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Samaha AC, Doumani J, Kritzell TE, Xu H, Baydin A, Ajayan PM, Tahchi ME, Kono J. Graphene Terahertz Devices for Sensing and Communication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401151. [PMID: 39087386 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based terahertz (THz) devices have emerged as promising platforms for a variety of applications, leveraging graphene's unique optoelectronic properties. This review explores recent advancements in utilizing graphene in THz technology, focusing on two main aspects: THz molecular sensing and THz wave modulation. In molecular sensing, the environment-sensitive THz transmission and emission properties of graphene are utilized for enabling molecular adsorption detection and biomolecular sensing. This capability holds significant potential, from the detection of pesticides to DNA at high sensitivity and selectivity. In THz wave modulation, crucial for next-generation wireless communication systems, graphene demonstrates remarkable potential in absorption modulation when gated. Novel device structures, spectroscopic systems, and metasurface architectures have enabled enhanced absorption and wave modulation. Furthermore, techniques such as spatial phase modulation and polarization manipulation have been explored. From sensing to communication, graphene-based THz devices present a wide array of opportunities for future research and development. Finally, advancements in sensing techniques not only enhance biomolecular analysis but also contribute to optimizing graphene's properties for communication by enabling efficient modulation of electromagnetic waves. Conversely, developments in communication strategies inform and enhance sensing capabilities, establishing a mutually beneficial relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Christina Samaha
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Intelligent Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Jdeidet, 90656, Lebanon
| | - Jacques Doumani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - T Elijah Kritzell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hongjing Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Andrey Baydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Intelligent Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Jdeidet, 90656, Lebanon
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Zhang Y, Jia K, Ge H, Ji X, Jiang Y, Bu Y, Zhang Y, Sun Q. A Novel Terahertz Metamaterial Microfluidic Sensing Chip for Ultra-Sensitive Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1150. [PMID: 38998755 PMCID: PMC11243096 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A terahertz metamaterial microfluidic sensing chip for ultrasensitive detection is proposed to investigate the response of substances to terahertz radiation in liquid environments and enhance the molecular fingerprinting of trace substances. The structure consists of a cover layer, a metal microstructure, a microfluidic channel, a metal reflective layer, and a buffer layer from top to bottom, respectively. The simulation results show that there are three obvious resonance absorption peaks in the range of 1.5-3.0 THz and the absorption intensities are all above 90%. Among them, the absorption intensity at M1 = 1.971 THz is 99.99%, which is close to the perfect absorption, and its refractive index sensitivity and Q-factor are 859 GHz/RIU and 23, respectively, showing excellent sensing characteristics. In addition, impedance matching and equivalent circuit theory are introduced in this paper to further analyze the physical mechanism of the sensor. Finally, we perform numerical simulations using refractive index data of normal and cancer cells, and the results show that the sensor can distinguish different types of cells well. The chip can reduce the sample pretreatment time as well as enhance the interaction between terahertz waves and matter, which can be used for early disease screening and food quality and safety detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Keke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaodi Ji
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuwei Bu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingcheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Ortiz-Martínez M, Molina González JA, Ramírez García G, de Luna Bugallo A, Justo Guerrero MA, Strupiechonski EC. Enhancing Sensitivity and Selectivity in Pesticide Detection: A Review of Cutting-Edge Techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1468-1484. [PMID: 38726957 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The primary goal of our review was to systematically explore and compare the state-of-the-art methodologies employed in the detection of pesticides, a critical component of global food safety initiatives. New approach methods in the fields of luminescent nanosensors, chromatography, terahertz spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are discussed as precise, rapid, and versatile strategies for pesticide detection in food items and agroecological samples. Luminescent nanosensors emerge as powerful tools, noted for their portability and unparalleled sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled to spectroscopic detectors, stalwarts in the analytical chemistry field, are lauded for their precision, wide applicability, and validation in diverse regulatory environments. Terahertz spectroscopy offers unique advantages such as noninvasive testing, profound penetration depth, and bulk sample handling. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy stands out with its nondestructive nature, its ability to detect even trace amounts of pesticides, and its minimal requirement for sample preparation. While acknowledging the maturity and robustness of these techniques, our review underscores the importance of persistent innovation. These methodologies' significance extends beyond their present functions, highlighting their adaptability to meet ever-evolving challenges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1468-1484. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ortiz-Martínez
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Industrial, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Jorge Alberto Molina González
