1
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Kraus J, Meingast L, Hald J, Beil SB, Biskupek J, Ritterhoff CL, Gsänger S, Eisenkolb J, Meyer B, Kaiser U, Maultzsch J, von Delius M. Simultaneous Inside and Outside Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402417. [PMID: 38489608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Functionalizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a robust way that does not affect the sp2 carbon framework is a considerable research challenge. Here we describe how triiodide salts of positively charged macrocycles can be used not only to functionalize SWCNTs from the outside, but simultaneously from the inside. We employed disulfide exchange in aqueous solvent to maximize the solvophobic effect and therefore achieve a high degree of macrocycle immobilization. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy, EDX-STEM and HR-TEM clearly showed that serendipitously this wet-chemical functionalization procedure also led to the encapsulation of polyiodide chains inside the nanotubes. The resulting three-shell composite materials are redox-active and experience an intriguing interplay of electrostatic, solvophobic and mechanical effects that could be of interest for applications in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Meingast
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Hald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian L Ritterhoff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Eisenkolb
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Center of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Mena-Hernando S, Eaton M, Fernández-Blázquez JP, López-Moreno A, Pedersen H, Pérez EM. Mechanical Interlocking to Unlock the Reinforcing Potential of Carbon Nanotubes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301490. [PMID: 37452643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) present extraordinary mechanical properties, with Youngs' modulus>1 TPa and tensile strength>50 GPa; this makes them ideal candidates as fillers for the reinforcement of polymers. However, the performance of SWNTs in this field has fallen behind expectations. This is due to a combination of imperfect individualization of the SWNTs and poor load transfer from the polymer to the SWNTs. Here, we study the reinforcement of polymers of different chemical nature using mechanically interlocked derivatives of single-walled carbon nanotubes (MINTs). We compare the mechanical properties of fibers made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polysulfone (PSU) and their composites made with pristine SWNTs, MINTs, and the corresponding supramolecular models. With very low loading of MINTs (0.01 % w/w), improvements of more than 100 % on Youngs Modulus and the tensile strength are observed for both the nonpolar aliphatic PMMA and the very polar aromatic PSU polymers, while pristine carbon nanotubes and the supramolecular nanofillers showed smaller reinforcement. These data, together with our previous report on the reinforcement of polystyrene (nonpolar and aromatic), indicate that derivatization of SWNTs as MINTs is a valid general strategy to optimize the interaction between SWNT fillers and the polymer matrix.
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3
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Mo X, Deng Y, Lai SKM, Gao X, Yu HL, Low KH, Guo Z, Wu HL, Au-Yeung HY, Tse ECM. Mechanical Interlocking Enhances the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Activity and Selectivity of Molecular Copper Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6087-6099. [PMID: 36853653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) for selective H2O generation enables advanced fuel cell technology. Nonprecious metal catalysts are viable and attractive alternatives to state-of-the-art Pt-based materials that are expensive. Cu complexes inspired by Cu-containing O2 reduction enzymes in nature are yet to reach their desired ORR catalytic performance. Here, the concept of mechanical interlocking is introduced to the ligand architecture to enforce dynamic spatial restriction on the Cu coordination site. Interlocked catenane ligands could govern O2 binding mode, promote electron transfer, and facilitate product elimination. Our results show that ligand interlocking as a catenane steers the ORR selectivity to H2O as the major product via the 4e- pathway, rivaling the selectivity of Pt, and boosts the onset potential by 130 mV, the mass activity by 1.8 times, and the turnover frequency by 1.5 fold as compared to the noninterlocked counterpart. Our Cu catenane complex represents one of the first examples to take advantage of mechanical interlocking to afford electrocatalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity. The mechanistic insights gained through this integrated experimental and theoretical study are envisioned to be valuable not just to the area of ORR energy catalysis but also with broad implications on interlocked metal complexes that are of critical importance to the general fields in redox reactions involving proton-coupled electron transfer steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Kin-Man Lai
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xutao Gao
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Ling Yu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Hangzhou 311305, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Liang Wu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmund C M Tse
