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Greenhalgh T, MacIntyre CR, Baker MG, Bhattacharjee S, Chughtai AA, Fisman D, Kunasekaran M, Kvalsvig A, Lupton D, Oliver M, Tawfiq E, Ungrin M, Vipond J. Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0012423. [PMID: 38775460 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00124-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThis narrative review and meta-analysis summarizes a broad evidence base on the benefits-and also the practicalities, disbenefits, harms and personal, sociocultural and environmental impacts-of masks and masking. Our synthesis of evidence from over 100 published reviews and selected primary studies, including re-analyzing contested meta-analyses of key clinical trials, produced seven key findings. First, there is strong and consistent evidence for airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory pathogens. Second, masks are, if correctly and consistently worn, effective in reducing transmission of respiratory diseases and show a dose-response effect. Third, respirators are significantly more effective than medical or cloth masks. Fourth, mask mandates are, overall, effective in reducing community transmission of respiratory pathogens. Fifth, masks are important sociocultural symbols; non-adherence to masking is sometimes linked to political and ideological beliefs and to widely circulated mis- or disinformation. Sixth, while there is much evidence that masks are not generally harmful to the general population, masking may be relatively contraindicated in individuals with certain medical conditions, who may require exemption. Furthermore, certain groups (notably D/deaf people) are disadvantaged when others are masked. Finally, there are risks to the environment from single-use masks and respirators. We propose an agenda for future research, including improved characterization of the situations in which masking should be recommended or mandated; attention to comfort and acceptability; generalized and disability-focused communication support in settings where masks are worn; and development and testing of novel materials and designs for improved filtration, breathability, and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Raina MacIntyre
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael G Baker
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shovon Bhattacharjee
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abrar A Chughtai
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Fisman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohana Kunasekaran
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda Kvalsvig
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Lupton
- Centre for Social Research in Health and Social Policy Research Centre, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matt Oliver
- Professional Standards Advocate, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Essa Tawfiq
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joe Vipond
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Luo T, Farooq A, Weng W, Lu S, Luo G, Zhang H, Li J, Zhou X, Wu X, Huang L, Chen L, Wu H. Progress in the Preparation and Application of Breathable Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1686. [PMID: 38932036 PMCID: PMC11207707 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breathable membranes with micropores enable the transfer of gas molecules while blocking liquids and solids, and have a wide range of applications in medical, industrial, environmental, and energy fields. Breathability is highly influenced by the nature of a material, pore size, and pore structure. Preparation methods and the incorporation of functional materials are responsible for the variety of physical properties and applications of breathable membranes. In this review, the preparation methods of breathable membranes, including blown film extrusion, cast film extrusion, phase separation, and electrospinning, are discussed. According to the antibacterial, hydrophobic, thermal insulation, conductive, and adsorption properties, the application of breathable membranes in the fields of electronics, medicine, textiles, packaging, energy, and the environment are summarized. Perspectives on the development trends and challenges of breathable membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuai Luo
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Ambar Farooq
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Wenwei Weng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Shengchang Lu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Gai Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaxing Zhou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaobiao Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Abd-Elshafy DN, Abdallah H, Nadeem R, Shalaby MS, Shaban AM, Bahgat MM. Production of Disinfective Coating Layer to Facial Masks Supplemented with Camellia sinensis Extract. