lignin to high-value chemicals such as drugs and organic synthesis intermediates, the variety of valuable products obtained from lignin is still very limited, mainly delivering hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Using selective oxidation and activation cleavage of lignin, we can obtain value-added aromatics, including phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid. However, biorefineries will demand a broad spectrum of fine chemicals in the future, not just simple chemicals like aldehydes and ketones containing simple C = O groups. In particular, most n-containing aromatics, which have found important applications in materials science, agro-chemistry, and medicinal chemistry, such as amide, aniline, and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, are obtained through n-containing reagents mediating the oxidation cleavage in lignin. This tutorial review provides updates on recent advances in different classes of chemicals from the catalytic oxidation system in lignin depolymerization, which also introduces those functionalized products through a conventional synthesis method. A comparison with traditional synthetic strategies reveals the feasibility of the lignin model and real lignin utilization. Promising applications of functionalized compounds in synthetic transformation, drugs, dyes, and textiles are also discussed.
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26
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Sivaraj C, Gandhi T. Alternative and Uncommon Acylating Agents - An Alive and Kicking Methodology. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2773-2794. [PMID: 34331736 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Functionalizing and derivatising organic molecules is a centerpiece in organic synthesis. Succinctly manipulating and installing acyl moieties in organic molecules spurred the interest of chemists owing to its occurrence in natural products, bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Traditionally, access to acylation reaction was achieved by Friedel-Crafts reaction, Schotten-Baumann, and Vilsmeier-Haack acylation, however, these protocols own pitfalls. Further to make the acylation process attractive and environmentally friendly, toluene, aldehydes, alcohols, α-keto acids, amines, amides, esters, ethers, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes, ketenes, N-acylbenzotriazoles, ketones, thioacids, oximes, thiazolium carbinols, PIDA, diacyl disulfides and acyl salts were used as an acyl surrogates/reagents. Amusingly, these acylating reagents are considered uncommon and alternative to carboxylic acids, acid chlorides and acetic anhydrides. This short review aims to encompass the usage of acylating agents in transition-metal, metal-free, light-driven and other demanding conditions, and thus reveals their practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Sivaraj
- Chandrasekaran Sivaraj and Thirumanavelan Gandhi, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Chandrasekaran Sivaraj and Thirumanavelan Gandhi, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, and Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, and Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hengrui Cai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, and Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Gong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, and Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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28
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Matsuo BT, Oliveira PHR, Correia JTM, Paixão MW. Carbamoylation of Azomethine Imines via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6775-6779. [PMID: 34428073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A versatile and robust photocatalytic methodology to install the amide functional group into azomethine imine ions is described. This protocol is distinguished by its broad scope and mild reaction conditions, which are well suited for the preparation of structurally complex compounds in the form of amino acids, peptides, and small drug-like molecules. Moreover, the generated pyrazolidinone core could be easily converted into β-alanine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca T Matsuo
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Washington Luís Highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Pedro H R Oliveira
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Washington Luís Highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - José Tiago M Correia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Washington Luís Highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Washington Luís Highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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29
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Hassan Tolba A, Krupička M, Chudoba J, Cibulka R. Amide Bond Formation via Aerobic Photooxidative Coupling of Aldehydes with Amines Catalyzed by a Riboflavin Derivative. Org Lett 2021; 23:6825-6830. [PMID: 34424722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report an effective, operationally simple, and environmentally friendly system for the synthesis of tertiary amides by the oxidative coupling of aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes with amines mediated by riboflavin tetraacetate (RFTA), an inexpensive organic photocatalyst, and visible light using oxygen as the sole oxidant. The method is based on the oxidative power of an excited flavin catalyst and the relatively low oxidation potential of the hemiaminal formed by amine to aldehyde addition.
