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Gonzalez-Rosillo JC, Guc M, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Attallah AG, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Izquierdo-Roca V, Baiutti F, Morata A, Tarancón A. Insights into the LiMn 2O 4 Cathode Stability in Aqueous Electrolytes. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:6144-6153. [PMID: 38947977 PMCID: PMC11209945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathodes present large stability when cycled in aqueous electrolytes, contrasting with their behavior in conventional organic electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this distinctive behavior, we employ unconventional characterization techniques, including variable energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (VEPALS), tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), and macro-Raman spectroscopy (with tens of μm-size laser spot). These still rather unexplored techniques in the battery field provide complementary information across different length scales, revealing previously hidden features. VEPALS offers atomic-scale insights, uncovering cationic defects and subnanometer pores that tend to collapse with cycling. TERS, operating in the nanometric range at the surface, captured the presence of Mn3O4 and its dissolution with cycling, elucidating dynamic changes during operation. Additionally, TERS highlights the accumulation of SO4 2- at grain boundaries. Macro-Raman spectroscopy focuses on the micrometer scale, depicting small changes in the cathode's long-range order, suggesting a slow but progressive loss of crystalline quality under operation. Integrating these techniques provides a comprehensive assessment of LMO cathode stability in aqueous electrolytes, offering multifaceted insights into phase and defect evolution that can help to rationalize the origin of such stability when compared with conventional organic electrolytes. Our findings advance the understanding of LMO behavior in aqueous environments and provide guidelines for its development for next-generation LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gonzalez-Rosillo
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maxim Guc
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maciej Oskar Liedke
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden − Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden − Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ahmed G. Attallah
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden − Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric Hirschmann
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden − Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute
of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden − Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Victor Izquierdo-Roca
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Baiutti
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Morata
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Tarancón
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, Planta 2, 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Lovett AJ, Kursumovic A, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Lithium Loss in Vacuum Deposited Thin Films. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:1753-1758. [PMID: 38633998 PMCID: PMC11019639 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lovett
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 7JE
| | - Ahmed Kursumovic
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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Zheng J, Xia R, Baiju S, Sun Z, Kaghazchi P, ten Elshof JE, Koster G, Huijben M. Stabilizing Crystal Framework of an Overlithiated Li 1+xMn 2O 4 Cathode by Heterointerfacial Epitaxial Strain for High-Performance Microbatteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25391-25404. [PMID: 38088313 PMCID: PMC10753873 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing demands of high-energy and high-power-density lithium-ion microbatteries, overlithiated Li1+xMn2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is an attractive cathode candidate due to the high theoretical capacity of 296 mAh g-1 and the interconnected lithium-ion diffusion pathways. However, overlithiation triggers the irreversible cubic-tetragonal phase transition due to Jahn-Teller distortion, causing rapid capacity degradation. In contrast to conventional lithium-ion batteries, microbatteries offer the opportunity to develop specific thin-film-based modification strategies. Here, heterointerfacial lattice strain is proposed to stabilize the spinel crystal framework of an overlithiated Li1+xMn2O4 (LMO) cathode by epitaxial thin film growth on an underlying SrRuO3 (SRO) electronic conductor layer. It is demonstrated that the lattice misfit at the LMO/SRO heterointerface results in an in-plane epitaxial constraint in the full LMO film. This suppresses the lattice expansion during overlithiation that typically occurs in the in-plane direction. It is proposed by density functional theory modeling that the epitaxial constraint can accommodate the internal lattice stress originating from the cubic-tetragonal transition during overlithiation. As a result, a doubling of the capacity is achieved by reversibly intercalating a second lithium ion in a LiMn2O4 epitaxial cathode with a complete reversible phase transition. An impressive cycling stability can be obtained with reversible capacity retentions of above 90.3 and 77.4% for the 4 and 3 V range, respectively. This provides an effective strategy toward a stable overlithiated Li1+xMn2O4 epitaxial cathode for high-performance microbatteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- University
of Twente, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, P.O.
Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Xia
- University
of Twente, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, P.O.
Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sourav Baiju
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy
and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Zixiong Sun
- University
of Twente, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, P.O.
Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Payam Kaghazchi
- University
of Twente, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, P.O.
Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy
and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Johan E ten Elshof
- University
of Twente, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, P.O.
Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Koster
- University
of Twente, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, P.O.
Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Huijben
- University
of Twente, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, P.O.
Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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