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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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2
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Lim S, Nguyen KV, Lee WH. Enhancing Sensitivity in Gas Detection: Porous Structures in Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2862. [PMID: 38732968 PMCID: PMC11086080 DOI: 10.3390/s24092862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Gas detection is crucial for detecting environmentally harmful gases. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based gas sensors have attracted attention due to their promising performance and potential for integration into flexible and wearable devices. This review examines the operating mechanisms of OFET-based gas sensors and explores methods for improving sensitivity, with a focus on porous structures. Researchers have achieved significant enhancements in sensor performance by controlling the thickness and free volume of the organic semiconductor layer. Additionally, innovative fabrication techniques like self-assembly and etching have been used to create porous structures, facilitating the diffusion of target gas molecules, and improving sensor response and recovery. These advancements in porous structure fabrication suggest a promising future for OFET-based gas sensors, offering increased sensitivity and selectivity across various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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3
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Sun C, Wang T. Organic thin-film transistors and related devices in life and health monitoring. NANO RESEARCH 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37359073 PMCID: PMC10102697 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The early determination of disease-related biomarkers can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. Thus, a series of explorations for new diagnosis technologies, such as optical and electrochemical methods, have been devoted to life and health monitoring. Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT), as a state-of-the-art nano-sensing technology, has attracted significant attention from construction to application owing to the merits of being label-free, low-cost, facial, and rapid detection with multi-parameter responses. Nevertheless, interference from non-specific adsorption is inevitable in complex biological samples such as body liquid and exhaled gas, so the reliability and accuracy of the biosensor need to be further improved while ensuring sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, we overviewed the composition, mechanism, and construction strategies of OTFTs for the practical determination of disease-related biomarkers in both body fluids and exhaled gas. The results show that the realization of bio-inspired applications will come true with the rapid development of high-effective OTFTs and related devices. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-023-5606-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Tie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
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4
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Nawaz A, Merces L, Ferro LMM, Sonar P, Bufon CCB. Impact of Planar and Vertical Organic Field-Effect Transistors on Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204804. [PMID: 36124375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible and conformable devices, whose performance can be maintained while being continuously deformed, provides a significant step toward the realization of next-generation wearable and e-textile applications. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are particularly interesting for flexible and lightweight products, because of their low-temperature solution processability, and the mechanical flexibility of organic materials that endows OFETs the natural compatibility with plastic and biodegradable substrates. Here, an in-depth review of two competing flexible OFET technologies, planar and vertical OFETs (POFETs and VOFETs, respectively) is provided. The electrical, mechanical, and physical properties of POFETs and VOFETs are critically discussed, with a focus on four pivotal applications (integrated logic circuits, light-emitting devices, memories, and sensors). It is pointed out that the flexible function of the relatively newer VOFET technology, along with its perspective on advancing the applicability of flexible POFETs, has not been reviewed so far, and the direct comparison regarding the performance of POFET- and VOFET-based flexible applications is most likely absent. With discussions spanning printed and wearable electronics, materials science, biotechnology, and environmental monitoring, this contribution is a clear stimulus to researchers working in these fields to engage toward the plentiful possibilities that POFETs and VOFETs offer to flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Leandro Merces
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Letícia M M Ferro
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Carlos C B Bufon
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
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5
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Söyüt H, Kolcu F, Kaya İ, Yaşar AÖ. Influence of the enzymatic and the chemical oxidative polymerization of trifluoromethyl‐substituted aromatic diamine on thermal and photophysical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Söyüt
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Education, Department of Basic Education Bursa Turkey
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Feyza Kolcu
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
- Lapseki Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Turkey
| | - İsmet Kaya
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Alper Ömer Yaşar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
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6
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Andre RS, Mercante LA, Facure MHM, Sanfelice RC, Fugikawa-Santos L, Swager TM, Correa DS. Recent Progress in Amine Gas Sensors for Food Quality Monitoring: Novel Architectures for Sensing Materials and Systems. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2104-2131. [PMID: 35914109 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for food production has necessitated the development of sensitive and reliable methods of analysis, which allow for the optimization of storage and distribution while ensuring food safety. Methods to quantify and monitor volatile and biogenic amines are key to minimizing the waste of high-protein foods and to enable the safe consumption of fresh products. Novel materials and device designs have allowed the development of portable and reliable sensors that make use of different transduction methods for amine detection and food quality monitoring. Herein, we review the past decade's advances in volatile amine sensors for food quality monitoring. First, the role of volatile and biogenic amines as a food-quality index is presented. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the distinct amine gas sensors is provided according to the transduction method, operation strategies, and distinct materials (e.g., metal oxide semiconductors, conjugated polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, metal organic frameworks, MXenes, quantum dots, and dyes, among others) employed in each case. These include chemoresistive, fluorometric, colorimetric, and microgravimetric sensors. Emphasis is also given to sensor arrays that record the food quality fingerprints and wireless devices that operate as radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags. Finally, challenges and future opportunities on the development of new amine sensors are presented aiming to encourage further research and technological development of reliable, integrated, and remotely accessible devices for food-quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela S Andre
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza A Mercante
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40170-280, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Murilo H M Facure
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C Sanfelice
- Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fugikawa-Santos