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30
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Xu Z, Yang T, Tang N, Ou Y, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. UV-Light-Induced N-Acylation of Amines with α-Diketones. Org Lett 2021; 23:5329-5333. [PMID: 34181430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a mild method for N-acylation of primary and secondary amines with α-diketones induced by ultraviolet (UV) light. Forty-six examples with various functional groups are explored at room temperature with irradiation by three 26 W UV lamps (350-380 nm). The yield reaches 97%. The gram scale experiment product yield is 76%. Moreover, this system can be applied to the synthesis of several amino acid derivatives. Mechanistic studies show that benzoin is generated in situ from benzil under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Niu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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31
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Mishra AK, Parvari G, Santra SK, Bazylevich A, Dorfman O, Rahamim J, Eichen Y, Szpilman AM. Solar and Visible Light Assisted Peptide Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12406-12412. [PMID: 33621382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid and peptide couplings are widely used in fields related to pharma and materials. Still, current peptide synthesis continues to rely on the use of expensive, water sensitive, and waste-generating coupling reagents, which are often prepared in multi-step sequences and used in excess. Herein is described a peptide coupling reaction design that relies mechanistically on sun-light activation of a 4-dimethylamino-pyridine-alkyl halide charge-transfer complex to generate a novel coupling reagent in situ. The resulting coupling method is rapid, does not require dry solvents or inert atmosphere, and is compatible with all the most common amino acids and protecting groups. Peptide couplings can be run on gram-scale, without the use of special equipment. This method has a significantly reduced environmental and financial footprint compared to standard peptide coupling reactions. Experimental and computational studies support the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel.,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sourav K Santra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Andrii Bazylevich
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ortal Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Jonatan Rahamim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex M Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
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32
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Mishra AK, Parvari G, Santra SK, Bazylevich A, Dorfman O, Rahamim J, Eichen Y, Szpilman AM. Solar and Visible Light Assisted Peptide Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya K. Mishra
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200008 Haifa Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200008 Haifa Israel
| | - Sourav K. Santra
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Andrii Bazylevich
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Ortal Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Jonatan Rahamim
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200008 Haifa Israel
| | - Alex M. Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
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33
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Fu Z, Wang X, Tao S, Bu Q, Wei D, Liu N. Manganese Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Esters with Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2339-2358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Wen J, Zhang Z, Stavropoulos P, Li Y, Ai L, Zhang J. Discrimination of enantiomers of amides with two stereogenic centers enabled by chiral bisthiourea derivatives using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6697-6706. [PMID: 34296731 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers of a few new amides containing two stereogenic centers have been derived from d- and l-α-amino acids as guests for chiral recognition by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A variety of chiral amides with two or more stereogenic centers often exist in the products of catalytic asymmetric synthesis, natural products or their total synthetic products, and chiral drugs. It would be a challenging and meaningful work to explore their chiral recognition. For this purpose, a class of novel chiral bisthiourea derivatives 1-9 has been synthesized from (1S,2S)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, d-α-amino acids, and isothiocyanates as chiral solvating agents (CSAs). CSAs 1-9 proved to afford better chiral discriminating results towards most amides with two stereogenic centers, which have been rarely studied as chiral substrates by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In particular, CSAs 7, 8 and 9, featuring 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene residues, exhibit outstanding chiral discriminating capabilities towards all amides, providing well-separated 1H NMR signals and sufficiently large nonequivalent chemical shifts. To test their practical application in the determination of enantiomeric excess, 1H NMR spectra of chiral amides (G16) with different optical purities were measured in the presence of CSAs 7 and 8, respectively. Their ee values (up to 90%) were accurately calculated by the integration of the NH proton of the CONHPh group of G16. To better understand the chiral discriminating behavior, Job plots of (±)-G16 with CSA 7 and (±)-G17 with CSA 8 and the association constants (Ka) of (S,R)-G16 and (R,S)-G16 with CSA 7 were evaluated, respectively. In order to further reveal any underlying intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, theoretical calculations of the enantiomers of (S,R)-G16 and (R,S)-G16 with CSA 7 were performed by means of the hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) with the standard basis sets of 3-21G of the Gaussian 03 program, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanbin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Ai