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Gonzalo Ramírez García
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Andrés de Luna Bugallo
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Manuel Alejandro Justo Guerrero
- Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology Consiglio Nazionale della Richerche, Pisa, Italy
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Pratap Singh Raman A, Thakur G, Pandey G, Kumari K, Singh P. An Updated Review on Functionalized Graphene as Sensitive Materials in Sensing of Pesticides. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202302080. [PMID: 38578653 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Numerous chemical pesticides were employed for a long time to manage pests, but their uncontrolled application harmed the health and the environment. Accurately quantifying pesticide residues is essential for risk evaluation and regulatory purposes. Numerous analytical methods have been developed and utilized to achieve sensitive and specific detection of pesticides in intricate sampl es like water, soil, food, and air. Electrochemical sensors based on amperometry, potentiometry, or impedance spectroscopy offer portable, rapid, and sensitive detection suitable for on-site analysis. This study examines the potential of electrochemical sensors for the accurate evaluation of various effects of pesticides. Emphasizing the use of Graphene (GR), Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), and Graphdiyne composites, the study highlights their enhanced performance in pesticide sensing by stating the account of many actual sensors that have been made for specific pesticides. Computational studies provide valuable insights into the adsorption kinetics, binding energies, and electronic properties of pesticide-graphene complexes, guiding the design and optimization of graphene-based sensors with improved performance. Furthermore, the discussion extends to the emerging field of biopesticides. While the GR/GO/rGO based sensors hold immense future prospects, and their existing limitations have also been discussed, which need to be solved with future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Pratap Singh Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi- NCR Campus, Delhi-Merrut Road, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Gauri Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
| | - Garima Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi- NCR Campus, Delhi-Merrut Road, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi- NCR Campus, Delhi-Merrut Road, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India
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Li X, Li M, Li J, Gao Y, Liu C, Hao G. Wearable sensor supports in-situ and continuous monitoring of plant health in precision agriculture era. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1516-1535. [PMID: 38184781 PMCID: PMC11123445 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant health is intricately linked to crop quality, food security and agricultural productivity. Obtaining accurate plant health information is of paramount importance in the realm of precision agriculture. Wearable sensors offer an exceptional avenue for investigating plant health status and fundamental plant science, as they enable real-time and continuous in-situ monitoring of physiological biomarkers. However, a comprehensive overview that integrates and critically assesses wearable plant sensors across various facets, including their fundamental elements, classification, design, sensing mechanism, fabrication, characterization and application, remains elusive. In this study, we provide a meticulous description and systematic synthesis of recent research progress in wearable sensor properties, technology and their application in monitoring plant health information. This work endeavours to serve as a guiding resource for the utilization of wearable plant sensors, empowering the advancement of plant health within the precision agriculture paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Hong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine ChemicalsGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Meng‐Zhao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jing‐Yi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yang‐Yang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine ChemicalsGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Chun‐Rong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine ChemicalsGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
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6
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Wang D, Luo S, Xu KD. A Flexible Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor for Pesticide Sensing and Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27969-27978. [PMID: 38752539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves have garnered significant interest across various fields, particularly in high-sensitivity sensing applications. Metamaterials can be employed in THz sensors, specifically for refractive index sensing and pesticide detection due to their high-sensitivity characteristics. In this Article, a dual-band flexible THz metamaterial sensor based on polyimide is proposed for refractive index and pesticide sensing, which is fabricated using ultraviolet (UV) lithography technology and measured by a THz time-domain spectroscope (TDS) system. The resonant frequencies of the sensor are at 0.37 and 1.13 THz, with transmission rates of 2.9% and 0.3%, respectively. With an analyte layer attached to the sensor's surface, the sensitivity of refractive index sensing can be calculated as 0.09 and 0.28 THz/RIU (refractive index unit) at the two resonant frequencies. In order to validate the exceptional pesticide sensing performance of the sensor, chlorpyrifos-methyl acetone solutions with various concentrations are added on it. Furthermore, a monolayer of graphene is coated on the sensor's surface, which is proved capable of improving pesticide sensing sensitivity at low concentrations due to strong π-π stacking interactions with π-electrons in chlorpyrifos-methyl solutions. Therefore, the graphene-coated sensor can be utilized in detecting pesticide solutions with low concentrations, and the sensor without graphene is preferred for high concentration detection. This work provides a novel option for the THz metamaterial sensor with high sensitivity covering a wide pesticide concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Siyuan Luo
- Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Kai-Da Xu
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Peng J, Lin X, Yan X, Yan X, Hu X, Yao H, Liang L, Ma G. Terahertz Biosensor Engineering Based on Quasi-BIC Metasurface with Ultrasensitive Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:799. [PMID: 38727393 PMCID: PMC11085241 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) sensors have attracted great attention in the biological field due to their nondestructive and contact-free biochemical samples. Recently, the concept of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) has gained significant attention in designing biosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. QBIC-based metasurfaces (MSs) achieve excellent performance in various applications, including sensing, optical switching, and laser, providing a reliable platform for biomaterial sensors with terahertz radiation. In this study, a structure-engineered THz MS consisting of a "double C" array has been designed, in which an asymmetry parameter α is introduced into the structure by changing the length of one subunit; the Q-factor of the QBIC device can be optimized by engineering the asymmetry parameter α. Theoretical calculation with coupling equations can well reproduce the THz transmission spectra of the designed THz QBIC MS obtained from the numerical simulation. Experimentally, we adopt an MS with α = 0.44 for testing arginine molecules. The experimental results show that different concentrations of arginine molecules lead to significant transmission changes near QBIC resonant frequencies, and the amplitude change is shown to be 16 times higher than that of the classical dipole resonance. The direct limit of detection for arginine molecules on the QBIC MS reaches 0.36 ng/mL. This work provides a new way to realize rapid, accurate, and nondestructive sensing of trace molecules and has potential application in biomaterial detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaona Yan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
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8
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Huang C, Liang L, Chang P, Yao H, Yan X, Zhang Y, Xie Y. Terahertz Liquid Biosensor Based on A Graphene Metasurface for Ultrasensitive Detection with A Quasi-Bound State in the Continuum. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310493. [PMID: 38033193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a quasi-bound state in a continuum (QBIC) has garnered significant attention in various fields such as sensing, communication, and optical switching. Within metasurfaces, QBICs offer a reliable platform that enables sensing capabilities through potent interactions between local electric fields and matter. Herein, a novel terahertz (THz) biosensor based on the integration of QBIC with graphene is reported, which enables multidimensional detection. The proposed biosensor is distinctive because of its ability to discern concentrations of ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone in a wide range from 100% to 0%, by monitoring the changes in the resonance intensity and maximum wavelet coefficient. This approach demonstrates an excellent linear fit, which ensures robust quantitative analysis. The remarkable sensitivity of our biosensor enables it to detect minute changes in low-concentration solutions, with the lowest detection concentration value (LDCV) of 0.21 pg mL-1 . 2D wavelet coefficient intensity cards are effectively constructed through continuous wavelet transforms, which presents a more accurate approach for determining the concentration of the solution. Ultimately, the novel sensing platform offers a host of advantages, including heightened sensitivity and reusability. This pioneering approach establishes a new avenue for liquid-based terahertz biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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9
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Zheng X, Guo L, Zhu C, Hu T, Gong X, Wu C, Wang G, Dong H, Hou Y. A robust electrochemical sensor based on AgNWs@MoS 2 for highly sensitive detection of thiabendazole residues in food samples. Food Chem 2024; 433:137304. [PMID: 37683473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiabendazole (TBZ), a highly toxic phosphorothioate insecticide commonly used in postharvest fruit management, has the potential to cause detrimental effects on human health as an endocrine disruptor. In this study, an electrochemical sensor was developed to detect TBZ by modifying MoS2 on silver nanowires (Ag NWs@MoS2) and integrating them onto a glassy carbon surface. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that TBZ underwent an irreversible, diffusion-controlled process on Ag NWs@MoS2, leading to a two-fold increase in peak current compared to unmodified MoS2. Square wave voltammetry facilitated TBZ detection, and the sensor exhibited a linear range of 0.05-10 μM with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9958) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.75 nM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). The sensor's applicability for food safety monitoring was verified through TBZ analysis in pear and apple samples, achieving recoveries of 95.5-103.6% with RSDs in the range of 1.98-3.25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 436800, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Lei Guo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 436800, China
| | - Chuanhui Zhu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 436800, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 436800, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Xinghou Gong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 436800, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Chonggang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 436800, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Guangjin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 52800, China.
