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Boateng D, Li X, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wu M, Liu J, Kang Y, Zeng H, Han L. Recent advances in flexible hydrogel sensors: Enhancing data processing and machine learning for intelligent perception. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116499. [PMID: 38896981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of flexible electronics and sensing technology, hydrogel-based flexible sensors have exhibited considerable potential across a diverse range of applications, including wearable electronics and soft robotics. Recently, advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms have been integrated into flexible hydrogel sensing technology to enhance their data processing capabilities and to achieve intelligent perception. However, there are no reviews specifically focusing on the data processing steps and analysis based on the raw sensing data obtained by flexible hydrogel sensors. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the latest advancements and breakthroughs in intelligent perception achieved through the fusion of ML algorithms with flexible hydrogel sensors, across various applications. Moreover, this review thoroughly examines the data processing techniques employed in flexible hydrogel sensors, offering valuable perspectives expected to drive future data-driven applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Boateng
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Xukai Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Jifang Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518188, China.
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2
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Kumar A, Kumari P, Senthil Kumar M, Gupta G, Shivagan DD, Bapna K. A high-performance flexible humidity sensor based on a TiO 2-MWCNT nanocomposite for human healthcare applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39072697 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The present work shows the improved humidity sensing characteristics of TiO2 nanoparticles in the form of a nanocomposite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared by a hydration-dehydration method. The structural and morphological characterizations of TiO2-MWCNTs confirm the nanocomposite formation without any other impurities and with an improved surface area. The pure TiO2 and nanocomposite films are deposited on IDE coated flexible poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by a drop casting method. The nanocomposite shows improved sensitivity (1246.2 MΩ/%RH) and an ultrafast response/recovery time (2 s/1 s) with a minimal hysteresis of 0.27%RH. Further, the flexible nanocomposite sensor is tested for human healthcare applications including respiratory monitoring, apnea like situations, and skin moisture detection. The sensor can distinguish different breath patterns like normal, fast, deep and apnea like situations significantly. Skin moisture detection can also be performed using the nanocomposite sensor in a non-invasive manner. Overall, this study represents an environmentally friendly, easy to fabricate, flexible TiO2-MWCNT nanocomposite based improved humidity sensor for application in human healthcare and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Temperature and Humidity Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Parvesh Kumari
- Temperature and Humidity Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - M Senthil Kumar
- Sensor Devices and Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Temperature and Humidity Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - D D Shivagan
- Temperature and Humidity Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Komal Bapna
- Temperature and Humidity Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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3
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Du F, Ma A, Wang W, Bai L, Chen H, Wei D, Yin K, Yang L, Yang H. Phytic Acid-Functional Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Application in Self-Healing Nanocomposite Hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14602-14612. [PMID: 38963442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have garnered significant attention as a modifiable substrate because of their exceptional performances, including remarkable degradability, high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, and biocompatibility. In this article, the successful adsorption of phytic acid (PA) onto the surface of cellulose nanocrystals @polydopamine (CNC@PDA) was achieved. Taking inspiration from mussels, a dopamine self-polymerization reaction was employed to coat the surface of CNCs with PDA. Utilizing Pickering emulsion, the CNC@PDA-PA nanomaterial was obtained by grafting PA onto CNC@PDA. An environmentally friendly hydrogel was prepared through various reversible interactions using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and Fe3+ as raw materials with the assistance of CNC@PDA-PA. By multiple hydrogen bonding and metal-ligand coordination, nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit remarkable mechanical properties (the tensile strength and strain were 1.82 MPa and 442.1%, respectively) in addition to spectacular healing abilities (96.6% after 5 h). The study aimed to develop an innovative approach for fabricating nanocomposite hydrogels with exceptional self-healing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fashuo Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Anyao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liangjiu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Donglei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Kun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Huawei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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4
