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Murray P, Werth H, Sullivan S, Riley BJ, Simpson M, Lonergan C, Carlson K. Phosphate-Based Dechlorination of Electrorefiner Salt Waste using a Phosphoric Acid Precursor. ACS Omega 2024; 9:19395-19400. [PMID: 38708232 PMCID: PMC11064043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical processing of spent nuclear fuel in molten chloride salts results in radioactive salt waste. Chlorine removal from the salt has been identified as an effective and efficient first step in the management of high-level waste. In this work, a simple salt was dechlorinated with a phosphoric acid phosphate precursor, resulting in a glassy dechlorinated product. The dechlorination efficacy was evaluated in air and argon environments. This work serves as an initial step to advance the Technological Readiness Level of H3PO4-based dechlorination step toward implementation of iron phosphate waste forms to immobilize electrochemical fuel reprocessing salt waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Murray
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, 1664 N Virginal St, Reno, Nevada 89557, United
States
| | - Harmony Werth
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, 1664 N Virginal St, Reno, Nevada 89557, United
States
| | - Sean Sullivan
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, 1664 N Virginal St, Reno, Nevada 89557, United
States
| | - Brian J. Riley
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael Simpson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Utah Ringgold Standard Institution, 201 Presidents Circle, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112-9057, United States
| | - Charmayne Lonergan
- Missouri
University of Science and Technology Ringgold Standard Institution, 1870 miner Circle, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Krista Carlson
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, 1664 N Virginal St, Reno, Nevada 89557, United
States
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2
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George J, Salcedo R, Greenberg R, Elshendidi H, McGregor D, Burton-Pye B, Francesconi LC, Paulenova A, Gelis AV, Poineau F. Speciation of Technetium Dibutylphosphate in the Third Phase Formed in the TBP/HNO 3 Solvent Extraction System. ACS Omega 2024; 9:15527-15534. [PMID: 38585070 PMCID: PMC10993392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The speciation of technetium in the nitric acid/dibutylphosphoric acid (HDBP)-n-dodecane system was studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and theoretical methods. Tetravalent technetium, produced by the hydrazine reduction of TcO4- in 3 M HNO3, was extracted by HDBP in n-dodecane (30% by volume). During extraction, the splitting of the organic phase into a heavy phase and a light phase was observed. EXAFS analysis is consistent with the presence of Tc(NO3)3(DBP)(HDBP)2 in the light phase and Tc(NO3)2(DBP)2(HDBP)2 in the heavy phase. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level confirm the stability of the proposed species and indicate that stereoisomers -mer- and fac-Tc(NO3)3(DBP)(HDBP)2 for the light phase and cis- and trans-Tc(NO3)2(DBP)2(HDBP)2 for the heavy phase] could coexist in the system (in the n-dodecane solution). Mechanisms of formation of Tc(NO3)3(DBP)(HDBP)2 and Tc(NO3)2(DBP)2(HDBP)2 are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan George
- Radiochemistry
Program, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Ramsey Salcedo
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Hunter
College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Lehman
College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Rachel Greenberg
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Hunter
College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Lehman
College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Hossam Elshendidi
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Hunter
College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Lehman
College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Donna McGregor
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Lehman
College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Benjamin Burton-Pye
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Lehman
College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Lynn C. Francesconi
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Hunter
College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alena Paulenova
- School
of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 100 Radiation Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5903, United States
| | - Artem V. Gelis
- Radiochemistry
Program, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Frederic Poineau
- Radiochemistry
Program, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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3
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Tian Q, Stull GW, Kellermann J, Medan D, Nge FJ, Liu SY, Kates HR, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Guralnick RP, Folk RA, Onstein RE, Yi TS. Rapid in situ diversification rates in Rhamnaceae explain the parallel evolution of high diversity in temperate biomes from global to local scales. New Phytol 2024; 241:1851-1865. [PMID: 38229185 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The macroevolutionary processes that have shaped biodiversity across the temperate realm remain poorly understood and may have resulted from evolutionary dynamics related to diversification rates, dispersal rates, and colonization times, closely coupled with Cenozoic climate change. We integrated phylogenomic, environmental ordination, and macroevolutionary analyses for the cosmopolitan angiosperm family Rhamnaceae to disentangle the evolutionary processes that have contributed to high species diversity within and across temperate biomes. Our results show independent colonization of environmentally similar but geographically separated temperate regions mainly during the Oligocene, consistent with the global expansion of temperate biomes. High global, regional, and local temperate diversity was the result of high in situ diversification rates, rather than high immigration rates or accumulation time, except for Southern China, which was colonized much earlier than the other regions. The relatively common lineage dispersals out of temperate hotspots highlight strong source-sink dynamics across the cosmopolitan distribution of Rhamnaceae. The proliferation of temperate environments since the Oligocene may have provided the ecological opportunity for rapid in situ diversification of Rhamnaceae across the temperate realm. Our study illustrates the importance of high in situ diversification rates for the establishment of modern temperate biomes and biodiversity hotspots across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tian
