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Kim K, Kim M, Lee H, Chung DW, Kim J. Multi-Functional PEDOT:PSS as the Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402341. [PMID: 38795003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), particularly in its complex form with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), stands out as a prominent example of an organic conductor. Renowned for its exceptional conductivity, substantial light transmissibility, water processability, and remarkable flexibility, PEDOT:PSS has earned its reputation as a leading conductive polymer. This study explores the unique effects of two additives, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on the PSS component of PEDOT:PSS films are shown. Both additives induce grain size growth, while DGEBA makes the PEDOT:PSS layer hydrophobic, which acts as a passivation to protect the perovskite layer, which is vulnerable to moisture. The other additive, DMSO, separates the PSS groups, resulting in increased conductivity through the free movement of holes. With these multi-modified p-type PEDOT:PSS, the ITO/M-PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/PCBM/Ag structured reverse structure solar cell has improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 15.28% to 17.80% compared to the control cell with conventional PEDOT:PSS. It also maintains 90% for 500 h at 60 °C and 300 h at 1 sun illuminating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Dae-Won Chung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, South Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
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2
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Wang B, Liu F, Feng F, Zhang X, Liang Y, Wang W, Guo H, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Wu C, Zheng S. Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Nanocrystals as Interface Modification Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4512-4520. [PMID: 38579125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals are advantageous for interfacial passivation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but the insulating long alkyl chain surface ligands impede the charge transfer, while the conventional ligand exchange would possibly introduce surface defects to the nanocrystals. In this work, we reported novel in situ modification of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals using a short chain conjugated molecule 2-methoxyphenylethylammonium iodide (2-MeO-PEAI) for interfacial passivation of PSCs. Transmission electron microscopy studies with atomic resolution unveil the transformation from cubic CsPbBr3 to Ruddlesden-Popper phase (RPP) nanocrystals due to halogen exchange. Synergic passivation by the RPP nanocrystals and 2-MeO-PEA+ has led to suppressed interface defects and enhanced charge carrier transport. Consequently, PSCs with in situ modified RPP nanocrystals achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.39%, along with an improvement in stability. This work brings insights into the microstructural evolution of perovskite nanocrystals, providing a novel and feasible approach for interfacial passivation of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Fanxiu Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yuchao Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Huichao Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yan Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Cuncun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shijian Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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Zhang X, Einhaus L, Huijser A, ten Elshof JE. Manipulation of Crystal Orientation and Phase Distribution of Quasi-2D Perovskite through Synergistic Effect of Additive Doping and Spacer Engineering. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5246-5259. [PMID: 38429861 PMCID: PMC10951954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The diammonium precursor 1,4-phenylenedimethanammonium (PDMA) was used as a large organic spacer for the preparation of Dion-Jacobson-type quasi-2D perovskites (PDMA)(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (MA = methylammonium). Films with composition ⟨n⟩ = 5 comprised randomly orientated grains and multiple microstructural domains with locally differing n values. However, by mixing the Dion-Jacobson-type spacer PDMA and the Ruddlesden-Popper-type spacer propylammonium (PA), the crystal orientation in both the vertical and the horizonal directions became regulated. High crystallinity owing to well-matched interlayer distances was observed. Combining this spacer-engineering approach with the addition of methylammonium chloride (MACl) led to full vertical alignment of the crystal orientation. Moreover, the microstructural domains at the substrate interface changed from low-n (n = 1, 2, 3) to high-n (n = 4, 5), which may be beneficial for hole extraction at the interface between perovskite and hole transport layer due to a more finely tuned band alignment. Our work sheds light on manipulating the crystallization behavior of quasi-2D perovskite and further paves the way for highly stable and efficient perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Inorganic
Materials Science Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Einhaus
- PhotoCatalytic
Synthesis Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500
AE Enschede, The
Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- PhotoCatalytic
Synthesis Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500
AE Enschede, The
Netherlands
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Irannejad N, Rezaei B, Ensafi AA. Self-healing 2D/3D perovskite for efficient and stable p-i-n perovskite solar cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136893. [PMID: 36272622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the p-i-n perovskite solar cell's high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), its moisture instability is the most challenging factor in its commercialization. Recently, the innovative use of three and two-dimensional multi-structures, by creating a barrier against the penetration of moisture and oxygen, has played a very influential role in improving the PSC's long-term stability. Here, a new strategy, the anti-solvent quenching method, is used to construct multi-structure perovskite by involving cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as an active agent. The solar cell efficiency is significantly improved during the perovskite formation on the substrate by creating a multidimensional (2D/3D) heterojunction perovskite. The synergistic role of using 2D/3D heterojunction perovskite structures led to the 29.2% improvement (14.58-18.84) in the PCE. The attractive ability of the 2D/3D active layer in self-healing has increased the perovskite's long-term stability under harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Irannejad
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Hu P, Huang S, Guo M, Li Y, Wei M. Ionic Liquid-Assisted Crystallization and Defect Passivation for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200819. [PMID: 35642752 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite materials have demonstrated many excellent properties in next-generation photovoltaic devices, but the intrinsic defects and the quality of perovskite film still limit the performance and stability of PSCs. Here, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide (DMII) ionic liquid was employed as an additive to passivate the various defects and produce the high-quality perovskite film with enlarged grain sizes. DMII could act as an "ionic stabilizer" for passivating the point defects including the vacancies defects of organic cations and halogen anions of perovskite. At the same time, the extra problematic PbI2 on surfaces and at grain boundaries of the perovskite film could also be reacted by DMII, leading to the reduction of recombination centers and trap states. On the other hand, the DMII ionic liquid with a "Ostwald ripening effect" could retard the crystallization process of perovskite crystals and yield better film quality with higher crystallinity, smoother morphology and larger grains. As a result, the optimal device achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.4 %. Particularly, the modified devices demonstrated a significant elevation in open-circuit voltage from 1.03 to 1.10 V. The hydrophobicity of perovskite films modified by DMII was enhanced and the un-encapsulated DMII devices retained 91 % of their initial PCE after aging 60 days under 15±5 % relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Minghuang Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Mingdeng Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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Improved Perovskite Structural Stability by Halogen Bond from Excessive Lead Iodide via Numerical Simulation. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The short lifetime of perovskite solar cell devices limits the application of the technique, which is yet to be resolved, despite many attempts. An important step is made here by the numerical modelling method, which reveals the decomposition kinetics under the protection of halogen bonds from excess PbI2. Irregular diffusion behaviour of water molecules is observed when excessive PbI2 is introduced, possibly due to the passivation and hindrance from the halogen bond, resulting in a lifetime enhancement of at least five times. The detailed kinetics are also obtained by analyzing the decomposition rate curve, offering a possible path towards high-stability PCE perovskite solar devices, by increasing the PbI2 concentration to above the threshold, which opens an unprecedented route in perovskite solar cell research, and is, hopefully, of intrinsic interest to the broad materials research community as well.