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Kong D, Li Y, Yang B, Pang Y, Yuan H, Du C, Tan Y. 3D-Printed Hydrogels with High-Strength and Anisotropy Mediated by Chain Rigidity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403052. [PMID: 38970551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Extrusion-based 3D printing is a facile technology to construct complex structures of hydrogels, especially for tough hydrogels that have shown demonstrated potential in load-bearing materials and tissue engineering. However, 3D-printed hydrogels often possess mechanical properties that do not guarantee their usage in tissue-mimicking, load-bearing components, and motion sensors. This study proposes a novel strategy to construct high-strength and anisotropic Fe3+ cross-linked poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/sodium alginate double network hydrogels. The semi-flexible sodium alginate chains act as a "conformation regulator" to promote the formation of strong intermolecular interactions between polymer chains and lock the more extended conformation exerted by the pre-stretch, enabling the construction of 3D-printed hydrogel structures with high orientation. The equilibrated anisotropic hydrogel filaments with a water content of 50-60 wt.% exhibit outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strength: 9-44 MPa; elongation at break: 120-668%; Young's modulus: 7-62 MPa; toughness: 26-52 MJ m- 3). 3D-printed anisotropic hydrogel structures with high mechanical performance show demonstrated potential as loading-bearing structures and electrodes of flexible triboelectric nanogenerators for versatile human motion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Biao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yaokun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yeqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Lu P, Liao X, Guo X, Cai C, Liu Y, Chi M, Du G, Wei Z, Meng X, Nie S. Gel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Flexible Sensing: Principles, Properties, and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:206. [PMID: 38819527 PMCID: PMC11143175 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technologies has increased the need for wearable, portable, and self-powered flexible sensing devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on gel materials (with excellent conductivity, mechanical tunability, environmental adaptability, and biocompatibility) are considered an advanced approach for developing a new generation of flexible sensors. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in gel-based TENGs for flexible sensors, covering their principles, properties, and applications. Based on the development requirements for flexible sensors, the working mechanism of gel-based TENGs and the characteristic advantages of gels are introduced. Design strategies for the performance optimization of hydrogel-, organogel-, and aerogel-based TENGs are systematically summarized. In addition, the applications of gel-based TENGs in human motion sensing, tactile sensing, health monitoring, environmental monitoring, human-machine interaction, and other related fields are summarized. Finally, the challenges of gel-based TENGs for flexible sensing are discussed, and feasible strategies are proposed to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Guo
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Du
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Wei
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjiang Meng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Yang H, Li S, Wu Y, Bao X, Xiang Z, Xie Y, Pan L, Chen J, Liu Y, Li RW. Advances in Flexible Magnetosensitive Materials and Devices for Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311996. [PMID: 38776537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging fields, such as wearable electronics, digital healthcare, the Internet of Things, and humanoid robots, highlight the need for flexible devices capable of recording signals on curved surfaces and soft objects. In particular, flexible magnetosensitive devices garner significant attention owing to their ability to combine the advantages of flexible electronics and magnetoelectronic devices, such as reshaping capability, conformability, contactless sensing, and navigation capability. Several key challenges must be addressed to develop well-functional flexible magnetic devices. These include determining how to make magnetic materials flexible and even elastic, understanding how the physical properties of magnetic films change under external strain and stress, and designing and constructing flexible magnetosensitive devices. In recent years, significant progress is made in addressing these challenges. This study aims to provide a timely and comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in flexible magnetosensitive devices. This includes discussions on the fabrications and mechanical regulations of flexible magnetic materials, the principles and performances of flexible magnetic sensors, and their applications for wearable electronics. In addition, future development trends and challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xilai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lili Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Choi JS, Meena JS, Choi SB, Jung SB, Kim JW. Water-Triggered Self-Healing of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Standalone Electrodes: Systematic Examination of Factors Affecting the Healing Process. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306434. [PMID: 38152953 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, with their remarkable attributes, stand at the forefront of diverse applications. However, the challenge remains in sustaining their performance, especially concerning Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes. Current self-healing techniques, although promising, often rely heavily on adjacent organic materials. This study illuminates a pioneering water-initiated self-healing mechanism tailored specifically for standalone MXene electrodes. Here, both water and select organic solvents seamlessly mend impaired regions. Comprehensive evaluations around solvent types, thermal conditions, and substrate nuances underline water's unmatched healing efficacy, attributed to its innate ability to forge enduring hydrogen bonds with MXenes. Optimal healing environments range from ambient conditions to a modest 50 °C. Notably, on substrates rich in hydroxyl groups, the healing efficiency remains consistently high. The proposed healing mechanism encompasses hydrogen bonding formation, capillary action-induced expansion of interlayer spacing, solvent lubrication, Gibbs free energy minimizing MXene nanosheet rearrangement, and solvent evaporation-triggered MXene layer recombination. MXenes' resilience is further showcased by their electrical revival from profound damages, culminating in the crafting of Joule-heated circuits and heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Choi
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jagan Singh Meena
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Core Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Choi
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seung-Boo Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
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8