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, 13506-700, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel S Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Joshi N, Pransu G, Adam Conte-Junior C. Critical review and recent advances of 2D materials-Based gas sensors for food spoilage detection. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10536-10559. [PMID: 35647714 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many people around the world are concerned about meat safety and quality, which has resulted in the ongoing advancement of packaged food technology. Since the emergence of graphene in 2004, the number of studies on layered two-dimensional materials (2DMs) for applications ranging from food packaging to meat quality monitoring has been expanding quickly. Recently, scientists have been working hard to develop a novel class of 2DMs that keep the good things about graphene but don't have zero bandgaps at room temperature. Much work has been done on layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) like different metal sulfides and selenides for meat spoilage gas sensors. This review looks at (i) the main indicators of meat spoilage and (ii) the detection methods that can be used to find out if meat has been spoiled, such as chemiresistive, electrochemical, and optical methods. (iii) the role of 2DMs in meat spoilage detection and (iv) the emergence of advanced methods for selective classification of target analytes in meat/food spoilage detection in recent years. Thus, this review demonstrates the potential scope of 2DMs for developing intelligent sensor systems for food and meat spoilage detection with high viability, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and other multipurpose tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Joshi
- Physics Department, Federal University of ABC, Campus Santo André, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gaurav Pransu
- Graphene Research Labs, Manchappanahosahalli, Karnataka, India
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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8
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Katz HE. Stabilization and Specification in Polymer Field-Effect Transistor Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15861-15870. [PMID: 35352553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strong and varied chemical interactions between polymer semiconductors and small molecules, and the electronic consequences of these interactions, make polymer organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) attractive as vapor sensing elements. Two hindrances to their wider acceptance and use are their environmental drift and the poor specificity of individual OFETs. Approaches to addressing these two present drawbacks are presented in this Spotlight on Applications. They include the use of semiconducting polymers with greater inherent stability, circuits that add further stability, and arrays that generate patterns that are much more specific to analyte vapors of interest than the individual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard E Katz
- Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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9
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Cheon HJ, An TK, Kim YH. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers and Their Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications: A Review. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Luo N, Ren P, Feng Y, Shao X, Zhang HL, Liu Z. Side-Chain Engineering of Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1131-1146. [PMID: 35084195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed the rapid development of conjugated polymers because of their promising semiconducting properties and applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Recent studies have shown that side-chain engineering of conjugated polymers is an efficient strategy to increase semiconducting performance. This Perspective focuses on the side-chain modulation of conjugated polymers and evaluating their effects on the performance of OFETs. The challenges and potential applications of functional high-performance OFETs through side-chain engineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
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12
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Zhou J, Bagheri M, Järvinen T, Pravda Bartus C, Kukovecz A, Komsa HP, Kordas K. C 60Br 24/SWCNT: A Highly Sensitive Medium to Detect H 2S via Inhomogeneous Carrier Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59067-59075. [PMID: 34870971 PMCID: PMC8678982 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
H2S is a toxic and corrosive gas, whose accurate detection at sub-ppm concentrations is of high practical importance in environmental, industrial, and health safety applications. Herein, we propose a chemiresistive sensor device that applies a composite of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and brominated fullerene (C60Br24) as a sensing component, which is capable of detecting 50 ppb H2S even at room temperature with an excellent response of 1.75% in a selective manner. In contrast, a poor gas response of pristine C60-based composites was found in control measurements. The experimental results are complemented by density functional theory calculations showing that C60Br24 in contact with SWCNTs induces localized hole doping in the nanotubes, which is increased further when H2S adsorbs on C60Br24 but decreases in the regions, where direct adsorption of H2S on the nanotubes takes place due to electron doping from the analyte. Accordingly, the heterogeneous chemical environment in the composite results in spatial fluctuations of hole density upon gas adsorption, hence influencing carrier transport and thus giving rise to chemiresistive sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Country
Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, University of
Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mohammad Bagheri
- Country
Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, University of
Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Topias Järvinen
- Country
Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, University of
Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Cora Pravda Bartus
- Interdisciplinary
Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Bélatér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Akos Kukovecz
- Interdisciplinary
Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Bélatér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hannu-Pekka Komsa
- Country
Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, University of
Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Krisztian Kordas
- Country
Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology
and Electrical Engineering, University of
Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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13
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Mohamed MG, Chou YS, Yang PC, Kuo SW. Multi-stimuli responsive fluorescence chemosensor based on diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polyfluorene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Trul AA, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Gas Sensors Based on Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers as Promising Sensitive Elements for Toxic Gases Monitoring in the Atmosphere. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Wang X, Xie L, Lin K, Ma W, Zhao T, Ji X, Alyami M, Khashab NM, Wang H, Sessler JL. Calix[4]pyrrole‐Crosslinked Porous Polymeric Networks for the Removal of Micropollutants from Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7188-7196. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Linhuang Xie
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Kunhua Lin
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Weibin Ma
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Mram Alyami
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
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16
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Wang X, Xie L, Lin K, Ma W, Zhao T, Ji X, Alyami M, Khashab NM, Wang H, Sessler JL. Calix[4]pyrrole‐Crosslinked Porous Polymeric Networks for the Removal of Micropollutants from Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Linhuang Xie
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Kunhua Lin
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Weibin Ma
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Mram Alyami
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
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17
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Luo N, Zhang G, Liu Z. Keep glowing and going: recent progress in diketopyrrolopyrrole synthesis towards organic optoelectronic materials. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the syntheses of DPP derivatives is summarized as well as the structure–property relationships of the derivatives, including the syntheses of DPP cores, N-functionalization reactions, and π-extensions on and along the DPP cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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18