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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35
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Gao J, Feng J, Du D. Shining Light on C−S Bonds: Recent Advances in C−C Bond Formation Reactions via C−S Bond Cleavage under Photoredox Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3637-3659. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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36
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3,6-Di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (pytz) catalysed metal-free amide bond formation from thioacids and amines at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Nandi J, Vaughan MZ, Sandoval AL, Paolillo JM, Leadbeater NE. Oxidative Amidation of Amines in Tandem with Transamidation: A Route to Amides Using Visible-Light Energy. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9219-9229. [PMID: 32539393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A methodology is reported for preparing amides using amines as an acyl source. The protocol involves the visible-light-promoted oxidative amidation of amines with pyrazole to synthesize N-acyl pyrazoles followed by transamidation. By combining photoredox catalysis with oxoammonium cations in the presence of sodium persulfate as a terminal oxidant, the N-acyl pyrazoles could be prepared efficiently and effectively using blue LEDs. The transamidation step was performed without the need to purify the N-acyl pyrazole intermediate, and a range of amides were generated in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Matthew Z Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Arturo León Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Joshua M Paolillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nicholas E Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Ibrahim TS, Seliem IA, Panda SS, Al-Mahmoudy AMM, Abdel-Samii ZKM, Alhakamy NA, Asfour HZ, Elagawany M. An Efficient Greener Approach for N-Acylation of Amines in Water Using Benzotriazole Chemistry. Molecules 2020; 25:E2501. [PMID: 32481504 PMCID: PMC7321353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A straightforward, mild and cost-efficient synthesis of various arylamides in water was accomplished using versatile benzotriazole chemistry. Acylation of various amines was achieved in water at room temperature as well as under microwave irradiation. The developed protocol unfolds the synthesis of amino acid aryl amides, drug conjugates and benzimidazoles. The environmentally friendly synthesis, short reaction time, simple workup, high yields, mild conditions and free of racemization are the key advantages of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (I.A.S.); (A.M.M.A.-M.); (Z.K.M.A.-S.)
| | - Israa A. Seliem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (I.A.S.); (A.M.M.A.-M.); (Z.K.M.A.-S.)
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Amany M. M. Al-Mahmoudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (I.A.S.); (A.M.M.A.-M.); (Z.K.M.A.-S.)
| | - Zakaria K. M. Abdel-Samii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (I.A.S.); (A.M.M.A.-M.); (Z.K.M.A.-S.)
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, faculty of pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
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Zelenka J, Roithová J. Mechanistic Investigation of Photochemical Reactions by Mass Spectrometry. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2232-2240. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zelenka
- Department of Spectroscopy and CatalysisInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen (The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and CatalysisInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen (The Netherlands
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40
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Xia ZH, Dai L, Gao ZH, Ye S. N-Heterocyclic carbene/photo-cocatalyzed oxidative Smiles rearrangement: synthesis of aryl salicylates from O-aryl salicylaldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1525-1528. [PMID: 31922178 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene/photo-cocatalyzed oxidative Smiles rearrangement of O-aryl salicylaldehydes was developed. Both electron-deficient and electron-rich aryls worked well as migrating groups, giving the corresponding aryl salicylates in good yields. This reaction features formation of two new C-O bonds and one C-O bond cleavage via metal-free oxidation of the Breslow intermediate using oxygen as the terminal oxidant and following the Smiles rearrangement under photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Vodnala N, Gujjarappa R, Polina S, Satheesh V, Kaldhi D, Kabi AK, Malakar CC. An organocatalytic C–C bond cleavage approach: a metal-free and peroxide-free facile method for the synthesis of amide derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04158k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalyzed C–C bond cleavage approach has been envisioned towards the synthesis of amide derivatives from their corresponding amines and 1,3-dicarbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal – 795004
- India
| | - Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal – 795004
- India
| | - Saibabu Polina
- Department of Chemistry
- CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
- Bangalore – 560029
- India
| | - Vanaparthi Satheesh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa – 3200003
- Israel
| | - Dhananjaya Kaldhi
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal – 795004
- India
| | - Arup K. Kabi
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal – 795004
- India
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal – 795004
- India
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