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Jia S, Yang B, Du J, Xie Y, Yu L, Zhang Y, Tao T, Tang W, Gong J. Uncovering the Recent Progress of CNC-Derived Chirality Nanomaterials: Structure and Functions. Small 2024:e2401664. [PMID: 38651220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), as a renewable resource, with excellent mechanical performance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and unique optical performance, is becoming a novel candidate for the development of smart material. Herein, the recent progress of CNC-based chirality nanomaterials is uncovered, mainly covering structure regulations and function design. Undergoing a simple evaporation process, the cellulose nanorods can spontaneously assemble into chiral nematic films, accompanied by a vivid structural color. Various film structure-controlling strategies, including assembly means, physical modulation, additive engineering, surface modification, geometric structure regulation, and external field optimization, are summarized in this work. The intrinsic correlation between structure and performance is emphasized. Next, the applications of CNC-based nanomaterials is systematically reviewed. Layer-by-layer stacking structure and unique optical activity endow the nanomaterials with wide applications in the mineralization, bone regeneration, and synthesis of mesoporous materials. Besides, the vivid structural color broadens the functions in anti-counterfeiting engineering, synthesis of the shape-memory and self-healing materials. Finally, the challenges for the CNC-based nanomaterials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yujiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tiantian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Chen S, Liu D, Chen W, Chen H, Li J, Wang J. Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2024; 15:270-278. [PMID: 38440321 PMCID: PMC10910384 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The majority of crack sensors do not offer simultaneously both a significant stretchability and an ultrahigh sensitivity. In this study, we present a straightforward and cost-effective approach to fabricate metal crack sensors that exhibit exceptional performance in terms of ultrahigh sensitivity and ultrahigh stretchability. This is achieved by incorporating a helical structure into the substrate through a modeling process and, subsequently, depositing a thin film of gold onto the polydimethylsiloxane substrate via sputter deposition. The metal thin film is then pre-stretched to generate microcracks. The sensor demonstrates a remarkable stretchability of 300%, an exceptional sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor reaching 107, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding durability. These impressive attributes are attributed to the deliberate design of geometric structures and careful selection of connection types for the sensing materials, thereby presenting a novel approach to fabricating stretchable and highly sensitive crack-strain sensors. This work offers a universal platform for constructing strain sensors with both high sensitivity and stretchability, showing a far-reaching significance and influence for developing next-generation practically applicable soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbi Chen
- Shanghai Xin Yue Lian Hui Electronic Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Inertial Technology Division, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dewen Liu
- Shanghai Xin Yue Lian Hui Electronic Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Inertial Technology Division, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Shanghai Xin Yue Lian Hui Electronic Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Inertial Technology Division, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- Inertial Technology Division, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai, P.R. China
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3
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YASHIMA E. Synthesis and applications of helical polymers with dynamic and static memories of helicity. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2023; 99:438-459. [PMID: 37853628 PMCID: PMC10822720 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This review mainly highlights our studies on the synthesis of one-handed helical polymers with a static memory of helicity based on the noncovalent helicity induction with a helical-sense bias and subsequent memory of the helicity approach that we developed during the past decade. Apart from the previous approaches, an excess one-handed helical conformation, once induced by nonracemic molecules, is immediately retained ("memorized") after the complete removal of the nonracemic molecules, accompanied by a significant amplification of the asymmetry, providing novel switchable chiral materials for chromatographic enantioseparation and asymmetric catalysis as well as a highly sensitive colorimetric and fluorescence chiral sensor. A conceptually new one-handed helix formation in a racemic helical polymer composed of racemic repeating units through the deracemization of the pendants is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji YASHIMA
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Tsuchiya T, Higashibeppu M, Mazaki Y. Synthesis and Properties of Twisted and Helical Azulene Oligomers and Azulene-Based Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202100298. [PMID: 37195257 PMCID: PMC10661833 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of 1,2-position-connected azulene oligomers was achieved. In the crystal packing structure of the terazulene, two molecules of (Ra )- and (Sa )-configurations formed a pair. Variable temperature NMR measurements and theoretical calculations of the quaterazulene suggest that the helical and syn-type structure with terminal azulene overlap is more stable. Two kinds of fused terazulenes (1,2''-closed and 1,8''-closed) were also synthesized by intramolecular Pd-catalyzed C-H/C-Br arylation of the terazulene moieties. X-ray structure analysis of 1,2''-closed terazulene revealed a planar structure, while an analysis of 1,8''-closed terazulene performed on a C60 co-crystal revealed a curved structure forming a 1 : 1 complex covering the co-crystal. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations carried out for the central seven-membered ring of 1,8''-closed terazulene showed a positive value, suggesting anti-aromatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of ChemistryKitasato University1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku SagamiharaKanagawa252-0373Japan
| | - Makoto Higashibeppu
- Department of ChemistryKitasato University1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku SagamiharaKanagawa252-0373Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of ChemistryKitasato University1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku SagamiharaKanagawa252-0373Japan
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Sakai H, Yung TM, Mure T, Kurono N, Fujii S, Nakamura Y, Hayakawa T, Li MC, Hirai T. Controlling Circularly Polarized Luminescence Using Helically Structured Chiral Silica as a Nanosized Fused Quartz Cell. JACS Au 2023; 3:2698-2702. [PMID: 37885578 PMCID: PMC10598828 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is typically achieved with a chiral luminophore. However, using a helical nanosized fused quartz cell consisting of chiral silica, we could control the wavelength and helical sense of the CPL of an achiral luminophore. Chiral silica with a helical nanostructure was prepared by calcining a mixture of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-functionalized isotactic poly(methacrylate) (it-PMAPOSS) and a small amount of chiral dopant. The chiral silica encapsulated functional molecules, including luminophores, along the helical nanocavity, leading to induced circular dichroism (ICD) and induced circularly polarized luminescence (iCPL). Because chiral silica can act as a helical nanosized fused quartz cell, it can encapsulate not only the luminophore but also solvent molecules. By changing the solvent in the luminophore-containing nanosized fused quartz cell, the wavelength of the CPL was controlled. This method provides an effective strategy for designing novel CPL-active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinari Sakai
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tsz-Ming Yung
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug
Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tomoki Mure
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Kurono
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ming-Chia Li
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug
Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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6
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Tsuchiya K, Horikoshi K, Fujita M, Hirano M, Miyamoto M, Yokoo H, Demizu Y. Development of Hydrophobic Cell-Penetrating Stapled Peptides as Drug Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11768. [PMID: 37511527 PMCID: PMC10380766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are widely used for the intracellular delivery of a variety of cargo molecules, including small molecules, peptides, nucleic acids, and proteins. Many cationic and amphiphilic CPPs have been developed; however, there have been few reports regarding hydrophobic CPPs. Herein, we have developed stapled hydrophobic CPPs based on the hydrophobic CPP, TP10, by introducing an aliphatic carbon side chain on the hydrophobic face of TP10. This side chain maintained the hydrophobicity of TP10 and enhanced the helicity and cell penetrating efficiency. We evaluated the preferred secondary structures, and the ability to deliver 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) as a model small molecule and plasmid DNA (pDNA) as a model nucleotide. The stapled peptide F-3 with CF, in which the stapling structure was introduced at Gly residues, formed a stable α-helical structure and the highest cell-membrane permeability via an endocytosis process. Meanwhile, peptide F-4 demonstrated remarkable stability when forming a complex with pDNA, making it the optimal choice for the efficient intracellular delivery of pDNA. The results showed that stapled hydrophobic CPPs were able to deliver small molecules and pDNA into cells, and that different stapling positions in hydrophobic CPPs can control the efficiency of the cargo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigakudori, Sanyo-Onoda-shi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Kanako Horikoshi
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minami Fujita
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi 230-0045, Japan
| | - Motoharu Hirano
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Miyamoto
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Yokoo
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Japan
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7
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Oba M, Shibuya M, Yamaberi Y, Yokoo H, Uchida S, Ueda A, Tanaka M. An Amphipathic Structure of a Dipropylglycine-Containing Helical Peptide with Sufficient Length Enables Safe and Effective Intracellular siRNA Delivery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:250-256. [PMID: 36858531 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphipathic peptides composed of cationic amino acids and hydrophobic amino acids have cell-penetrating ability and are often used as a delivery tool for membrane-impermeable compounds. Small interfering RNA (siRNAs) are one of the delivery targets for such cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Cationic CPPs can associate with anionic siRNAs by electrostatic interactions resulting in the formation of nano-sized complexes, which can deliver siRNAs intracellularly. CPPs containing unnatural amino acids offer promising tools to siRNA delivery. However, the detailed structure-activity relationship in siRNA delivery has been rarely studied. In the current study, we designed peptides containing dipropylglycine (Dpg) and explored the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of peptide/siRNA complexes. The amphipathic structure of the peptides played a key role in complexation with siRNAs and intracellular siRNA delivery. In the amphipathic peptides, cellular uptake of siRNA increased with increasing peptide length, but cytotoxicity was reduced. A peptide containing four Dpg exhibited an effective gene-silencing effect with small amounts of peptides without cytotoxicity in medium containing serum. These findings will be helpful for the design of novel CPPs for siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Oba
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Mika Shibuya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Yuto Yamaberi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Hidetomo Yokoo
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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8
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Yu B, Wang X, Ding L, Han M, Guo Y. Hydrophilic Natural Polylysine as Drug Nanocarrier for Preparation of Helical Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112512. [PMID: 36432704 PMCID: PMC9696163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptide materials have clear secondary structure and biodegradability, which can be further modified and functionalized, so that they can be employed as therapeutic agents in clinical applications. PEGylation of polylysine (PEG-PLL) is a kind of safe and effective nanocarrier that is utilized for gene and drug delivery. However, PEG-PLL needs to be produced through chemical synthesis, which is expensive and difficult to obtain. We hope to simplify the nanocarrier and use hydrophilic natural polylysine (PLL) to develop a high-efficacy delivery system. To evaluate the possibility of PLL as nanocarriers, methotrexate (MTX) is selected as a model drug and PEG-PLL is utilized as control nanocarriers. The experimental results showed that PLL is an ideal polypeptide to prepare MTX-loaded PLL nanoparticles (PLL/MTX NPs). Compared with PEG-PLL as nanocarriers, PLL/MTX NPs showed higher drug-loading content (58.9%) and smaller particle sizes (113.7 nm). Moreover, the shape of PLL/MTX NPs was a unique helical nanorod. The PLL/MTX NPs had good storage stability, media stability, and sustained release effect. Animal research demonstrated that PLL/MTX NPs could improve the anti-tumor activity of MTX, the antitumor efficacy is enhanced 1.9-fold and 1.2-fold compared with MTX injection and PEG-PLL/MTX NPs, respectively. To sum up, natural polymer PLL is an ideal nano drug delivery carrier which has potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Li Z, Chen W, Liu J, Jiang D. Can Linear Conjugated Polymers Form Stable Helical Structures on the Carbon Nanotubes? ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:49189-49198. [PMID: 36260827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation mechanism of ordered helical structures of conjugated polymers wrapping onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been full of controversy in recent decades. A formation mechanism is proposed for the linear conjugated polymers wrapping around SWCNTs that the formation of helical structures is dependent on the orientation competition between backbone segments and side groups via transmission electron microscopy observations and molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that the conjugated polymers cannot always form stable helical structures, even if they have the capability to form a stable helix. In fact, only part of polymer segments presents a stable helix on the SWCNTs for the internal rotation in polymer deformations. Furthermore, a design framework is proposed to choose specific conjugated homopolymers and copolymers which can form helical structures on the SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Li
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Jiang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
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10
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Misawa T. [Fundamental Studies on Development of Next-generation Medium Sized Peptide Drugs]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1061-1066. [PMID: 36184440 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medium-sized peptides are expected as a next-generation drug discovery modality because they combine the properties of conventional small-molecule drugs and biopharmaceuticals. Nonetheless, peptides are easily degraded by digestive enzymes such as protease in the body, which could be problematic for the development of peptide-based drugs. To overcome such a problem, peptide-based foldamers containing non-proteinogenic amino acids or cyclized peptides have been reported. In addition, peptides must form stable secondary structures and their side chains should be correctly positioned to exert their bioactivity. In our lab, bioactive peptides have been developed based on regulation of secondary structures by introducing non-proteinogenic amino acids such as acyclic α,α-disubstituted amino acids (dAAs), cyclic dAAs, cyclic β-amino acids, and side-chain stapling. Based on these knowledges, I have been performing research on the development of bioactive peptides based on the secondary structural control of peptides as categorized in the following manner: (1) rational design of antimicrobial foldamers; (2) post-functionalization of helical peptides; (3) development of carrier peptides for intracellular delivery of siRNA utilizing the helical template peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Misawa