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Yu S, Zhang D, Pan W, Zeng J. Adsorption of atmospheric gas molecules (NH3, H2S, CO, H2, CH4, NO, NO2, C6H6 and C3H6O) on two-dimensional polyimide with hydrogen bonding: a first-principles study. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen bond acceptors on the surface of two-dimensional polyimide towards NH3, H2S, CO, H2, CH4, NO, NO2, C6H6 and C3H6O gas molecules through first-principles study based on density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujing Yu
- College of Control Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- College of Control Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
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19
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Li M, Zhang X, Zhen S, Xu J. Multichannel transport in conjugated polymers based on through-space conjugated naphthalene. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of through-space transport channels is beneficial for improving the redox activity and stability of electropolymerized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Shijie Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
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20
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Mougkogiannis P, Turner M, Persaud K. Amine Detection Using Organic Field Effect Transistor Gas Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 21:E13. [PMID: 33374982 PMCID: PMC7792628 DOI: 10.3390/s21010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low power gas sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity are desired for many practical applications. Devices based on organic field effect transistors are promising because they can be fabricated at modest cost and are low power devices. Organic field effect transistors fabricated in bottom-gate bottom-contact configuration using the organic semiconductor [2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno] [3,2-b]thiophene) (DPP-T-TT) were systematically investigated to determine the response characteristics to a series of alkylamines and ammonia. The highest sensitivity was to dibutylamine with a limit of detection of 0.025 ppb, followed by n-butylamine, 0.056 ppb, and ammonia, 2.17 ppb. A model was constructed based on the Antoine equation that successfully allows the empirical prediction of the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensor to various analytes including amines and alcohols based on the Antoine C parameter and the heat of the vaporization of the analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mougkogiannis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Krishna Persaud
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
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21
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Liang J, Song Z, Wang S, Zhao X, Tong Y, Ren H, Guo S, Tang Q, Liu Y. Cobweb-like, Ultrathin Porous Polymer Films for Ultrasensitive NO 2 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52992-53002. [PMID: 33170620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors based on polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) have drawn much attention owing to the inherent merits of specific selectivity, low cost, and room temperature operation. Ultrathin (<10 nm) and porous polymer semiconductor films offer a golden opportunity for achieving high-performance gas sensors. However, wafer-scale fabrication of such high-quality polymer films is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer-scale, cobweb-like, and ultrathin porous polymer films is reported via a one-step phase-inversion process. This approach is extremely simple and universal for constructing various ultrathin porous polymer semiconductor films. Thanks to the abundant pores, ultrathin size, and high charge-transfer efficiency of the prepared polymer films, our gas sensors exhibit many superior advantages, including ultrahigh response (2.46 × 106%), low limit of detection (LOD) (<1 ppm), and excellent selectivity. Thus, the proposed fabrication strategy is exceptionally promising for mass manufacturing of low-cost high-performance polymer FET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shanlei Guo
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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22
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Qi J, Duan X, Cai Y, Jia S, Chen C, Zhao Z, Li Y, Peng HQ, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Ding D, Tang BZ. Simultaneously boosting the conjugation, brightness and solubility of organic fluorophores by using AIEgens. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8438-8447. [PMID: 34123103 PMCID: PMC8163428 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic near-infrared (NIR) emitters hold great promise for biomedical applications. Yet, most organic NIR fluorophores face the limitations of short emission wavelengths, low brightness, unsatisfactory processability, and the aggregation-caused quenching effect. Therefore, development of effective molecular design strategies to improve these important properties at the same time is a highly pursued topic, but very challenging. Herein, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are employed as substituents to simultaneously extend the conjugation length, boost the fluorescence quantum yield, and increase the solubility of organic NIR fluorophores, being favourable for biological applications. A series of donor-acceptor type compounds with different substituent groups (i.e., hydrogen, phenyl, and tetraphenylethene (TPE)) are synthesized and investigated. Compared to the other two analogs, MTPE-TP3 with TPE substituents exhibits the reddest fluorescence, highest brightness, and best solubility. Both the conjugated structure and twisted conformation of TPE groups endow the resulting compounds with improved fluorescence properties and processability for biomedical applications. The in vitro and in vivo applications reveal that the NIR nanoparticles function as a potent probe for tumour imaging. This study would provide new insights into the development of efficient building blocks for improving the performance of organic NIR emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xingchen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yuanjing Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shaorui Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Hui-Qing Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing First RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing First RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing First RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- NSFC Centre for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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23
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Mukhopadhyaya T, Wagner JS, Fan H, Katz HE. Design and Synthesis of Air-Stable p-Channel-Conjugated Polymers for High Signal-to-Drift Nitrogen Dioxide and Ammonia Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21974-21984. [PMID: 32315154 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance-conjugated polymer-based gas sensors involves detailed structural tailoring such that high sensitivities are achieved without compromising the stability of the fabricated devices. In this work, we systematically developed a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductors by modifying the polymer backbone to achieve and rationalize enhancements in gas sensitivities and electronic stability in air. NO2- and NH3-responsive polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are described with improved air stability compared to all-thiophene conjugated polymers. Five DPP-fluorene-based polymers were synthesized and compared to two control polymers and used as active layers to detect a concentration of NO2 at least as low as 0.5 ppm. The hypothesis that the less electron-donating fluorene main-chain subunit would lead to increased signal/drift compared to thiophene and carbazole subunits was tested. The sensitivities exhibited a bias voltage-dependent behavior. The proportional on-current change of OFETs using a dithienyl DPP-fluorene polymer reached ∼614% for an exposure to 20 ppm of NO2 for 5 min, testing at a bias voltage of -33 V, among the higher reported NO2 sensitivities for conjugated polymers. Electronic and morphological studies reveal that introduction of the fluorene unit in the DPP backbone decreases the ease of backbone oxidation and induces traps in the thin films. The combination of thin-film morphology and oxidation potentials governs the gas-absorbing properties of these materials. The ratio of responses on exposure to NO2 and NH3 compared to drifts while taking the device through repeated gate voltage sweeps is the highest for two polymers incorporating electron-donating linkers connecting the DPP and thiophene units in the backbone, in this category of organic semiconductors. The responses to NO2 were much larger than that to NH3, indicating increased susceptibility to oxidizing vs reducing gases, and that the capability of oxidizing gases to induce additional charge density has a more dramatic electronic effect than when reducing gases create traps. This work demonstrates the capability of achieving improved stability with the retention of high sensitivity in conjugated polymer-based OFET sensors by modulating redox and morphological properties of polymer semiconductors by structural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushita Mukhopadhyaya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Justine S Wagner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Huidong Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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25