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Yuanjing Hou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
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10
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Bi H, Yang M, You R. Advances in terahertz metasurface graphene for biosensing and application. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:63. [PMID: 37091985 PMCID: PMC10105365 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Based on the extraordinary electromagnetic properties of terahertz waves, such as broadband, low energy, high permeability, and biometric fingerprint spectra, terahertz sensors show great application prospects in the biochemical field. However, the sensitivity of terahertz sensing technology is increasingly required by modern sensing demands. With the development of terahertz technology and functional materials, graphene-based terahertz metasurface sensors with the advantages of high sensitivity, fingerprint identification, nondestructive and anti-interference are gradually gaining attention. In addition to providing ideas for terahertz biosensors, these devices have attracted in-depth research and development by scientists. An overview of graphene-based terahertz metasurfaces and their applications in the detection of biochemical molecules is presented. This includes sensor mechanism research, graphene metasurface index evaluation, protein and nucleic acid sensors, and other chemical molecule sensing. A comparative analysis of graphene, nanomaterials, silicon, and metals to develop material-integrated metasurfaces. Furthermore, a brief summary of the main performance results of this class of devices is presented, along with suggestions for improvements to the existing shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Maosheng Yang
- School of Electrical and Optoelectronic Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, 237012 China
| | - Rui You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, 100084, Beijing, China
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11
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Wu G, Wang W, Zhang R, Yan F, Liang L, Yan X, Yao H, Wang Z, Li Z, Xu L. Metamaterial graphene sensors for the detection of two food additives. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32162-32171. [PMID: 37859025 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is an important consideration for the food industry and for daily life, and food additives are essential in the modern food industry. Graphene-based metamaterial sensors are of great value and have potential applications in the detection of food additives, due to their ultra-sensitivity. This paper proposes a metasurface sensor consisting of graphene and dual elliptical ring resonators (Gr-DERRs) sensor for the detection of two common food additives. The limit of detection (LOD) for Sudan I solution is 581.43 fg/ml and, for taurine, 52.86 fg/ml. This ultra-sensitive detection is achieved by exploiting the unique electromagnetic properties of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance, together with the Fermi energy level of graphene moving to the Dirac point, resulting in a dramatic change in the dielectric environment. The Gr-DERRs sensor has brings significant improvement in the detection of food additives with detection limits reduced to the femtogram level.
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12
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Kim H, Haddadi Moghaddam M, Wang Z, Kim S, Lee D, Yang H, Jee M, Park D, Kim DS. Strain versus Tunable Terahertz Nanogap Width: A Simple Formula and a Trench below. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2526. [PMID: 37764555 PMCID: PMC10537752 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A flexible zerogap metallic structure is periodically formed, healing metal cracks on a flexible substrate. Zerogap is continuously tunable from nearly zero to one hundred nanometers by applying compressive strains on the flexible substrate. However, there have been few studies on how the gap width is related to the strain and periodicity, nor the mechanism of tunability itself. Here, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, we found that 200 nm-deep nano-trenches are periodically generated on the polymer substrate below the zerogap owing to the strain singularities extant between the first and the second metallic deposition layers. Terahertz and visible transmission properties are consistent with this picture whereby the outer-bending polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate controls the gap size linearly with the inverse of the radius of the curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
| | - Mahsa Haddadi Moghaddam
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
| | - Dukhyung Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
| | - Hyosim Yang
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
| | - Myongsoo Jee
- Quantum Republic Co., Ltd., Rm 805-6 Bldg 106, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Park
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
| | - Dai-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (H.K.)