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
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11
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Abe M, Suzuki R, Hirano K, Koizumi H, Kojima K, Tachibana M. Existence of twisting in dislocation-free protein single crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120846119. [PMID: 35576465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120846119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of high-quality protein crystals is a prerequisite for the structure analysis of proteins by X-ray diffraction. However, dislocation-free perfect crystals such as silicon and diamond have been so far limited to only two kinds of protein crystals, such as glucose isomerase and ferritin crystals. It is expected that many other high-quality or dislocation-free protein crystals still exhibit some imperfection. The clarification of the cause of imperfection is essential for the improvement of crystallinity. Here, we explore twisting as a cause of the imperfection in high-quality protein crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme crystals with polymorphisms (different crystal forms) by digital X-ray topography with synchrotron radiation. The magnitude of the observed twisting is 10−6 to 10−5°/μm which is more than two orders smaller than 10−3 to 104°/μm in other twisted crystals owing to technique limitations with optical and electron microscopy. Twisting is clearly observed in small crystals or in the initial stage of crystal growth. It is uniformly relaxed with crystal growth and becomes smaller in larger crystals. Twisting is one of main residual defects in high-quality crystals and determines the crystal perfection. Furthermore, it is presumed that the handedness of twisting can be ascribed to the anisotropic interaction of chiral protein molecules associated with asymmetric units in the crystal forms. This mechanism of twisting may correspond to the geometric frustration proposed as a primary mechanism of twisting in molecular crystals. Our finding provides insights for the understanding of growth mechanism and the growth control of high-quality crystals.
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12
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Abstract
SignificanceWe first observed a transient chirality inversion on a simple unimolecular platform during the racemization of a chiral helical complex [LCo3A6]3+, i.e., the helicity changed from P-rich (right-handed) to M-rich (left-handed), which then racemized to a P/M equimolar mixture in spite of the absence of a reagent that could induce the M helix. This transient chirality inversion was observed only in the forward reaction, whereas the reverse reaction showed a simple monotonic change with an induction time. Consequently, the M helicity appeared only in the forward reaction. These forward and reverse reactions constitute a hysteretic cycle. Compounds showing such unique time responses would be useful for developing time-programmable switchable materials that can control the physical/chemical properties in a time-dependent manner.
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13
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Hu R, Yu L. Review on 3D growth engineering and integration of nanowires for advanced nanoelectronics and sensor applications. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:222002. [PMID: 35148520 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increasing efforts devoted to the growth, assembly and integration of quasi-one dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs), as fundamental building blocks in advanced three-dimensional (3D) architecture, to explore a series of novel nanoelectronic and sensor applications. An important motivation behind is to boost the integration density of the electronic devices by stacking more functional units in theout-of-plane z-direction, where the NWs are supposed to be patterned or grown as vertically standing or laterally stacked channels to minimize their footprint area. The other driving force is derived from the unique possibility of engineering the 1D NWs into more complex, as well as more functional, 3D nanostructures, such as helical springs and kinked probes, which are ideal nanostructures for developping advanced nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS), bio-sensing and manipulation applications. This Review will first examine the recent progresses made in the construction of 3D nano electronic devices, as well as the new fabrication and growth technologies established to enable an efficient 3D integration of the vertically standing or laterally stacked NW channels. Then, the different approaches to produce and tailor more sophisticated 3D helical springs or purposely-designed nanoprobes will be revisited, together with their applications in NEMS resonators, bio sensors and stimulators in neural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijin Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwei Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ning C, Cheng R, Jiang Y, Sheng F, Yi J, Shen S, Zhang Y, Peng X, Dong K, Wang ZL. Helical Fiber Strain Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Human Respiratory Monitoring. ACS Nano 2022; 16:2811-2821. [PMID: 35098711 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiration is a major vital sign, which can be used for early illness diagnosis and physiological monitoring. Wearable respiratory sensors present an exciting opportunity to monitor human respiratory behaviors in a real-time, noninvasive, and comfortable way. Among them, fiber-shaped triboelectric nanogenerators (FS-TENGs) are attractive for their comfort and high degree of freedom. However, the single-electrode FS-TENGs cannot respond to their own tensile strains, and the coaxial double-electrode FS-TENGs show low sensitivity to strain due to structural limitations. Here, a type of helical fiber strain sensor (HFSS) is developed, which can respond to tiny tensile strains. In addition, a smart wearable real-time respiratory monitoring system is developed based on the HFSSs, which can measure some key breathing parameters for disease prevention and medical diagnosis. An intelligent alarm can automatically call a preset mobile phone for help in response to respiratory behavior changes. This work provides an effective helical structure for fabricating highly sensitive strain sensors based on FS-TENGs and develops wearable self-powered real-time respiratory monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ning
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Renwei Cheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Sheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Shen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Dong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CUSTech Institute of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Chen W, Kong X, Wei Q, Chen H, Liu J, Jiang D. Compression and Stretching of Confined Linear and Ring Polymers by Applying Force. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234193. [PMID: 34883696 PMCID: PMC8659573 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We use Langevin dynamics to study the deformations of linear and ring polymers in different confinements by applying compression and stretching forces on their two sides. Our results show that the compression deformations are the results of an interplay among of polymer rigidity, degree of confinement, and force applied. When the applied force is beyond the threshold required for the buckling transition, the semiflexible chain under the strong confinement firstly buckles; then comes helical deformation. However, under the same force loading, the semiflexible chain under the weaker confinement exhibits buckling instability and shrinks from the folded ends/sides until it becomes three-folded structures. This happens because the strong confinement not only strongly reduces the buckling wavelength, but also increases the critical buckling force threshold. For the weakly confined polymers, in compression process, the flexible linear polymer collapses into condensed states under a small external force, whereas the ring polymer only shows slight shrinkage, due to the excluded volume interactions of two strands in the crowded states. These results are essential for understanding the deformations of the ring biomacromolecules and polymer chains in mechanical compression or driven transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Chen
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.W.); (H.C.); (J.L.); (D.J.)
