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Gasilov S, Webb MA, Panahifar A, Zhu N, Marinos O, Bond T, Cooper DML, Chapman D. Hard X-ray imaging and tomography at the Biomedical Imaging and Therapy beamlines of Canadian Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:1346-1357. [PMID: 39007824 PMCID: PMC11371025 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524005241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The Biomedical Imaging and Therapy facility of the Canadian Light Source comprises two beamlines, which together cover a wide X-ray energy range from 13 keV up to 140 keV. The beamlines were designed with a focus on synchrotron applications in preclinical imaging and veterinary science as well as microbeam radiation therapy. While these remain a major part of the activities of both beamlines, a number of recent upgrades have enhanced the versatility and performance of the beamlines, particularly for high-resolution microtomography experiments. As a result, the user community has been quickly expanding to include researchers in advanced materials, batteries, fuel cells, agriculture, and environmental studies. This article summarizes the beam properties, describes the endstations together with the detector pool, and presents several application cases of the various X-ray imaging techniques available to users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Gasilov
- Canadian Light Source44 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonS7N 2V3Canada
| | - M. Adam Webb
- Canadian Light Source44 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonS7N 2V3Canada
| | - Arash Panahifar
- Canadian Light Source44 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonS7N 2V3Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source44 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonS7N 2V3Canada
| | - Omar Marinos
- Canadian Light Source44 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonS7N 2V3Canada
| | - Toby Bond
- Canadian Light Source44 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonS7N 2V3Canada
| | - David M. L. Cooper
- College of MedicineUniversity of Saskatchewan107 Wiggins RoadSaskatoonS7N 5E5Canada
| | - Dean Chapman
- College of MedicineUniversity of Saskatchewan107 Wiggins RoadSaskatoonS7N 5E5Canada
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2
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Ning L, Zanella S, Tomov ML, Amoli MS, Jin L, Hwang B, Saadeh M, Chen H, Neelakantan S, Dasi LP, Avazmohammadi R, Mahmoudi M, Bauser‐Heaton HD, Serpooshan V. Targeted Rapamycin Delivery via Magnetic Nanoparticles to Address Stenosis in a 3D Bioprinted in Vitro Model of Pulmonary Veins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400476. [PMID: 38696618 PMCID: PMC11234432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Vascular cell overgrowth and lumen size reduction in pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) can result in elevated PV pressure, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac failure, and death. Administration of chemotherapies such as rapamycin have shown promise by inhibiting the vascular cell proliferation; yet clinical success is limited due to complications such as restenosis and off-target effects. The lack of in vitro models to recapitulate the complex pathophysiology of PVS has hindered the identification of disease mechanisms and therapies. This study integrated 3D bioprinting, functional nanoparticles, and perfusion bioreactors to develop a novel in vitro model of PVS. Bioprinted bifurcated PV constructs are seeded with endothelial cells (ECs) and perfused, demonstrating the formation of a uniform and viable endothelium. Computational modeling identified the bifurcation point at high risk of EC overgrowth. Application of an external magnetic field enabled targeting of the rapamycin-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles at the bifurcation site, leading to a significant reduction in EC proliferation with no adverse side effects. These results establish a 3D bioprinted in vitro model to study PV homeostasis and diseases, offering the potential for increased throughput, tunability, and patient specificity, to test new or more effective therapies for PVS and other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCleveland State UniversityClevelandOH44115USA
| | - Stefano Zanella
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Mehdi Salar Amoli
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Linqi Jin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Boeun Hwang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Maher Saadeh
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Huang Chen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Sunder Neelakantan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Reza Avazmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
- J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77840USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LandingMI48824USA
| | - Holly D. Bauser‐Heaton
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30322USA
- Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA30322USA
- Sibley Heart Center at Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30322USA
- Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA30322USA
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3