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Hangzhou 311305, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kerschbaumer A, Wielend D, Leeb E, Schimanofsky C, Kleinbruckner N, Neugebauer H, Irimia-Vladu M, Sariciftci NS. How to use a rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) subtraction method to investigate the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction? Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:834-843. [PMID: 36760341 PMCID: PMC9900597 DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01744j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When studying electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions in homogeneous media, special attention must be given to the significant background activity present with conventional electrode materials. The intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of different materials can be investigated using complementary methods, such as the rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) technique and chronoamperometric electrolysis with product quantification. This report presents a detailed investigation of the electrocatalytic ability of hydroxy anthraquinone derivatives and riboflavin towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production via a novel RRDE subtraction method together with chronoamperometric electrolysis. Qualitative trends linking the two methods were obtained, such as a higher excess current correlating with both higher productivity and selectivity. As such, a valuable tool is provided to increase the understanding of the electrocatalytic ability of homogeneous solutions toward improving the oxygen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Kerschbaumer
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Elisabeth Leeb
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Corina Schimanofsky
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Nadine Kleinbruckner
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Helmut Neugebauer
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
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5
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López‐Moreno A, Ibáñez S, Moreno‐Da Silva S, Ruiz‐González L, Sabanés NM, Peris E, Pérez EM. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulated within Metallacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208189. [PMID: 35789180 PMCID: PMC9544689 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes (MINTs) are interesting nanotube products since they show high stability without altering the carbon nanotube structure. So far, MINTs have been synthesized using ring-closing metathesis, disulfide exchange reaction, H-bonding or direct threading with macrocycles. Here, we describe the encapsulation of single-walled carbon nanotubes within a palladium-based metallosquare. The formation of MINTs was confirmed by a variety of techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We find the making of these MINTs is remarkably sensitive to structural variations of the metallo-assemblies. When a metallosquare with a cavity of appropriate shape and size is used, the formation of the MINT proceeds successfully by both templated clipping and direct threading. Our studies also show indications on how supramolecular coordination complexes can help expand the potential applications of MINTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Universitat Jaume IAv. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n.12071CastellónSpain
| | | | - Luisa Ruiz‐González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro Nacional de Microscopía ElectrónicaUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040MadridSpain
| | | | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Universitat Jaume IAv. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n.12071CastellónSpain
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6
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Schimanofsky C, Wielend D, Kröll S, Lerch S, Werner D, Gallmetzer JM, Mayr F, Neugebauer H, Irimia-Vladu M, Portenkirchner E, Hofer TS, Sariciftci NS. Direct Electrochemical CO 2 Capture Using Substituted Anthraquinones in Homogeneous Solutions: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:14138-14154. [PMID: 36051252 PMCID: PMC9421899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) using organic quinones is a promising and intensively studied alternative to the industrially established scrubbing processes. While recent studies focused only on the influence of substituents having a simple mesomeric or nucleophilicity effect, we have systematically selected six anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives (X-AQ) with amino and hydroxy substituents in order to thoroughly study the influence thereof on the properties of electrochemical CO2 capture. Experimental data from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry of solutions in acetonitrile were analyzed and compared with innovative density functional tight binding computational results. Our experimental and theoretical results provide a coherent explanation of the influence of CO2 on the CV data in terms of weak and strong binding nomenclature of the dianions. In addition to this terminology, we have identified the dihydroxy substituted AQ as a new class of molecules forming rather unstable [X-AQ-(CO2) n ]2- adducts. In contrast to the commonly used dianion consideration, the results presented herein reveal opposite trends in stability for the X-AQ-CO2 •- radical species for the first time. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents theoretically calculated UV-Vis spectra for the various CO2-AQ reduction products for the first time, enabling a detailed decomposition of the spectroelectrochemical data. Thus, this work provides an extension of the existing classification with proof of the existence of X-AQ-CO2 species, which will be the basis of future studies focusing on improved materials for electrochemical CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Schimanofsky
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Kröll
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Lerch
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef M. Gallmetzer
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Mayr
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenberger Straße
69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Helmut Neugebauer
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas S. Hofer
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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7