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Qianqian Wei
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.W.); (H.C.); (J.L.); (D.J.)
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huaiyu Chen
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.W.); (H.C.); (J.L.); (D.J.)
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.W.); (H.C.); (J.L.); (D.J.)
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dazhi Jiang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.W.); (H.C.); (J.L.); (D.J.)
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
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16
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Li G, Matsuno T, Han Y, Wu S, Zou Y, Jiang Q, Isobe H, Wu J. Fused Quinoidal Dithiophene-Based Helicenes: Synthesis by Intramolecular Radical-Radical Coupling Reactions and Dynamics of Interconversion of Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10326-10333. [PMID: 33565194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of fused quinoidal dithiophene-based double and triple helicenes (1-M, 2-M, 2-M-Cl, 3-M, 3-M-Cl) were synthesized by intramolecular radical-radical coupling followed by oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. These helical molecules show dynamic interconversion of enantiomers in solution as revealed by variable-temperature NMR measurements, and the energy barriers are correlated to the substituents and topological structures. Notably, dynamic high performance liquid chromatography was used to quantitatively investigate the room-temperature racemization process between the (P,P,M)- and (P,M,M)- enantiomers of the triple helical 3-M-Cl, which gave an interconversion energy barrier in consistent with density functional theory calculations. Their optical and electrochemical properties are dependent on the fusion mode. Our studies provide both new synthetic strategy and new dynamic analytical method for helicenes with unique electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Muller JAI, Lawrence N, Chan LY, Harvey PJ, Elliott AG, Blaskovich MAT, Gonçalves JC, Galante P, Mortari MR, Toffoli-Kadri MC, Koehbach J, Craik DJ. Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Synthetic Peptides Derived from the Wasp Parachartergus fraternus. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1415-1423. [PMID: 33244888 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agelaia-MPI and protonectin are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the wasp Parachartergus fraternus that show antimicrobial and neuroactive activities. Previously, two analogues of these peptides, neuroVAL and protonectin-F, were designed to reduce nonspecific toxicity and improve potency. Here, the three-dimensional structures of neuroVAL, protonectin and protonectin-F were determined by using circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy. Antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities were tested for the parent peptides and analogues. All peptides showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with agelaia-MPI being the most active. Protonectin and protonectin-F were found to be toxic to cancerous and noncancerous cell lines. Internalization experiments revealed that these peptides accumulate inside both cell types. By contrast, neuroVAL was nontoxic to all tested cells and was able to enter cells without accumulating. In summary, neuroVAL has potential as a nontoxic cell-penetrating peptide, while protonectin-F needs further modification to realize its potential as an antitumor peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A I Muller
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Laboratory of Pharmacology and Inflammation, FACFAN/Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nicole Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Superbug Solutions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Superbug Solutions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jacqueline C Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IB/University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Galante
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IB/University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IB/University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica C Toffoli-Kadri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Inflammation, FACFAN/Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Johannes Koehbach
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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18
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Hirano M, Saito C, Yokoo H, Goto C, Kawano R, Misawa T, Demizu Y. Development of Antimicrobial Stapled Peptides Based on Magainin 2 Sequence. Molecules 2021; 26:444. [PMID: 33466998 PMCID: PMC7830303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magainin 2 (Mag2), which was isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog, is a representative antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exerts antimicrobial activity via microbial membrane disruption. It has been reported that the helicity and amphipathicity of Mag2 play important roles in its antimicrobial activity. We investigated and recently reported that 17 amino acid residues of Mag2 are required for its antimicrobial activity, and accordingly developed antimicrobial foldamers containing α,α-disubstituted amino acid residues. In this study, we further designed and synthesized a set of Mag2 derivatives bearing the hydrocarbon stapling side chain for helix stabilization. The preferred secondary structures, antimicrobial activities, and cell-membrane disruption activities of the synthesized peptides were evaluated. Our analyses revealed that hydrocarbon stapling strongly stabilized the helical structure of the peptides and enhanced their antimicrobial activity. Moreover, peptide 2 stapling between the first and fifth position from the N-terminus showed higher antimicrobial activity than that of Mag2 against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria without exerting significant hemolytic activity. To investigate the modes of action of tested peptides 2 and 8 in antimicrobial and hemolytic activity, electrophysiological measurements were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Hirano
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (M.H.); (H.Y.); (C.G.)
- Graduate School of medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chihiro Saito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-6 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (C.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Hidetomo Yokoo
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (M.H.); (H.Y.); (C.G.)
| | - Chihiro Goto
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (M.H.); (H.Y.); (C.G.)
- Graduate School of medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-6 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (C.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Takashi Misawa
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (M.H.); (H.Y.); (C.G.)
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (M.H.); (H.Y.); (C.G.)
