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Shukla S, Joshi NN, Kadian S, Narayan RJ. Development of Drug-Loaded PCL@MOF Film Enclosed in a Photo Polymeric Container for Sustained Release. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5382-5396. [PMID: 38992948 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The programmed fabrication of oral dosage forms is associated with several challenges such as controlled loading and disintegration. To optimize the drug payload, excipient breakdown, and site-specific sustained release of hydrophobic drug (sulfamethoxazole, SM), we propose the development of acrylate polymer tablets enclosed with drug-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) films. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is physisorbed into the porous iron (Fe)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and later converted to tangible PCL films, which, upon folding, are incorporated into the acrylate polymer matrices (P1/P2/P3). X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed the stability and homogeneous distribution of MOF within the 50 μm thick film. Adsorption-desorption measurements at ambient temperatures confirmed the decrease in the BET surface area of PCL films by 40%, which was ∼3.01 m/g, and pore volume from 30 to 9 nm. The decrease in adsorption and surface parameters could confirm the gradual accessibility of SM molecules once exposed to a degrading environment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses of in vitro dissolution confirmed the presence of the drug in the MOF-PCL film-enclosed tablets and concluded the cumulative SM release at pH ∼ 8.2 which followed the order SM@Fe-MOF < P1/P2/P3 < PCL-SM@Fe-MOF < P1/PCL-SM@Fe-MOF < P3/PCL-SM@Fe-MOF. The results of the study indicate that the P3/PCL-SM@Fe-MOF assembly has potential use as a biomedical drug delivery alternative carrier for effective drug loading and stimuli-responsive flexible release to attain high bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Naveen Narasimhachar Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
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de Jesús Espinosa-Champo A, Naumis GG. Flat bands without twists: periodic holey graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:275703. [PMID: 38565130 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad39be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Holey Graphene(HG) is a widely used graphene material for the synthesis of high-purity and highly crystalline materials. The electronic properties of a periodic distribution of lattice holes are explored here, demonstrating the emergence of flat bands. It is established that such flat bands arise as a consequence of an induced sublattice site imbalance, i.e. by having more sites in one of the graphene's bipartite sublattice than in the other. This is equivalent to the breaking of a path-exchange symmetry. By further breaking the inversion symmetry, gaps and a nonzero Berry curvature are induced, leading to topological bands. In particular, the folding of the Dirac cones from the hexagonal Brillouin zone (BZ) to the holey superlattice rectangular BZ of HG, with sizes proportional to an integerntimes the graphene's lattice parameter, leads to a periodicity in the gap formation such thatn≡0(mod 3). A low-energy hamiltonian for the three central bands is also obtained revealing that the system behaves as an effectiveα-T3graphene material. Therefore, a simple protocol is presented here that allows for obtaining flat bands at will. Such bands are known to increase electron-electron correlation effects. Therefore, the present work provides an alternative system that is much easier to build than twisted systems, allowing for the production of flat bands and potentially highly correlated quantum phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdiel de Jesús Espinosa-Champo
- Posgrado de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364 01000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Depto. de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, 01000 CDMX, Mexico
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-542, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gerardo G Naumis
- Depto. de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, 01000 CDMX, Mexico
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Shukla S, Khanna S, Sahoo S, Joshi N, Narayan R. Nanomaterial-Coated Carbon-Fiber-Based Multicontact Array Sensors for In Vitro Monitoring of Serotonin Levels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:472-484. [PMID: 38166214 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of multicontact hierarchical probes for the in vitro detection of serotonin levels. The basic three-dimensional (3D) bendable prototypes with 3 (C1), 6 (C2), or 9 (C3) contact surfaces were printed from polymeric resin via the digital light processing (DLP) technique. We chose ultrasonicated carbon fiber strands to transform these designs into multicontact carbon fiber electrodes (MCCFEs). The exposed carbon fiber (CF) surfaces were modified with aminopropyl alkoxysilane (APTMS), followed by the subsequent loading of palladium nanoclusters (PdNPs) to build active recording sites. CF functionalization with PdNPs was achieved by the wet chemical reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0). The MCCFE configurations demonstrated an enhancement in the electroactive surface area and an improved voltammetric response toward 5-HT oxidation by increasing the points of the contacts (i.e., from C1 to C3). These MCCFEs are comparable to 3D-protruding electrodes as they can enable multipoint analyte detection. Along with the electrode patterns, morphological irregularities associated with both Pd-doped and undoped CFs supported the creation of proximal diffusion layers for facile mass transfer. Low detection limits of 0.8-10 nM over a wide concentration range, from 0.005 nM to 1 mM, were demonstrated. The MCCFE sensors had a relatively low standard deviation value of ∼2%. This type of sensitive and cost-effective electrochemical sensor may prove useful for collecting electrical impulses and long-term monitoring of 5-HT in vivo in addition to in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Sumeer Khanna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Siba Sahoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Naveen Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Roger Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
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Shukla S, Jakowski J, Kadian S, Narayan RJ. Computational approaches to delivery of anticancer drugs with multidimensional nanomaterials. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4149-4158. [PMID: 37675288 PMCID: PMC10477808 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalized nanotubes (NTs), nanosheets, nanorods, and porous organometallic scaffolds are potential in vivo carriers for cancer therapeutics. Precise delivery through these agents depends on factors like hydrophobicity, payload capacity, bulk/surface adsorption, orientation of molecules inside the host matrix, bonding, and nonbonding interactions. Herein, we summarize advances in simulation techniques, which are extremely valuable in initial geometry optimization and evaluation of the loading and unloading behavior of encapsulated drug molecules. Computational methods broadly involve the use of quantum and classical mechanics for studying the behavior of molecular properties. Combining theoretical processes with experimental techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and bioassays, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of biological molecules. This integrated approach has led to numerous breakthroughs in drug discovery, enzyme design, and the study of complex biological processes. This short review provides an overview of results and challenges described from erstwhile investigations on the molecular interaction of anticancer drugs with nanocarriers of different aspect ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States
