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Tian C, Yu J, Zhou D, Ze H, Liu H, Chen Y, Xia R, Ou P, Ni W, Xie K, Sargent EH. Reduction of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)Furan at High Current Density using a Ga-Doped AgCu:Cationomer Hybrid Electrocatalyst. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312778. [PMID: 38421936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogenation of biomass-derived chemicals is of interest for the production of biofuels and valorized chemicals. Thermochemical processes for biomass reduction typically employ hydrogen as the reductant at elevated temperatures and pressures. Here, the authors investigate the direct electrified reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to a precursor to bio-polymers, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). Noting a limited current density in prior reports of this transformation, a hybrid catalyst consisting of ternary metal nanodendrites mixed with a cationic ionomer, the latter purposed to increase local pH and facilitate surface proton diffusion, is investigated. This approach, when implemented using Ga-doped Ag-Cu electrocatalysts designed for p-d orbital hybridization, steered selectivity to BHMF, achieving a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 58% at 100 mA cm-2 and a production rate of 1 mmol cm-2 h-1, the latter a doubling in rate compared to the best prior reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Daojin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Huajie Ze
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hengzhou Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yuanjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rong Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Pengfei Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Weiyan Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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2
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Ji K, Liu Y, Wang Y, Kong K, Li J, Liu X, Duan H. Steering Selectivity in Electrocatalytic Furfural Reduction via Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Modification. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11876-11886. [PMID: 38626315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reduction of biomass-derived furfural (FF) represents a sustainable route to produce furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 2-methylfuran (MF) as a value-added chemical and a biofuel, respectively. However, achieving high selectivity for MF as well as tuning the selectivity between FA and MF within one reaction system remain challenging. Herein, we have reported an electrode-electrolyte interface modification strategy, enabling FA and MF selectivity steering under the same reaction conditions. Specifically, by modifying copper (Cu) electrocatalysts with butyl trimethylammonium bromide (BTAB), we achieved a dramatic shift in selectivity from producing FA (selectivity: 83.8%; Faradaic efficiency, FE: 68.9%) to MF (selectivity: 80.1%; FE: 74.8%). We demonstrated that BTAB adsorption over Cu modulates the electrical double layer (EDL) structure, which repels interfacial water and weakens the hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network for proton transfer, thus impeding FF-to-FA conversion by suppression of the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process. On the contrary, FF-to-MF conversion was less affected. This work shows the potential of engineering of the electrode-electrolyte interface for selectivity control in electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kejian Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Ginoux E, Rafaïdeen T, Cognet P, Latapie L, Coutanceau C. Selective glucose electro-oxidation catalyzed by TEMPO on graphite felt. Front Chem 2024; 12:1393860. [PMID: 38752198 PMCID: PMC11094245 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1393860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term electrolyses of glucose in a potassium carbonate (K2CO3) aqueous electrolyte have been performed on graphite felt electrodes with TEMPO as a homogeneous catalyst. The influences of the operating conditions (initial concentrations of glucose, TEMPO, and K2CO3 along with applied anode potential) on the conversion, selectivity toward gluconate/glucarate, and faradaic efficiency were assessed first. Then, optimizations of the conversion, selectivity, and faradaic efficiency were performed using design of experiments based on the L9 (34) Taguchi table, which resulted in 84% selectivity toward gluconate with 71% faradaic efficiency for up to 79% glucose conversion. Side products such as glucaric acid were also obtained when the applied potential exceeded 1.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Ginoux
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CAMPUS INP-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Rafaïdeen
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Patrick Cognet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CAMPUS INP-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Latapie
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CAMPUS INP-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Coutanceau
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers IC2MP, Poitiers, France
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4
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Zheng M, Zhang J, Wang P, Jin H, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Reactions on Copper-Based Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307913. [PMID: 37756435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation reactions play a critical role in the synthesis of value-added products within the chemical industry. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) using water as the hydrogen source has emerged as an alternative to conventional thermocatalytic processes for sustainable and decentralized chemical synthesis under mild conditions. Among the various ECH catalysts, copper-based (Cu-based) nanomaterials are promising candidates due to their earth-abundance, unique electronic structure, versatility, and high activity/selectivity. Herein, recent advances in the application of Cu-based catalysts in ECH reactions for the upgrading of valuable chemicals are systematically analyzed. The unique properties of Cu-based catalysts in ECH are initially introduced, followed by design strategies to enhance their activity and selectivity. Then, typical ECH reactions on Cu-based catalysts are presented in detail, including carbon dioxide reduction for multicarbon generation, alkyne-to-alkene conversion, selective aldehyde conversion, ammonia production from nitrogen-containing substances, and amine production from organic nitrogen compounds. In these catalysts, the role of catalyst composition and nanostructures toward different products is focused. The co-hydrogenation of two substrates (e.g., CO2 and NOx n, SO3 2-, etc.) via C─N, C─S, and C─C cross-coupling reactions are also highlighted. Finally, the critical issues and future perspectives of Cu-catalyzed ECH are proposed to accelerate the rational development of next-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Junyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Pengtang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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5