- Graduate School of medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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19
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Zhao Q, Chang Y, Lin Z, Zhang Z, Han Z, Ren L. Microstructure and in-situ tensile strength of propodus of mantis shrimp. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:415-421. [PMID: 32937000 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Effects of microstructure and phase component on mechanical property of spearer propodus of mantis shrimp were investigated. The spearer propodus consisted of three layers including epicuticle (outer layer), exocuticle (middle layer), and endocuticle (inner layer). The outer layer was composed of fluorapatite, which was treated as permeability barrier to environment. The compact middle layer and inner layer were constituted of chitin-protein fibers, which exhibited the layered spiral structure. Under the in-situ tensile test environment, spearer propodus owned high mechanical strength, which bore maximum tensile fore of 320 N. In the in-situ tensile process, cracks extended along with zigzag lines on spearer propodus surface. The middle layer and inner layer resisted the damage of force via the fracture and pulling of fibers. The crack deflection and delamination phenomena were the mechanical property mechanisms of spearer propodus of mantis shrimp. The investigations provided typical bionic models for the design and preparation of bionic structure materials, bionic anti-impact materials, and bionic soft materials in engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanjiao Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaohua Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Enrione J, Char C, Pepczynska M, Padilla C, González-Muñoz A, Olguín Y, Quinzio C, Iturriaga L, Díaz-Calderón P. Rheological and Structural Study of Salmon Gelatin with Controlled Molecular Weight. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1587. [PMID: 32709001 PMCID: PMC7407307 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the molecular structuring of salmon gelatin (SG) with controlled molecular weight produced from salmon skin, and its relationship with its thermal and rheological properties. SG was produced under different pH conditions to produce samples with well-defined high (SGH), medium (SGM), and low (SGL) molecular weight. These samples were characterized in terms of their molecular weight (MW, capillary viscometry), molecular weight distribution (electrophoresis), amino acid profile, and Raman spectroscopy. These results were correlated with thermal (gelation energy) and rheological properties. SGH presented the higher MW (173 kDa) whereas SGL showed shorter gelatin polymer chains (MW < 65 kDa). Raman spectra and gelation energy suggest that amount of helical structures in gelatin is dependent on the molecular weight, which was well reflected by the higher viscosity and G' values for SGH. Interestingly, for all the molecular weight and molecular configuration tested, SG behaved as a strong gel (tan δ < 1), despite its low viscosity and low gelation temperature (3-10 °C). Hence, the molecular structuring of SG reflected directly on the thermal and viscosity properties, but not in terms of the viscoelastic strength of gelatin produced. These results give new insights about the relationship among structural features and macromolecular properties (thermal and rheological), which is relevant to design a low viscosity biomaterial with tailored properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Enrione
- Biopolymer Research & Engineering Laboratory (BIOPREL), Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (J.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (A.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Cielo Char
- Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
| | - Marzena Pepczynska
- Biopolymer Research & Engineering Laboratory (BIOPREL), Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (J.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (A.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Cristina Padilla
- Biopolymer Research & Engineering Laboratory (BIOPREL), Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (J.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (A.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Adrian González-Muñoz
- Biopolymer Research & Engineering Laboratory (BIOPREL), Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (J.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (A.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Yusser Olguín
- Centro Científico Tecnoloógico de Valparaíso (CCTVal), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología (CB-DAL), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Claudia Quinzio
- Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero 4200, Argentina; (C.Q.); (L.I.)
| | - Laura Iturriaga
- Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero 4200, Argentina; (C.Q.); (L.I.)
| | - Paulo Díaz-Calderón
- Biopolymer Research & Engineering Laboratory (BIOPREL), Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (J.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.); (A.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
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21
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Harada S, Nakashima S, Sekino S, Oishi W, Nishida A. Optically Active Helical Lanthanide Complexes: Storable Chiral Lewis Acidic Catalysts for Enantioselective Diels-Alder Reaction of Siloxydienes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:483-486. [PMID: 31891219 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide triflates and a series of hexadentate chiral ligand complexes were synthesized. X-ray-quality crystals were obtained from mixtures of the lanthanide complexes, which were helical in shape. The complexes showed Lewis acidity and catalyzed the enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of electron-rich siloxydienes. The complexes were stable enough to be stored at ambient temperature on a laboratory bench and retained their Lewis acidity even after a month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saki Nakashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shihori Sekino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wakana Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Wang J, Jia J, Wang Y, Xing Q, Peng X, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Protamine-induced condensation of peptide nanofilaments into twisted bundles with controlled helical geometry. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3176. [PMID: 31309673 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chiral self-assembly of peptides is of fundamental interest in the field of biology and material science. Protamine, an alkaline biomacromolecule which is ubiquitous in fish and mammalian, plays crucial roles in directing the helical twisting of DNA. Inspired by this, we reported a bioinspired pathway to direct the hierarchical chiral self-assembly of a short synthetic dipeptide. The peptide could self-assemble into negatively charged chiral micelles in water that spontaneously formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase. By incorporation with protamine, the micelles condensed with the protamine into large helical bundles with precisely controlled diameter. Furthermore, to simulate the intracellular environments, we investigated macromolecular crowding on the coassembly of peptide and protamine, which leads to the formation of much thinner helical structures. The results highlight the roles of highly charged biomacromolecules and macromolecular crowding on peptide self-assembly, which are beneficial for the practical applications of self-assembling peptides in biomedicine and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jiajia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Qiguo Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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23
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Lin Y, Sahoo BR, Ozawa D, Kinoshita M, Kang J, Lim MH, Okumura M, Huh YH, Moon E, Jang JH, Lee HJ, Ryu KY, Ham S, Won HS, Ryu KS, Sugiki T, Bang JK, Hoe HS, Fujiwara T, Ramamoorthy A, Lee YH. Diverse Structural Conversion and Aggregation Pathways of Alzheimer's Amyloid-β (1-40). ACS Nano 2019; 13:8766-8783. [PMID: 31310506 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complex amyloid aggregation of amyloid-β (1-40) (Aβ1-40) in terms of monomer structures has not been fully understood. Herein, we report the microscopic mechanism and pathways of Aβ1-40 aggregation with macroscopic viewpoints through tuning its initial structure and solubility. Partial helical structures of Aβ1-40 induced by low solvent polarity accelerated cytotoxic Aβ1-40 amyloid fibrillation, while predominantly helical folds did not aggregate. Changes in the solvent polarity caused a rapid formation of β-structure-rich protofibrils or oligomers via aggregation-prone helical structures. Modulation of the pH and salt concentration transformed oligomers to protofibrils, which proceeded to amyloid formation. We reveal diverse molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ1-40 aggregation with conceptual energy diagrams and propose that aggregation-prone partial helical structures are key to inducing amyloidogenesis. We demonstrate that context-dependent protein aggregation is comprehensively understood using the macroscopic phase diagram, which provides general insights into differentiation of amyloid formation and phase separation from unfolded and folded structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Sookmyung Women's University , Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100 , Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310 , South Korea