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:198. [PMID: 38819647 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although usefulness of masks for protection against respiratory pathogens, accumulation of pathogens on their surface represents a source of infection spread. Here we prepared a plant extract-based disinfecting layer to be used in coating masks thus inhibiting their capacity to transmit airborne pathogens. To reach this, a polypropylene membrane base was coated with a layer of polyvinyledine difluoride polymer containing 500 μg/ml of Camellia sinensis (Black tea) methanolic extract. Direct inhibitory effects of C. sinensis were initially demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus (respiratory bacteria), influenza A virus (enveloped virus) and adenovirus 1 (non-enveloped virus) which were directly proportional to both extract concentration and incubation time with the pathogen. This was later confirmed by the capacity of the supplemented membrane with the plant extract to block infectivity of the above mentioned pathogens, recorded % inhibition values were 61, 72 and 50 for S. aureus, influenza and adenovirus, respectively. In addition to the disinfecting capacity of the membrane its hydrophobic nature and pore size (154 nm) prevented penetration of dust particles or water droplets carrying respiratory pathogens. In summary, introducing this layer could protect users from infection and decrease infection risk upon handling contaminated masks surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and climate change, the National Research Centre, 30 Elbehoos street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba Abdallah
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Institute of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rola Nadeem
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Saied Shalaby
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Institute of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Shaban
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and climate change, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Thornburg JA, Nguy P, Mortland KM, Mortland KM, Sloup RE, Naylor BK, Topp RV, Matson JS, Bigioni TP. In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Microbe Growth on Antimicrobial Nursing Scrubs. Clin Nurs Res 2024; 33:253-261. [PMID: 38494871 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241238250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Around 5% to 10% of hospitalized patients develop a hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Scrubs are a potential vector of HAIs. To compare the antimicrobial characteristics of scrubs with and without an antimicrobial fabric coating, as tested in the laboratory (in vitro) and hospital (in vivo) environments. Two protocols were conducted to address the purpose. The in vitro protocol was a laboratory study that involved observing the microbe growth after inoculating coated and uncoated scrub fabric swatches with S. aureus and then processing them in moist and dry environments. The in vivo protocol was a clinical trial that measured microbe growth on coated and uncoated scrubs prior to and following nursing staff completing a 12-hr shift on an acute care unit, as measured by colony forming units (CFUs). For high-humidity environments, the in vitro study indicated that swatches treated with an antimicrobial coating exhibited minimal microbe growth, while untreated swatches exhibited significant microbe growth. For low-humidity environments, coated and uncoated swatches were all found to exhibit minimal microbe growth. In the in vivo study, the CFUs increased on scrubs worn by nurses over a 12-hr shift with no significant difference in CFUs for coated and uncoated scrubs. For bacteria in a warm and moist environment, the antimicrobial coating was found to be important for inhibiting growth. For bacteria in a warm and dry environment, both coated and uncoated fabrics performed similarly as measured at 24 hr, with minimal bacterial growth observed. In a hospital environment, microbe growth was observed, but no significant difference was detected when comparing coated and uncoated scrubs. This may have been due to the short time between exposure and culturing the scrubs for analysis immediately at the end of the shift not allowing for enough time to kill or inhibit growth. Contact time between the bacteria and scrub fabric (coated or uncoated) in the in vivo study more directly correlated with the 0-hr observations for the in vitro study, suggesting that the ineffectiveness of the treated scrubs in the clinical results may be due in part to short residence times before collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phong Nguy
- The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Hao Z, Wang M, Cheng L, Si M, Feng Z, Feng Z. Synergistic antibacterial mechanism of silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1337543. [PMID: 38260749 PMCID: PMC10800703 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1337543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of antibiotics in clinical settings has resulted in the rapid expansion, evolution, and development of bacterial and microorganism resistance. It causes a significant challenge to the medical community. Therefore, it is important to develop new antibacterial materials that could replace traditional antibiotics. With the advancements in nanotechnology, it has become evident that metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO NPs) exhibit stronger antibacterial properties than their bulk and micron-sized counterparts. The antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) have been extensively studied, including the release of metal ions, oxidative stress responses, damages to cell integrity, and immunostimulatory effects. However, it is crucial to consider the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Ag NPs and Cu NPs. Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) composed of Ag NPs and Cu NPs exhibit strong antibacterial effects while maintaining low cytotoxicity. Bimetallic nanoparticles offer an effective means to mitigate the genotoxicity associated with individual nanoparticles while considerably enhancing their antibacterial efficacy. In this paper, we presented on various synthesis methods for Ag-Cu NPs, emphasizing their synergistic effects, processes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, photocatalytic properties, antibacterial mechanisms, and the factors influencing their performance. These materials have the potential to enhance efficacy, reduce toxicity, and find broader applications in combating antibiotic resistance while promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonan Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Implantable Medical Polymer, Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co, Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Minmin Si