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Gil CJ, Evans CJ, Li L, Allphin AJ, Tomov ML, Jin L, Vargas M, Hwang B, Wang J, Putaturo V, Kabboul G, Alam AS, Nandwani RK, Wu Y, Sushmit A, Fulton T, Shen M, Kaiser JM, Ning L, Veneziano R, Willet N, Wang G, Drissi H, Weeks ER, Bauser-Heaton HD, Badea CT, Roeder RK, Serpooshan V. Leveraging 3D Bioprinting and Photon-Counting Computed Tomography to Enable Noninvasive Quantitative Tracking of Multifunctional Tissue Engineered Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302271. [PMID: 37709282 PMCID: PMC10842604 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is revolutionizing the fields of personalized and precision medicine by enabling the manufacturing of bioartificial implants that recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of native tissues. However, the lack of quantitative and noninvasive techniques to longitudinally track the function of implants has hampered clinical applications of bioprinted scaffolds. In this study, multimaterial 3D bioprinting, engineered nanoparticles (NPs), and spectral photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) technologies are integrated for the aim of developing a new precision medicine approach to custom-engineer scaffolds with traceability. Multiple CT-visible hydrogel-based bioinks, containing distinct molecular (iodine and gadolinium) and NP (iodine-loaded liposome, gold, methacrylated gold (AuMA), and Gd2 O3 ) contrast agents, are used to bioprint scaffolds with varying geometries at adequate fidelity levels. In vitro release studies, together with printing fidelity, mechanical, and biocompatibility tests identified AuMA and Gd2 O3 NPs as optimal reagents to track bioprinted constructs. Spectral PCCT imaging of scaffolds in vitro and subcutaneous implants in mice enabled noninvasive material discrimination and contrast agent quantification. Together, these results establish a novel theranostic platform with high precision, tunability, throughput, and reproducibility and open new prospects for a broad range of applications in the field of precision and personalized regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J. Gil
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Connor J. Evans
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Alex J. Allphin
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Linqi Jin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Merlyn Vargas
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Boeun Hwang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Victor Putaturo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gabriella Kabboul
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anjum S. Alam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Roshni K. Nandwani
- Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuxiao Wu
- Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Asif Sushmit
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Travis Fulton
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jarred M. Kaiser
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Liqun Ning
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Nick Willet
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ge Wang
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Eric R. Weeks
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Holly D. Bauser-Heaton
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Sibley Heart Center at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cristian T. Badea
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ryan K. Roeder
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Duan X, Ding XF, Li N, Wu FX, Chen X, Zhu N. Sparse2Noise: Low-dose synchrotron X-ray tomography without high-quality reference data. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107473. [PMID: 37690288 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SR-CT) holds promise for high-resolution in vivo imaging. Notably, the reconstruction of SR-CT images necessitates a large set of data to be captured with sufficient photons from multiple angles, resulting in high radiation dose received by the object. Reducing the number of projections and/or photon flux is a straightforward means to lessen the radiation dose, however, compromises data completeness, thus introducing noises and artifacts. Deep learning (DL)-based supervised methods effectively denoise and remove artifacts, but they heavily depend on high-quality paired data acquired at high doses. Although algorithms exist for training without high-quality references, they struggle to effectively eliminate persistent artifacts present in real-world data. METHODS This work presents a novel low-dose imaging strategy namely Sparse2Noise, which combines the reconstruction data from paired sparse-view CT scan (normal-flux) and full-view CT scan (low-flux) using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Sparse2Noise does not require high-quality reconstructed data as references and allows for fresh training on data with very small size. Sparse2Noise was evaluated by both simulated and experimental data. RESULTS Sparse2Noise effectively reduces noise and ring artifacts while maintaining high image quality, outperforming state-of-the-art image denoising methods at same dose levels. Furthermore, Sparse2Noise produces impressive high image quality for ex vivo rat hindlimb imaging with the acceptable low radiation dose (i.e., 0.5 Gy with the isotropic voxel size of 26 μm). CONCLUSIONS This work represents a significant advance towards in vivo SR-CT imaging. It is noteworthy that Sparse2Noise can also be used for denoising in conventional CT and/or phase-contrast CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Xiao Fan Ding
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Naitao Li
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Fang-Xiang Wu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Ning Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, S7N 2V3, SK, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
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Cao NT, Muthukumaran S, Chen X. Market of tissue engineering in Canada from 2011 to 2020. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1170423. [PMID: 37324426 PMCID: PMC10264613 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1170423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to produce tissue/organ substitutes to improve upon current treatment approaches, thus providing a permanent solution to damaged tissues/organs. This project aimed to perform a market analysis for understanding and promoting the development and commercialization of tissue engineering in Canada. We searched companies that were established between October 2011 and July 2020 via publicly available information and for these companies, we collected and analyzed the corporate level information, including revenues, and number of employees and founder information. The companies assessed were mainly searched from four different industry segments, i.e., bioprinting, biomaterials, cells and biomaterials, and stem-cells related industry. Our results have demonstrated that there are twenty-five tissue-engineering companies registered in Canada. These companies generated an estimated revenue of USD $67 million in the year 2020, most generated by the tissue engineering and stem-cells related industries. Our results also show that Ontario has the largest number of headquarters of tissue engineering companies among the provinces or territories of Canada. It is expected that the number of new products undergoing clinical trials is increased, based on our results of current clinical trials. Altogether, tissue engineering in Canada has shown a huge growth in the past decade and is forecasted to be an emerging industry in Canada for the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tate Cao