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Daisaku Ozawa
- Department of Neurotherapeutics , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Misaki Kinoshita
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences , Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences , Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease , Korea Brain Research Institute , 61 Cheomdan-ro , Dong-gu, Daegu 41068 , South Korea
| | - Ka-Young Ryu
- Department of Neural Development and Disease , Korea Brain Research Institute , 61 Cheomdan-ro , Dong-gu, Daegu 41068 , South Korea
| | - Sihyun Ham
- Department of Chemistry , Sookmyung Women's University , Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100 , Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310 , South Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute and College of Biomedical and Health Science , Konkuk University , Chungju , Chungbuk 27478 , South Korea
| | | | - Toshihiko Sugiki
- Institute for Protein Research , Osaka University , Yamadaoka 3-2 , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | | | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease , Korea Brain Research Institute , 61 Cheomdan-ro , Dong-gu, Daegu 41068 , South Korea
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Institute for Protein Research , Osaka University , Yamadaoka 3-2 , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Institute for Protein Research , Osaka University , Yamadaoka 3-2 , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Bio-Analytical Science , University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
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24
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Abstract
α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids (dAAs), in which the α-hydrogen of the α-amino acid is replaced with an alkyl substituent, stabilize peptide secondary structures and have been utilized as a tool for building blocks of peptide foldamers. Peptides composed of acyclic dAAs with two bulky substituents equal to or larger than ethyl groups are more likely to form an extended planar conformation, whereas peptides with cyclic dAAs are more likely to adopt a helical structure. Based on these conformational properties of dAA-containing peptides, we developed a novel methodology using cyclic dAAs with an acetal side chain for conformational changes in peptides from a helical to a random structure with acidic treatment. Furthermore, peptide foldamers containing dAAs are useful for the design of functional peptides. In addition to the stabilization properties of peptide secondary structures, peptides foldamers exhibit resistance to degradation by proteases and thus are expected to be useful for development into bioactive peptides. In this presentation, I introduce cell-penetrating peptide foldamers as an application for dAAs in functional peptides. Peptide foldamers with appropriate functional groups at target positions show excellent, continuous cell membrane permeability and the ability to deliver biomacromolecules, such as plasmid DNA, into cells efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Oba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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25
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Park KM, Moon SH, Kang Y. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1,2-bis-(2',6'-diisoprop-oxy-[2,3'-bipyridin]-6-yl)benzene. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1475-1479. [PMID: 30319805 PMCID: PMC6176445 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecule, C38H42N4O4, displays a helical structure induced by the combination of the C-C-C-C torsion angle [-10.8 (2)°] between two 2,3'-bipyridyl units attached to the 1,2-positions of the central benzene ring and consecutive connections between five aromatic rings through the meta- and ortho-positions. Intra-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions between an H atom of a pyridine ring and the centroid of a another pyridine ring contributes to the stabilization of the helical structure. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯π inter-actions link the title mol-ecules into a two-dimensional supra-molecular network extending parallel to the ac plane, in which the mol-ecules with right- and left-handed helical structures are alternately arranged. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots indicate that the mol-ecular packing is dominated by van der Waals inter-actions between neighbouring H atoms, as well as by C-H⋯π inter-actions. One isopropoxyl group is disordered over two sets of sites [occupancy ratio 0.715 (5):0.285 (5)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Min Park
- Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Hee Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam College of Information and Technology, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Kang
- Divisionof Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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26
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Wei S, Tian F, Ge F, Wang X, Zhang G, Lu H, Yin J, Wu Z, Qiu L. Helical Nanofibrils of Block Copolymer for High-Performance Ammonia Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:22504-22512. [PMID: 29894148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with a helical structure have been in rapid development in recent years because of their potential applications in chemical and biological sensors. We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of helical nanofibrils of block copolymer poly(4-iso-cyano-benzoic acid 5-(2-dimethylamino-ethoxy)-2-nitro-benzylester)- b-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PPI(-DMAENBA)- b-P3HT) via a transfer-etching method. The density and lateral length of nanofibrils can be facilely controlled by regulating the process conditions, which, in turn, directly determine the electronic property. Organic field effect transistors based on helical nanofibrils were successfully fabricated with the highest mobility of 9.1 × 10-3 cm2/(V s)-1, an on/off ratio of 3.4 × 105, and high bias stability. The helical nanofibrils were proved to be beneficial for obtaining a highly sensitive and selective chemical sensor. And, the transistor based on helical nanofibrils exhibits a relative response of 28.6% to 100 ppb ammonia, which is even much higher than the responses to 1 ppm ammonia for homo poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibrils (7%) and block copolymer nanofibrils without helical structure (0.9%). The combination of helical structure with nanofibrils may provide a new strategy to fabricate high-performance chemical sensors suitable for use in environmental monitoring, industrial and agricultural production, health care, and foodsafety.
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27
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Mizuno H, Tanaka K, Yamashiro S, Narita A, Watanabe N. Helical rotation of the diaphanous-related formin mDia1 generates actin filaments resistant to cofilin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5000-7. [PMID: 29760064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803415115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay between actin regulatory proteins facilitates the formation of diverse cellular actin structures. Formin homology proteins (formins) play an essential role in the formation of actin stress fibers and yeast actin cables, to which the major actin depolymerizing factor cofilin barely associates. In vitro, F-actin decorated with cofilin exhibits a marked increase in the filament twist. On the other hand, a mammalian formin mDia1 rotates along the long-pitch actin helix during processive actin elongation (helical rotation). Helical rotation may impose torsional force on F-actin in the opposite direction of the cofilin-induced twisting. Here, we show that helical rotation of mDia1 converts F-actin resistant to cofilin both in vivo and in vitro. F-actin assembled by mDia1 without rotational freedom became more resistant to the severing and binding activities of cofilin than freely rotatable F-actin. Electron micrographic analysis revealed untwisting of the long-pitch helix of F-actin elongating from mDia1 on tethering of both mDia1 and the pointed end side of the filament. In cells, single molecules of mDia1ΔC63, an activated mutant containing N-terminal regulatory domains, showed tethering to cell structures more frequently than autoinhibited wild-type mDia1 and mDia1 devoid of N-terminal domains. Overexpression of mDia1ΔC63 induced the formation of F-actin, which has prolonged lifetime and accelerates dissociation of cofilin. Helical rotation of formins may thus serve as an F-actin stabilizing mechanism by which a barbed end-bound molecule can enhance the stability of a filament over a long range.