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zezhou Feng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation (SAARI), Taiyuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Gottardo B, Zoccal ARM, Maschio-Lima T, Lemes TH, Paziani MH, Von Zeska Kress MR, Perfecto TM, Almeida MTG, Volanti DP. Antifungal Activity of Nontoxic Nanocomposite Based on Silver and Reduced Graphene Oxide against Dermatophytes and Candida spp. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6870-6879. [PMID: 37943794 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Dermatomycoses are typical hair, skin, or nail infections caused mainly by dermatophytes and nondermatophytes: Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Candida. In addition to the esthetical impact, pain, and nail deformity, these mycoses can be a source of severe disease. The high cost of treatment, toxicity, and the emergence of resistant infectious agents justifies research into new drugs. This work evaluates the fungicidal activity of nanocomposites (NCs) based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loaded with silver (Ag) nanoparticles (rGO/Ag) against clinical isolates of dermatophytes and Candida species. This is an unprecedented study in which, for the first time, hybrid nanocompounds based on Ag/rGO were tested against Epidermophytom, Microsporum, and Trichophyton species (dermatophytes agents). In this paper, we synthesize rGO using different concentrations of Ag by hydrolysis of metal salt AgNO3 and follow the growth of nanocrystals on sheets of rGO provided by the NaBH4. The NCs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the NC morphology, silver distribution on the rGO surface, and crystalline information were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Antifungal susceptibility assay was performed by the microdilution method based on modified Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol. Time-kill kinetics was conducted to monitor the effect of the composite to inhibit fungal cells or promote structural changes, avoiding germination. The toxicological evaluation of the NCs was born in an in vivo model based on Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the rGO/Ag NCs ranged from 1.9 to 125 μg/mL. The best inhibitory activity was obtained for rGO/Ag12%, mainly against Candida spp. and Epidermophyton floccosum. In the presence of sorbitol, MIC values of rGO/Ag NCs were higher (ranging from 15.6 to 250 μg/mL), indicating the action mechanism on the cell wall. Both yeast and dermatophytes clinical isolates were inhibited at a minimum of 6 and 24 h, respectively, but after 2 and 12 h, they had initial antifungal interference. All hybrid formulations of rGO/Ag NCs were not toxic for G. mellonella. This study provides insights into an alternative therapeutic strategy for controlling dermatomycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Gottardo
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Andreza R M Zoccal
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Taiza Maschio-Lima
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Lemes
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Mario H Paziani
- Barão de Mauá University Center (BMUC), Rua. Ramos de Azevedo 423, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo 14090-062, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Von Zeska Kress
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio M Perfecto
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Margarete T G Almeida
- São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Diogo P Volanti
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
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Bauer EM, Talone A, Imperatori P, Briancesco R, Bonadonna L, Carbone M. The Addition of Co into CuO-ZnO Oxides Triggers High Antibacterial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2823. [PMID: 37947668 PMCID: PMC10649786 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a simple two-step method is proposed for mixed oxide synthesis aimed at the achievement of antibacterial nanomaterials. In particular, Cu, Zn and Co have been selected to achieve single-, double- and triple-cation oxides. The synthesized samples are characterized by XRD, IR, SEM and EDX, indicating the formation of either crystalline or amorphous hydrocarbonate precursors. The oxides present one or two crystalline phases, depending on their composition; the triple-cation oxides form a solid solution of tenorite. Also, the morphology of the samples varies with the composition, yielding nanoparticles, filaments and hydrangea-like microaggregates. The antibacterial assays are conducted against E. coli and indicate an enhanced efficacy, especially displayed by the oxide containing 3% Co and 9% Zn incorporated into the CuO lattice. The oxides with the highest antibacterial properties are tested for their cytotoxicity, indicating a low toxicity impact, in line with literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Maria Bauer
