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Biswas S, Lee Y, Choi H, Lee HW, Kim H. Progress in organic photovoltaics for indoor application. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32000-32022. [PMID: 37915443 PMCID: PMC10616817 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have recently emerged as feasible alternatives for indoor light harvesting because of their variable optical absorption, high absorption coefficients, and low leakage currents under low lighting circumstances. Extensive research has been performed over the last decade in the quest for highly efficient, ecologically stable, and economically feasible indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs). This research covers a wide range of topics, including the development of new donor-acceptor materials, interlayers (such as electron and hole transport layers), energy loss reduction, open-circuit voltage enhancement via material and device engineering, and device architecture optimization. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of IOPVs has already topped 35% as a consequence of these collaborative efforts. However, further research is needed to improve numerous elements, such as manufacturing costs and device longevity. IOPVs must preserve at least 80% of their initial PCE for more than a decade in order to compete with traditional batteries used in internet of things devices. A thorough examination of this issue is urgently required. We intend to present an overview of recent developments in the evolution of IOPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Biswas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Yongju Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Hyojeong Choi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Hyeong Won Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Hyeok Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
- Central Business, SENSOMEDI 45, Yangcheong 4-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu Cheongju-si 28116 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sensor System, SENSOMEDI, Seoul Biohub 117-3, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02455 Republic of Korea
- Energy Flex Sagajeong-ro 65, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02553 Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Wu H, Bothra U, Chen X, Lu G, Zhao H, Zhao C, Luo Q, Lu G, Zhou K, Kabra D, Ma Z, Ma W. Over 31% efficient indoor organic photovoltaics enabled by simultaneously reduced trap-assisted recombination and non-radiative recombination voltage loss. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:566-575. [PMID: 36458496 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have shown great potential application in driving low-energy-consumption electronics for the Internet of Things. There is still great room for further improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of indoor OPVs, considering that the desired morphology of the active layer to reduce trap-assisted recombination and voltage losses and thus simultaneously enhance the fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage for efficient indoor OPVs remains obscure. Herein, by optimizing the bulk and interface morphology via a layer-by-layer (LBL) processing strategy, low leakage current and low non-radiative recombination loss can be synergistically achieved in PM6:Y6-O based devices. Detailed characterizations reveal the stronger crystallinity, purer domains and ideal interfacial contacts in the LBL devices compared to their bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) counterparts. The optimized morphology yields a reduced voltage loss and an impressive FF of 81.5%, and thus contributes to a high PCE of 31.2% under a 1000 lux light-emitting diode (LED) illumination in the LBL devices, which is the best reported efficiency for indoor OPVs. Additionally, this LBL strategy exhibits great universality in promoting the performance of indoor OPVs, as exemplified by three other non-fullerene acceptor systems. This work provides guidelines for morphology optimization and synergistically promotes the fast development of efficient indoor OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Urvashi Bothra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Xingze Chen
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qun Luo
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Hwang S, Yasuda T. Indoor photovoltaic energy harvesting based on semiconducting π-conjugated polymers and oligomeric materials toward future IoT applications. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the advancement of artificial intelligence computing systems that can collect, analyze, and utilize metadata from our activities and surrounding environments, establishing self-powered electronic systems/networks supported by energy harvesters is strongly desired. With the lowering of power consumption in contemporary IoT electronics such as wireless sensors, indoor organic photovoltaic devices (iOPVs), which can be driven under ambient indoor light, have recently attracted significant interest as self-sustainable eco-friendly power sources. iOPVs based on organic semiconductors have unique advantages, such as light weight, flexibility, solution processability, and feasibility of low-temperature mass production. Additionally, the spectral tunability and high optical absorptivity of organic semiconductors make iOPVs more effective as energy harvesters in indoor lighting environments. With recent intensive research effort, iOPVs have realized the delivery of high power conversion efficiencies exceeding 25% with output power densities of several tens to a hundred μW cm−2, which are sufficient to drive various low-power electronics compatible with the IoT. This review article focuses on recent progress in iOPVs based on π-conjugated polymers and oligomeric materials and outlines their fundamental principles and characterization techniques.