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Chen W, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Yang G, Li Y, Xu L, Yang M, Wu B, Pan Y, Xu Y, Liu Q, Chen C, Peng F, Wang S, Zou Y. Catalyst Selection over an Electrochemical Reductive Coupling Reaction toward Direct Electrosynthesis of Oxime from NO x and Aldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6294-6306. [PMID: 38377334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous electrochemical coupling reactions, which enable the green synthesis of complex organic compounds, will be a crucial tool in synthetic chemistry. However, a lack of informed approaches for screening suitable catalysts is a major obstacle to its development. Here, we propose a pioneering electrochemical reductive coupling reaction toward direct electrosynthesis of oxime from NOx and aldehyde. Through integrating experimental and theoretical methods, we screen out the optimal catalyst, i.e., metal Fe catalyst, that facilitates the enrichment and C-N coupling of key reaction intermediates, all leading to high yields (e.g., ∼99% yield of benzaldoxime) for the direct electrosynthesis of oxime over Fe. With a divided flow reactor, we achieve a high benzaldoxime production of 22.8 g h-1 gcat-1 in ∼94% isolated yield. This work not only paves the way to the industrial mass production of oxime via electrosynthesis but also offers references for the catalyst selection of other electrochemical coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yandong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangxing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Leitao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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6
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Wu J, Wang K, Yu T, Huang S, Zhai Z, Wen H, Yin S. Amorphous-crystalline heterostructure: Efficient catalyst for biomass oxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:676-684. [PMID: 37976740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability is critical for biomass upgrading coupled with hydrogen evolution. In this study, we present a simple method for fabricating crystalline-amorphous phase heterostructures using the etching effect of the acidic medium generated during cobalt salt hydrolysis, resulting in the formation of NiCo(OH)x-modified Ni/NiMoO4 nanosheets electrode (NiCo(OH)x/Ni/NiMoO4/NF). The nanosheets array formed during the synthesis process enlarges the surface area of the prepared catalyst, which facilitates the exposure of electrochemically active sites and improves mass transfer. Unexpectedly, the strong coupling interactions between the amorphous-crystalline heterointerface optimize the adsorption of reaction molecules and the corresponding charge transfer process, consequently boosting the catalytic activity for the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Specifically, NiCo(OH)x/Ni/NiMoO4/NF catalyst requires only 1.34 V to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for HMFOR-coupled H2 evolution, and operates stably for 13 consecutive cycles with good product selectivity. This work thus provides insights into the design of efficient and robust catalysts for HMFOR-assisted H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tianqi Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuaiqin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huan Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shibin Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China.
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7
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Li ZF, Li YT, Zhang Q, Hu TL. 2-Methylimidazole-modulated 2D Cu metal-organic framework for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural hydrodeoxygenation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1698-1705. [PMID: 38169009 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03870j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Preparation of the high value-added chemical 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) from the biomass-derived platform molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of great significance in the preparation of biofuels. Here, a bottom-up strategy was used to prepare a metal-organic framework (MOF) material with a two-dimensional nanosheet morphology, named CPM, in which an additive 2-methylimidazole was introduced into the hydrothermal process of Cu2+ ions and terephthalic acid. Subsequently, CPM-700 prepared by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere showed excellent catalytic performance in the reaction of HMF hydrodeoxygenation to 2,5-DMF. The materials before and after pyrogenation were characterized by PXRD, XPS, TEM, N2 adsorption and desorption and so on. It was confirmed that compared with the catalyst derived from the cubic MOF material self-assembled by Cu2+ and terephthalic acid, the morphology of 2D nanosheets was beneficial for the reaction of HMF to 2,5-DMF. Combined with the experimental data, the possible reaction path of 2,5-DMF preparation from HMF is that 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran was formed by hydrogenation of the aldehyde group on the furan ring, and then 2,5-DMF was obtained by hydrogenolysis. This paper provides an effective route for 2D MOF-derived catalytic materials in the selective hydrogenation of HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Fei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan-Ting Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Tong-Liang Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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8
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Du Z, Yang D, Cao Q, Dai J, Yang R, Gu X, Li F. Recent advances in catalytic synthesis of 2,5-furandimethanol from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and carbohydrates. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:52. [PMID: 38647628 PMCID: PMC10991370 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a versatile platform chemical derived from the dehydration of renewable carbohydrates (typically glucose/fructose-based monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides). Some useful compounds, such as 2,5-furandimethanol (FDM), 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF), have been synthesized by reduction of HMF. Among these, FDM is a promising diol and can be further converted towards fine chemicals, liquid fuels and polymer materials. In this review, some typical catalytic systems for the synthesis of FDM from both HMF and carbohydrates were summarized. The discussion focused on controlling the reaction networks for the reduction of HMF. The reaction mechanisms and the stability of the catalysts were introduced briefly. Last but not least, the prospects of effective production of FDM were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Du