- Ron and Jane Graham School of Professional Development, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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6
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Ketabat F, Maris T, Duan X, Yazdanpanah Z, Kelly ME, Badea I, Chen X. Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1161804. [PMID: 37304145 PMCID: PMC10248470 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Engineering cardiac tissue that mimics the hierarchical structure of cardiac tissue remains challenging, raising the need for developing novel methods capable of creating structures with high complexity. Three-dimensional (3D)-printing techniques are among promising methods for engineering complex tissue constructs with high precision. By means of 3D printing, this study aims to develop cardiac constructs with a novel angular structure mimicking cardiac architecture from alginate (Alg) and gelatin (Gel) composite. The 3D-printing conditions were optimized and the structures were characterized in vitro, with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells), for potential cardiac tissue engineering. Methods: We synthesized the composites of Alg and Gel with varying concentrations and examined their cytotoxicity with both H9c2 cells and HUVECs, as well as their printability for creating 3D structures of varying fibre orientations (angular design). The 3D-printed structures were characterized in terms of morphology by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron radiation propagation-based imaging computed tomography (SR-PBI-CT), and elastic modulus, swelling percentage, and mass loss percentage as well. The cell viability studies were conducted via measuring the metabolic activity of the live cells with MTT assay and visualizing the cells with live/dead assay kit. Results: Among the examined composite groups of Alg and Gel, two combinations with ratios of 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 (termed as Alg2Gel1 and Alg3Gel1) showed the highest cell survival; they accordingly were used to fabricate two different structures: a novel angular and a conventional lattice structure. Scaffolds made of Alg3Gel1 showed higher elastic modulus, lower swelling percentage, less mass loss, and higher cell survival compared to that of Alg2Gel1. Although the viability of H9c2 cells and HUVECs on all scaffolds composed of Alg3Gel1 was above 99%, the group of the constructs with the angular design maintained significantly more viable cells compared to other investigated groups. Conclusion: The group of angular 3D-ptinted constructs has illustrated promising properties for cardiac tissue engineering by providing high cell viability for both endothelial and cardiac cells, high mechanical strength as well as appropriate swelling, and degradation properties during 21 days of incubation. Statement of Significance: 3D-printing is an emerging method to create complex constructs with high precision in a large scale. In this study, we have demonstrated that 3D-printing can be used to create compatible constructs from the composite of Alg and Gel with endothelial cells and cardiac cells. Also, we have demonstrated that these constructs are able to enhance the viability of cardiac and endothelial cells via creating a 3D structure mimicking the alignment and orientation of the fibers in the native heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ketabat
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Titouan Maris
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Institut Catholique des arts et métiers (ICAM)- Site de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zahra Yazdanpanah
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael E. Kelly
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Duan X, Li N, Cooper DML, Ding XF, Chen X, Zhu N. Low-density tissue scaffold imaging by synchrotron radiation propagation-based imaging computed tomography with helical acquisition mode. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:417-429. [PMID: 36891855 PMCID: PMC10000810 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of low-density tissue scaffolds made from hydrogels is important yet challenging in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). For this, synchrotron radiation propagation-based imaging computed tomography (SR-PBI-CT) has great potential, but is limited due to the ring artifacts commonly observed in SR-PBI-CT images. To address this issue, this study focuses on the integration of SR-PBI-CT and helical acquisition mode (i.e. SR-PBI-HCT) to visualize hydrogel scaffolds. The influence of key imaging parameters on the image quality of hydrogel scaffolds was investigated, including the helical pitch (p), photon energy (E) and the number of acquisition projections per rotation/revolution (Np), and, on this basis, those parameters were optimized to improve image quality and to reduce noise level and artifacts. The results illustrate that SR-PBI-HCT imaging shows impressive advantages in avoiding ring artifacts with p = 1.5, E = 30 keV and Np = 500 for the visualization of hydrogel scaffolds in vitro. Furthermore, the results also demonstrate that hydrogel scaffolds can be visualized using SR-PBI-HCT with good contrast while at a low radiation dose, i.e. 342 mGy (voxel size of 26 µm, suitable for in vivo imaging). This paper presents a systematic study on hydrogel scaffold imaging using SR-PBI-HCT and the results reveal that SR-PBI-HCT is a powerful tool for visualizing and characterizing low-density scaffolds with a high image quality in vitro. This work represents a significant advance toward the non-invasive in vivo visualization and characterization of hydrogel scaffolds at a suitable radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Naitao Li