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Yuvaraja S, Surya SG, Chernikova V, Vijjapu MT, Shekhah O, Bhatt PM, Chandra S, Eddaoudi M, Salama KN. Realization of an Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective OFET NO 2 Sensor: The Synergistic Combination of PDVT-10 Polymer and Porphyrin-MOF. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18748-18760. [PMID: 32281789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are emerging as competitive candidates for gas sensing applications due to the ease of their fabrication process combined with the ability to readily fine-tune the properties of organic semiconductors. Nevertheless, some key challenges remain to be addressed, such as material degradation, low sensitivity, and poor selectivity toward toxic gases. Appropriately, a heterojunction combination of different sensing layers with multifunctional capabilities offers great potential to overcome these problems. Here, a novel and highly sensitive receptor layer is proposed encompassing a porous 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) based on isostructural-fluorinated MOFs acting as an NO2 specific preconcentrator, on the surface of a stable and ultrathin PDVT-10 organic semiconductor on an OFET platform. Here, with this proposed combination we have unveiled an unprecedented 700% increase in sensitivity toward NO2 analyte in contrast to the pristine PDVT-10. The resultant combination for this OFET device exhibits a remarkable lowest detection limit of 8.25 ppb, a sensitivity of 680 nA/ppb, and good stability over a period of 6 months under normal laboratory conditions. Further, a negligible response (4.232 nA/%RH) toward humidity in the range of 5%-90% relative humidity was demonstrated using this combination. Markedly, the obtained results support the use of the proposed novel strategy to achieve an excellent sensing performance with an OFET platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Yuvaraja
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep G Surya
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Valeriya Chernikova
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mani Teja Vijjapu
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant M Bhatt
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suman Chandra
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery & Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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26
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Li H, Shi Y, Han G, Liu J, Zhang J, Li C, Liu J, Yi Y, Li T, Gao X, Di C, Huang J, Che Y, Wang D, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Monolayer Two-dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET-based Chemical Sensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4380-4384. [PMID: 31943644 PMCID: PMC7079129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of conventional thin-film OFET-based sensors is limited by the diffusion of analytes through bulk films and remains the central challenge in sensing technology. Now, for the first time, an ultrasensitive (sub-ppb level) sensor is reported that exploits n-type monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with porous two-dimensional structures. Thanks to monolayer crystal structure of NDI3HU-DTYM2 (NDI) and controlled formation of porous structure, a world-record detection limit of NH3 (0.1 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the MMC-OFETs also enabled direct detection of solid analytes of biological amine derivatives, such as dopamine at an extremely low concentration of 500 ppb. The remarkably improved sensing performances of MMC-OFETs opens up the possibility of engineering OFETs for ultrasensitive (bio)chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional MoleculesCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Chongan Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research CenterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804China
| | - Yanke Che
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
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27
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Li H, Shi Y, Han G, Liu J, Zhang J, Li C, Liu J, Yi Y, Li T, Gao X, Di C, Huang J, Che Y, Wang D, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Monolayer Two‐dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET‐based Chemical Sensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional MoleculesCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chongan Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research CenterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Yanke Che
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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28
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Liu Q, Bottle SE, Sonar P. Developments of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Dye-Based Organic Semiconductors for a Wide Range of Applications in Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903882. [PMID: 31797456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, fused aromatic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based functional semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in the developing field of organic electronics. Over the past few years, DPP-based semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable improvements in the performance of both organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices due to the favorable features of the DPP unit, such as excellent planarity and better electron-withdrawing ability. Driven by this success, DPP-based materials are now being exploited in various other electronic devices including complementary circuits, memory devices, chemical sensors, photodetectors, perovskite solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and more. Recent developments in the use of DPP-based materials for a wide range of electronic devices are summarized, focusing on OFET, OPV, and newly developed devices with a discussion of device performance in terms of molecular engineering. Useful guidance for the design of future DPP-based materials and the exploration of more advanced applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Steven E Bottle
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Yang PC, Chien YH, Tseng SH, Lin CC, Huang KY. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Multistimulus-Responsive Azobenzene-Containing Diblock Copolymer through RAFT Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2028. [PMID: 31817773 PMCID: PMC6960709 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper gathered studies on multistimulus-responsive sensing and self-assembly behavior of a novel amphiphilic diblock copolymer through a two-step reverse addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique. N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) macromolecular chain transfer agent and diblock copolymer (poly(NIPAM-b-Azo)) were discovered to have moderate thermal decomposition temperatures of 351.8 and 370.8 °C, respectively, indicating that their thermal stability was enhanced because of the azobenzene segments incorporated into the block copolymer. The diblock copolymer was determined to exhibit a lower critical solution temperature of 34.4 °C. Poly(NIPAM-b-Azo) demonstrated a higher photoisomerization rate constant (kt = 0.1295 s-1) than the Azo monomer did (kt = 0.088 s-1). When ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was applied, the intensity of fluorescence gradually increased, suggesting that UV irradiation enhanced the fluorescence of self-assembled cis-isomers of azobenzene. Morphological aggregates before and after UV irradiation are shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses of the diblock copolymer. We employed photoluminescence titrations to reveal that the diblock copolymer was highly sensitive toward Ru3+ and Ba2+, as was indicated by the crown ether acting as a recognition moiety between azobenzene units. Micellar aggregates were formed in the polymer aqueous solution through dissolution; their mean diameters were approximately 205.8 and 364.6 nm at temperatures of 25.0 and 40.0 °C, respectively. Our findings contribute to research on photoresponsive and chemosensory polymer material developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (S.-H.T.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-Y.H.)