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Xie M, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Lin T, Wang Y, Sheng L, Li J, Peng J, Zhai M. Mechanically Excellent, Notch-Insensitive, and Highly Conductive Double-Network Hydrogel for Flexible Strain Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22604-22613. [PMID: 38627235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel double-network conductive hydrogel based on lithium acetate/gelatin/polyacrylamide (PAAM) was synthesized by heating-cooling and subsequent γ-ray radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking. Owing to the hydrogen bonding interaction between lithium acetate, physical cross-linked gelatin, and chemical cross-linked PAAM, the resultant hydrogel exhibited high tensile strength (1260 kPa), high ionic conductivity (35.2 mS cm-1), notch-insensitivity (tensile strength 415 kPa, elongation at break 872% with transverse notch), and extensive strain monitoring range (0.15-800%) under optimum conditions. The lithium acetate/gelatin/polyacrylamide hydrogel strain sensor attached to the skin can sensitively monitor the subtle movements of the human body. The strain sensor based on the resultant hydrogel with transverse notch can still work for 1200 cycles, due to that the covalent-cross-linked PAAm chain bridges the cracks and stabilizes the deformation, while the physical-cross-linked gelatin was unzipped to make the blunting of notch. The conductive hydrogel with high-sensitivity and high stability is expected to be used as materials for the preparation of flexible strain sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, P R. China
| | - Tingrui Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Architectural Coating, Skshu Paint Co., Ltd., 518 North Liyuan Avenue, Licheng District, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Lang Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jiuqiang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jing Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Maolin Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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9
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Wicklein B, Valurouthu G, Yoon H, Yoo H, Ponnan S, Mahato M, Kim J, Ali SS, Park JY, Gogotsi Y, Oh IK. Influence of MXene Composition on Triboelectricity of MXene-Alginate Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16. [PMID: 38684057 PMCID: PMC11082886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
MXenes are highly versatile and conductive 2D materials that can significantly enhance the triboelectric properties of polymer nanocomposites. Despite the growing interest in the tunable chemistry of MXenes for energy applications, the effect of their chemical composition on triboelectric power generation has yet to be thoroughly studied. Here, we investigate the impact of the chemical composition of MXenes, specifically the Ti3CNTx carbonitride vs the most studied carbide, Ti3C2Tx, on their interactions with sodium alginate biopolymer and, ultimately, the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device. Our results show that adding 2 wt % of Ti3CNTx to alginate produces a synergistic effect that generates a higher triboelectric output than the Ti3C2Tx system. Spectroscopic analyses suggest that a higher oxygen and fluorine content on the surface of Ti3CNTx enhances hydrogen bonding with the alginate matrix, thereby increasing the surface charge density of the alginate oxygen atoms. This was further supported by Kelvin probe force microscopy, which revealed a more negative surface potential on Ti3CNTx-alginate, facilitating high charge transfer between the TENG electrodes. The optimized Ti3CNTx-alginate nanogenerator delivered an output of 670 V, 15 μA, and 0.28 W/m2. Additionally, we demonstrate that plasma oxidation of the MXene surface further enhances triboelectric performance. Due to the diverse surface terminations of MXene, we show that Ti3CNTx-alginate can function as either tribopositive or tribonegative material, depending on the counter-contacting material. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of how MXene composition affects their interaction with biopolymers and resulting tunable triboelectrification behavior. This opens up new avenues for developing flexible and efficient MXene-based TENG devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wicklein
- Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geetha Valurouthu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - HongYeon Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Yoo
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathiyanathan Ponnan
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Manmatha Mahato
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseok Kim
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Sheraz Ali
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kumar S, Hojamberdiev M, Chakraborty A, Mitra R, Chaurasiya R, Kwoka M, Tiwary CS, Biswas K, Kumar M. Quasicrystal Nanosheet/α-Fe 2O 3 Heterostructure-Based Low Power NO 2 Sensors: Experimental and DFT Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16687-16698. [PMID: 38517362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Industrial emissions, environmental monitoring, and medical fields have put forward huge demands for high-performance and low power consumption sensors. Two-dimensional quasicrystal (2D QC) nanosheets of metallic multicomponent Al70Co10Fe5Ni10Cu5 have emerged as a promising material for gas sensors due to their excellent catalytic and electronic properties. Herein, we demonstrate highly sensitive and selective NO2 sensors developed by low-cost and scalable fabrication techniques using 2D QC nanosheets and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The sensitivity (ΔR/R%) of the optimal amount of 2D QC nanosheet-loaded α-Fe2O3 sensor was 32%, which is significantly larger about 3.5 times than bare α-Fe2O3 sensors for 1 ppm of NO2 at 150 °C operating temperature. The sensors exhibited p-type conduction, and resistance was reduced when exposed to NO2, an oxidizing gas. The enhanced sensing characteristics are a result of the formation of nanoheterojunctions between 2D QC and α-Fe2O3, which improved the charge transport and provided a large sensing signal. In addition, the heterojunction sensor demonstrated excellent NO2 selectivity over other oxidizing and reducing gases. Furthermore, density functional theory calculation examines the adsorption energy and charge transfer between NO2 molecules on the α-Fe2O3(110) and QC/α-Fe2O3(110) heterostructure surfaces, which coincides well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India
| | - Mirabbos Hojamberdiev
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Anyesha Chakraborty
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rahul Mitra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Rajneesh Chaurasiya
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Chennai 601103, India
| | - Monika Kwoka
- Department of Cybernetics, Nanotechnology and Data Processing, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Krishanu Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India