- Institute of Structure of Matter-Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (E.M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Alessandro Talone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Imperatori
- Institute of Structure of Matter-Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (E.M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Rossella Briancesco
- National Center for Water Safety, Italian National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Lucia Bonadonna
- National Center for Water Safety, Italian National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Ashokkumar S, Kaushik NK, Han I, Uhm HS, Park JS, Cho GS, Oh YJ, Shin YO, Choi EH. Persistence of Coronavirus on Surface Materials and Its Control Measures Using Nonthermal Plasma and Other Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14106. [PMID: 37762409 PMCID: PMC10531613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the initiation of the global pandemic since 2020. The virus spreads through contaminated air particles, fomite, and surface-contaminated porous (i.e., paper, wood, and masks) and non-porous (i.e., plastic, stainless steel, and glass) materials. The persistence of viruses on materials depends on porosity, adsorption, evaporation, isoelectric point, and environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and relative humidity. Disinfection techniques are crucial for preventing viral contamination on animated and inanimate surfaces. Currently, there are few effective methodologies for preventing SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses without any side effects. Before infection can occur, measures must be taken to prevent the persistence of the coronavirus on the surfaces of both porous and non-porous inanimate materials. This review focuses on coronavirus persistence in surface materials (inanimate) and control measures. Viruses are inactivated through chemical and physical methods; the chemical methods particularly include alcohol, chlorine, and peroxide, whereas temperature, pH, humidity, ultraviolet irradiation (UV), gamma radiation, X-rays, ozone, and non-thermal, plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are physical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yung Oh Shin
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kim J, Kang SH, Choi Y, Lee W, Kim N, Tanaka M, Kang SH, Choi J. Antibacterial and biofilm-inhibiting cotton fabrics decorated with copper nanoparticles grown on graphene nanosheets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11947. [PMID: 37488203 PMCID: PMC10366191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious pathogens can be transmitted through textiles. Therefore, additional efforts are needed to develop functional fabrics containing antimicrobial substances to prevent the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their biofilms. Here, we developed a cotton fabric coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), which possessed hydrophobic, antimicrobial, and anti-biofilm properties. Once the graphene oxide was dip-coated on a cellulose cotton fabric, Cu NPs were synthesized using a chemical reduction method to fabricate an rGO/Cu fabric, which was analyzed through FE-SEM, EDS, and ICP-MS. The results of our colony-forming unit assays indicated that the rGO/Cu fabric possessed high antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium xerosis, and Micrococcus luteus. Particularly, the fabric could inhibit the growth of E. coli, C. xerosis, and M. luteus with a 99% efficiency. Furthermore, our findings confirmed that the same concentrations of rGO/Cu had no cytotoxic effects against CCD-986Sk and Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF), human skin cells, and NIH/3T3, a mouse skin cell. The developed rGO/Cu fabric thus exhibited promising applicability as a cotton material that can maintain hygienic conditions by preventing the propagation of various bacteria and sufficiently suppressing biofilm formation while also being harmless to the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjae Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeong Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shink Hyuk Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Bytešníková Z, Koláčková M, Dobešová M, Švec P, Ridošková A, Pekárková J, Přibyl J, Cápal P, Húska D, Adam V, Richtera L. New insight into the biocompatibility/toxicity of graphene oxides and their reduced forms on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. NANOIMPACT 2023; 31:100468. [PMID: 37209721 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxides (GOs) and their reduced forms are often discussed both positively and negatively due to the lack of information about their chemistry and structure. This study utilized GOs with two sheet sizes that were further reduced by two reducing agents (sodium borohydride and hydrazine) to obtain two different degrees of reduction. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy (RA) to understand their chemistry and structure. The second focus of our investigation included in vitro testing of the biocompatibility/toxicity of these materials on a model organism, the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The effects were studied on the basis of biological endpoints complemented by biomass investigation (FTIR spectroscopy, EA, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)). The results showed that the biocompatibility/toxicity of GOs is dependent on their chemistry and structure and that it is impossible to generalize the toxicity of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bytešníková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Koláčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Dobešová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ridošková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pekárková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Húska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Lan J, Chen J, Zhu R, Lin C, Ma X, Cao S. Antibacterial and antiviral chitosan oligosaccharide modified cellulosic fibers with durability against washing and long-acting activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123587. [PMID: 36758766 PMCID: PMC9907796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has attracted extensive attention to antibacterial and antivirus materials. Cellulose is the most potential candidate for the preparation of green, environmentally friendly antibacterial and antiviral materials. Herein, modified cellulosic fibers with sustained antibacterial and antiviral performance was prepared by introducing chitosan oligosaccharide onto the fibers. The two-step method is proved to be more effective than the one-step method for enhanced chitosan oligosaccharide loadings and antibacterial and antiviral activity. In this instance, the modified fibers with 61.77 mg/g chitosan oligosaccharide loadings can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by 100 % after contacting with bacteria for 12 h and reduce the bacteriophage MS2 by 99.19 % after 1 h of contact. More importantly, the modified fibers have washing durable antibacterial and antiviral activity; the modified fibers have 100 % antibacterial and 98.38 % antiviral activity after 20 washing cycles. Benefiting from the excellent performance of the individual fibers, the paper prepared from the modified fibers show great antibacterial (100 %) and antiviral performance (99.01 %) and comparable mechanical strength. The modified fibers have potential applications in the manufacture of protective clothing and protective hygiene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaojuan Ma
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Shilin Cao
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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12
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Fu J, Liu T, Binte Touhid SS, Fu F, Liu X. Functional Textile Materials for Blocking COVID-19 Transmission. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1739-1763. [PMID: 36683285 PMCID: PMC9885531 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 provided a warning sign for society worldwide: that is, we urgently need to explore effective strategies for combating unpredictable viral pandemics. Protective textiles such as surgery masks have played an important role in the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic, while revealing serious challenges in terms of supply, cross-infection risk, and environmental pollution. In this context, textiles with an antivirus functionality have attracted increasing attention, and many innovative proposals with exciting commercial possibilities have been reported over the past three years. In this review, we illustrate the progress of textile filtration for pandemics and summarize the recent development of antiviral textiles for personal protective purposes by cataloging them into three classes: metal-based, carbon-based, and polymer-based materials. We focused on the preparation routes of emerging antiviral textiles, providing a forward-looking perspective on their opportunities and challenges, to evaluate their efficacy, scale up their manufacturing processes, and expand their high-volume applications. Based on this review, we conclude that ideal antiviral textiles are characterized by a high filtration efficiency, reliable antiviral effect, long storage life, and recyclability. The expected manufacturing processes should be economically feasible, scalable, and quickly responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone,
Hangzhou310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Liu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S1A1,
Canada
| | - S Salvia Binte Touhid
- School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone,
Hangzhou310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiya Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone,
Hangzhou310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone,
Hangzhou310018, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Dhabarde N, Khaiboullina S, Uppal T, Adhikari K, Verma SC, Subramanian VR. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses Aided by Photocatalytic One-Dimensional Titania Nanotube Films as a Self-Disinfecting Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50463-50474. [PMID: 36335476 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and its variants that continue to emerge have necessitated the implementation of effective disinfection strategies. Developing self-disinfecting surfaces can be a potential route for reducing fomite transmissions of infectious viruses. We show the effectiveness of TiO2 nanotubes (T_NTs) on photocatalytic inactivation of human coronavirus, HCoV-OC43, as well as SARS-CoV-2. T_NTs were synthesized by the anodization process, and their impact on photocatalytic inactivation was evaluated by the detection of residual viral genome copies (quantitative real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and infectious viruses (infectivity assays). T_NTs with different structural morphologies, wall thicknesses, diameters, and lengths were prepared by varying the time and applied potential during anodization. The virucidal efficacy was tested under different UV-C exposure times to understand the photocatalytic reaction's kinetics. We showed that the T_NT presence boosts the inactivation process and demonstrated complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 as well as HCoV-OC43 within 30 s of UV-C illumination. The remarkable cyclic stability of these T_NTs was revealed through a reusability experiment. The spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses have been reported to correlate and quantify the effects of the physical features of T_NT with photoactivity. We anticipate that the proposed one-dimensional T_NT will be applicable for studying the surface inactivation of other coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 variants due to similarities in their genomic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Dhabarde
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nevada, LME 309, MS 388, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Kabita Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Vaidyanathan Ravi Subramanian
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nevada, LME 309, MS 388, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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14
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Ahmad V, Ansari MO. Antimicrobial Activity of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Applications for Human Welfare. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12224002. [PMID: 36432288 PMCID: PMC9694244 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene (GN)-related nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, quantum dots, etc., and their composites have attracted significant interest owing to their efficient antimicrobial properties and thus newer GN-based composites are being readily developed, characterized, and explored for clinical applications by scientists worldwide. The GN offers excellent surface properties, i.e., a large surface area, pH sensitivity, and significant biocompatibility with the biological system. In recent years, GN has found applications in tissue engineering owing to its impressive stiffness, mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and the ability to innovate in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) design. It also offers a photothermic effect that potentiates the targeted killing of cells via physicochemical interactions. It is generally synthesized by physical and chemical methods and is characterized by modern and sophisticated analytical techniques such as NMR, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, etc. A lot of reports show the successful conjugation of GN with existing repurposed drugs, which improves their therapeutic efficacy against many microbial infections and also its potential application in drug delivery. Thus, in this review, the antimicrobial potentialities of GN-based nanomaterials, their synthesis, and their toxicities in biological systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varish Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Antimicrobial Nonwoven Fabrics Incorporated with Levulinic Acid and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for Use in the Food Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152369. [PMID: 35954134 PMCID: PMC9368506 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe and cost-effective antimicrobial fabrics (e.g., face masks and air filters) are conducive to preventing the spread and transmission of respiratory microorganisms in food processing plants and retail establishments. The objective of this study was to coat fabrics with two commonly used compounds in the food industry: levulinic acid (LVA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and determine the antimicrobial efficacy of the coated fabrics against bacterial solutions, aerosols, and influenza A virus subtype H1N1. In addition, air permeability and shelf-life of the LVA/SDS coated fabrics were also examined. Nonwoven fabrics were dip-coated with three concentrations (w/v, 0.5% LVA + 0.1% SDS, 1% LVA + 0.5% SDS, and 2% LVA + 1% SDS) of LVA and SDS and challenged with bacterial solutions (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, ca. 7.0 log CFU/coupon) for a contact time of 3, 5, and 10 min. The coated fabrics were also challenged with S. aureus aerosol and H1N1 virus following standard operations of ASTM F2101-19 and ISO 18184:2019, respectively. The 1% LVA + 0.5% SDS coated fabrics showed potent antibacterial efficacy against both bacterial solutions (>6.0-log reduction to under the detection limit of 1.0 log CFU/coupon for S. aureus; ca. 1.0-log reduction for E. coli) and aerosols (>3.6-log reduction to under the detection limit), with greater inactivation occurring at higher concentrations and longer exposure time. Moreover, the coated fabrics inactivated >99% of the H1N1 virus. The shelf-life of the coated fabrics was stable within 12 months and the air permeability was not adversely affected with the coating concentrations less than 1% LVA + 0.5% SDS. Results reveal these low-cost and safe materials have the potential to be used to coat fabrics in the food industry to combat the spread and transmission of pathogens.