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - David M. L. Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Xiao Fan Ding
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
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8
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Mohabatpour F, Duan X, Yazdanpanah Z, Tabil XL, Lobanova L, Zhu N, Papagerakis S, Chen X, Papagerakis P. Bioprinting of alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds for enamel tissue engineering in vitro. Biofabrication 2022; 15. [PMID: 36583240 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acab35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers a great potential in regenerative dentistry and to this end, three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been emerging nowadays to enable the incorporation of living cells into the biomaterials (such a mixture is referred as a bioink in the literature) to create scaffolds. However, the bioinks available for scaffold bioprinting are limited, particularly for dental tissue engineering, due to the complicated, yet compromised, printability, mechanical and biological properties simultaneously imposed on the bioinks. This paper presents our study on the development of a novel bioink from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and alginate (Alg) for bioprinting scaffolds for enamel tissue regeneration. CMC was used due to its antibacterial ability and superior cell interaction properties, while Alg was added to enhance the printability and mechanical properties as well as to regulate the degradation rate. The bioinks with three mixture ratios of Alg and CMC (2-4, 3-3 and 4-2) were prepared, and then printed into the calcium chloride crosslinker solution (100 mM) to form a 3D structure of scaffolds. The printed scaffolds were characterized in terms of structural, swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties, followed by theirin vitrocharacterization for enamel tissue regeneration. The results showed that the bioinks with higher concentrations of Alg were more viscous and needed higher pressure for printing; while the printed scaffolds were highly porous and showed a high degree of printability and structural integrity. The hydrogels with higher CMC ratios had higher swelling ratios, faster degradation rates, and lower compressive modulus. Dental epithelial cell line, HAT-7, could maintain high viability in the printed constructs after 1, 7 and 14 d of culture. HAT-7 cells were also able to maintain their morphology and secrete alkaline phosphatase after 14 d of culture in the 3D printed scaffolds, suggesting the capacity of these cells for mineral deposition and enamel-like tissue formation. Among all combinations Alg4%-CMC2% and in a less degree 2%Alg-4%CMC showed the higher potential to promote ameloblast differentiation, Ca and P deposition and matrix mineralizationin vitro. Taken together, Alg-CMC has been illustrated to be suitable to print scaffolds with dental epithelial cells for enamel tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
| | - Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Zahra Yazdanpanah
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Xavier Lee Tabil
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon S7N2V3 SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 0W8 SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
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9
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Trifanova EM, Khvorostina MA, Mariyanats AO, Sochilina AV, Nikolaeva ME, Khaydukov EV, Akasov RA, Popov VK. Natural and Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds Comprising Upconversion Nanoparticles as a Bioimaging Platform for Tissue Engineering. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196547. [PMID: 36235084 PMCID: PMC9573624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Modern biocompatible materials of both natural and synthetic origin, in combination with advanced techniques for their processing and functionalization, provide the basis for tissue engineering constructs (TECs) for the effective replacement of specific body defects and guided tissue regeneration. Here we describe TECs fabricated using electrospinning and 3D printing techniques on a base of synthetic (polylactic-co-glycolic acids, PLGA) and natural (collagen, COL, and hyaluronic acid, HA) polymers impregnated with core/shell β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+/NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for in vitro control of the tissue/scaffold interaction. Polymeric structures impregnated with core/shell β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+/NaYF4 nanoparticles were visualized with high optical contrast using laser irradiation at 976 nm. We found that the photoluminescence spectra of impregnated scaffolds differ from the spectrum of free UCNPs that could be used to control the scaffold microenvironment, polymer biodegradation, and cargo release. We proved the absence of UCNP-impregnated scaffold cytotoxicity and demonstrated their high efficiency for cell attachment, proliferation, and colonization. We also modified the COL-based scaffold fabrication technology to increase their tensile strength and structural stability within the living body. The proposed approach is a technological platform for "smart scaffold" development and fabrication based on bioresorbable polymer structures impregnated with UCNPs, providing the desired photoluminescent, biochemical, and mechanical properties for intravital visualization and monitoring of their behavior and tissue/scaffold interaction in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M. Trifanova
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Khvorostina
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra O. Mariyanats
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Sochilina
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny V. Khaydukov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.K.); (R.A.A.); (V.K.P.)