- Department of Cybernetics, Nanotechnology and Data Processing, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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11
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Feng S, Guo J, Yang Q, Guan F, Yao Q, Wang Y, Quan F, Zeng S. Development of polyvinyl alcohol/carrageenan hydrogels and fibers via KOH treatment for Morse code information transmission. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130803. [PMID: 38484811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
To solve the inherent problems of conductive hydrogels, such as relatively low mechanical properties and fatigue resistance, inability to work after water loss, and difficulty weaving. In this study, the borax-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/k-carrageenan (kC) conducting hydrogels (BPKKOH) were prepared by a simple one-pot method, and KOH treatment was used instead of the cumbersome and time-consuming freeze-thaw cycle to improve the comprehensive properties. The KOH treatment increased the hydrogel hydrogen bonding content by 7.72 % and synergized with the induction of kC by K+ to enhance the tensile and compressive strengths by 8.12 and 34.6 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the BPKKOH hydrogel's fatigue resistance and shape recovery after water loss were improved. Additionally, the BPKKOH hydrogels can be monitored for finger bending, showing clear and stable differences in electrical signals. BPKKOH hydrogels combined with Morse code realize applications in information transmission and encryption/decryption. Notably, introducing KOH ensures the molding and preparation of BPKKOH hydrogel fibers while having good signal responsiveness and monitoring ability. More importantly, it can be woven into fabrics that can be loaded with heavy weights, which has the potential to be directly applied in smart wearables. This work provides new ideas for applying flexible sensors and wearable smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Feng
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fucheng Guan
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Qiang Yao
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yonghe Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fengyu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shijun Zeng
- Dalian Huayang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian 116047, China
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12
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Bi D, Qu N, Sheng W, Lin T, Huang S, Wang L, Li R. Tough and Strain-Sensitive Organohydrogels Based on MXene and PEDOT/PSS and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties and Strain-Sensing Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11914-11929. [PMID: 38383343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have shown promising application prospects in the field of flexible sensors, but they often suffer from poor mechanical properties, low sensitivity, and lack of frost resistance. Herein, we report a tough, highly sensitive, and antifreeze strain sensor assembled from a conductive organohydrogel composed of a dual-cross-linked polyacrylamide and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) network, as well as MXene nanosheets as nanofillers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-doped poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) as the main conducting component (PPMP-OH organohydrogel). The tensile strength and toughness of PPMP-OH had been greatly enhanced by MXene nanosheets due to the mechanical reinforcement of MXene nanosheets, as well as various strong noncovalent interactions formed in the organohydrogels. The PPM1P-OH organohydrogels showed a tensile strength of 1.48 MPa at 772% and a toughness of 5.59 MJ/m3. Moreover, the conductivity and strain-sensing performance of PPMP-OH were significantly improved by PEDOT/PSS, which can form hydrogen bonds with PVA and electrostatic interactions with MXene. This was greatly beneficial for constructing a uniformly distributed and stable 3D conductive network and helped to obtain strain-dependent resistance of PPMP-OH. The strain sensors assembled from PPMP1-OH exhibited a high sensitivity of 5.16, a wide range of detectable strains up to 500%, and a short response time of 122 ms, which can effectively detect various physiological activities of the human body with high stability. In addition, the corresponding pressure sensor array also showed high sensitivity in identifying pressure magnitude and position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Bi
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Na Qu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Weiqin Sheng
- School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Tenghao Lin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Sanqing Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lie Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Renhong Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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13
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Cao J, Wu B, Yuan P, Liu Y, Hu C. Progress of Research on Conductive Hydrogels in Flexible Wearable Sensors. Gels 2024; 10:144. [PMID: 38391474 PMCID: PMC10887588 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels, characterized by their excellent conductivity and flexibility, have attracted widespread attention and research in the field of flexible wearable sensors. This paper reviews the application progress, related challenges, and future prospects of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable sensors. Initially, the basic properties and classifications of conductive hydrogels are introduced. Subsequently, this paper discusses in detail the specific applications of conductive hydrogels in different sensor applications, such as motion detection, medical diagnostics, electronic skin, and human-computer interactions. Finally, the application prospects and challenges are summarized. Overall, the exceptional performance and multifunctionality of conductive hydrogels make them one of the most important materials for future wearable technologies. However, further research and innovation are needed to overcome the challenges faced and to realize the wider application of conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- School of Fashion and Design Art, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yeqi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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14