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16
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Zhang H, Cao Y, Zhen Q, Hu JJ, Cui JQ, Qian XM. Facile Preparation of PET/PA6 Bicomponent Microfilament Fabrics with Tunable Porosity for Comfortable Medical Protective Clothing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3509-3518. [PMID: 35793521 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medical protective materials have broadly drawn attention due to their ability to stop the spread of infectious diseases and protect the safety of medical staff. However, creating medical protective materials that combine excellent liquid shielding performance and outstanding mechanical properties with high breathability is still a challenging task. Herein, a polyester/polyamide 6 (PET/PA6) bicomponent microfilament fabric with tunable porosity for comfortable medical protective clothing was prepared via dip-coating technology and an easy and effective thermal-belt bonding process. The dip coating of the C6-based fluorocarbon polymer endowed the samples with excellent hydrophobicity (alcohol contact angles, 130-128°); meanwhile, by adjusting the temperature and pressure of the thermal-belt bonding process, the porosity of the samples was adapted in the range of 64.19-88.64%. Furthermore, benefitting tunable porosity and surface hydrophobicity, the samples also demonstrated an excellent softness score (24.3-34.5), agreeable air permeability (46.3-27.8 mm/s), and high hydrostatic pressure (1176-4130 Pa). Significantly, the created textiles successfully filter aerosol from the air and display highly tensile strength. These excellent comprehensive performances indicate that the prepared PET/PA6 bicomponent microfilament fabrics would be an attractive choice for medical protective apparel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- School of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, No. 1 Huaihe Road, Xinzheng County, 451191 Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Polymer Materials Technology and Application, No. 1 Yangze Road, Changyuan County, 453400 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Polymer Materials Technology and Application, No. 1 Yangze Road, Changyuan County, 453400 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Xilu Road, Xiqing District, 300387 Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhen
- School of Clothing, Zhongyuan University of Technology, No. 1 Huaihe Road, Xinzheng County, 451191 Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Polymer Materials Technology and Application, No. 1 Yangze Road, Changyuan County, 453400 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- Shanghai Earntz Nonwoven Co., Ltd., No. 88, Jiangong Road, Jinshan District, 201501 Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Qiang Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Polymer Materials Technology and Application, No. 1 Yangze Road, Changyuan County, 453400 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,Henan Tuoren Medical Device Co., Ltd., Tuoren Industrial Zone, Changyuan County, No. 1 Yangze Road, Changyuan County, 453400 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Qian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Polymer Materials Technology and Application, No. 1 Yangze Road, Changyuan County, 453400 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Xilu Road, Xiqing District, 300387 Tianjin, China
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17
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Bhattacharjee S, Bahl P, Chughtai AA, Heslop D, MacIntyre CR. Face masks and respirators: Towards sustainable materials and technologies to overcome the shortcomings and challenges. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shovon Bhattacharjee
- Biosecurity Program The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Kensington Sydney Australia
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Prateek Bahl
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
- School of Population Health Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Kensington Sydney Australia
| | - David Heslop
- School of Population Health Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Kensington Sydney Australia
| | - C. Raina MacIntyre
- Biosecurity Program The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Kensington Sydney Australia
- College of Public Service and Community Solutions and College of Health Solutions Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
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18
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Recent advances in functionalization of nanotextiles: A strategy to combat harmful microorganisms and emerging pathogens in the 21st century. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09761. [PMID: 35789866 PMCID: PMC9249839 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Recent Trends in Protective Textiles against Biological Threats: A Focus on Biological Warfare Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081599. [PMID: 35458353 PMCID: PMC9026340 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising threats to worldwide security (affecting the military, first responders, and civilians) urge us to develop efficient and versatile technological solutions to protect human beings. Soldiers, medical personnel, firefighters, and law enforcement officers should be adequately protected, so that their exposure to biological warfare agents (BWAs) is minimized, and infectious microorganisms cannot be spread so easily. Current bioprotective military garments include multilayered fabrics integrating activated carbon as a sorptive agent and a separate filtrating layer for passive protection. However, secondary contaminants emerge following their accumulation within the carbon filler. The clothing becomes too heavy and warm to wear, not breathable even, preventing the wearer from working for extended hours. Hence, a strong need exists to select and/or create selectively permeable layered fibrous structures with bioactive agents that offer an efficient filtering capability and biocidal skills, ensuring lightweightness, comfort, and multifunctionality. This review aims to showcase the main possibilities and trends of bioprotective textiles, focusing on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO-based), and organic players such as chitosan (CS)-based small-scale particles and plant-derived compounds as bioactive agents. The textile itself should be further evaluated as the foundation for the barrier effect and in terms of comfort. The outputs of a thorough, standardized characterization should dictate the best elements for each approach.