| | - Roman A. Akasov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.K.); (R.A.A.); (V.K.P.)
| | - Vladimir K. Popov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.K.); (R.A.A.); (V.K.P.)
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10
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Theus AS, Ning L, Kabboul G, Hwang B, Tomov ML, LaRock CN, Bauser-Heaton H, Mahmoudi M, Serpooshan V. 3D bioprinting of nanoparticle-laden hydrogel scaffolds with enhanced antibacterial and imaging properties. iScience 2022; 25:104947. [PMID: 36065192 PMCID: PMC9440295 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial-associated microbial contaminations in biologically conducive three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered constructs have significantly limited the clinical applications of scaffold systems. To prevent such infections, antimicrobial biomaterials are rapidly evolving. Yet, the use of such materials in bioprinting-based approaches of scaffold fabrication has not been examined. This study introduces a new generation of bacteriostatic gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks, incorporated with varying doses of antibacterial superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPION-laden GelMA scaffolds showed significant resistance against the Staphylococcus aureus growth, while providing a contrast in magnetic resonance imaging. We simulated the bacterial contamination of cellular 3D GelMA scaffolds in vitro and demonstrated the significant effect of functionalized scaffolds in inhibiting bacterial growth, while maintaining cell viability and growth. Together, these results present a new promising class of functionalized bioinks to 3D bioprint tissue-engineered scaffold with markedly enhanced properties for the use in a variety of in vitro and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Liqun Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gabriella Kabboul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Boeun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher N. LaRock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Sibley Heart Center at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48842, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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11
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Al-Zeer MA, Prehn F, Fiedler S, Lienert U, Krisch M, Berg J, Kurreck J, Hildebrandt G, Schültke E. Evaluating the Suitability of 3D Bioprinted Samples for Experimental Radiotherapy: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179951. [PMID: 36077349 PMCID: PMC9456381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important component in the treatment of lung cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide, frequently resulting in death within only a few years of diagnosis. In order to evaluate new therapeutic approaches and compare their efficiency with regard to tumour control at a pre-clinical stage, it is important to develop standardized samples which can serve as inter-institutional outcome controls, independent of differences in local technical parameters or specific techniques. Recent developments in 3D bioprinting techniques could provide a sophisticated solution to this challenge. We have conducted a pilot project to evaluate the suitability of standardized samples generated from 3D printed human lung cancer cells in radiotherapy studies. The samples were irradiated at high dose rates using both broad beam and microbeam techniques. We found the 3D printed constructs to be sufficiently mechanically stable for use in microbeam studies with peak doses up to 400 Gy to test for cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and cancer cell death in vitro. The results of this study show how 3D structures generated from human lung cancer cells in an additive printing process can be used to study the effects of radiotherapy in a standardized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.-Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Franziska Prehn
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Fiedler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation/DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Krisch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Berg
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schültke
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.-Z.); (E.S.)