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Hu B, Zhang J, Guo Z, Lu L, Li P, Chen M, Li C. Manipulating Ion Migration and Interfacial Carrier Dynamics via Amino Acid Treatment in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15840-15848. [PMID: 35319867 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Instability caused by the migrating ions is one of the major obstacles toward the large-scale application of metal halide perovskite optoelectronics. Inactivating mobile ions/defects via chemical passivation, e.g., amino acid treatment, is a widely accepted approach to solve that problem. To investigate the detailed interplay, L-phenylalanine (PAA), a typical amino acid, is used to modify the SnO2/MAPbI3 interface. The champion device with PAA treatment maintains 80% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) when stored after 528 h in an ambient condition with the relative humidity exceeding 70%. By employing a wide-field photoluminescence imaging microscope to visualize the ion movement and calculate ionic mobility quantitatively, we propose a model for enhanced stability in perspective of suppressed ion migration. Besides, we reveal that the PAA dipole layer facilitates charge transfer at the interface, enhancing the PCE of devices. Our work may provide an in-depth understanding toward high-efficiency and stable perovskite optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beier Hu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Zhongli Guo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Lu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Puyang Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
- Future Display Institute of Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
- Future Display Institute of Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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8
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Probing Surface Information of Alloy by Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) has been widely employed to acquire surface information of materials. Here, we investigated the alloy surface by combining the mass spectra and 2D mapping images of ToF-SIMS. We found by surprise that these two results seem to be inconsistent with each other. Therefore, other surface characteristic tools such as SEM-EDS were further used to provide additional supports. The results indicated that such differences may originate from the variance of secondary ion yields, which might be affected by crystal orientation.
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Li H, Wines D, Chen B, Yumigeta K, Sayyad YM, Kopaszek J, Yang S, Ataca C, Sargent EH, Tongay S. Abnormal Phase Transition and Band Renormalization of Guanidinium-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44964-44971. [PMID: 34519195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted much interest owing to their superior solar conversion performance, environmental stability, and excitonic properties compared to their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts. Among reduced-dimensional perovskites, guanidinium-based perovskites crystallize in layered one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D). Here, our studies demonstrate how the dimensionality of the hybrid perovskite influences the chemical and physical properties under different pressures (i.e., bond distance, angle, vdW distance). Comprehensive studies show that 1D GuaPbI3 does not undergo a phase transition even up to high pressures (∼13 GPa) and its band gap monotonically reduces with pressure. In contrast, 2D Gua2PbI4 exhibits an early phase transition at 5.5 GPa and its band gap follow nonmonotonic pressure response associated with phase transition as well as other bond angle changes. Computational simulations reveal that the phase transition is related to the structural deformation and rotation of PbI6 octahedra in 2D Gua2PbI4 owing to a larger degree of freedom of deformation. The soft lattice allows them to uptake large pressures, which renders structural phase transitions possible. Overall the results offer the first insights into how layered perovskites with different dimensionality respond to structural changes driven by pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Daniel Wines
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Kentaro Yumigeta
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yasir Mohammed Sayyad
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jan Kopaszek
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sui Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Can Ataca
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Ghimire S, Klinke C. Two-dimensional halide perovskites: synthesis, optoelectronic properties, stability, and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12394-12422. [PMID: 34240087 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are promising materials for light-emitting and light-harvesting applications. In this context, two-dimensional perovskites such as nanoplatelets or Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson layered structures are important because of their structural flexibility, electronic confinement, and better stability. This review article brings forth an extensive overview of the recent developments of two-dimensional halide perovskites both in the colloidal and non-colloidal forms. We outline the strategy to synthesize and control the shape and discuss different crystalline phases and optoelectronic properties. We review the applications of two-dimensional perovskites in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and photocatalysis. Besides, we also emphasize the moisture, thermal, and photostability of these materials in comparison to their three-dimensional analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Ghimire
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Abstract
The instabilities of perovskite solar cells hinder their commercialisation. To resolve this problem, a one-dimensional (1D) perovskitoid, PyPbI3, was fabricated, and its structure and photovoltaic performance were investigated in this work. XPS and FTIR results suggest hydrogen bonds existed in the 1D hexagonal PyPbI3. Stability measurements indicate that 1D perovskitoid is much more stable than the commonly employed FA-based perovskite. In addition, solar cells adopting PyPbI3 as an absorbing layer led to a device lifetime of one month. Our results suggest that 1D perovskitoid has great potential to be employed in solar cells.
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