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20
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Tuñón-Molina A, Takayama K, Redwan EM, Uversky VN, Andrés J, Serrano-Aroca Á. Protective Face Masks: Current Status and Future Trends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56725-56751. [PMID: 34797624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Management of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has relied in part on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Face masks, as a representative example of PPE, have made a particularly significant contribution. However, most commonly used face masks are made of materials lacking inactivation properties against either SARS-CoV-2 or multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals wearing masks can still infect others due to viable microbial loads escaping from the masks. Moreover, microbial contact transmission can occur by touching the mask, and the discarded masks are an increasing source of contaminated biological waste and a serious environmental threat. For this reason, during the current pandemic, many researchers have worked to develop face masks made of advanced materials with intrinsic antimicrobial, self-cleaning, reusable, and/or biodegradable properties, thereby providing extra protection against pathogens in a sustainable manner. To overview this segment of the remarkable efforts against COVID-19, this review describes the different types of commercialized face masks, their main fabrication methods and treatments, and the progress achieved in face mask development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tuñón-Molina
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Juan Andrés
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Gogoi P, Singh SK, Pandey A, Chattopadhyay A, Gooh Pattader PS. Nanometer-Thick Superhydrophobic Coating Renders Cloth Mask Potentially Effective against Aerosol-Driven Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7921-7931. [PMID: 35006773 PMCID: PMC8525343 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The advent of COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to wear masks across populations. While the N95 mask offers great performance against airborne infections, its multilayered sealed design makes it difficult to breathe for a longer duration of use. The option of using highly breathable cloth or silk masks especially for a large populace is fraught with the danger of infection. As a normal cloth or silk mask absorbs airborne liquid, it can be a source of plausible infection. We demonstrate the chemical modification of one such mask, Eri silk, to make it hydrophobic (contact angle of water is 143.7°), which reduces the liquid absorption capacity without reducing the breathability of the mask significantly. The breathability reduces only 22% for hydrophobic Eri silk compared to the pristine Eri silk, whereas N95 shows a 59% reduction of breathability. The modified hydrophobic silk can repel the incoming aqueous liquid droplets without wetting the surface. The results indicate that a multilayered modified silk mask to make it hydrophobic can be an affordable and breathable alternative to the N95 mask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Gogoi
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam
781039, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam
781039, India
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam
781039, India
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039,
India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute
of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039,
India
| | - Partho Sarathi Gooh Pattader
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam
781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute
of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039,
India
- School of Health Science and Technology,
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam
781039, India
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22
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Cano-Vicent A, Tuñón-Molina A, Martí M, Muramoto Y, Noda T, Takayama K, Serrano-Aroca Á. Antiviral Face Mask Functionalized with Solidified Hand Soap: Low-Cost Infection Prevention Clothing against Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23495-23503. [PMID: 34514272 PMCID: PMC8424690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection prevention clothing is becoming an essential protective tool in the current pandemic, especially because now we know that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can easily infect humans in poorly ventilated indoor spaces. However, commercial infection prevention clothing is made of fabrics that are not capable of inactivating the virus. Therefore, viral infections of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals wearing protective clothing such as masks can occur through aerosol transmission or by contact with the contaminated surfaces of the masks, which are suspected as an increasing source of highly infectious biological waste. Herein, we report an easy fabrication method of a novel antiviral non-woven fabric containing polymer filaments that were coated with solidified hand soap. This extra protective fabric is capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and phage Φ6 within 1 min of contact. In this study, this antiviral fabric was used to fabricate an antiviral face mask and did not show any cytotoxic effect in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Furthermore, this antiviral non-woven fabric could be used for the fabrication of other infection prevention clothing such as caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons, and shoe covers. Therefore, this low-cost technology could provide a wide range of infection-protective tools to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics in developed and underdeveloped countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cano-Vicent
- Doctoral
School, Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación
Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad
Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia 46001, Spain
| | - Alberto Tuñón-Molina
- Doctoral
School, Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación
Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad
Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia 46001, Spain
| | - Miguel Martí
- Biomaterials
and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional
San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica
de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia 46001, Spain
| | - Yukiko Muramoto
- Laboratory
of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Laboratory
of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials
and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional
San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica
de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia 46001, Spain
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