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory W Stull
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jürgen Kellermann
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Diego Medan
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francis J Nge
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Ave Agropolis BP 64501, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Shui-Yin Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Heather R Kates
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ryan A Folk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Renske E Onstein
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Evolution and Adaptation, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04013, Germany
| | - Ting-Shuang Yi
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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4
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Condon NJ, Lopykinski S, Carotti F, Johnson KE, Kruizenga A. Method for the Determination of Oxygen in FLiBe via Inert Gas Fusion. ACS Omega 2023; 8:29789-29793. [PMID: 37599948 PMCID: PMC10433474 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In nuclear reactors that use molten fluoride salts, either as coolants or as the medium for the fuel, the purity of the salts is critical for controlling salt chemistry and mitigating corrosion. Water is a particularly important contaminant in this regard, as it participates in a number of important corrosion reactions, so the careful measurement of oxygen, which is principally present in the salts due to water contamination, is a critical step in salt characterization. Here, we present an analytical method for quantifying oxygen contamination in Li2BeF4 (FLiBe), a technologically important and suitably representative fluoride salt, with a detection limit of 22 μg of oxygen, or 110 ppm in a 200 mg sample. To test the method, four FLiBe samples from different batches were tested. Two of these showed oxygen concentrations below the method detection limit, while two showed concentrations above it. In particular, the difference in the oxygen concentration between purified and un-purified batches of material from Kairos Power showed the efficacy of this method in characterizing the degree of oxygen removal obtained from purification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Condon
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical and Fuel Cycle Technologies Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Susan Lopykinski
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical and Fuel Cycle Technologies Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Francesco Carotti
- Kairos
Power, 707 W. Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501, United States
| | - Kaitlin E. Johnson
- Kairos
Power, 707 W. Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501, United States
| | - Alan Kruizenga
- Kairos
Power, 707 W. Tower Avenue, Alameda, California 94501, United States
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5
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Zhang P, Venketeswaran A, Wright RF, Lalam N, Sarcinelli E, Ohodnicki PR. Quasi-Distributed Fiber Sensor-Based Approach for Pipeline Health Monitoring: Generating and Analyzing Physics-Based Simulation Datasets for Classification. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5410. [PMID: 37420576 DOI: 10.3390/s23125410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a framework for detecting mechanical damage in pipelines, focusing on generating simulated data and sampling to emulate distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system responses. The workflow transforms simulated ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) responses into DAS or quasi-DAS system responses to create a physically robust dataset for pipeline event classification, including welds, clips, and corrosion defects. This investigation examines the effects of sensing systems and noise on classification performance, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate sensing system for a specific application. The framework shows the robustness of different sensor number deployments to experimentally relevant noise levels, demonstrating its applicability in real-world scenarios where noise is present. Overall, this study contributes to the development of a more reliable and effective method for detecting mechanical damage to pipelines by emphasizing the generation and utilization of simulated DAS system responses for pipeline classification efforts. The results on the effects of sensing systems and noise on classification performance further enhance the robustness and reliability of the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengdi Zhang
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Abhishek Venketeswaran
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ruishu F Wright
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Nageswara Lalam
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Enrico Sarcinelli
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Paul R Ohodnicki
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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