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12
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He H, Zhang X, Du L, Ye M, Lu Y, Xue J, Wu J, Shuai X. Molecular imaging nanoprobes for theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114320. [PMID: 35526664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a non-invasive imaging monitoring method, molecular imaging can provide the location and expression level of disease signature biomolecules in vivo, leading to early diagnosis of relevant diseases, improved treatment strategies, and accurate assessment of treating efficacy. In recent years, a variety of nanosized imaging probes have been developed and intensively investigated in fundamental/translational research and clinical practice. Meanwhile, as an interdisciplinary discipline, this field combines many subjects of chemistry, medicine, biology, radiology, and material science, etc. The successful molecular imaging not only requires advanced imaging equipment, but also the synthesis of efficient imaging probes. However, limited summary has been reported for recent advances of nanoprobes. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress of three common and main types of nanosized molecular imaging probes, including ultrasound (US) imaging nanoprobes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanoprobes, and computed tomography (CT) imaging nanoprobes. The applications of molecular imaging nanoprobes were discussed in details. Finally, we provided an outlook on the development of next generation molecular imaging nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe He
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lihua Du
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Minwen Ye
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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13
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Malekpour A, Chen X. Printability and Cell Viability in Extrusion-Based Bioprinting from Experimental, Computational, and Machine Learning Views. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020040. [PMID: 35466222 PMCID: PMC9036289 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technology to apply biomaterials precisely with living cells (referred to as bioink) layer by layer to create three-dimensional (3D) functional constructs for tissue engineering. Printability and cell viability are two critical issues in the extrusion bioprinting process; printability refers to the capacity to form and maintain reproducible 3D structure and cell viability characterizes the amount or percentage of survival cells during printing. Research reveals that both printability and cell viability can be affected by various parameters associated with the construct design, bioinks, and bioprinting process. This paper briefly reviews the literature with the aim to identify the affecting parameters and highlight the methods or strategies for rigorously determining or optimizing them for improved printability and cell viability. This paper presents the review and discussion mainly from experimental, computational, and machine learning (ML) views, given their promising in this field. It is envisioned that ML will be a powerful tool to advance bioprinting for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Malekpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
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14
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Krujatz F, Dani S, Windisch J, Emmermacher J, Hahn F, Mosshammer M, Murthy S, Steingroewer J, Walther T, Kühl M, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Think outside the box: 3D bioprinting concepts for biotechnological applications – recent developments and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Alizadeh Sardroud H, Wanlin T, Chen X, Eames BF. Cartilage Tissue Engineering Approaches Need to Assess Fibrocartilage When Hydrogel Constructs Are Mechanically Loaded. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:787538. [PMID: 35096790 PMCID: PMC8790514 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.787538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes that are impregnated within hydrogel constructs sense applied mechanical force and can respond by expressing collagens, which are deposited into the extracellular matrix (ECM). The intention of most cartilage tissue engineering is to form hyaline cartilage, but if mechanical stimulation pushes the ratio of collagen type I (Col1) to collagen type II (Col2) in the ECM too high, then fibrocartilage can form instead. With a focus on Col1 and Col2 expression, the first part of this article reviews the latest studies on hyaline cartilage regeneration within hydrogel constructs that are subjected to compression forces (one of the major types of the forces within joints) in vitro. Since the mechanical loading conditions involving compression and other forces in joints are difficult to reproduce in vitro, implantation of hydrogel constructs in vivo is also reviewed, again with a focus on Col1 and Col2 production within the newly formed cartilage. Furthermore, mechanotransduction pathways that may be related to the expression of Col1 and Col2 within chondrocytes are reviewed and examined. Also, two recently-emerged, novel approaches of load-shielding and synchrotron radiation (SR)–based imaging techniques are discussed and highlighted for future applications to the regeneration of hyaline cartilage. Going forward, all cartilage tissue engineering experiments should assess thoroughly whether fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Alizadeh Sardroud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hamed Alizadeh Sardroud,
| | - Tasker Wanlin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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16
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Duan X, Li N, Chen X, Zhu N. Characterization of Tissue Scaffolds Using Synchrotron Radiation Microcomputed Tomography Imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:573-588. [PMID: 34670397 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing from other traditional imaging, synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT) imaging allows for the visualization of three-dimensional objects of interest in a nondestructive and/or in situ way with better spatial resolution, deep penetration, relatively fast speed, and/or high contrast. SR-μCT has been illustrated promising for visualizing and characterizing tissue scaffolds for repairing or replacing damaged tissue or organs in tissue engineering (TE), which is of particular advance for longitudinal monitoring and tracking the success of scaffolds once implanted in animal models and/or human patients. This article presents a comprehensive review on recent studies of characterization of scaffolds based on SR-μCT and takes scaffold architectural properties, mechanical properties, degradation, swelling and wettability, and biological properties as five separate sections to introduce SR-μCT wide applications. We also discuss and highlight the unique opportunities of SR-μCT in various TE applications; conclude this article with the suggested future research directions, including the prospective applications of SR-μCT, along with its challenges and methods for improvement in the field of TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Naitao Li
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada
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