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Hou S, Yu J, Zhuang X, Li D, Liu Y, Gao Z, Sun T, Wang F, Yu X. Phase Separation of P3HT/PMMA Blend Film for Forming Semiconducting and Dielectric Layers in Organic Thin-Film Transistors for High-Sensitivity NO 2 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44521-44527. [PMID: 31679331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the semiconductor/dielectric double-layered films via vertical phase separations from polymer blends is an effective method to fabricate organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Here, we introduce a simple one-step processing method for the vertical phase separation of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends in OTFTs and their applications for high-performance nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors. Compared to the conventional two-step coated OTFT sensors, one-step processed devices exhibit a great enhancement of the responsivity from 116 to 1481% for 30 ppm NO2 concentration and a limit of detection of ∼0.7 ppb. Studies of the microstructures of the blend films and the electrical properties of the sensors reveal that the devices formed by the one-step vertical phase separation have better capability for the adsorption of NO2 molecules. Moreover, a careful adjustment of the blend ratio between P3HT and PMMA can further improve the performance of the NO2 sensors, ranging from sensitivity to selectivity and to the ability of recovery. This simple one-step processing method demonstrates a potential possibility for developing high-performance, low-cost, and large-area OTFT gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. The Effects of Side Chains on the Charge Mobilities and Functionalities of Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers beyond Solubilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903104. [PMID: 31483542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of semiconducting polymers in terms of high charge mobilities and applications in transistors. Significant efforts have been made to develop various conjugated frameworks and linkers. However, studies are increasingly demonstrating that the side chains of semiconducting polymers can significantly affect interchain packing, thin film crystallinity, and thus semiconducting performance. Ways to modify the side alkyl chains to improve the interchain packing order and charge mobilities for conjugated polymers are first discussed. It is shown that modifying the branching chains by moving the branching points away from the backbones can boost the charge mobilities, which can also be improved through partially replacing branching chains with linear ones. Second, the effects of side chains with heteroatoms and functional groups are discussed. The siloxane-terminated side chains are utilized to enhance the semiconducting properties. The fluorinated alkyl chains are beneficial for improving both charge mobility and air stability. Incorporating H bonding group side chains can improve thin film crystallinities and boost charge mobilities. Notably, incorporating functional groups (e.g., glycol, tetrathiafulvalene, and thymine) into side chains can improve the selectivity of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors, while photochromic group containing side chains in conjugated polymers result in photoresponsive semiconductors and optically tunable FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Yu SH, Girma HG, Sim KM, Yoon S, Park JM, Kong H, Chung DS. Polymer-based flexible NO x sensors with ppb-level detection at room temperature using breath-figure molding. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17709-17717. [PMID: 31545332 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A strategically designed polymer semiconductor thin film morphology with both high responsivity to the specific gas analyte and high signal transport efficiency is reported to realize high-performance flexible NOx gas sensors. Breath-figure (BF) molding of polymer semiconductors enables a finely defined degree of nano-porosity in polymer films with high reproducibility while maintaining high charge carrier mobility characteristics of organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The optimized BF-OFET with a donor-acceptor copolymer exhibits a maximum responsivity of over 104%, sensitivity of 774% ppm-1, and limit of detection (LOD) of 110 ppb against NO at room temperature. When tested across at NO concentrations of 0.2-10 ppm, the BF-OFET gas sensor exhibits a response time of 100-300 s, which is suitable for safety purposes in practical applications. Furthermore, BF-OFETs show a high reproducibility as confirmed by statistical analysis on 64 independently fabricated devices. The selectivity of NOx analytes is tested by comparing the sensing ability of BF-OFETs with those of other reducing gases and volatile organic compounds; the BF-OFET gas sensor platform monitors specific gas analytes based on their polarity and magnitude of sensitivity. Finally, flexible BF-OFETs conjugated with plastic substrates are demonstrated and they exhibit a sensitivity of 500% ppm-1 and a LOD of 215 ppb, with a responsivity degradation of only 14.2% after 10 000 bending cycles at 1% strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Yu
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SH, Oh BM, Hong CY, Jung SK, Park SH, Jeon GG, Kwon YW, Jang S, Lee Y, Kim D, Kim JH, Kwon OP. Gas-Induced Ion-Free Stable Radical Anion Formation of Organic Semiconducting Solids as Highly Gas-Selective Probes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35904-35913. [PMID: 31545029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of stabilized radical anions on organic materials in the solid state is an important issue in radical-based fundamental research and various applications. Herein, for the first time, we report on gas-induced ion-free stable radical anion formation (SRAF) of organic semiconducting solids with high gas selectivities through the use of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) gas sensors and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In contrast to the previously reported SRAF, which requires either anionic analytes in solution and/or cationic substituents on π-electron-deficient aromatic cores, NDI-EWGs consist of an n-type semiconducting naphthalene diimide (NDI) and various electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) that exhibit non-ion-involved, gas-selective SRAF in the solid state. In the presence of hard Lewis base gases, NDI-EWG-based OFETs exhibit enhanced conductivity (Current-ON mode) through the formation of an SRAF NDI/gas complex, while in the presence of borderline and soft Lewis base gases, NDI-EWG-based OFETs show decreased conductivity (Current-OFF mode) by the formation of a resistive NDI/gas complex. Organic semiconducting solids with EWGs exhibiting highly gas-selective solid-SRAF constitute a very promising platform for radical-based chemistry and can be used in various applications, such as highly gas-selective probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Heon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Byeong M Oh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Chan Yoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , San 94-6, Iui-dong , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi 443-760 , Korea
| | - Su-Kyo Jung
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Sung-Ha Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Gyeong G Jeon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Seokhoon Jang
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering , DGIST , 333, Techno Jungang Daero , Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering , DGIST , 333, Techno Jungang Daero , Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , San 94-6, Iui-dong , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi 443-760 , Korea
| | - Jong H Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - O-Pil Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
