1
|
Terenzi L, Gao Z, Ravandeh M, Fedele C, Klausen LH, Bovio CL, Priimagi A, Santoro F. Engineering Lipid-Based Pop-up Conductive Interfaces with PEDOT:PSS and Light-Responsive Azopolymer Films. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303812. [PMID: 39126173 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Significant challenges have emerged in the development of biomimetic electronic interfaces capable of dynamic interaction with living organisms and biological systems, including neurons, muscles, and sensory organs. Yet, there remains a need for interfaces that can function on demand, facilitating communication and biorecognition with living cells in bioelectronic systems. In this study, the design and engineering of a responsive and conductive material with cell-instructive properties, allowing for the modification of its topography through light irradiation, resulting in the formation of "pop-up structures", is presented. A deformable substrate, composed of a bilayer comprising a light-responsive, azobenzene-containing polymer, pDR1m, and a conductive polymer, PEDOT:PSS, is fabricated and characterized. Moreover, the successful formation of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and the maintenance of integrity while deforming the pDR1m/PEDOT:PSS films represent promising advancements for future applications in responsive bioelectronics and neuroelectronic interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Terenzi
- Institute of Biological Information Processing - Bioelectronics, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Neuroelectronic Interfaces, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Institute of Biological Information Processing - Bioelectronics, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Neuroelectronic Interfaces, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi Ravandeh
- Institute of Biological Information Processing - Bioelectronics, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Neuroelectronic Interfaces, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chiara Fedele
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33720, Finland
| | - Lasse Hyldgaard Klausen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center - INANO-Fysik, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Claudia Latte Bovio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, 80125, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33720, Finland
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Institute of Biological Information Processing - Bioelectronics, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Neuroelectronic Interfaces, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, 80125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saphiannikova M, Toshchevikov V, Tverdokhleb N. Optical deformations of azobenzene polymers: orientation approach vs. other concepts. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2688-2710. [PMID: 38465418 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
It has been 30 years since the discovery of surface restructuring in thin azopolymer films by two independent research groups. A wide variety of topographical structures have been created by the application of two-/four-beam interference patterns, space light modulators and even helical beams. There are a number of comprehensive reviews which describe in detail the advances in superficial photopatterning of azopolymer films and macroscopic deformations of azonetworks. The theoretical approaches are only briefly touched on in these reviews and often are accompanied by the remark that the phenomenon is far from being understood. In this review, we would like to present the polymer theoretist's point of view on this intriguing problem. We begin by describing a multitude of theoretical approaches and commenting on the pluses and drawbacks of each. Importantly, we show that in most cases the presence of an azopolymer matrix is either ignored or limited to a specific class of azopolymers (liquid-crystalline or elastomeric). We then move to early orientation approaches based on the hypothesis that reorientation of azo-chromophores by modulated polarized light is the sole cause of superficial patterning. At the end of the review a modern orientation approach, as proposed by our own group, is presented. This approach has high predictive power because it can explain a large pool of experimental data for different classes of azopolymers including glassy and liquid-crystalline materials. This is made possible by taking into account both the light-induced orientation process and the change of anisotropic interactions between the chromophores upon their isomerization. Last but not least, this is the only approach that provides an estimate of the light-induced stress large enough to cause plastic deformations of glassy azopolymers. Recent finite element modeling results show remarkable similarity to real patterns and even time-dependent data are well explained. With this, we claim that the puzzle is finally understood and the orientation approach is ready for its implementation for major azopolymer classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saphiannikova
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Toshchevikov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina Tverdokhleb
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|