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Alkhalayfeh MA, Aziz AA, Pakhuruddin MZ, Katubi KMM. Plasmonic Effects of Au@Ag Nanoparticles in Buffer and Active Layers of Polymer Solar Cells for Efficiency Enhancement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5472. [PMID: 36013609 PMCID: PMC9410009 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Embedding nanoparticles (NPs) in the buffer layer of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSCs) excites the surface plasmonic polaritons and enhances the pathlength of the light in the solar cells. On the other hand, embedding NPs in the active layer significantly improves absorption and increases the production of electron-hole (e-h) pairs in BHJ PSCs. Increasing the volume ratio of NPs embedded in BHJ PSCs enables the direct interfacing of the NPs with the active layer, which then serves as a charge recombination center. Therefore, this study integrates the aforementioned phenomena by exploiting the effects of embedding plasmonic Au@Ag NPs in the buffer and active layers of PSC and then determining the optimum volume ratio of Au@Ag NPs. The results show the absorption is increased across the 350-750 nm wavelength region, and the PCE of the device with embedded Au@Ag in two locations is enhanced from 2.50 to 4.24%, which implies a 69.6% improvement in the PCE in comparison to the reference cell. This improvement is contributed by the combined localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects of multi-positional Au@Ag NPs, spiky durian-shaped morphology of Au@Ag NPs, and optimized volume ratio of Au@Ag NPs embedded in the PEDOT: PSS and PTB7:PC71BM layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azlan Abdul Aziz
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zamir Pakhuruddin
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khadijah Mohammedsaleh M. Katubi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Park S, Kim Y, Choi C, Ahn H, Park T, Lee SH, Jang YH, Lee BH. Effect of Bulky Atom Substitution on Backbone Coplanarity and Electrical Properties of Cyclopentadithiophene-Based Semiconducting Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100709. [PMID: 34792255 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of atomic substitution on the optoelectronic properties of a coplanar donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconducting polymer (SPs), prepared using cyclopentadithiophene (CDT) and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) moieties, is investigated. By substituting a carbon atom in the BT unit with CF or C-Cl, two random D-A SPs are prepared, and their optoelectronic properties are thoroughly investigated. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the fluorinated polymer has a slightly smaller dihedral angle (ϴ = 0.6°) than the pristine polymer (ϴ = 1.9°) in its lowest-energy conformation, implying efficient charge transport through the coplanar backbone of the fluorinated polymer. However, the chlorinated polymer shows the lowest energy at a relatively larger dihedral angle (ϴ = 139°) due to the steric hindrance induced by bulky chlorine atoms in the backbone, thereby leading to thin-film morphology, which is unfavorable for charge transport. Consequently, the fluorinated polymer yields the highest field-effect mobility (μ) of 0.57 cm2 V-1 s-1 , slightly higher than that of the pristine polymer (μ = 0.33 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), and the extended device lifetime of organic field-effect transistors over 12 d without any encapsulation layers. The results of this study provide design guidelines for air-stable D-A SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POESTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Wu H, Lin B, Naveed HB, Xin J, Bi Z, Zhou K, Ma Y, Tang Z, Zhao C, Zheng Q, Ma Z, Ma W. Different Morphology Dependence for Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaics: The Role of the Leakage Current and Recombination Losses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44604-44614. [PMID: 34499484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted strong attention for their application in indoor electronic devices. However, the route to optimal photoactive film morphology toward high-performance indoor devices has remained obscure. The leakage current dominated by morphology exerts distinguishing influence on the performance under different illuminations. We have demonstrated that morphology reoptimization plays an important role in indoor OPVs, and their optimal structural features are different from what we laid out for outdoor devices. For indoor OPVs, in order to facilitate low leakage current, it is essential to enhance the crystallinity, phase separation, and domain purity, as well as keeping small surface roughness of the active layer. Furthermore, considering the reduced bimolecular recombination at low light intensity, we have shown that PM6:M36-based indoor devices can work effectively with a large ratio of the donor and acceptor. Our work correlating structure-performance relation and the route to optimal morphology outlines the control over device leakage current and recombination losses boosting the progress of efficient indoor OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Jahandar M, Kim S, Lim DC. Indoor Organic Photovoltaics for Self-Sustaining IoT Devices: Progress, Challenges and Practicalization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3449-3474. [PMID: 34056847 PMCID: PMC8519124 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have great potential to provide a self-sustaining power source for Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The rapid growth in demand for low-power IoT devices for indoor application not only boosts the development of high-performance IPVs, but also promotes the electronics and semiconductor industry for the design and development of ultra-low-power IoT systems. In this Review, the recent progress in IPV technologies, design rules, market trends, and future prospects for highly efficient indoor photovoltaics are discussed. Special attention is given to the progress and development of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), which demonstrate great possibilities