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Song R, Wang Z, Zhou X, Huang L, Chi L. Gas‐Sensing Performance and Operation Mechanism of Organic π‐Conjugated Materials. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1222-1234. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
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Li C, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zheng B, Xu J, Miao Q. Tertiary Amines Differentiated from Primary and Secondary Amines by Active Ester-Functionalized Hexabenzoperylene in Field Effect Transistors. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1676-1680. [PMID: 30644643 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report two novel derivatives of hexabenzoperylene (HBP) that are functionalized with ester groups. Methyl acetate functionalized HBP (1) in single crystals self-assembles into a supramolecular nanosheet, which has a two-dimensional π-stack of HBP sandwiched between two layers of ester groups. With the same self-assembly motif, active ester-functionalized HBP (2) in field effect transistors has enabled differentiation of tertiary amines from primary and secondary amines, in agreement with the fact that active ester reacts with primary and secondary amines but not with tertiary amines to form amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Middya S, Bhattacharjee M, Bandyopadhyay D. Reusable nano-BG-FET for point-of-care estimation of ammonia and urea in human urine. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:145502. [PMID: 30641495 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafe44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A back-gate-field-effect-transistor (BG-FET) has been developed to selectively detect ammonia and urea. The BG-FET was prepared on a p-type Si substrate with an n-type channel of CdS-TiO2 nanocomposite and poly-methyl methacrylate film as dielectric layer. The reusability of the sensor was ensured by putting it as a cover to a chamber where samples were detected. The BG-FET showed an increase in drain current with the increase in ammonia release from chamber because higher numbers of charge carriers were created when ammonia adsorped on CdS-TiO2 nanostructures. Control experiments suggested that the variation in current-to-voltage response of BG-FET could also be calibrated to measure the activity of a host of other hazardous gases. The lowest concentration of ammonia detected was ∼0.85 ppm with a response time of 30 s at a gate voltage of 0.5 V or less, which were superior than available field effect transistors ammonia sensors. Addition of urease in urine liberated ammonia equivalent to urea content in urine, which could be detected by the proposed BGFET. The urea-urease enzyme catalysis reaction made the sensor specific in detecting the biomarker. The accuracy, sensitivity, and reusability of the device was found to be suitable to develop a point-of-care testing device for ammonia and urea detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Middya
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India. Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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Ghosh S, Raveendran R, Saeki A, Seki S, Namboothiry M, Ajayaghosh A. Charge Carrier Polarity Modulation in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low Band Gap Semiconductors by Terminal Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1088-1095. [PMID: 30543390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors with variable charge carrier polarity are required for optoelectronic applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of three novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D-A molecules having three different terminal groups (amide, ester, and dicyano) and study their electronic properties. An increase in electron acceptor strength from amide to dicyano leads to a bathochromic shift in absorption. Photoconductivity and field effect transistor (FET) measurements confirmed that a small increase in acceptor strength can result in a large change in the charge transport properties from p-type to n-type. The molecule with an amide group, DPP-amide, exhibited a moderate p-type mobility (1.3 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1), whereas good n-type mobilities were observed for molecules with an ester moiety, DPP-ester (1.5 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1), and with a dicyano group, DPP-DCV (1 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1). The terminal functional group modification approach presented here is a simple and efficient method to alter the charge carrier polarity of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Ghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
| | - Reshma Raveendran
- School of Physics , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Thiruvananthapuram 695551 , India
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Manoj Namboothiry
- School of Physics , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Thiruvananthapuram 695551 , India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
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Sizov AS, Trul AA, Chekusova V, Borshchev OV, Vasiliev AA, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Highly Sensitive Air-Stable Easily Processable Gas Sensors Based on Langmuir-Schaefer Monolayer Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Multiparametric H 2S and NH 3 Real-Time Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43831-43841. [PMID: 30465602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A combination of low limit of detection, low power consumption, and portability makes organic field-effect transistor (OFET) chemical sensors promising for various applications in the areas of industrial safety control, food spoilage detection, and medical diagnostics. However, the OFET sensors typically lack air stability and restoration capability at room temperature. Here, we report on a new design of highly sensitive gas sensors based on Langmuir-Schaefer monolayer organic field-effect transistors (LS OFETs) prepared from organosilicon derivative of [1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]-benzothiophene. The devices fabricated are able to operate in air and allow an ultrafast detection of different analytes at low concentrations down to tens of parts per billion. The sensors are reusable and can be utilized in real-time air-quality monitoring systems. We show that a direct current response of the LS OFET can be split into the alteration of various transistor parameters, responsible for the interactions with different toxic gases. The sensor response acquiring approach developed allows distinguishing two different gases, H2S and NH3, with a single sensing device. The results reported open new perspectives for the OFET-based gas-sensing technology and pave the way for easy detection of the other types of gases, enabling the development of complex air analysis systems based on a single sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Sizov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- Printed Electronics Technologies LLC , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Office 410, Moscow 117393 , Russia
| | - Askold A Trul
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- Printed Electronics Technologies LLC , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Office 410, Moscow 117393 , Russia
| | - Viktoriya Chekusova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- Printed Electronics Technologies LLC , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Office 410, Moscow 117393 , Russia
| | - Oleg V Borshchev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- Printed Electronics Technologies LLC , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Office 410, Moscow 117393 , Russia
| | - Alexey A Vasiliev
- Printed Electronics Technologies LLC , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Office 410, Moscow 117393 , Russia