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13
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Lee G, Cho Y, Ok G. Improved analysis of THz metamaterials for glucose sensing based on modified Lorentz dispersion model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122519. [PMID: 36812756 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resonant structures, such as metamaterials, which can focus electromagnetic fields on a localized spot, are essential to perform label-free detection with high sensitivity in the terahertz (THz) range. Moreover, the refractive index (RI) of a sensing analyte is the most important aspect in the optimization of the characteristics of a highly sensitive resonant structure. However, in previous studies, the sensitivity of metamaterials was calculated while considering the RI of an analyte as a constant value. Consequently, the result for a sensing material with a specific absorption spectrum was inaccurate. To solve this problem, this study developed a modified Lorentz model. Split-ring resonator-based metamaterials were fabricated to verify the model, and the glucose-sensing range from 0 to 500 mg/dL was measured using a commercial THz time-domain spectroscopy system. In addition, a finite-difference time-domain simulation was implemented based on the modified Lorentz model and fabrication design of the metamaterials. The calculation results were compared with the measurement results and were found to be consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuseok Lee
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongsik Ok
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Niu Y, Bi K, Li Q, Bi X, Zhou S, Fu W, Zhang S, Han S, Mu J, Geng W, Mei L, Chou X. Multilayer graphene-enabled structure based on Salisbury shielding effect for high-performance terahertz absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11547-11556. [PMID: 37155787 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sandwich-type structure based on Salisbury screen effect is a simple and effective strategy to acquire high-performance terahertz (THz) absorption. The number of sandwich layer is the key factor that affects the absorption bandwidth and intensity of THz wave. Traditional metal/insulant/metal (M/I/M) absorber is difficult to construct multilayer structure because of low light transmittance of the surface metal film. Graphene exhibits huge advantages including broadband light absorption, low sheet resistance and high optical transparency, which are useful for high-quality THz absorber. In this work, we proposed a series of multilayer metal/PI/graphene (M/PI/G) absorber based on graphene Salisbury shielding. Numerical simulation and experimental demonstration were provided to explain the mechanism of graphene as resistive film for strong electric field. And it is important to improve the overall absorption performance of the absorber. In addition, the number of resonance peaks is found to increase by increasing the thickness of the dielectric layer in this experiment. The absorption broadband of our device is around 160%, greater than those previously reported THz absorber. Finally, this experiment successfully prepared the absorber on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The absorber has high practical feasibility and can be easily integrated with the semiconductor technology to make high efficient THz-oriented devices.
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15
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Xu W, Fang W, Shi T, Ming X, Wang Y, Xie L, Peng L, Chen HT, Ying Y. Plasmonic Terahertz Devices and Sensors Based on Carbon Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12560-12569. [PMID: 36847242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tunable terahertz (THz) photonic devices are imperative in a wide range of applications ranging from THz signal modulation to molecular sensing. One of the currently prevailing methods is based on arrays of metallic or dielectric resonators integrated with functional materials in response to an external stimulus, in which for the purpose of sensing the external stimuli may introduce inadvertent undesirable effects into the target samples to be measured. Here we developed an alternative approach by postprocessing nanothickness macro-assembled graphene (nMAG) films with widely tunable THz conductivity, enabling versatile solid-state THz devices and sensors, showing multifunctional nMAG-based applications. The THz conductivities of free-standing nMAGs showed a broad range from 1.2 × 103 S/m in reduced graphene oxide before annealing to 4.0 × 106 S/m in a nMAG film annealed at 2800 °C. We fabricated nMAG/dielectric/metal and nMAG/dielectric/nMAG THz Salisbury absorbers with broad reflectance ranging from 0% to 80%. The highly conductive nMAG films enabled THz metasurfaces for sensing applications. Taking advantage of the resonant field enhancement arising from the plasmonic metasurface structures and the strong interactions between analyte molecules and nMAG films, we successfully detected diphenylamine with a limit of detection of 4.2 pg. Those wafer-scale nMAG films present promising potential in high-performance THz electronics, photonics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenzhang Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Teng Shi
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xin Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Peng
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hou-Tong Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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16