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Zhang W, Guillén-Soler M, Moreno-Da Silva S, López-Moreno A, González LR, Giménez-López MDC, Pérez EM. Mechanical interlocking of SWNTs with N-rich macrocycles for efficient ORR electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9706-9712. [PMID: 36091908 PMCID: PMC9400660 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Substitutional N-doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes is a common strategy to enhance their electrocatalytic properties in the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we explore the encapsulation of SWNTs within N-rich macrocycles as an alternative strategy to display electroactive sites on the surface of SWNTs. We design and synthesize four types of mechanically interlocked derivatives of SWNTs (MINTs) by combining two types of macrocycles and two types of SWNT samples. Comprehensive electrochemical characterization of these MINTs and their reference SWNTs allows us to establish structure-activity relationships. First, we show that all MINT samples are superior electrocatalysts compared to pristine SWNTs, which serves as general validation of our strategy. Secondly, we show that macrocycles displaying both N atoms and carbonyl groups perform better than those with N atoms only. Finally, we demonstrate that a tighter fit between macrocycles and SWNTs results in enhanced catalytic activity and stability, most likely due to a more effective charge-transfer between the SWNTs and the macrocycles. These results, focusing on the ORR as a testbed, show the possibility of understanding electrocatalytic performance of SWNTs at the molecular level and thus enable the design of more active and more stable catalysts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Guillén-Soler
- CIQUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Rua Jenaro de la Fuente Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | | | | | - Luisa R González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain
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8
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Cheng G, Hayashi T, Miyake Y, Sato T, Tabata H, Katayama M, Komatsu N. Interlocking of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Metal-Tethered Tetragonal Nanobrackets to Enrich a Few Hundredths of a Nanometer Range in Their Diameters. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12500-12510. [PMID: 35925757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have separated carbon nanotubes through host-guest complexation using host molecules named "nanotweezers" and "nanocalipers". In this work, a host molecule named tetragonal "M-nanobrackets", consisting of a pair of dipyrrin nanocalipers corresponding to two brackets "[" and "]" tethered by two metals (M), is designed, synthesized, and employed to separate single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). A facile three-step process including one-pot Suzuki coupling is developed to synthesize M-nanobrackets in a 37% total yield (M = Cu). Upon extraction of SWNTs with a square nanobracket and Cu(II), in situ formed tetragonal M-nanobrackets are found to interlock SWNTs to disperse them in 2-propanol. The interlocking is confirmed by absorption and Raman spectroscopy as well as transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. Especially, Raman spectroscopy is utilized to prove the interlocking of SWNTs; Cu-nanobrackets are found to show inherent resonance Raman signals and affect the SWNT signals, or a radial breathing vibration, due to the rigid rectangular structure of Cu-nanobrackets. The interlocking is facilely and thoroughly released through demetalation to recover the pristine SWNTs as well as the square nanobracket. Such chemically controlled locking and unlocking for SWNTs are one of the characteristics of our separation process. This enables a precise evaluation by Raman, photoluminescence, and absorption spectroscopy of the diameter selectivity to SWNTs, revealing the diameter enrichment of only three kinds of SWNTs, (7,6), (9,4), and (8,5), in the 0.02 nm diameter range from 0.90 to 0.92 nm among ∼20 kinds of SWNTs from 0.76 to 1.17 nm in their diameter range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Cheng
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Carbon Science Division, Research Institute for Supra Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Yuya Miyake
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- SBU ROD, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tabata
- Divison of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Katayama
- Divison of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Gallmetzer JM, Kröll S, Werner D, Wielend D, Irimia-Vladu M, Portenkirchner E, Sariciftci NS, Hofer TS. Anthraquinone and its derivatives as sustainable materials for electrochemical applications - a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the redox potential in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16207-16219. [PMID: 35757985 PMCID: PMC9258729 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinone (AQ) has long been identified as a highly promising lead structure for various applications in organic electronics. Considering the enormous number of possible substitution patterns of the AQ lead structure, with only a minority being commercially available, a systematic experimental screening of the associated electrochemical potentials represents a highly challenging and time consuming task, which can be greatly enhanced via suitable virtual pre-screening techniques. In this work the calculated electrochemical reduction potentials of pristine AQ and 12 hydroxy- or/and amino-substituted AQ derivatives in N,N-dimethylformamide have been correlated against newly measured experimental data. In addition to the calculations performed using density functional theory (DFT), the performance of different semi-empirical density functional tight binding (DFTB) approaches has been critically assessed. It was shown that the SCC DFTB/3ob parametrization in conjunction with the COSMO solvation model provides a highly adequate description of the electrochemical potentials also in the case of the two-fold reduced species. While the quality in the correlation against the experimental data proved to be slightly inferior compared to the employed DFT approach, the highly advantageous cost-accuracy ratio of the SCC DFTB/3ob/COSMO framework has important implications in the formulation of hierarchical screening strategies for materials associated with organic electronics. Based on the observed performance, the low-cost method provides sufficiently accurate results to execute efficient pre-screening protocols, which may then be followed by a DFT-based refinement of the best candidate structures to facilitate a systematic search for new, high-performance organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef M Gallmetzer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Kröll