- NRC Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov Complex of Physical and Chemical Technologies , Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1 , Moscow 123182 , Russia
| | - Elena V Agina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- Printed Electronics Technologies LLC , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Office 410, Moscow 117393 , Russia
| | - Sergei A Ponomarenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya st. 70 , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- Chemistry Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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Li H, Shi W, Song J, Jang HJ, Dailey J, Yu J, Katz HE. Chemical and Biomolecule Sensing with Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chem Rev 2018; 119:3-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hyun-June Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jennifer Dailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Howard E. Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Park SK, Kim JH, Park SY. Organic 2D Optoelectronic Crystals: Charge Transport, Emerging Functions, and Their Design Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704759. [PMID: 29663536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D organic semiconductor crystals are emerging as a fascinating platform with regard to their applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), attributed to their enhanced charge transport efficiency and their new optoelectronic functions, based on their unique morphological features. Advances in material processing techniques have not only enabled easy fabrication of few-monolayered 2D nanostructures but also facilitated exploration of the interesting properties induced by characteristic 2D morphologies. However, to date, only a limited number of representative organic semiconductors have been utilized in organic 2D optoelectronics. Therefore, in order to further spur this research, an intuitive crystal engineering principle for realizing organic 2D crystals is required. In this regard, here, not only the important implications of applying 2D structures to OFET devices are discussed but also a crystal engineering protocol is provided that first predicts molecular arrangements depending on the molecular factors, which is followed by realizing 2D supramolecular synthon networks for different molecular packing motifs. It is expected that 2D organic semiconductor crystals developed by this approach will pave a promising way toward next-generation organic 2D optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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41
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Wei S, Tian F, Ge F, Wang X, Zhang G, Lu H, Yin J, Wu Z, Qiu L. Helical Nanofibrils of Block Copolymer for High-Performance Ammonia Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22504-22512. [PMID: 29894148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with a helical structure have been in rapid development in recent years because of their potential applications in chemical and biological sensors. We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of helical nanofibrils of block copolymer poly(4-iso-cyano-benzoic acid 5-(2-dimethylamino-ethoxy)-2-nitro-benzylester)- b-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PPI(-DMAENBA)- b-P3HT) via a transfer-etching method. The density and lateral length of nanofibrils can be facilely controlled by regulating the process conditions, which, in turn, directly determine the electronic property. Organic field effect transistors based on helical nanofibrils were successfully fabricated with the highest mobility of 9.1 × 10-3 cm2/(V s)-1, an on/off ratio of 3.4 × 105, and high bias stability. The helical nanofibrils were proved to be beneficial for obtaining a highly sensitive and selective chemical sensor. And, the transistor based on helical nanofibrils exhibits a relative response of 28.6% to 100 ppb ammonia, which is even much higher than the responses to 1 ppm ammonia for homo poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibrils (7%) and block copolymer nanofibrils without helical structure (0.9%). The combination of helical structure with nanofibrils may provide a new strategy to fabricate high-performance chemical sensors suitable for use in environmental monitoring, industrial and agricultural production, health care, and foodsafety.
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Kaippamangalath N, Gopalakrishnapanicker U, Shiju E, Chandrasekharan K. Investigation and fine-tuning of optoelectrical features of tertiary aminophenyl-activated poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole) conjugated system. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. Modification of Side Chains of Conjugated Molecules and Polymers for Charge Mobility Enhancement and Sensing Functionality. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1422-1432. [PMID: 29771491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received increasing attentions in recent years because of their promising applications in various optoelectronic devices. The key performance metric for organic semiconductors is charge carrier mobility, which is governed by the electronic structures of conjugated backbones and intermolecular/interchain π-π interactions and packing in both microscopic and macroscopic levels. For this reason, more efforts have been paid to the design and synthesis of conjugated frameworks for organic semiconductors with high charge mobilities. However, recent studies manifest that appropriate modifications of side chains that are linked to conjugated frameworks can improve the intermolecular/interchain packing order and boost charge mobilities. In this Account, we discuss our research results in context of modification of side chains in organic semiconductors for charge mobility enhancement. These include the following: (i) The lengths of alkyl chains in sulfur-rich thiepin-fused heteroacences can dramatically influence the intermolecular arrangements and orbital overlaps, ushering in different hole mobilities. Inversely, the lamellar stacking modes of alkyl chains in naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units are affected by the structures of conjugated cores. (ii) The steric hindrances owing to the bulky branching chains can be weakened by partial replacement of the branching alkyl chains with linear ones for diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D (donor)-A (acceptor) conjugated polymers. Such modification of side chains makes the polymer backbones more planar and thus interchain packing order and charge mobilities are improved. The incorporation of hydrophilic tri(ethylene glycol) (TEG) chains into the polymers also leads to improved interchain packing order. In particular, the polymer in which TEG side chains are distributed uniformly exhibits relatively high charge mobility without thermal annealing. (iii) The incorporation of urea groups in the side chains induces the polymer chains to pack more orderly and form large domains because of the additional H-bonding among urea groups. Accordingly, thin film mobilities of the conjugated D-A polymers with side chains entailing urea groups are largely boosted in comparison with those of polymers of the same backbones with either branching alkyl chains or branching/linear alkyl chains. (iv) The torsions of branching alkyl chains in conjugated D-A polymers can be inhibited to some extent upon incorporation of tiny amount of NMe4I in the thin film. As a result, the polymer thin films with NMe4I exhibit improved crystallinity, and charge mobilities can be boosted by more than 20 times. (v) Side chains with functional groups in the conjugated polymers can endow the thin film field-effect transistors (FETs) with sensing functionality. FETs with the conjugated polymer with -COOH groups in the side chains show sensitive, selective, and fast responses toward ammonia and amines, while FETs with the ultrathin films of the polymer containing tetra(ethylene glycol) (TEEG) in the side chains can sense alcohol vapors (in particular ethanol vapor) sensitively and selectively with fast response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Freudenberg J, Jänsch D, Hinkel F, Bunz UHF. Immobilization Strategies for Organic Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5598-5689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre of Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, FRG