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Tan C, Wang S, Li S, Liu X, Wei J, Zhang G, Ye H. Cancer Diagnosis Using Terahertz-Graphene-Metasurface-Based Biosensor with Dual-Resonance Response. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213889. [PMID: 36364665 PMCID: PMC9654090 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the outstanding physical properties of graphene, its biosensing applications implemented by the terahertz metasurface are widely concerned and studied. Here, we present a novel design of the graphene metasurface, which consists of an individual graphene ring and an H-shaped graphene structure. The graphene metasurface exhibits a dual-resonance response, whose resonance frequency strongly varies with the geometrical parameters of the proposed metasurface, the carrier density of graphene, and the analyte composition. The transparency window, including width and position, can be artificially controlled by adjusting the geometrical parameters or the Fermi energy. Furthermore, the sensing parameters of the graphene metasurface for cancerous and normal cells are investigated, focusing on two factors, namely cell quantity and position on the metasurface. The simulated results clearly show that the theoretical sensitivity, figure of merit, and quantity of the graphene metasurface for breast cells reach 1.21 THz/RIU, 2.75 RIU-1, and 2.43, respectively. Our findings may open up new avenues for promising applications in the diagnosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Tan
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huaiyu Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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17
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Yang M, Yao H, Lu Y, Li P, Du B, Ma Q, Liu D, Zhang T, Fang J, Wang T, Yan X, Zhang G, Liang L, Yang Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Dai Z, Zhang J, Ye Y, Song X, Zhang H, Ren X, Yao J. Graphene-integrated toroidal resonance metasurfaces used for picogram-level detection of chlorothalonil in the terahertz region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34034-34042. [PMID: 36242425 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toroidal dipole resonance can significantly reduce radiation loss of materials, potentially improving sensor sensitivity. Generally, toroidal dipole response is suppressed by electric and magnetic dipoles in natural materials, making it difficult to observe experimentally. However, as 2D metamaterials, metasurfaces can weaken the electric and magnetic dipole, enhancing toroidal dipole response. Here, we propose a new graphene-integrated toroidal resonance metasurface as an ultra-sensitive chemical sensor, capable of qualitative detection of chlorothalonil in the terahertz region, down to a detection limit of 100 pg/mL. Our results demonstrate graphene-integrated toroidal resonance metasurfaces as a promising basis for ultra-sensitive, qualitative detection in chemical and biological sensing.
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18
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Pesticide detection with covalent-organic-framework nanofilms at terahertz band. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 209:114274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Lu X, Ge H, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. A Dual-Band High-Sensitivity THz Metamaterial Sensor Based on Split Metal Stacking Ring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070471. [PMID: 35884274 PMCID: PMC9313385 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz)-detection technology has been proven to be an effective and rapid non-destructive detection approach in biomedicine, quality control, and safety inspection, among other applications. However, the sensitivity of such a detection method is limited due to the insufficient power of the terahertz source and the low content, or ambiguous characteristics, of the analytes to be measured. Metamaterial (MM) is an artificial structure in which periodic sub-wavelength units are arranged in a regular manner, resulting in extraordinary characteristics beyond those possessed by natural materials. It is an effective method to improve the ability of terahertz spectroscopy detection by utilizing the metamaterial as a sensor. In this paper, a dual-band, high-sensitivity THz MM sensor based on the split metal stacking ring resonator (SMSRR) is proposed. The appliance exhibited two resonances at 0.97 and 2.88 THz in the range of 0.1 to 3 THz, realizing multi-point matching between the resonance frequency and the characteristic frequency of the analytes, which was able to improve the reliability and detection sensitivity of the system. The proposed sensor has good sensing performance at both resonant frequencies and can achieve highest sensitivities of 304 GHz/RIU and 912 GHz/RIU with an appropriate thickness of the analyte. Meanwhile, the advantage of multi-point matching of the proposed sensor has been validated by distinguishing four edible oils based on their different refractive indices and demonstrating that the characteristics obtained in different resonant frequency bands are consistent. This work serves as a foundation for future research on band extension and multi-point feature matching in terahertz detection, potentially paving the way for the development of high-sensitivity THz MM sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Lu
- PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hongyi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.G.); (Y.J.)