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28
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Abstract
In the delivery of cell-impermeable molecules, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been attracting increasing attention as intracellular delivery tools. In the present study, we designed four types of cyclic α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids (dAAs) with basic functional groups on their five-membered rings and different chiralities at the α-position and introduced them into arginine (Arg)-rich peptides. The evaluation of cell-penetrating abilities indicated that these peptides exhibited better cell permeabilities than an Arg nonapeptide. Furthermore, peptides containing dAAs delivered plasmid DNA (pDNA) better than a commercially available transfection reagent with a longer incubation time. These results demonstrate that the introduction of cyclic dAAs with basic functional groups into Arg-rich peptides is an effective strategy for the design of CPPs as a pDNA delivery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.,Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 40-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Makoto Oba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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29
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Zhang Y, Liu K, Li K, Gutowski V, Yin Y, Wang J. Fabrication of Anti-Icing Surfaces by Short α-Helical Peptides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:1957-1962. [PMID: 29276886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We designed 12-amino acid peptides as antifreeze protein (AFP) mimetics and tuned the antifreeze activity of the peptides by their structures. Moreover, these short peptides were first immobilized to surfaces as an anti-icing coating. We discovered that the peptides with higher antifreeze activity exhibited better anti-icing performance. It is the first time that short peptides were successfully applied to fabricate anti-icing surfaces, which is certainly advantageous in comparison to the AFP anti-icing coatings previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyong Li
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology , Henan 471023, P. R. China
| | - Voytek Gutowski
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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30
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Salih O, He S, Planamente S, Stach L, MacDonald JT, Manoli E, Scheres SHW, Filloux A, Freemont PS. Atomic Structure of Type VI Contractile Sheath from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Structure 2018; 26:329-336.e3. [PMID: 29307484 PMCID: PMC5807055 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has three type VI secretion systems (T6SSs), H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS, each belonging to a distinct group. The two T6SS components, TssB/VipA and TssC/VipB, assemble to form tubules that conserve structural/functional homology with tail sheaths of contractile bacteriophages and pyocins. Here, we used cryoelectron microscopy to solve the structure of the H1-T6SS P. aeruginosa TssB1C1 sheath at 3.3 Å resolution. Our structure allowed us to resolve some features of the T6SS sheath that were not resolved in the Vibrio cholerae VipAB and Francisella tularensis IglAB structures. Comparison with sheath structures from other contractile machines, including T4 phage and R-type pyocins, provides a better understanding of how these systems have conserved similar functions/mechanisms despite evolution. We used the P. aeruginosa R2 pyocin as a structural template to build an atomic model of the TssB1C1 sheath in its extended conformation, allowing us to propose a coiled-spring-like mechanism for T6SS sheath contraction. We solved a T6SS sheath structure from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (group 3 T6SSi) Comparisons between T6SS groups suggest a conserved sheath contraction mechanism Extended-state model led to proposal of a spring-like sheath contraction mechanism
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Salih
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shaoda He
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sara Planamente
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection (CMBI), Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lasse Stach
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James T MacDonald
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eleni Manoli
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection (CMBI), Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection (CMBI), Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Paul S Freemont
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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31
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Nielles-Vallespin S, Khalique Z, Ferreira PF, de Silva R, Scott AD, Kilner P, McGill LA, Giannakidis A, Gatehouse PD, Ennis D, Aliotta E, Al-Khalil M, Kellman P, Mazilu D, Balaban RS, Firmin DN, Arai AE, Pennell DJ. Assessment of Myocardial Microstructural Dynamics by In Vivo Diffusion Tensor Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:661-676. [PMID: 28183509 PMCID: PMC8672367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocytes are organized in microstructures termed sheetlets that reorientate during left ventricular thickening. Diffusion tensor cardiac magnetic resonance (DT-CMR) may enable noninvasive interrogation of in vivo cardiac microstructural dynamics. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition of abnormal myocardium with unknown sheetlet function. OBJECTIVES This study sought to validate in vivo DT-CMR measures of cardiac microstructure against histology, characterize microstructural dynamics during left ventricular wall thickening, and apply the technique in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and DCM. METHODS In vivo DT-CMR was acquired throughout the cardiac cycle in healthy swine, followed by in situ and ex vivo DT-CMR, then validated against histology. In vivo DT-CMR was performed in 19 control subjects, 19 DCM, and 13 HCM patients. RESULTS In swine, a DT-CMR index of sheetlet reorientation (E2A) changed substantially (E2A mobility ~46°). E2A changes correlated with wall thickness changes (in vivo r2 = 0.75; in situ r2 = 0.89), were consistently observed under all experimental conditions, and accorded closely with histological analyses in both relaxed and contracted states. The potential contribution of cyclical strain effects to in vivo E2A was ~17%. In healthy human control subjects, E2A increased from diastole (18°) to systole (65°; p < 0.001; E2A mobility = 45°). HCM patients showed significantly greater E2A in diastole than control subjects did (48 ; p < 0.001) with impaired E2A mobility (23°; p < 0.001). In DCM, E2A was similar to control subjects in diastole, but systolic values were markedly lower (40° ; p < 0.001) with impaired E2A mobility (20°; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial microstructure dynamics can be characterized by in vivo DT-CMR. Sheetlet function was abnormal in DCM with altered systolic conformation and reduced mobility, contrasting with HCM, which showed reduced mobility with altered diastolic conformation. These novel insights significantly improve understanding of contractile dysfunction at a level of noninvasive interrogation not previously available in humans. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:661–76) Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nielles-Vallespin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland; Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Zohya Khalique
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro F Ferreira
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ranil de Silva
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Scott
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Kilner
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura-Ann McGill
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Archontis Giannakidis
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Gatehouse