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Delong Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Qingya Cao
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Jinhang Dai
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Ronghe Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xingxing Gu
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Fukun Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
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9
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Liu H, Yu J, Chen Y, Lee J, Huang W, Li W. Cu-Based Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Furfural with Practical Rates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37477-37485. [PMID: 37495558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation (EOD) of aldehydes enables ultra-low voltage, bipolar H2 production with co-generation of carboxylic acid. Herein, we reported a simple galvanic replacement method to prepare CuM (M = Pt, Pd, Au, and Ag) bimetallic catalysts to improve the EOD of furfural to reach industrially relevant current densities. The redox potential difference between Cu/Cu2+ and a noble metal M/My+ can incorporate the noble metal on the Cu surface and enlarge its surface area. Particularly, dispersing Pt in Cu (CuPt) achieved a record-high current density of 498 mA cm-2 for bipolar H2 production at a low cell voltage of 0.6 V and a Faradaic efficiency of >80% to H2. Future research is needed to deeply understand the synergistic effects of Cu-M toward EOD of furfural, and improve the Cu-M catalyst stability, thus offering great opportunities for future distributed manufacturing of green hydrogen and carbon chemicals with practical rates and low-carbon footprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yifu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jungkuk Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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10
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Hauke P, Merzdorf T, Klingenhof M, Strasser P. Hydrogenation versus hydrogenolysis during alkaline electrochemical valorization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over oxide-derived Cu-bimetallics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4708. [PMID: 37543599 PMCID: PMC10404266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, especially its reduction, is an attractive green production pathway for carbonaceous e-chemicals. We demonstrate the reduction of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-Methylfurfurylalcohol under strongly alkaline reaction environments over oxide-derived Cu bimetallic electrocatalysts. We investigate whether and how the surface catalysis of the MOx phases tune the catalytic selectivity of oxide-derived Cu with respect to the 2-electron hydrogenation to 2.5-Bishydroxymethylfuran and the (2 + 2)-electron hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis to 5-Methylfurfurylalcohol. We provide evidence for a kinetic competition between the evolution of H2 and the 2-electron hydrogenolysis of 2.5-Bishydroxymethylfuran to 5-Methylfurfurylalcohol and discuss its mechanistic implications. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability to conduct 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural reduction to 5-Methylfurfurylalcohol in alkaline conditions over oxide-derived Cu/MOx Cu foam electrodes enable an efficiently operating alkaline exchange membranes electrolyzer, in which the cathodic 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural valorization is coupled to either alkaline oxygen evolution anode or to oxidative 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hauke
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Merzdorf
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Klingenhof
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Muchharla B, Dikshit M, Pokharel U, Garimella R, Adedeji A, Kumar K, Cao W, Elsayed-Ali H, Sadasivuni KK, Al-Dhabi NA, Kumar S, Kumar B. Reduced metal nanocatalysts for selective electrochemical hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan in ambient conditions. Front Chem 2023; 11:1200469. [PMID: 37408562 PMCID: PMC10318534 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1200469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of biomass-derived unsaturated organic molecules has enormous potential for sustainable chemical production. However, an efficient catalyst is essential to perform an ECH reaction consisting of superior product selectivity and a higher conversion rate. Here, we examined the ECH performance of reduced metal nanostructures, i.e., reduced Ag (rAg) and reduced copper (rCu) prepared via electrochemical or thermal oxidation and electrochemical reduction process, respectively. Surface morphological analysis suggests the formation of nanocoral and entangled nanowire structure formation for rAg and rCu catalysts. rCu exhibits a slight enhancement in ECH reaction performance in comparison to the pristine Cu. However, the rAg exhibits more than two times higher ECH performance without compromising the selectivity for 5-(HydroxyMethyl) Furfural (HMF) to 2,5-bis(HydroxyMethyl)-Furan (BHMF) formation in comparison to the Ag film. Moreover, a similar ECH current density was recorded at a reduced working potential of 220 mV for rAg. This high performance of rAg is attributed to the formation of new catalytically active sites during the Ag oxidation and reduction processes. This study demonstrates that rAg can potentially be used for the ECH process with minimum energy consumption and a higher production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baleeswaraiah Muchharla
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering Technology, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, United States
| | - Moumita Dikshit
- Laboratory of Environmental Sustainability and Energy Research (LESER), National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ujjwal Pokharel
- Biomass Research Laboratory (BRL), Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | | | - Adetayo Adedeji
- Department of Natural Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, United States
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Laboratory of Environmental Sustainability and Energy Research (LESER), National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Hani Elsayed-Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | | | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Biomass Research Laboratory (BRL), Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Bijandra Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering Technology, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, United States