- Theoretical Chemistry, Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Josef-Möller-Haus, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Engelbert Portenkirchner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Josef-Möller-Haus, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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10
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López-Moreno A, Ibáñez S, Moreno-Da Silva S, Ruiz-González L, Martín Sabanés N, Peris E, Pérez EM. Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulated within Metallacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Ibáñez
- Universitat Jaume I: Universitat Jaume I Instituto de Materiales Avanzados, INAM SPAIN
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Peris
- Universitat Jaume I: Universitat Jaume I Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) SPAIN
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience - Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid SPAIN
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11
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Leeb E, Wielend D, Schimanofsky C, Sariciftci NS. Substrate and pH‐dependent homogeneous electrocatalysis using riboflavin for oxygen reduction. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Leeb
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria
| | - Corina Schimanofsky
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria
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12
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López-Moreno A, Villalva J, Pérez EM. Mechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes: synthesis and potential applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9433-9444. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An introduction to mechanically interlocked derivatives of single-walled carbon nanotubes: their main structural features, their potential advantages compared to covalent and supramolecular derivatives, how to synthesize them, and their most promising fields for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Moreno
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Canto Blanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Villalva
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Canto Blanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Canto Blanco, C/Faraday 9, E28049 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Wielend D, Salinas Y, Mayr F, Bechmann M, Yumusak C, Neugebauer H, Brüggemann O, Sariciftci NS. Immobilized Poly(anthraquinones) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications: Structure‐Property Relations. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wielend
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP) Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Felix Mayr
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Institute of Applied Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Matthias Bechmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Cigdem Yumusak
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Materials Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Neugebauer
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry (ICP) Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
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14
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Yu M, Dong H, Liu K, Zheng Y, Hoffmann MR, Liu W. Porous carbon monoliths for electrochemical removal of aqueous herbicides by "one-stop" catalysis of oxygen reduction and H 2O 2 activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125592. [PMID: 34030423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of herbicides has posed a threat to human health and the aquatic environment via DNA mutations and antibiotic gene resistance. Carbon-based cathodic electrochemical advanced oxidation has evolved as a promising technology for herbicide degradation by generating hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, conventional electro-Fenton process relies on interaction of multiple species that adds to the system complexity and cost and narrows the working pH range. Herein, a series of porous carbon monoliths (PCMs) were developed as a "one-stop" platform for catalysis of the 2-electron ORR coupled with further catalytic reductive cleavage of H2O2 to produce •OH. A PCM prepared using 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (denoted as PCM-HDA) produced H2O2 at a level that was 374% higher than that obtained using commercially available carbon black at circum-neutral pH. Meanwhile, the generated H2O2 was catalytically decomposed to produce •OH. Based on these results, the PCM-HDA electrode achieved an 80 ± 2% degradation of napropamide in 60 min over the pH range of 4-10 at a mildly reducing potential, with a 69 ± 2% TOC reduction at circum-neutral condition in 2 h. This simplified system overcomes the system complexity and pH limitation of the conventional electron-Fenton processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Linde + Robinson Laboratories California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Heng Dong
