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Randerson SA, Zotev PG, Hu X, Knight AJ, Wang Y, Nagarkar S, Hensman D, Wang Y, Tartakovskii AI. High Q Hybrid Mie-Plasmonic Resonances in van der Waals Nanoantennas on Gold Substrate. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16208-16221. [PMID: 38869002 PMCID: PMC11210342 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric nanoresonators have been shown to circumvent the heavy optical losses associated with plasmonic devices; however, they suffer from less confined resonances. By constructing a hybrid system of both dielectric and metallic materials, one can retain low losses, while achieving stronger mode confinement. Here, we use a high refractive index multilayer transition-metal dichalcogenide WS2 exfoliated on gold to fabricate and optically characterize a hybrid nanoantenna-on-gold system. We experimentally observe a hybridization of Mie resonances, Fabry-Perot modes, and surface plasmon-polaritons launched from the nanoantennas into the substrate. We measure the experimental quality factors of hybridized Mie-plasmonic (MP) modes to be up to 33 times that of standard Mie resonances in the nanoantennas on silica. We then tune the nanoantenna geometries to observe signatures of a supercavity mode with a further increased Q factor of over 260 in experiment. We show that this quasi-bound state in the continuum results from strong coupling between a Mie resonance and Fabry-Perot-plasmonic mode in the vicinity of the higher-order anapole condition. We further simulate WS2 nanoantennas on gold with a 5 nm thick hBN spacer in between. By placing a dipole within this spacer, we calculate the overall light extraction enhancement of over 107, resulting from the strong, subwavelength confinement of the incident light, a Purcell factor of over 700, and high directivity of the emitted light of up to 50%. We thus show that multilayer TMDs can be used to realize simple-to-fabricate, hybrid dielectric-on-metal nanophotonic devices granting access to high-Q, strongly confined, MP resonances, along with a large enhancement for emitters in the TMD-gold gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Randerson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Panaiot G. Zotev
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Xuerong Hu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Knight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Sharada Nagarkar
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Dominic Hensman
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Physics, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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2
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Chen CY, Moore SL, Maiti R, Ginsberg JS, Jadidi MM, Li B, Chae SH, Rajendran A, Patwardhan GN, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone J, Basov DN, Gaeta AL. Unzipping hBN with ultrashort mid-infrared pulses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi3653. [PMID: 38691599 PMCID: PMC11062566 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the nanostructure of materials is critical for numerous applications in electronics, magnetics, and photonics. However, conventional methods such as lithography and laser writing require cleanroom facilities or leave residue. We describe an approach to creating atomically sharp line defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) at room temperature by direct optical phonon excitation with a mid-infrared pulsed laser from free space. We term this phenomenon "unzipping" to describe the rapid formation and growth of a crack tens of nanometers wide from a point within the laser-driven region. Formation of these features is attributed to the large atomic displacement and high local bond strain produced by strongly driving the crystal at a natural resonance. This process occurs only via coherent phonon excitation and is highly sensitive to the relative orientation of the crystal axes and the laser polarization. Its cleanliness, directionality, and sharpness enable applications such as polariton cavities, phonon-wave coupling, and in situ flake cleaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y. Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Samuel L. Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rishi Maiti
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Jared S. Ginsberg
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M. Mehdi Jadidi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Baichang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Anjaly Rajendran
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gauri N. Patwardhan
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D. N. Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexander L. Gaeta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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3
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Nonappa. Precision nanoengineering for functional self-assemblies across length scales. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13800-13819. [PMID: 37902292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
As nanotechnology continues to push the boundaries across disciplines, there is an increasing need for engineering nanomaterials with atomic-level precision for self-assembly across length scales, i.e., from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Although molecular self-assembly allows atomic precision, extending it beyond certain length scales presents a challenge. Therefore, the attention has turned to size and shape-controlled metal nanoparticles as building blocks for multifunctional colloidal self-assemblies. However, traditionally, metal nanoparticles suffer from polydispersity, uncontrolled aggregation, and inhomogeneous ligand distribution, resulting in heterogeneous end products. In this feature article, I will discuss how virus capsids provide clues for designing subunit-based, precise, efficient, and error-free self-assembly of colloidal molecules. The atomically precise nanoscale proteinic subunits of capsids display rigidity (conformational and structural) and patchy distribution of interacting sites. Recent experimental evidence suggests that atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters display an anisotropic distribution of ligands and patchy ligand bundles. This enables symmetry breaking, consequently offering a facile route for two-dimensional colloidal crystals, bilayers, and elastic monolayer membranes. Furthermore, inter-nanocluster interactions mediated via the ligand functional groups are versatile, offering routes for discrete supracolloidal capsids, composite cages, toroids, and macroscopic hierarchically porous frameworks. Therefore, engineered nanoparticles with atomically precise structures have the potential to overcome the limitations of molecular self-assembly and large colloidal particles. Self-assembly allows the emergence of new optical properties, mechanical strength, photothermal stability, catalytic efficiency, quantum yield, and biological properties. The self-assembled structures allow reproducible optoelectronic properties, mechanical performance, and accurate sensing. More importantly, the intrinsic properties of individual nanoclusters are retained across length scales. The atomically precise nanoparticles offer enormous potential for next-generation functional materials, optoelectronics, precision sensors, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Facutly of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland.