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ennis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric Aliotta
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Majid Al-Khalil
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dumitru Mazilu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert S Balaban
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David N Firmin
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Arai
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Horváth J, Násztor Z, Bartha F, Bogár F, Leitgeb B. Characterizing the structural and folding properties of long-sequence hypomurocin B peptides and their analogs. Biopolymers 2017; 106:645-57. [PMID: 27161099 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the folding processes of long-sequence hypomurocin (HM) peptides and their analogs by means of molecular dynamics methods, focusing on the formation of various helical structures and intramolecular H-bonds. The evolution of different helical conformations, such as the 310 -, α-, and left-handed α-helices, was examined, taking into account the entire sequence and each amino acid of peptides. The results indicated that the HM peptides and their analogs possessed a propensity to adopt helical conformations, and they showed a preference for the 310 -helical structure over the α-helical one. The evolution of a variety of the intramolecular H-bonds, including local and non-local interactions, was also investigated. The results pointed out that on the one hand, the appearance of local, helix-stabilizing H-bonds correlated with the presence of helical conformations, and on the other hand, the non-local H-bonds did not affect significantly the formation of helical structures. Additionally, comparing the structural and folding features of HM peptides and their analogs, our study led to the observation that the L-D isomerism of isovaline amino acid induced effects on the folding processes of these long-sequence peptaibol molecules. Accordingly, the HM peptides and their analogs could be characterized by typical structural and folding properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 645-657, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Horváth
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Násztor
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bartha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 8, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- MTA-SZTE Supramolecular and Nanostructured Materials Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Leitgeb
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary. .,Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
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Demizu Y, Doi M, Yamashita H, Misawa T, Oba M, Kurihara M, Suemune H, Tanaka M. The side-chain hydroxy groups of a cyclic α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid promote oligopeptide 310 -helix packing in the crystalline state. Biopolymers 2016; 106:757-68. [PMID: 27237543 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A single chiral cyclic α,α-disubstituted amino acid with side-chain methoxymethyl (MOM) protecting groups, (3S,4S)-1-amino-(3,4-dimethoxymethoxy)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [(S, S)-Ac5 c(dOMOM) ], or side-chain hydroxy groups, (3S,4S)-1-amino-(3,4-dihydroxy)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [(S, S)-Ac5 c(dOH) ], was attached to the N-terminal or C-terminal position of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) tetrapeptide segments; i.e., we designed and synthesized four pentapeptides, Cbz-[(S, S)-Ac5 c(dOMOM) ]-(Aib)4 -OEt (1), Cbz-[(S, S)-Ac5 c(dOH) ]-(Aib)4 -OEt (2), Cbz-(Aib)4 -[(S, S)-Ac5 c(dOMOM) ]-OMe (3), and Cbz-(Aib)4 -[(S, S)-Ac5 c(dOH) ]-OMe (4). We then analyzed the peptides' structures in the crystalline state. The four peptides all folded into 310 -helical structures; 1 formed a left-handed (M) 310 -helix, 2 formed a mixture of right-handed (P) and (M) 310 -helices, 3 formed a mixture of (P) and (M) 310 -helices, and 4 formed a (P) 310 -helix, respectively. In packing mode, the molecules of peptides 1 and 3, which both possessed an Ac5 c(dOMOM) residue, were connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds along the peptide backbone (NH···O type). On the other hand, the packing of peptides 2 and 4, which both contained an Ac5 c(dOH) residue, was based on intermolecular hydrogen bonds derived from both the peptide backbone and the side-chain hydroxy groups of the amino acid Ac5 c(dOH) (OH···O type). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 757-768, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Mitsunobu Doi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Oba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurihara
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemune
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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Zitzer C, Muesmann TWT, Christoffers J, Wickleder MS. Crystal Engineering with the New Linker Tolanedisulfonic Acid (H2 TDS): Helical Chains in Zn(TDS)(DMA)3 , Linear Chains in Zn(TDS)(NMP)3 , and Complex Anions in [HDMA]2 [Zn(TDS)2 (DMA)3 ](DMA)2. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1354-62. [PMID: 25832805 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 4,4'-tolanedisulfonic acid, H2 TDS, with zinc hydroxide in dimethylacetamide, DMA, under solvothermal conditions led to the coordination polymer Zn(TDS)(DMA)3 (I). In the crystal structure [trigonal, P32 21, Z=3, a=1175.0(1) pm, c=1949.5(1) pm, R1 ; wR2 (Io > 2σ(Io ))=0.0393; 0.0921] the disulfonate anions linked the Zn(2+) ions into helical chains according to ∞ (1) [Zn(DMA)3/1 (TDS)2/2 ] (I) causing the chirality of the compound. By using higher concentrations of H2 TDS in the starting mixture the compound [HDMA]2 [Zn(TDS)2 (DMA)3 ](DMA)2 (II) was formed. The structure [monoclinic, Cc, Z=4, a=1201.5(1) pm, b=1996.0(1) pm, c=2749.2(2) pm, β=101.897(2)°, R1 ; wR2 (Io > 2σ(Io ))=0.0699; 0.2017] displayed the complex anion [Zn(TDS)2 (DMA)3 ](2-) which was a perfect cut-off of the helical chain in I. Charge compensation was achieved by protonated DMA molecules. If N-methylpyrrolidone, NMP, was chosen as a solvent, the sulfonate Zn(TDS)(NMP)3 (III) [monoclinic, I2/a, Z=4, a=1575.7(1) pm, b=1077.3(1) pm, c=1870.0(1) pm, β=101.189(9)°, R1 ; wR2 (Io > 2σ(Io ))=0.0563; 0.1320] was obtained. Similarly to the findings for I, the formation of chains according to ∞ (1) [Zn(NMP)3/1 (TDS)2/2 ] was observed. However, due to the more bulky NMP molecules these chains were no longer helical but straight instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zitzer
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Chemistry, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas W T Muesmann
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Chemistry, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Chemistry, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Mathias S Wickleder
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Chemistry, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Outer-hair-cell stereocilia tip-link structure in the chinchilla cochlea was studied by transmission electron microscopy using tannic acid and Ruthenium red/ Alcian blue histochemical procedures. Tannic acid and Ruthenium red/Alcian blue treatments showed the tip link as a compact strand of filaments 9-12 nm thick. Fourier analysis of tip-link images showed that the strand is a three-start helical bundle of fine, coiled filaments which had an axial period of 22.5+/-1.5 nm. Each of three coiled filaments in the strand showed globular structures, 4.3+/-0.3 nm in diameter. The globular structures may correspond to individual protein subunits or they may be repeating identical domains of one polypeptide. The three filaments of the helical array may provide a rigidity to the tip link during stereocilia deflections. Alternatively, changes in the subunit or domain structure of each filament may result in a lengthening or shortening of the tip-link strand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Santi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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