| | - Jacek Jakowski
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States
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Beduk D, Beduk T, de Oliveira Filho JI, Ait Lahcen A, Aldemir E, Guler Celik E, Salama KN, Timur S. Smart Multiplex Point-of-Care Platform for Simultaneous Drug Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37247-37258. [PMID: 37499237 PMCID: PMC10416146 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, illicit drug use has become more widespread and is linked to problems with crime and public health. These drugs disrupt consciousness, affecting perceptions and feelings. Combining stimulants and depressants to suppress the effect of drugs has become the most common reason for drug overdose deaths. On-site platforms for illicit-drug detection have gained an important role in dealing, without any excess equipment, long process, and training, with drug abuse and drug trafficking. Consequently, the development of rapid, sensitive, noninvasive, and reliable multiplex drug-detecting platforms has become a major necessity. In this study, a multiplex laser-scribed graphene (LSG) sensing platform with one counter, one reference, and three working electrodes was developed for rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of amphetamine (AMP), cocaine (COC), and benzodiazepine (BZD) simultaneously in saliva samples. The multidetection sensing system was combined with a custom-made potentiostat to achieve a complete point-of-care (POC) platform. Smartphone integration was achieved by a customized application to operate, display, and send data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplex LSG-based electrochemical platform designed for illicit-drug detection with a custom-made potentiostat device to build a complete POC platform. Each working electrode was optimized with standard solutions of AMP, COC, and BZD in the concentration range of 1.0 pg/mL-500 ng/mL. The detection limit of each illicit drug was calculated as 4.3 ng/mL for AMP, 9.7 ng/mL for BZD, and 9.0 ng/mL for COC. Healthy and MET (methamphetamine) patient saliva samples were used for the clinical study. The multiplex LSG sensor was able to detect target analytes in real saliva samples successfully. This multiplex detection device serves the role of a practical and affordable alternative to conventional drug-detection methods by combining multiple drug detections in one portable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Beduk
- Central
Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Silicon
Austria Labs (SAL) GmbH, Europastraße 12, 9500 Villach, Austria
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical,
and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Ilton de Oliveira Filho
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical,
and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif Ait Lahcen
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Dalio
Institute for Cardiovascular Imaging, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Ebru Aldemir
- Department
of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir
Tinaztepe University, 35400 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Khaled Nabil Salama
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical,
and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suna Timur
- Central
Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege
University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Shukla S, Huston RH, Cox BD, Satoskar AR, Narayan RJ. Transdermal delivery via medical device technologies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1505-1519. [PMID: 36222232 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2135503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite their effectiveness and indispensability, many drugs are poorly solvated in aqueous solutions. Over recent decades, the need for targeted drug delivery has led to the development of pharmaceutical formulations with enhanced lipid solubility to improve their delivery properties. Therefore, a dependable approach for administering lipid-soluble drugs needs to be developed. AREAS COVERED The advent of 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the development of medical devices, which can effectively enable the delivery of lipophilic drugs to the targeted tissues. This review focuses on the use of microneedles and iontophoresis for transdermal drug delivery. Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition modeling have emerged as valuable approaches for delivering several classes of drugs. In addition, iontophoresis has been successfully employed for the effective delivery of macromolecular drugs. EXPERT OPINION Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition are potentially useful for many drug delivery applications; however, the clinical and commercial adoption rates of these technologies are relatively low. Additional efforts is needed to enable the pharmaceutical community to fully realize the benefits of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Ryan H Huston
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12 Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blake D Cox
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
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Gupta S, Joshi P, Sachan R, Narayan J. Fabricating Graphene Oxide/h-BN Metal Insulator Semiconductor Diodes by Nanosecond Laser Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2718. [PMID: 35957151 PMCID: PMC9370297 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To employ graphene's rapid conduction in 2D devices, a heterostructure with a broad bandgap dielectric that is free of traps is required. Within this paradigm, h-BN is a good candidate because of its graphene-like structure and ultrawide bandgap. We show how to make such a heterostructure by irradiating alternating layers of a-C and a-BN film with a nanosecond excimer laser, melting and zone-refining constituent layers in the process. With Raman spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS analyses, we demonstrate this localized zone-refining into phase-pure h-BN and rGO films with distinct Raman vibrational modes and SIMS profile flattening after laser irradiation. Furthermore, in comparing laser-irradiated rGO-Si MS and rGO/h-BN/Si MIS diodes, the MIS diodes exhibit an increased turn-on voltage (4.4 V) and low leakage current. The MIS diode I-V characteristics reveal direct tunneling conduction under low bias and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling in the high-voltage regime, turning the MIS diode ON with improved rectification and current flow. This study sheds light on the nonequilibrium approaches to engineering h-BN and graphene heterostructures for ultrathin field effect transistor device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | - Pratik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | - Ritesh Sachan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jagdish Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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