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Noriega N, Shekhirev M, Shuck CE, Salvage J, VahidMohammadi A, Dymond MK, Lacey J, Sandeman S, Gogotsi Y, Patel BA. Pristine Ti 3C 2T x MXene Enables Flexible and Transparent Electrochemical Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6569-6578. [PMID: 38261552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the era of the internet of things, there exists a pressing need for technologies that meet the stringent demands of wearable, self-powered, and seamlessly integrated devices. Current approaches to developing MXene-based electrochemical sensors involve either rigid or opaque components, limiting their use in niche applications. This study investigates the potential of pristine Ti3C2Tx electrodes for flexible and transparent electrochemical sensing, achieved through an exploration of how material characteristics (flake size, flake orientation, film geometry, and uniformity) impact the electrochemical activity of the outer sphere redox probe ruthenium hexamine using cyclic voltammetry. The optimized electrode made of stacked large Ti3C2Tx flakes demonstrated excellent reproducibility and resistance to bending conditions, suggesting their use for reliable, robust, and flexible sensors. Reducing electrode thickness resulted in an amplified faradaic-to-capacitance signal, which is advantageous for this application. This led to the deposition of transparent thin Ti3C2Tx films, which maintained their best performance up to 73% transparency. These findings underscore its promise for high-performance, tailored sensors, marking a significant stride in advancing MXene utilization in next-generation electrochemical sensing technologies. The results encourage the analytical electrochemistry field to take advantage of the unique properties that pristine Ti3C2Tx electrodes can provide in sensing through more parametric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Noriega
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mikhail Shekhirev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher E Shuck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan Salvage
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Armin VahidMohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Joseph Lacey
- Rayner Intraocular Lenses Limited, The Ridley Innovation Centre, Worthing BN14 8AQ, U.K
| | - Susan Sandeman
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
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15
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Yao W, Yan Y, Sun J, Zhang Z, Sun W, Huang W, Cheng J, Zhao H, Xie M, Sun Q, Huang G, Lin X. Mechanically Durable Superhydrophobic Strain Sensors with High Biocompatibility and Sensing Performance for Underwater Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6548-6561. [PMID: 38270085 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Much progress has been made toward the development of wearable flexible strain sensors with high sensing performance to monitor human motion, but continuous function in harsh aqueous environments remains a significant challenge. A promising strategy has been the design of sensors with highly durable superhydrophobicity and maintenance of unique sensing properties. Herein, an extremely durable superhydrophobic strain sensor with an ultrawide sensing range was simply fabricated by directly brushing conductive carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) onto an elastic silicone rubber sheet (SS) with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coatings (i.e., SS/PDMS-CBNPs sensors). First, this method avoided the use of toxic solvents and a conventional prestretching treatment. Second, considering the easily destroyed rough structures and surface chemistry for conventional superhydrophobic sensors during practical applications, the prepared SS/PDMS-CBNP sensors showed excellent mechanical durability of both superhydrophobicity and sensing as examined by harsh abrasion (300 cycles), stretching (up to 200%), and ultrasonication (40 min) treatments. Third, the prepared superhydrophobic strain sensor exhibited high sensitivity (gauge factor of 101.75), high stretchability (0.015-460%), low hysteresis (83 ms), and long-term stability (10000 cycles). Fourth, the high biocompatibility of the SS/PDMS-CBNP sensor was demonstrated by rabbit skin irritation tests. Finally, the remarkable water-repellent and sensing properties of the SS/PDMS-CBNP sensor allowed its application to monitor a swimmer's real-time situation and send distress signals when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Yao
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yuzhong Yan
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jianlei Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zeshan Zhang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Wenrui Huang
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Meihua Xie
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Qijun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiangde Lin
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
- Graduate School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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16
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Xie J, Qin Y, Zeng Y, Yuan R, Lu X, Yang X, Wei E, Cui C. Phytic acid/tannic acid reinforced hydrogels with ultra-high strength for human motion monitoring and arrays. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:640-650. [PMID: 38164001 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have been widely researched for their potential applications in soft electronic devices. Creating environmentally friendly and multifunctional high-strength hydrogels for high-performance devices remains a significant challenge. This study employs the biodegradable material polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the primary component, with phytic acid (PA) and tannic acid (TA) as reinforcing phases, to create a multifunctional, high-strength "green" hydrogel. Through the multiple complexations of two bio-enhancing phases with the PVA main chain, this hydrogel attains ultra-high tensile strength (9.341 MPa), substantial toughness (4.262 MJ m-3), and extensive fracture strain (> 1000%), making it a representative with both mechanical performance and antibacterial capabilities. Additionally, it exhibits a low strain sensing limit (0.5%) and excellent durability (500 cycles under 50% strain). This work introduces a novel strategy of combining biodegradable materials with biomass to fabricate multifunctional hydrogels suitable for human motion monitoring and 2D pressure distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiegao Xie
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yafei Qin
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruibo Yuan
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erjiong Wei
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenkai Cui