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12
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Page JR, Manfredi Z, Bliznakov S, Valla JA. Recent Progress in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-Oil Model Compounds and Bio-Oils to Renewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:394. [PMID: 36614733 PMCID: PMC9822173 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable production of renewable carbon-based fuels and chemicals remains a necessary but immense challenge in the fight against climate change. Bio-oil derived from lignocellulosic biomass requires energy-intense upgrading to produce usable fuels or chemicals. Traditional upgrading methods such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) require high temperatures (200−400 °C) and 200 bar of external hydrogen. Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH), on the other hand, operates at low temperatures (<80 °C), ambient pressure, and does not require an external hydrogen source. These environmental and economically favorable conditions make ECH a promising alternative to conventional thermochemical upgrading processes. ECH combines renewable electricity with biomass conversion and harnesses intermediately generated electricity to produce drop-in biofuels. This review aims to summarize recent studies on bio-oil upgrading using ECH focusing on the development of novel catalytic materials and factors impacting ECH efficiency and products. Here, electrode design, reaction temperature, applied overpotential, and electrolytes are analyzed for their impacts on overall ECH performance. We find that through careful reaction optimization and electrode design, ECH reactions can be tailored to be efficient and selective for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Preliminary economic and environmental assessments have shown that ECH can be viable alternative to convention upgrading technologies with the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 3 times compared to thermochemical upgrading. While the field of electrochemical upgrading of bio-oil has additional challenges before commercialization, this review finds ECH a promising avenue to produce renewable carbon-based drop-in biofuels. Finally, based on the analyses presented in this review, directions for future research areas and optimization are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Page
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Rd, Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, 44 Weaver Rd, Unit 5233, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zachary Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Stoyan Bliznakov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Rd, Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, 44 Weaver Rd, Unit 5233, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Julia A. Valla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Rd, Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, 44 Weaver Rd, Unit 5233, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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13
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Munirathinam B, Lerch L, Hüne D, Lentz L, Lenk T, Görke M, Garnweitner G, Schlüter N, Kubannek F, Schröder D, Gimpel T. Enhanced Performance of Laser‐Structured Copper Electrodes Towards Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Munirathinam
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering (InES) Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19B 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lukas Lerch
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering (InES) Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19B 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dorian Hüne
- Research Center Energy Storage Technologies (EST) Clausthal University of Technology Am Stollen 19 A 38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Lukas Lentz
- Research Center Energy Storage Technologies (EST) Clausthal University of Technology Am Stollen 19 A 38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Thorben Lenk
- Institut für Ökologische und Nachhaltige Chemie (IÖNC) Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Marion Görke
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT) Technische Universität Braunschweig Volkmaroder Str. 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT) Technische Universität Braunschweig Volkmaroder Str. 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
- Battery Lab Factory Braunschweig (BLB) Technische Universität Braunschweig Volkmaroder Str. 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlüter
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering (InES) Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19B 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Fabian Kubannek
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering (InES) Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19B 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering (InES) Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19B 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Battery Lab Factory Braunschweig (BLB) Technische Universität Braunschweig Volkmaroder Str. 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Thomas Gimpel
- Research Center Energy Storage Technologies (EST) Clausthal University of Technology Am Stollen 19 A 38640 Goslar Germany
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14
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Ji K, Xu M, Xu S, Wang Y, Ge R, Hu X, Sun X, Duan H. Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by a Ru
1
Cu Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209849. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Si‐Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ruixiang Ge
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Beijing 100013 China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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15