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.G.); (Y.J.)
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wang L, An N, He X, Zhang X, Zhu A, Yao B, Zhang Y. Dynamic and Active THz Graphene Metamaterial Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122097. [PMID: 35745433 PMCID: PMC9228136 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, terahertz waves have attracted significant attention for their promising applications. Due to a broadband optical response, an ultra-fast relaxation time, a high nonlinear coefficient of graphene, and the flexible and controllable physical characteristics of its meta-structure, graphene metamaterial has been widely explored in interdisciplinary frontier research, especially in the technologically important terahertz (THz) frequency range. Here, graphene’s linear and nonlinear properties and typical applications of graphene metamaterial are reviewed. Specifically, the discussion focuses on applications in optically and electrically actuated terahertz amplitude, phase, and harmonic generation. The review concludes with a brief examination of potential prospects and trends in graphene metamaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China;
| | - Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Xusheng He
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ao Zhu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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21
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Rapid Analysis of Fruit Acids by Laser-Engraved Free-Standing Terahertz Metamaterials. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Qiu Y, Wang J, Xiao M, Lang T. Broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber: design and fabrication. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:10055-10061. [PMID: 34807109 DOI: 10.1364/ao.440457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a broadband terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber based on a symmetrical L-shaped metallic resonator. The absorber structure produces two absorption peaks at 0.491 and 0.73 THz, with the absorption rates of 98.6% and 99.6%, respectively. Broadband absorption was obtained from 0.457 to 1 THz, achieving a >90% absorption bandwidth of 0.543 THz. By analyzing the distributions of the electric and magnetic field at the two resonance frequencies, electric and magnetic dipole resonances were proposed to explain the broadband absorption mechanism. Furthermore, various widths and lengths of the symmetrical L-shaped metallic resonator on the absorption characteristics were investigated. Moreover, the broadband absorption characteristic can be maintained with an incident angle of up to 45° for transverse-electric and 30° for transverse-magnetic polarization. Finally, we experimentally observed a >70% broadband absorption characteristic from 0.42 to 1 THz. This proposed absorber has the potential for bolometric imaging, modulating, and spectroscopy in the THz region.
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23
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Luo S, Hao J, Ye F, Li J, Ruan Y, Cui H, Liu W, Chen L. Evolution of the Electromagnetic Manipulation: From Tunable to Programmable and Intelligent Metasurfaces. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:988. [PMID: 34442610 PMCID: PMC8399928 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Looking back on the development of metamaterials in the past 20 years, metamaterials have gradually developed from three-dimensional complex electromagnetic structures to a two-dimensional metasurface with a low profile, during which a series of subversive achievements have been produced. The form of electromagnetic manipulation of the metasurface has evolved from passive to active tunable, programmable, and other dynamic and real-time controllable forms. In particular, the proposal of coding and programmable metasurfaces endows metasurfaces with new vitality. By describing metamaterials through binary code, the digital world and the physical world are connected, and the research of metasurfaces also steps into a new era of digitalization. However, the function switch of traditional programmable metamaterials cannot be achieved without human instruction and control. In order to achieve richer and more flexible function regulation and even higher level metasurface design, the intelligence of metamaterials is an important direction in its future development. In this paper, we review the development of tunable, programmable, and intelligent metasurfaces over the past 5 years, focusing on basic concepts, working principles, design methods, manufacturing, and experimental validation. Firstly, several manipulation modes of tunable metasurfaces are discussed; in particular, the metasurfaces based on temperature control, mechanical control, and electrical control are described in detail. It is demonstrated that the amplitude and phase responses can be flexibly manipulated by the tunable metasurfaces. Then, the concept, working principle, and design method of digital coding metasurfaces are briefly introduced. At the same time, we introduce the active programmable metasurfaces from the following aspects, such as structure, coding method, and three-dimensional far-field results, to show the excellent electromagnetic manipulation ability of programmable metasurfaces. Finally, the basic concepts and research status of intelligent metasurfaces are discussed in detail. Different from the previous programmable metamaterials, which must be controlled by human intervention, the new intelligent metamaterials control system will realize autonomous perception, autonomous decision-making, and even adaptive functional manipulation to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Luo
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (F.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Jianjiao Hao
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (F.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Fuju Ye
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (F.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (F.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Ying Ruan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (F.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Haoyang Cui
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (F.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Finemade Microelectronics, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (F.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.R.); (H.C.)