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4
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Jones AJH, Gammelgaard L, Sauer MO, Biswas D, Koch RJ, Jozwiak C, Rotenberg E, Bostwick A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Dean CR, Jauho AP, Bøggild P, Pedersen TG, Jessen BS, Ulstrup S. Nanoscale View of Engineered Massive Dirac Quasiparticles in Lithographic Superstructures. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19354-19362. [PMID: 36321616 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Massive Dirac fermions are low-energy electronic excitations characterized by a hyperbolic band dispersion. They play a central role in several emerging physical phenomena such as topological phase transitions, anomalous Hall effects, and superconductivity. This work demonstrates that massive Dirac fermions can be controllably induced by lithographically patterning superstructures of nanoscale holes in a graphene device. Their band dispersion is systematically visualized using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with nanoscale spatial resolution. A linear scaling of effective mass with feature sizes is reported, underlining the Dirac nature of the superstructures. In situ electrostatic doping dramatically enhances the effective hole mass and leads to the direct observation of an electronic band gap that results in a peak-to-peak band separation of 0.64 ± 0.03 eV, which is shown via first-principles calculations to be strongly renormalized by carrier-induced screening. The methodology demonstrates band structure engineering guided by directly viewing structurally and electrically tunable massive Dirac quasiparticles in lithographic superstructures at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred J H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lene Gammelgaard
- DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel O Sauer
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220Aalborg Øst, Denmark
- Department of Mathematical Science, Aalborg University, 9220Aalborg Øst, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), 9220Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Deepnarayan Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Roland J Koch
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Antti-Pekka Jauho
- DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas G Pedersen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220Aalborg Øst, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), 9220Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Bjarke S Jessen
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Søren Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Establishment of a new horizontal casting device and evaluation system for characterizing the homogeneity of food soft matter solution. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Munkhbat B, Wróbel P, Antosiewicz TJ, Shegai TO. Optical Constants of Several Multilayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Measured by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in the 300-1700 nm Range: High Index, Anisotropy, and Hyperbolicity. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:2398-2407. [PMID: 35880067 PMCID: PMC9306003 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) attract significant attention due to their remarkable optical and excitonic properties. It was understood already in the 1960s and recently rediscovered that many TMDs possess a high refractive index and optical anisotropy, which make them attractive for nanophotonic applications. However, accurate analysis and predictions of nanooptical phenomena require knowledge of dielectric constants along both in- and out-of-plane directions and over a broad spectral range, information that is often inaccessible or incomplete. Here, we present an experimental study of optical constants from several exfoliated TMD multilayers obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry in the broad range of 300-1700 nm. The specific materials studied include semiconducting WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2, as well as in-plane anisotropic ReS2 and WTe2 and metallic TaS2, TaSe2, and NbSe2. The extracted parameters demonstrate a high index (n up to ∼4.84 for MoTe2), significant anisotropy (n ∥ - n ⊥ ≈ 1.54 for MoTe2), and low absorption in the near-infrared region. Moreover, metallic TMDs show potential for combined plasmonic-dielectric behavior and hyperbolicity, as their plasma frequency occurs at around ∼1000-1300 nm depending on the material. The knowledge of optical constants of these materials opens new experimental and computational possibilities for further development of all-TMD nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battulga Munkhbat
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Photonics Engineering, Technical University
of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr Wróbel
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Antosiewicz
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Smith LW, Batey JO, Alexander-Webber JA, Hsieh YC, Fung SJ, Albrow-Owen T, Beere HE, Burton OJ, Hofmann S, Ritchie DA, Kelly M, Chen TM, Joyce HJ, Smith CG. Giant Magnetoresistance in a Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene Constriction. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2833-2842. [PMID: 35109656 PMCID: PMC9098165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field-driven insulating states in graphene are associated with samples of very high quality. Here, this state is shown to exist in monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and wet transferred on Al2O3 without encapsulation with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) or other specialized fabrication techniques associated with superior devices. Two-terminal measurements are performed at low temperature using a GaAs-based multiplexer. During high-throughput testing, insulating properties are found in a 10 μm long graphene device which is 10 μm wide at one contact with an ≈440 nm wide constriction at the other. The low magnetic field mobility is ≈6000 cm2 V-1 s-1. An energy gap induced by the magnetic field opens at charge neutrality, leading to diverging resistance and current switching on the order of 104 with DC bias voltage at an approximate electric field strength of ≈0.04 V μm-1 at high magnetic field. DC source-drain bias measurements show behavior associated with tunneling through a potential barrier and a transition between direct tunneling at low bias to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at high bias from which the tunneling region is estimated to be on the order of ≈100 nm. Transport becomes activated with temperature from which the gap size is estimated to be 2.4 to 2.8 meV at B = 10 T. Results suggest that a local electronically high quality region exists within the constriction, which dominates transport at high B, causing the device to become insulating and act as a tunnel junction. The use of wet transfer fabrication techniques of CVD material without encapsulation with h-BN and the combination with multiplexing illustrates the convenience of these scalable and reasonably simple methods to find high quality devices for fundamental physics research and with functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W. Smith
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jack O. Batey
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A. Alexander-Webber
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Chiang Hsieh
- Department
of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jr Fung
- Department
of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tom Albrow-Owen
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey E. Beere
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J. Burton
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Ritchie
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Kelly
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Tse-Ming Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hannah J. Joyce
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Charles G. Smith
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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