| | - Daniel Jänsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre of Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, FRG
| | - Felix Hinkel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre of Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre of Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
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Mun S, Park Y, Lee YEK, Sung MM. Highly Sensitive Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Single-Crystal Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Organic Field Effect Transistor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13554-13560. [PMID: 29125766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based sensor for ammonia in the range of 0.01 to 25 ppm was developed. The sensor was fabricated by employing an array of single-crystal poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanowires as the organic semiconductor (OSC) layer of an OFET with a top-contact geometry. The electrical characteristics (field-effect mobility, on/off current ratio) of the single-crystal P3HT nanowire OFET were about 2 orders of magnitude larger than those of the P3HT thin film OFET with the same geometry. The P3HT nanowire OFET showed excellent sensitivity to ammonia, about 3 times higher than that of the P3HT thin film OFET at 25 ppm ammonia. The ammonia response of the OFET was reversible and was not affected by changes in relative humidity from 45 to 100%. The high ammonia sensitivity of the P3HT nanowire OFET is believed to result from the single crystal nature and high surface/volume ratio of the P3HT nanowire used in the OSC layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Mun
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Myung Mo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
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Synthesis, Chemosensory Properties, and Self-Assembly of Terpyridine-Containing Conjugated Polycarbazole through RAFT Polymerization and Heck Coupling Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9090427. [PMID: 30965733 PMCID: PMC6418694 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the responsive fluorescence chemosensory phenomena of a carbazole-functionalized crosslinked polymer (PCaT) with pendent terpyridine (tpy) groups as receptors of metal ions. The polymer was synthesized using Heck polymerization between 3,6-dibromide groups in a carbazole-based polymer (PC2Br) and divinyl tpy monomer. The effects of the polymeric structure on the optical and chemosensory properties of the PCaT were compared with those of a carbazole-tpy alternating conjugated polymer (PCT). Photoluminescence titrations demonstrated that the PCaT and PCT had the high sensing ability toward Fe3+ ions, with Stern–Volmer constants of 8.10 × 104 and 6.68 × 104 M−1, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) toward Fe3+ of the PCaT and PCT was estimated to be 1.31 × 10−6 and 1.81 × 10−6 M, respectively, and the superior LOD of the PCaT was ascribed to its lowly crosslinked structure. The fluorescence of the solutions of these polymers that were quenched by Fe3+ ions recovered when trace CN− anions were added because of the high stability constant of the CN−–Fe3+ complex. Micellar aggregates with a mean diameter of approximately 239.5 nm were formed by dissolving the PCaT in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Our results suggest that the PCaT is a promising material for chemosensory applications.
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Nketia-Yawson B, Noh YY. Organic thin film transistor with conjugated polymers for highly sensitive gas sensors. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Li H, Dailey J, Kale T, Besar K, Koehler K, Katz HE. Sensitive and Selective NO 2 Sensing Based on Alkyl- and Alkylthio-Thiophene Polymer Conductance and Conductance Ratio Changes from Differential Chemical Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20501-20507. [PMID: 28590717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NO2-responsive polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are described, and room-temperature detection with high sensitivity entirely from the semiconductor was achieved. Two thiophene polymers, poly(bisdodecylquaterthiophene) and poly(bisdodecylthioquaterthiophene) (PQT12 and PQTS12, respectively), were used as active layers to detect a concentration at least as low as 1 ppm of NO2. The proportional on-current change of OFETs using these polymers reached over 400% for PQTS12, which is among the highest sensitivities reported for a NO2-responsive device based on an organic semiconducting film. From measurements of cyclic voltammetry and the electronic characteristics, we found that the introduction of sulfurs into the side chains induces traps in films of the PQTS12 and also decreases domain sizes, both of which could contribute to the higher sensitivity of PQTS12 to NO2 gas compared with PQT12. The ratio of responses of PQTS12 and PQT12 is higher for exposures to lower concentrations, making this parameter a means of distinguishing responses to low concentrations for extended times from exposures to high concentrations from shorter times. The responses to nonoxidizing vapors were much lower, indicating good selectivity to NO2 of two polymers. This work demonstrates the capability of increasing selectivity and calibration of OFET sensors by modulating redox and aggregation properties of polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jennifer Dailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tejaswini Kale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kalpana Besar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Pang Z, Nie Q, Lv P, Yu J, Huang F, Wei Q. Design of flexible PANI-coated CuO-TiO 2-SiO 2 heterostructure nanofibers with high ammonia sensing response values. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:225501. [PMID: 28422044 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6dd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a room-temperature ammonia sensor with extra high response values and ideal flexibility, including polyaniline (PANI)-coated titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide (TiO2-SiO2) or copper oxide-titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide (CuO-TiO2-SiO2) composite nanofibers. Such flexible inorganic TiO2-SiO2 and CuO-TiO2-SiO2 composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, followed by calcination. Then, in situ polymerization of aniline monomers was carried out with inorganic TiO2-SiO2 and CuO-TiO2-SiO2 composite nanofibers as templates. Gas sensing tests at room temperature indicated that the obtained CuO-TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofibers had much higher response values to ammonia gas (ca. 45.67-100 ppm) than most of those reported before as well as the prepared TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofibers here. These excellent sensing properties may be due to the P-N, P-P heterojunctions and a structure similar to field-effect transistors formed on the interfaces between PANI, TiO2, and CuO, which is p-type, n-type, and p-type semiconductor, respectively. In addition, the prepared free-standing CuO-TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofiber membrane was easy to handle and possessed ideal flexibility, which is promising for potential applications in wearable sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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