for IPVs, owing to their bandgap tunability, high absorbance coefficient, semitransparency, solution processability, and easy large-area manufacturing on flexible substrates. Highly efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs) can be realized through designing efficient donor and acceptor absorber materials that have good spectral responses in the visible region and better energy-aligned interfacial layers, and through modulation of optical properties. Interfacial engineering, photovoltage losses, device stability, and large-area organic photovoltaic modules are surveyed to understand the mechanisms of efficient power conversion and challenges for IOPVs under indoor conditions as a self-sustaining power source for IoT devices. Finally, the prospects for further improve in IOPV device performance and practical aspects of integrating IOPVs in low-power IoT devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahandar
- Energy and Electronic Materials CenterKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), KoreaChangwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Energy and Electronic Materials CenterKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), KoreaChangwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lim
- Energy and Electronic Materials CenterKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), KoreaChangwon51508Republic of Korea
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Xu X, Liu W, Luo X, Chen H, Wei Q, Yuan J, Zou Y. An Overview of High-Performance Indoor Organic Photovoltaics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3428-3448. [PMID: 33899334 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs) have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to power microelectronic devices and sensors, especially for the internet of things (IoT). In contrast with silicon-based indoor PV, the IOPVs exhibit better performance due to their tunable bandgap via molecular design, which could achieve a better spectrum matched with the lighting sources. Based on the simulated power conversion efficiency (PCE) in theory, the maximum value can achieve over 50 % under the white LED illumination, which is much higher than the practical top PCE of 31 %, indicating there is room further to improve the performance of IOPVs by various optimization methods. Based on these benefits, the recent progress in IOPVs with different methods was summarizes, and light was shed on the remaining challenges for achieving practical applications in the future. In the end, some guidelines for the development of IOPVs were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Chipsemi Semiconductor (Ningbo) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qingya Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
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Kang X, Li X, Liu H, Liang Z, Chen W, Zheng N, Qiao S, Yang R. Aggregation Tuning with Heavily Fluorinated Donor Polymer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49849-49856. [PMID: 33103902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fluorination/sulfofication-induced effect in the photovoltaic polymer solar cells (PSCs) needs to be paid much attention. In this work, a new donor polymer PBDB-PS2F was synthesized by heavily fluorinated and decorated S atom on the side chain of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit to explore the internal combined effect of F&S on the photoelectric performance. It was found that the heavy fluorination on the side chain could make PBDB-PS2F achieve a low highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO) energy level of -5.72 eV and weaken the torsion of the main chain and effectively increase the intermolecular π-π* transition. Encouragingly, compared with the counterpart polymer PBDB-PS without the fluorination, PBDB-PS2F exhibited a much intense aggregation at room temperature but showed a tendency of reduced aggregation at high temperatures. This feature gives excellent solution processability and uniform morphology in the active layer of a PBDB-PS2F-based device, enabling an outstanding photovoltaic performance with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.56% (VOC = 0.90 V, JSC = 21.53 mA/cm2, FF = 69.68%). Compared with that of the counterpart polymer PBDB-PS with no heavy fluorination, the VOC of PBDB-PS2F increased by 15.4% and the PCE increased by 30.9%. Thus, the heavy-fluorination-induced effect to construct photovoltaic polymers could be used to improve the performance of polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haining Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Cui Y, Hong L, Hou J. Organic Photovoltaic Cells for Indoor Applications: Opportunities and Challenges. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38815-38828. [PMID: 32805933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the growing development of the Internet of Things, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are highly desirable for indoor applications because of the unique features of light weight, flexibility, and coloration. Emission spectra of the commonly used indoor light sources are much narrower with lower light intensity as compared to the standard solar spectrum. High tunability in optical absorption, insensitivity to series resistance and the active layer thickness, and mild operating conditions make indoor OPV cells promising as a practically relevant technology. Currently, the OPV module has obtained a power conversion efficiency of over 20%, with excellent stability under indoor conditions. However, at the present stage, the device physics investigations and material design strategies developed in an OPV cell for indoor applications lag behind those for outdoor applications. In particular, the emerging characterizations in photovoltaic measurements have severely affected the reliability of reports. This Spotlight on Applications highlights these opportunities and challenges of OPV cells for indoor applications and reviews the recent progress in indoor OPV cells. In addition, we summarize some studies related to accurate measurement and provide some recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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