1
|
Zhao J, Feng T, Lu G. Deep Learning Potential Assisted Prediction of Local Structure and Thermophysical Properties of the SrCl 2-KCl-MgCl 2 Melt. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:7611-7623. [PMID: 39195736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The local structure and thermophysical properties of SrCl2-KCl-MgCl2 melt were revealed by deep potential molecular dynamicsdriven by machine learning to facilitate the development of molten salt electrolytic Mg-Sr alloys. The short- and intermediate-range order of the SrCl2-KCl-MgCl2 melts was explored through radial distribution functions and structure factors, respectively, and their component and temperature dependence were discussed comprehensively. In the MgCl2-rich system, the intermediate-range order is more pronounced, and its evolution with temperature exhibits a non-Debye-Waller behavior. Mg-Cl is dominated by 4,5 coordination and Sr-Cl by 6,7 coordination, and their coordination geometries exhibit distorted octahedra and distorted pentagonal bipyramids, respectively. A database of thermophysical properties of SrCl2-KCl-MgCl2 melts, including density, self-diffusion coefficient, viscosity, and ionic conductivity, was thus developed, covering the temperature range from 873 to 1173 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Joint International Laboratory for Potassium and Lithium Strategic Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Taixi Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Joint International Laboratory for Potassium and Lithium Strategic Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guimin Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Joint International Laboratory for Potassium and Lithium Strategic Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun J, Huang H, Wu H, Lin Y, Yang C, Ge M, Qian Y, Fu X, Liu H. HT-NMR Studies of the Be-F Coordination Structure in FNaBe and FLiBe Mixed Salts. JACS AU 2024; 4:2211-2219. [PMID: 38938815 PMCID: PMC11200241 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Molten NaF-BeF2 salt is widely considered a promising candidate to replace FLiBe in molten salt reactor applications, which is crucial to reducing the operating costs of the molten salt reactor. Studies on beryllium compounds are rarely conducted due to their volatility and high toxicity. Herein, the Be-F coordination structure of NaF/BeF2 mixed salts was investigated in-depth through various HT-NMR and solid-state NMR methods, which are optimized to be appropriate for the detection of beryllium compounds. It was found that Na2BeF4 and NaBeF3 crystals were transformed into amorphous tetrahedral coordinated networks when there was an increase in the BeF2 concentration in the mixed salts. The main coordinate structure comparisons between FNaBe and FLiBe were analyzed, which exhibit high similarity due to the covalent effect of Be-F bonding, demonstrating the theoretical feasibility of applying FNaBe salts as a substitute for FLiBe in MSR systems. In addition, the transition from the crystal phase to the amorphous phase occurred at a lower BeF2 concentration for FNaBe than that for FLiBe. This was further verified by the results of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation that FNaBe melts had more disordered structures, thus causing slight changes in their physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Sun
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Huiyan Wu
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yushuang Lin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chengkai Yang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaobin Fu
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Xu T, Gong Y. Compositional transferability of deep potential in molten LiF-BeF 2 and LaF 3 mixtures: prediction of density, viscosity, and local structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12044-12052. [PMID: 38578045 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of lanthanide fission products carries the risk of altering the structure and properties of the nuclear fuel carrier salt LiF-BeF2 (Flibe), thereby downgrading the operating efficiency and safety of the molten salt reactor. However, the condition-limited experimental measurements, spatiotemporal-limited first-principles calculations, and accuracy-limited classical dynamic simulations are unable to capture the precise local structure and reliable thermophysical properties of heterogeneous molten salts. Therefore, the deep potential (DP) of LaF3 and Flibe molten mixtures is developed here, and DP molecular dynamics simulations are performed to systemically study the densities, diffusion coefficients, viscosities, radial distribution functions and coordination numbers of multiple molten Flibe + xLaF3, the quantitative relationships between these properties and LaF3 concentration are investigated, and the potential structure-property relationships are analyzed. Eventually, the transferability of DP on molten Flibe + LaF3 with different formulations as well as the predictability of structures and properties are achieved at the nanometer spatial scale and the nanosecond timescale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingrui Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xing Z, Zhao S, Guo W, Guo X, Wang S, Li M, Wang Y, He H. Analyzing point cloud of coal mining process in much dust environment based on dynamic graph convolution neural network. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4044-4061. [PMID: 35963970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental perception is an important research direction of coal mine sustainable development. There is much dust in the underground working environment of coal mine. This study is to identify the marker (ball) in the coal mine, which provides a basic to convert the coordinate of large-scale fully mechanized mining face point cloud to the geodetic coordinate. Firstly, in the face of the phenomenon that the uneven distribution of underground point cloud is more serious, this study further has studied on the basis of complete and incomplete geometry point cloud and generated multi-density geometry point cloud for the first time. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the geometric features of underground point cloud are not obvious enough, this study has increased the weight of point cloud normal vector in the training process of network model, so that the network model is more sensitive to different geometric features. Finally, this study has used a variety of advanced deep neural networks to directly analyze point clouds to verify the proposed method. The results show that the method proposed in this study has been combined with the dynamic graph convolution neural network (DGCNN) established earlier, which can more accurately identify the ball in tens of millions of the point clouds of coal mining process. Most importantly, this work is not only of great significance to improve the production efficiency and safety in fully mechanized mining face but also lays a foundation for realizing intelligence in the mining field and avoiding the harm of dust explosion and other accidents to workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Xing
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shuanfeng Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Shenquan Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Haitao He
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shendong Coal Group Co., Ltd. of National Energy Group, Yulin, 719315, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chahal R, Roy S, Brehm M, Banerjee S, Bryantsev V, Lam ST. Transferable Deep Learning Potential Reveals Intermediate-Range Ordering Effects in LiF-NaF-ZrF 4 Molten Salt. JACS AU 2022; 2:2693-2702. [PMID: 36590259 PMCID: PMC9795562 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
LiF-NaF-ZrF4 multicomponent molten salts are promising candidate coolants for advanced clean energy systems owing to their desirable thermophysical and transport properties. However, the complex structures enabling these properties, and their dependence on composition, is scarcely quantified due to limitations in simulating and interpreting experimental spectra of highly disordered, intermediate-ranged structures. Specifically, size-limited ab initio simulations and accuracy-limited classical models used in the past are unable to capture a wide range of fluctuating motifs found in the extended heterogeneous structures of liquid salt. This greatly inhibits our ability to design tailored compositions and materials. Here, accurate, efficient, and transferable machine learning potentials are used to predict structures far beyond the first coordination shell in LiF-NaF-ZrF4. Neural networks trained at only eutectic compositions with 29% and 37% ZrF4 are shown to accurately simulate a wide range of compositions (11-40% ZrF4) with dramatically different coordination chemistries, while showing a remarkable agreement with theoretical and experimental Raman spectra. The theoretical Raman calculations further uncovered the previously unseen shift and flattening of bending band at ∼250 cm-1 which validated the simulated extended-range structures as observed in compositions with higher than 29% ZrF4 content. In such cases, machine learning-based simulations capable of accessing larger time and length scales (beyond 17 Å) were critical for accurately predicting both structure and ionic diffusivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Chahal
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| | - Santanu Roy
- Chemical
Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
| | - Martin Brehm
- Martin-Luther-Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Halle
(Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Shubhojit Banerjee
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| | - Vyacheslav Bryantsev
- Chemical
Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
| | - Stephen T. Lam
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Attarian S, Morgan D, Szlufarska I. Thermophysical properties of FLiBe using moment tensor potentials. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Mondal A, Kussainova D, Yue S, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Modeling Chemical Reactions in Alkali Carbonate-Hydroxide Electrolytes with Deep Learning Potentials. J Chem Theory Comput 2022. [PMID: 36239670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed a deep potential machine learning model for simulations of chemical reactions in molten alkali carbonate-hydroxide electrolyte containing dissolved CO2, using an active learning procedure. We tested the deep neural network (DNN) potential and training procedure against reaction kinetics, chemical composition, and diffusion coefficients obtained from density functional theory (DFT) molecular dynamics calculations. The DNN potential was found to match DFT results for the structural, transport, and short-time chemical reactions in the melt. Using the DNN potential, we extended the time scales of observation to 2 ns in systems containing thousands of atoms, while preserving quantum chemical accuracy. This allowed us to reach chemical equilibrium with respect to several chemical species in the melt. The approach can be generalized for a broad spectrum of chemically reactive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat382355, India