- Linde + Robinson Laboratories California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Linde + Robinson Laboratories California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Yingdie Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde + Robinson Laboratories California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Lu J, Liu X, Chen Q, Zhou J. Coupling effect of nitrogen-doped carbon black and carbon nanotube in assembly gas diffusion electrode for H2O2 electro-generation and recalcitrant pollutant degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Wielend D, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci NS. Revealing the electrocatalytic behaviour by a novel rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) subtraction method: A case-study on oxygen reduction using anthraquinone sulfonate. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Werner D, Apaydin DH, Wielend D, Geistlinger K, Saputri WD, Griesser UJ, Dražević E, Hofer TS, Portenkirchner E. Analysis of the Ordering Effects in Anthraquinone Thin Films and Its Potential Application for Sodium Ion Batteries. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:3745-3757. [PMID: 33815649 PMCID: PMC8016091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ordering effects in anthraquinone (AQ) stacking forced by thin-film application and its influence on dimer solubility and current collector adhesion are investigated. The structural characteristics of AQ and its chemical environment are found to have a substantial influence on its electrochemical performance. Computational investigation for different charged states of AQ on a carbon substrate obtained via basin hopping global minimization provides important insights into the physicochemical thin-film properties. The results reveal the ideal stacking configurations of the individual AQ-carrier systems and show ordering effects in a periodic supercell environment. The latter reveals the transition from intermolecular hydrogen bonding toward the formation of salt bridges between the reduced AQ units and a stabilizing effect upon the dimerlike rearrangement, while the strong surface-molecular interactions in the thin-film geometries are found to be crucial for the formed dimers to remain electronically active. Both characteristics, the improved current collector adhesion and the stabilization due to dimerization, are mutual benefits of thin-film electrodes over powder-based systems. This hypothesis has been further investigated for its potential application in sodium ion batteries. Our results show that AQ thin-film electrodes exhibit significantly better specific capacities (233 vs 87 mAh g-1 in the first cycle), Coulombic efficiencies, and long-term cycling performance (80 vs 4 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles) over the AQ powder electrodes. By augmenting the experimental findings via computational investigations, we are able to suggest design strategies that may foster the performance of industrially desirable powder-based electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Werner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cell (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Katharina Geistlinger
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wahyu D. Saputri
- Austrian-Indonesian
Centre (AIC) for Computational Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Indonesian
Institute of Sciences, Sasana Widya Sarwono (SWS), 12710 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Emil Dražević
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas S. Hofer
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Whang DR. Immobilization of molecular catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. NANO CONVERGENCE 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 33252707 PMCID: PMC7704885 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-020-00248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis offers a way of producing fuels or high-value chemicals using a limitless energy source of sunlight and abundant resources such as water, CO2, and/or O2. Inspired by the strategies in natural photosynthesis, researchers have developed a number of homogeneous molecular systems for photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic, and electrocatalytic artificial photosynthesis. However, their photochemical instability in homogeneous solution are hurdles for scaled application in real life. Immobilization of molecular catalysts in solid supports support provides a fine blueprint to tackle this issue. This review highlights the recent developments in (i) techniques for immobilizing molecular catalysts in solid supports and (ii) catalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and O2 reduction with the support-immobilized molecular catalysts. Remaining challenges for molecular catalyst-based devices for artificial photosynthesis are discussed in the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ryeol Whang
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 34054, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Rabl H, Wielend D, Tekoglu S, Seelajaroen H, Neugebauer H, Heitzmann N, Apaydin DH, Scharber MC, Sariciftci NS. Are Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Electrocatalysts for Oxygen (O 2) Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2)? ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2020; 3:10611-10618. [PMID: 33251486 PMCID: PMC7687026 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present results on the electrocatalytic activity of conducting polymers [polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy)] toward the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The electropolymerization of the polymers and electrolysis conditions were optimized for H2O2 production. On flat glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, the faradaic efficiency (FE) for H2O2 production was significantly improved by the polymers. Rotating disc electrode (RDE) studies revealed that this is mainly a result of blocking further H2O2 to the water reduction pathway by the polymers. PPy on carbon paper (CP) significantly increased the molar production of H2O2 by over 250% at an average FE of above 95% compared to bare CP with a FE of 25%. Thus, the polymers are acting as catalysts on the electrode for the ORR, although their catalytic mechanisms differ from other electrocatalysts.
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