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Yuan X, Lee K, Bender MT, Schmidt JR, Choi K. Mechanistic Differences between Electrochemical Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Their pH Dependence. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200952. [PMID: 35731931 PMCID: PMC9542785 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis are two important reactions for electrochemical reductive valorization of biomass-derived oxygenates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In general, hydrogenolysis (which combines hydrogenation and deoxygenation) is more challenging than hydrogenation (which does not involve the cleavage of carbon-oxygen bonds). Thus, identifying factors and conditions that can promote hydrogenolysis is of great interest for reductive valorization of biomass-derived oxygenates. For the electrochemical reduction of HMF and its derivatives, it is known that aldehyde hydrogenation is not a part of aldehyde hydrogenolysis but rather a competing reaction; however, no atomic-level understanding is currently available to explain their electrochemical mechanistic differences. In this study, combined experimental and computational investigations were performed using Cu electrodes to elucidate the key mechanistic differences between electrochemical hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of HMF. The results revealed that hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of HMF involve the formation of different surface-adsorbed intermediates via different reduction mechanisms and that lowering the pH promoted the formation of the intermediates required for aldehyde and alcohol hydrogenolysis. This study for the first time explains the origins of the experimentally observed pH-dependent selectivities for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis and offers a new mechanistic foundation upon which rational strategies to control electrochemical hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | - Kwanpyung Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | - Michael T. Bender
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | - J. R. Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | - Kyoung‐Shin Choi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
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16
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Zhong Y, Ren R, Peng Y, Wang J, Ren X, Li Q, Fan Y. In situ construction of hierarchical Ag-decorated Cu nanowire arrays as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Ji K, Xu M, Xu SM, Wang Y, Ge R, Hu X, Sun X, Duan H. Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by a Ru1Cu Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Ji
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ming Xu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Si-Min Xu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ye Wang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ruixiang Ge
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing Research Instituted of Chemical Industry CHILE
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Haohong Duan
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Chemistry Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing CHINA
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18
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de Luna GS, Sacco A, Hernandez S, Ospitali F, Albonetti S, Fornasari G, Benito P. Insights into the Electrochemical Reduction of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural at High Current Densities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102504. [PMID: 35129857 PMCID: PMC9400883 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is highly selective to 2,5-bishydroxymethylfuran (BHMF) at pH=9.2, diluted HMF solutions, and low current densities. In this work, the electrochemical reduction of 0.05 m HMF solutions was investigated in the 5-50 mA cm-2 current density range over an AgCu foam electrocatalyst. The selectivity towards the formation of BHMF or the dimerization depended on the current density, likely due to differences in the electrode potential, and on the reaction time. Operating at current densities of 40-50 mA cm-2 allowed to find a trade-off between HMF and H2 O activation, achieving 85 % BHMF selectivity and fostering the productivity (0.567 mmol cm-2 h-1 ), though co-producing H2 . The electrochemical characterization by Tafel slopes and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the HMF reduction was kinetically favored in comparison to the hydrogen evolution reaction and that the process was limited by charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancosimo Sanghez de Luna
- Dip. di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136Bologna (BO)Italy
| | - Adriano Sacco
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @POLITOIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Livorno 6010144TurinItaly
| | - Simelys Hernandez
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @POLITOIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Livorno 6010144TurinItaly
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT)Politecnico di TorinoC.so Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TurinItaly
| | - Francesca Ospitali
- Dip. di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136Bologna (BO)Italy
| | - Stefania Albonetti
- Dip. di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136Bologna (BO)Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fornasari
- Dip. di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136Bologna (BO)Italy
| | - Patricia Benito
- Dip. di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136Bologna (BO)Italy
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19
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Kloth R, Vasilyev DV, Mayrhofer KJJ, Katsounaros I. Electroreductive 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Dimerization on Carbon Electrodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5245-5253. [PMID: 34549892 PMCID: PMC9298403 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of biomass-based compounds to fuels and fuel precursors can aid the defossilization of the transportation sector. Herein, the electrohydrodimerization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to the fuel precursor 5,5'-bis(hydroxymethyl)hydrofuroin (BHH) was investigated on different carbon electrodes. Compared to boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes a less negative HMF reduction onset potential and a switch in product selectivity from BHH to the electrocatalytic hydrogenation product 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF) with increasing overpotential was found. On BDD, the electrohydrodimerization was the dominant process independent of the applied potential. An increase in the initial HMF concentration led to suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction and DHMF formation, resulting in higher BHH faradaic efficiencies. In contrast, BHH selectivity decreased with higher initial HMF concentration, which was attributed to increased electrochemically induced HMF degradation. Finally, it was demonstrated that even a simple graphite foil can function as an active HMF electroreduction catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Kloth
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHHelmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Egerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dmitry V. Vasilyev
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHHelmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Egerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHHelmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Egerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHHelmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Egerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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