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24
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Zhou J, Zhao X, Huang G, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhan X, Tian H, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Fu W. Molecule-Specific Terahertz Biosensors Based on an Aptamer Hydrogel-Functionalized Metamaterial for Sensitive Assays in Aqueous Environments. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1884-1890. [PMID: 33979138 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metamaterial-inspired terahertz (THz) biosensors are devoted to developing high-sensitivity and label-free biosensing strategies. However, most meaningful molecular signals are obscured by the strong THz absorption of solvent water. Most reported THz biosensors require the tested samples to be tediously dried or replaced with a low-absorption medium, which impairs the original bioactivity and the distribution homogeneity of targets. As described in this proposed strategy, a molecule-specific THz biosensor was fabricated from an aptamer hydrogel-functionalized THz metamaterial. Benefitting from the strong interaction with the localized electric field of the metamaterial, trace thrombin-induced variations in the hydration state of the hydrogel can be sensitively probed, which was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The optimized THz biosensor exhibited remarkable specificity for actual serum sample assays and excellent sensitivity, with a relatively low detection limit of 0.40 pM in the human serum matrix. The proposed strategy could serve as a model system to develop various molecule-specific THz biosensors for aqueous molecule sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guorong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinyu Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Wang J, Lang T, Hong Z, Xiao M, Yu J. Design and Fabrication of a Triple-Band Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051110. [PMID: 33922986 PMCID: PMC8146610 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We presented and manufactured a triple-band terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber with three concentric square ring metallic resonators, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer, and a metallic substrate. The simulation results demonstrate that the absorptivity of 99.5%, 86.4%, and 98.4% can be achieved at resonant frequency of 0.337, 0.496, and 0.718 THz, respectively. The experimental results show three distinct absorption peaks at 0.366, 0.512, and 0.751 THz, which is mostly agreement with the simulation. We analyzed the absorption mechanism from the distribution of electric and magnetic fields. The sensitivity of the three peaks of this triple-band absorber to the surrounding is 72, 103.5, 139.5 GHz/RIU, respectively. In addition, the absorber is polarization insensitive because of the symmetric configuration. The absorber can simultaneously exhibit high absorption effect at incident angles up to 60° for transverse electric (TE) polarization and 70° for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. This presented terahertz metamaterial absorber with a triple-band absorption and easy fabrication can find important applications in biological sensing, THz imaging, filter and optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.W.); (M.X.); (J.Y.)
| | - Tingting Lang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.W.); (M.X.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhi Hong
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Meiyu Xiao
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.W.); (M.X.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jing Yu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.W.); (M.X.); (J.Y.)
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Levine M. Fluorescence-Based Sensing of Pesticides Using Supramolecular Chemistry. Front Chem 2021; 9:616815. [PMID: 33937184 PMCID: PMC8085505 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.616815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of pesticides in real-world environments is a high priority for a broad range of applications, including in areas of public health, environmental remediation, and agricultural sustainability. While many methods for pesticide detection currently exist, the use of supramolecular fluorescence-based methods has significant practical advantages. Herein, we will review the use of fluorescence-based pesticide detection methods, with a particular focus on supramolecular chemistry-based methods. Illustrative examples that show how such methods have achieved success in real-world environments are also included, as are areas highlighted for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Levine
- Ariel University, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel, Israel
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