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and technology, Jing-ming, 727, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Bari GAKMR, Jeong JH. Comprehensive Insights and Advancements in Gel Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. Gels 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38247786 PMCID: PMC10815738 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous worldwide demands for more clean energy urge researchers and engineers to seek various energy applications, including electrocatalytic processes. Traditional energy-active materials, when combined with conducting materials and non-active polymeric materials, inadvertently leading to reduced interaction between their active and conducting components. This results in a drop in active catalytic sites, sluggish kinetics, and compromised mass and electronic transport properties. Furthermore, interaction between these materials could increase degradation products, impeding the efficiency of the catalytic process. Gels appears to be promising candidates to solve these challenges due to their larger specific surface area, three-dimensional hierarchical accommodative porous frameworks for active particles, self-catalytic properties, tunable electronic and electrochemical properties, as well as their inherent stability and cost-effectiveness. This review delves into the strategic design of catalytic gel materials, focusing on their potential in advanced energy conversion and storage technologies. Specific attention is given to catalytic gel material design strategies, exploring fundamental catalytic approaches for energy conversion processes such as the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and more. This comprehensive review not only addresses current developments but also outlines future research strategies and challenges in the field. Moreover, it provides guidance on overcoming these challenges, ensuring a holistic understanding of catalytic gel materials and their role in advancing energy conversion and storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zhang H, Shen Q, Zheng P, Wang H, Zou R, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Zhi JY, Xiang ZR. Harvesting Inertial Energy and Powering Wearable Devices: A Review. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300771. [PMID: 37853661 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Amidst the swift progression of microelectronics and Internet of Things technology, wearable devices are gradually gaining ground in the domains of human health monitoring. Recently, human bioenergy harvesting has emerged as a plausible alternative to batteries. This paper delves into harvesting human inertial energy that stimulates inertial masses through human motion and then transmutes the motion of the inertial masses into electrical energy. The inertial energy harvester is better suited for low-frequency and irregular human motion. This review first identifies the sources of human motion excitation that are compatible with inertial energy harvesters and then provides a summary of the operating principles and the comparisons of the commonly used energy conversion mechanisms, including electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric transducers. The review thoroughly summarizes the latest advancements in human inertial energy-harvesting technology that are categorized and grouped based on their excitation sources and mechanical modulation methods. In addition, the review outlines the applications of inertial energy harvesters in powering wearable devices, medical health monitoring, and as mobile power sources. Finally, the challenges faced by inertial energy-harvesting technologies are discussed, and the review provides a perspective on the potential developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 64000, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Shen
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 64000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 64000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zou
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Zutao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yajia Pan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yi Zhi
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Xiang
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
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19
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Li W, Li SM, Kang MC, Xiong X, Wang P, Tao LQ. Multi-characteristic tannic acid-reinforced polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ionic hydrogel strain sensor for human-machine interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127434. [PMID: 37838111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Big data and cloud computing are propelling research in human-computer interface within academia. However, the potential of wearable human-machine interaction (HMI) devices utilizing multiperformance ionic hydrogels remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a motion recognition-based HMI system that enhances movement training. We engineered dual-network PAM/CMC/TA (PCT) hydrogels by reinforcing polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymers with tannic acid (TA). These hydrogels possess exceptional transparency, adhesion, and remodelling features. By combining an elastic PAM backbone with tunable amounts of CMC and TA, the PCT hydrogels achieve optimal electromechanical performance. As strain sensors, they demonstrate higher sensitivity (GF = 4.03), low detection limit (0.5 %), and good linearity (0.997). Furthermore, we developed a highly accurate (97.85 %) motion recognition system using machine learning and hydrogel-based wearable sensors. This system enables contactless real-time training monitoring and wireless control of trolley operations. Our research underscores the effectiveness of PCT hydrogels for real-time HMI, thus advancing next-generation HMI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Si-Mou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mei-Cun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lu-Qi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Luan H, Wang Z, Zhang P, Xi G, Ji X. Multifunctional, Self-Adhesive MXene-Based Hydrogel Flexible Strain Sensors for Hand-Written Digit Recognition with Assistance of Deep Learning. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16199-16207. [PMID: 37906584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The conductive hydrogel as a flexible sensor not only has certain mechanical flexibility but also can be used in the field of human health detection and human-computer interaction. Herein, by introduction of tannic acid (TA) with MXene into the polyacrylamide (PAM)/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) double-network hydrogel, a hydrogel with high stretchability, self-adhesion, and high sensitivity was prepared. CMC and PAM form a semi-interpenetrating double-network of high toughness and durability through electrostatic interactions and multiple hydrogen bonding networks. The abundant hydrophilic functional groups on TA and MXene form multiple hydrogen bonds simultaneously with the polymer network, ensuring high stretchability and sensitivity of the hydrogel. The hydrogel can display an accurate response to a variety of stimulus signals and can monitor both human joint movements and small physiological signal changes. It can also be combined with deep learning algorithms to classify handwritten digits with an accuracy rate of 98%. This work can promote the application of hydrogel sensors with durability and high sensitivity. The combination of algorithms and flexible sensors provides important ideas for the further development of flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Huixin Luan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zihu Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Guangshuai Xi
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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21
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Mi Y, Zhao Z, Wu H, Lu Y, Wang N. Porous Polymer Materials in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4383. [PMID: 38006107 PMCID: PMC10675394 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), porous polymer materials (PPMs), with different geometries and topologies, have been utilized to enhance the output performance and expand the functionality of TENGs. In this review, the basic characteristics and preparation methods of various PPMs are introduced, along with their applications in TENGs on the basis of their roles as electrodes, triboelectric surfaces, and structural materials. According to the pore size and dimensionality, various types of TENGs that are built with hydrogels, aerogels, foams, and fibrous media are classified and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. To deepen the understanding of the future development trend, their intelligent and multifunctional applications in human-machine interfaces, smart wearable devices, and self-powering sensors are introduced. Finally, the future directions and challenges of PPMs in TENGs are explored to provide possible guidance on PPMs in various TENG-based intelligent devices and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Mi
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.M.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zequan Zhao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.M.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Han Wu
- National Electronic Computer Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yin Lu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.M.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Electronic Computer Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.M.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
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22
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Hu M, He P, Zhao W, Zeng X, He J, Chen Y, Xu X, Sun J, Li Z, Yang J. Machine Learning-Enabled Intelligent Gesture Recognition and Communication System Using Printed Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37883672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Gesture contains abundant and complicated information in daily life; as a consequence, gesture recognition attracts a wide range of application prospects and academic values as an important way of achieving human-machine interactions (HMIs). Here, we report an intelligent system consisting of a smart glove made by printed CNT-graphene/PDMS strain sensors. The smart glove shows excellent fitness, comfort, and lightness for human hands. Inspired by machine learning strategies, several objects and gestures can be well classified and implemented by a customized artificial neural network. Several data sets of different sign language gestures and object-grabbing gestures were established, and the result shows that the intelligent system can achieve an average accuracy of 97% and up to 99.4% for a number of gesture groups. Moreover, a robot hand is connected to this system, which is able to react to the motion of human hands with certain gestures where simple sign communication is achieved. These features provide a feasible practical application scheme for gesture recognition in HMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Pei He
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Weikai Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiaorui He
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zheling Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
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23
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Kumari P, Kumar A, Yadav A, Gupta G, Gupta G, Shivagan DD, Bapna K. Chitosan-Based Highly Sensitive Viable Humidity Sensor for Human Health Monitoring. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39511-39522. [PMID: 37901485 PMCID: PMC10601044 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a sustainable resistive-type humidity sensor based on chitosan (CS) film deposited on an interdigitated Ti/Au electrode coated SiO2 substrate using a simple drop cast approach for human health monitoring. The sensor revealed remarkably high sensitivity (5.8 MΩ/%RH), fast response/recovery time (21 s/25 s), low hysteresis (∼9.3%), excellent reversibility, wide detecting range (11-95% RH), and high selectivity toward water vapor. The calculated associated uncertainty at different %RH indicates the excellent repeatability and stable performance of the sensor. The developed sensor is tested for different human breath patterns, and it is found that the sensor can clearly distinguish between the variations in rate and depth of respiration patterns during normal, fast, deep, and nasal breathing and can monitor for apnea-like situations. The sensor is also utilized to perform noncontact skin humidity sensing. Overall, the developed CS film humidity sensor provides a viable approach for the detection of respiratory disorders and human health issues, detected by skin moisture, in a noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvesh Kumari
- Temperature
and Humidity Metrology, CSIR- National Physical
Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Temperature
and Humidity Metrology, CSIR- National Physical
Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aditya Yadav
- Sensor
Devices and Metrology, CSIR- National Physical
Laboratory, Dr. K. S.
Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Govind Gupta
- Sensor
Devices and Metrology, CSIR- National Physical
Laboratory, Dr. K. S.
Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Temperature
and Humidity Metrology, CSIR- National Physical
Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Dilip D. Shivagan
- Temperature
and Humidity Metrology, CSIR- National Physical
Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Komal Bapna
- Temperature
and Humidity Metrology, CSIR- National Physical
Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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24
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Shang Z, Liu G, Sun Y, Li C, Zhao N, Chen Z, Guo R, Zheng Z, Zhou F, Liu W. Mussel-Inspired Wet-Adhesive Multifunctional Organohydrogel with Extreme Environmental Tolerance for Wearable Strain Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44342-44353. [PMID: 37668314 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
As a flexible artificial material, the conductive hydrogel has broad application prospects in flexible wearable electronics, soft robotics, and biomedical monitoring. However, traditional hydrogels still face many challenges, such as long-term stability, availability in extreme environments, and long-lasting adhesion to the skin surface under sweaty or humid conditions. To circumvent the above issues, one kind of ionic conductive hydrogel was prepared by a simple one-pot method that dissolved chitosan (CS), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), tannic acid (TA), and 2-methoxy-ethyl acrylate (MEA) into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/H2O solvent. The resulting hydrogel showed excellent tensile properties (1440%), extreme environmental tolerance (-40-60 °C), adhesion (72 KPa at porcine skin), ionic conductivity (0.87 S m-1), and high-efficiency antibacterial property. Furthermore, the produced organohydrogel strain sensor exhibited high strain sensitivity (GF = 4.07), excellent signal sensing capabilities (human joint movement, microexpression, and sound signals), and long-term cyclic stability (400 cycles). Looking beyond, this work provides a simple and promising strategy for using hydrogel sensors in extreme environments for e-skin, health monitoring, and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Shang
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ruisheng Guo
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 00000,SAR, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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25
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Li Q, Zhi X, Xia Y, Han S, Guo W, Li M, Wang X. Ultrastretchable High-Conductivity MXene-Based Organohydrogels for Human Health Monitoring and Machine-Learning-Assisted Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19435-19446. [PMID: 37035900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels as promising candidates of wearable electronics have attracted considerable interest in health monitoring, multifunctional electronic skins, and human-machine interfaces. However, to simultaneously achieve excellent electrical properties, superior stretchability, and a low detection threshold of conductive hydrogels remains an extreme challenge. Herein, an ultrastretchable high-conductivity MXene-based organohydrogel (M-OH) is developed for human health monitoring and machine-learning-assisted object recognition, which is fabricated based on a Ti3C2Tx MXene/lithium salt (LS)/poly(acrylamide) (PAM)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel through a facile immersion strategy in a glycerol/water binary solvent. The fabricated M-OH demonstrates remarkable stretchability (2000%) and high conductivity (4.5 S/m) due to the strong interaction between MXene and the dual-network PVA/PAM hydrogel matrix and the incorporation between MXene and LS, respectively. Meanwhile, M-OH as a wearable sensor enables human health monitoring with high sensitivity and a low detection limit (12 Pa). Furthermore, based on pressure mapping image recognition technology, an 8 × 8 pixelated M-OH-based sensing array can accurately identify different objects with a high accuracy of 97.54% under the assistance of a deep learning neural network (DNN). This work demonstrates excellent comprehensive performances of the ultrastretchable high-conductive M-OH in health monitoring and object recognition, which would further explore extensive potential application prospects in personal healthcare, human-machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Henan Key Lab for Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Zhi
- Henan Key Lab for Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xia
- Henan Key Lab for Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Han
- Henan Key Lab for Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- Henan Key Lab for Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Henan Key Lab for Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Henan Key Lab for Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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26
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Samoei V, Maharjan S, Sano K, Jayatissa AH. Effect of Annealing on Graphene/PVDF Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13876-13883. [PMID: 37091372 PMCID: PMC10116551 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the process for tuning the electrical properties of graphene/polyvinylidene fluoride (Gr/PVDF) nanocomposite films by a thermal annealing process is explored. The surface morphology and microstructure of the nanocomposite were characterized. The effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity was investigated by heating and cooling the sample from the room temperature up to 150 °C. The effect of annealing on the electrical conductivity was recorded as a function of annealing temperature. A Hall effect measurement was conducted as a function of annealing temperatures to obtain Hall voltage (V H), carrier mobility (μH), carrier concentration (n H), Hall coefficient (R H), resistivity, and carrier conductivity type (n or p). It was found that the films annealed at 150 °C exhibited the best electrical conductivity of Gr/PVDF films. This study may provide an insight into the development and utilization of Gr/PVDF films in future electronics and the potential applications in various sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor
K. Samoei
- Nanotechnology
and MEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing
Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Surendra Maharjan
- Nanotechnology
and MEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing
Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Keiichiro Sano
- Materials
& Surface Engineering Research Institute, Kanto Gakuin University, 1162-2 Ogikubo, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0042, Japan
| | - Ahalapitiya H. Jayatissa
- Nanotechnology
and MEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing
Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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