| | - Dina Kussainova
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Shuwen Yue
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi Y, Lam ST, Beck TL. Deep neural network based quantum simulations and quasichemical theory for accurate modeling of molten salt thermodynamics. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8265-8273. [PMID: 35919729 PMCID: PMC9297527 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With dual goals of efficient and accurate modeling of solvation thermodynamics in molten salt liquids, we employ ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, deep neural network interatomic potentials (NNIP), and quasichemical theory (QCT) to calculate the excess chemical potentials for the solute ions Na+ and Cl- in the molten NaCl liquid. NNIP-based molecular dynamics simulations accelerate the calculations by 3 orders of magnitude and reduce the uncertainty to 1 kcal mol-1. Using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level of theory, the predicted excess chemical potential for the solute ion pair is -178.5 ± 1.1 kcal mol-1. A quantum correction of 13.7 ± 1.9 kcal mol-1 is estimated via higher-level quantum chemistry calculations, leading to a final predicted ion pair excess chemical potential of -164.8 ± 2.2 kcal mol-1. The result is in good agreement with a value of -163.5 kcal mol-1 obtained from thermo-chemical tables. This study validates the application of QCT and NNIP simulations to the molten salt liquids, allowing for significant insights into the solvation thermodynamics crucial for numerous molten salt applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Stephen T Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Thomas L Beck
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang W, Lu G, Yu J. Machine Learning Accelerates Molten Salt Simulations: Thermal Conductivity of MgCl
2
‐NaCl Eutectic. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Liang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Guimin Lu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Porter T, Vaka MM, Steenblik P, Della Corte D. Computational methods to simulate molten salt thermophysical properties. Commun Chem 2022; 5:69. [PMID: 36697757 PMCID: PMC9814384 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molten salts are important thermal conductors used in molten salt reactors and solar applications. To use molten salts safely, accurate knowledge of their thermophysical properties is necessary. However, it is experimentally challenging to measure these properties and a comprehensive evaluation of the full chemical space is unfeasible. Computational methods provide an alternative route to access these properties. Here, we summarize the developments in methods over the last 70 years and cluster them into three relevant eras. We review the main advances and limitations of each era and conclude with an optimistic perspective for the next decade, which will likely be dominated by emerging machine learning techniques. This article is aimed to help researchers in peripheral scientific domains understand the current challenges of molten salt simulation and identify opportunities to contribute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talmage Porter
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Michael M. Vaka
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Parker Steenblik
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Dennis Della Corte
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodriguez A, Lam S, Hu M. Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of LiF and FLiBe Molten Salts with Deep Learning Potentials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55367-55379. [PMID: 34767334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molten salts have attracted interest as potential heat carriers and/or fuel solvents in the development of new Gen IV nuclear reactor designs, high-temperature batteries, and thermal energy storage. In nuclear engineering, salts containing lithium fluoride-based compounds are of particular interest due to their ability to lower the melting points of mixtures and their compatibility with alloys. A machine learning potential (MLP) combined with a molecular dynamics study is performed on two popular molten salts, namely, LiF (50% Li) and FLiBe (66% LiF and 33% BeF2), to predict the thermodynamic and transport properties, such as density, diffusion coefficients, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and shear viscosity. Due to the large possibilities of atomic environments, we employ training using Deep Potential Smooth Edition (DPSE) neural networks to learn from large datasets of 141,278 structures with 70 atoms for LiF and 238,610 structures with 91 atoms for FLiBe molten salts. These networks are then deployed in fast molecular dynamics to predict the thermodynamic and transport properties that are only accessible at longer time scales and are otherwise difficult to calculate with classical potentials, ab initio molecular dynamics, or experiments. The prospect of this work is to provide guidance for future works to develop general MLPs for high-throughput thermophysical database generation for a wide spectrum of molten salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|